CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Robert Browning - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f3fc5fd8-ee4c-4a78-960b-75747c127fe6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Robert_Browning","wgTitle":"Robert Browning","wgCurRevisionId":1269165522,"wgRevisionId":1269165522,"wgArticleId":61180,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2024","Use Oxford spelling from January 2018","All Wikipedia articles needing clarification","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2019","Articles with hAudio microformats","CS1 maint: others","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Articles with Internet Archive links", "Articles with LibriVox links","Robert Browning","1812 births","1889 deaths","19th-century English poets","Victorian poets","19th-century English writers","English people of Scottish descent","English people of German descent","Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford","Alumni of University College London","People from Camberwell","Burials at Westminster Abbey","English male poets"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Robert_Browning","wgRelevantArticleId":61180,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q233265","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/1200px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1665"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/800px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1110"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/640px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="888"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Robert Browning - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Robert_Browning rootpage-Robert_Browning skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Robert+Browning" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Robert+Browning" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Robert+Browning" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Robert+Browning" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Religious beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritualism_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritualism_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Spiritualism incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritualism_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Last years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_sound_recording" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_sound_recording"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of sound recording</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_sound_recording-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Browning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="روبرت براونينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت براونينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%A9_%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ռոպըրթ Պրաունինկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռոպըրթ Պրաունինկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="رابرت براونینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت براونینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="রবার্ট ব্রাউনিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট ব্রাউনিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Робэрт Браўнінг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Робэрт Браўнінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ρόμπερτ Μπράουνινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Μπράουνινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رابرت براونینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت براونینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%8B%9D" title="로버트 브라우닝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 브라우닝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Ռոբերտ Բրաունինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Բրաունինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="רוברט בראונינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט בראונינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Browning" title="Robertus Browning – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Browning" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Роберт Браунинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Браунинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="റോബർട്ട് ബ്രൗണിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ട് ബ്രൗണിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट ब्राउनिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ბრაუნინგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ ბრაუნინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="روبرت براونينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت براونينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ロバート・ブラウニング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ブラウニング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਰਾਬਟ ਬ੍ਰਾਉਨਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਬਟ ਬ੍ਰਾਉਨਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رابرٹ براؤننگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ براؤننگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Браунинг, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Браунинг, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Browning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Роберт Браунинг – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Браунинг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Роберт Браунінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Браунінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رابرٹ براؤننگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ براؤننگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%8B%83%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%9C%97%E5%AF%A7" title="羅勃特·白朗寧 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅勃特·白朗寧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Robert_Browning" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Robert_Browning" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Robert_Browning" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&oldid=1269165522" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Robert_Browning&id=1269165522&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Browning"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Browning"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Robert_Browning&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Robert_Browning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233265" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English poet and playwright (1812–1889)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the English poet and playwright. For other people, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Robert Browning (disambiguation)">Robert Browning (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Robert Browning</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud,_circa_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Herbert Rose Barraud, c. 1888"><img alt="Portrait by Herbert Rose Barraud, c. 1888" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/220px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/330px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg/440px-Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="2095" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Rose_Barraud" title="Herbert Rose Barraud">Herbert Rose Barraud</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1888</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1812-05-07</span>)</span>7 May 1812<br /><a href="/wiki/Camberwell" title="Camberwell">Camberwell</a>, Surrey, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">12 December 1889<span style="display:none">(1889-12-12)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin_(Browning)" class="extiw" title="s:The Pied Piper of Hamelin (Browning)">The Pied Piper of Hamelin</a>"</li><li><a href="/wiki/Men_and_Women_(poetry_collection)" title="Men and Women (poetry collection)"><i>Men and Women</i></a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a></i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_Person%C3%A6_(poetry_collection)" title="Dramatis Personæ (poetry collection)"><i>Dramatis Personae</i></a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Lyrics">Dramatic Lyrics</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Romances_and_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Romances and Lyrics">Dramatic Romances and Lyrics</a></i></li><li><i>Asolando</i></li><li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Last_Duchess" title="My Last Duchess">My Last Duchess</a>"</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Barrett">Elizabeth Barrett</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="12 September 1846">1846</span>; died 1861)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barrett_Browning" title="Robert Barrett Browning">Robert Barrett ("Pen")</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Robert_Browning_Signature.svg/150px-Robert_Browning_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Robert_Browning_Signature.svg/225px-Robert_Browning_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Robert_Browning_Signature.svg/300px-Robert_Browning_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="46" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Browning</b> (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_monologue" title="Dramatic monologue">dramatic monologues</a> put him high among the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian poets</a>. He was noted for <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_humour" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark humour">dark humour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_commentary" title="Social commentary">social commentary</a>, historical settings and challenging <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>. </p><p>His early long poems <a href="/wiki/Pauline:_A_Fragment_of_a_Confession" title="Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession"><i>Pauline</i></a> (1833) and <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus_(poem)" title="Paracelsus (poem)"><i>Paracelsus</i></a> (1835) were acclaimed, but his reputation dwindled for a time – his 1840 poem <a href="/wiki/Sordello_(poem)" title="Sordello (poem)"><i>Sordello</i></a> was seen as wilfully obscure – and took over a decade to recover, by which time he had moved from <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelleyan</a> forms to a more personal style. In 1846, he married fellow poet <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett</a> and moved to Italy. By her death in 1861, he had published the collection <a href="/wiki/Men_and_Women_(poetry_collection)" title="Men and Women (poetry collection)"><i>Men and Women</i></a> (1855). His <a href="/wiki/Dramatis_Person%C3%A6_(poetry_collection)" title="Dramatis Personæ (poetry collection)"><i>Dramatis Personae</i></a> (1864) and book-length <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poem</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a></i> (1868–1869) made him a leading poet. By his death in 1889, he was seen as a sage and philosopher-poet who had fed into Victorian social and political discourse. Societies for studying his work survived in Britain and the US into the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Browning was born in <a href="/wiki/Walworth" title="Walworth">Walworth</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Camberwell" title="Camberwell">Camberwell</a>, Surrey, which now forms part of the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="London Borough of Southwark">Borough of Southwark</a> in south London. He was baptised on 14 June 1812, at Lock's Fields Independent Chapel, York Street, Walworth,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a well-paid clerk for the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>, earning about £150 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Maynard_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maynard-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Browning's paternal grandfather was a slave owner in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts, West Indies</a>, but Browning's father was an <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">abolitionist</a>. Browning's father had been sent to the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> to work on a sugar plantation but returned to England following a slave revolt. Browning's mother was the daughter of a German shipowner who had settled in <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, Scotland and his Scottish wife. His paternal grandmother, Margaret Tittle, had inherited a plantation in St Kitts and was rumoured in the family to have a mixed-race ancestry including some Jamaican blood, but author Julia Markus suggests she was <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Kittitian</a> rather than Jamaican.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evidence is inconclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert's father, a literary collector, had a library of some 6,000 books; many of them were rare so that Robert grew up in a household with significant literary resources. His mother, to whom he was close, was a devout <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">nonconformist</a> and a talented musician.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His younger sister, Sarianna, also gifted, became her brother's companion in his later years, after the death of his wife in 1861. His father encouraged his children's interest in literature and the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the age of 12, Browning had written a book of poetry, which he later destroyed for want of a publisher. After attending one or two private schools and showing an insuperable dislike of school life, he was educated at home by a tutor, using the resources of his father's library.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 14 he was fluent in French, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>, Italian and Latin. He became an admirer of the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic poets">Romantic poets</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a>, whom he followed in becoming an <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a> and a vegetarian. At 16, he studied Greek at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, but left after his first year.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents' <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical faith</a> prevented his studying at either <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, both then open only to members of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had inherited substantial musical ability through his mother, and composed arrangements of various songs. He refused a formal career and ignored his parents' remonstrations by dedicating himself to poetry. He stayed at home until the age of 34, financially dependent on his family until his marriage. His father sponsored the publication of his son's poems.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin9_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_published_works">First published works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Waring" class="extiw" title="s:Waring">Waring</a> (ll. 192–200)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>Some one shall somehow run a muck<br /> With this old world, for want of strife<br /> Sound asleep: contrive, contrive<br /> To rouse us, Waring! Who's alive?<br /> Our men scarce seem in earnest now:<br /> Distinguished names!—but 'tis, somehow,<br /> As if they played at being names<br /> Still more distinguished, like the games<br /> Of children. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics</i> (1842)</cite></div> </div><p>In March 1833, <i>"<a href="/wiki/Pauline,_a_Fragment_of_a_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline, a Fragment of a Confession">Pauline, a Fragment of a Confession</a>"</i> was published anonymously by Saunders and Otley at the expense of the author, Robert Browning, who received the money from his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a long poem composed in homage to the poet <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a> and somewhat in his style. Originally Browning considered <i>Pauline</i> as the first of a series written by different aspects of himself, but he soon abandoned this idea. The press noticed the publication. W. J. Fox writing in <i>The Monthly Repository</i> of April 1833 discerned merit in the work. <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cunningham_(author)" title="Allan Cunningham (author)">Allan Cunningham</a> praised it in the <i><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_(British_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenaeum (British magazine)">Athenaeum</a></i>. However, it sold no copies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some years later, probably in 1850, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a> came across it in the Reading Room of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> and wrote to Browning, then in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, to ask if he was the author.<sup id="cite_ref-TheCambridge1907_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheCambridge1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, however, wrote that the author suffered from an "intense and morbid self-consciousness".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Browning was rather embarrassed by the work, and only included it in his collected poems of 1868 after making substantial changes and adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence for a boyish work.<sup id="cite_ref-TheCambridge1907_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheCambridge1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1834, he accompanied the Chevalier George de Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, on a brief visit to <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a> and began <i>Paracelsus</i>, which was published in 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject of the <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">16th-century savant and alchemist</a> was probably suggested to him by the Comte Amédée de Ripart-Monclar, to whom it was dedicated. The publication had some commercial and critical success, being noticed by <a href="/wiki/Wordsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickens">Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Savage_Landor" title="Walter Savage Landor">Landor</a>, J. S. Mill and the already famous <a href="/wiki/Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennyson">Tennyson</a>. It is a monodrama without action, dealing with the problems confronting an intellectual trying to find his role in society. It gained him access to the London literary world. </p><p>As a result of his new contacts he met <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Macready" class="mw-redirect" title="William Charles Macready">Macready</a>, who invited him to write a play.<sup id="cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Strafford_(play)" title="Strafford (play)">Strafford</a></i> was performed five times. Browning then wrote two other plays, one of which was not performed, while the other failed, Browning having fallen out with Macready. </p><p>In 1838, he visited Italy looking for background for <i><a href="/wiki/Sordello_(poem)" title="Sordello (poem)">Sordello</a></i>, a long poem in heroic couplets, presented as the imaginary biography of the Mantuan bard spoken of by <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, canto 6 of Purgatory, set against a background of hate and conflict during the wars of the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a>. This was published in 1840 and met with widespread derision, gaining him the reputation of wanton carelessness and obscurity. Tennyson, jokingly, commented that he only understood the first and last lines. <a href="/wiki/Jane_Welsh_Carlyle" title="Jane Welsh Carlyle">Jane Welsh Carlyle</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> (a friend of Browning's who deeply influenced Browning's poetry),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quipped that she read the poem through and "could not tell whether Sordello was a [sic] 'a book, a city, or a man'".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Browning's reputation began to make a partial recovery with the publication, 1841–1846, of <i>Bells and Pomegranates</i>, a series of eight pamphlets, originally intended just to include his plays. Fortunately for Browning's career, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some "dramatic lyrics", some of which had already appeared in periodicals.<sup id="cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_B._Read_(American,_1822-1872)_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg/220px-Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg/330px-Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg/440px-Thomas_B._Read_%28American%2C_1822-1872%29_-_Portraits_of_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_and_Robert_Browning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Portraits of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg/220px-Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg/330px-Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg/440px-Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning_MET_DT8282.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></i>, 1853 by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Hosmer" title="Harriet Hosmer">Harriet Hosmer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1845, Browning met the poet <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett</a>, six years his senior, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in <a href="/wiki/Wimpole_Street" title="Wimpole Street">Wimpole Street</a>, London. They began regularly corresponding and gradually a romance developed between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italy (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's domineering father disapproved of marriage for any of his children. Mr. Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married: "The Mrs. Browning of popular imagination was a sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at the hands of a tyrannical papa but who nonetheless had the good fortune to fall in love with a dashing and handsome poet named Robert Browning."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At her husband's insistence, the second edition of Elizabeth's <i>Poems</i> included her love sonnets. The book increased her popularity and high critical regard, cementing her position as an eminent Victorian poet. Upon <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>'s death in 1850, she was a serious contender to become <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a>, the position eventually going to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson,_1st_Baron_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson">Tennyson</a>. </p><p>From the time of their marriage and until Elizabeth's death, the Brownings lived in Italy, residing first in <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, and then, within a year, finding an apartment in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> at <a href="/wiki/Casa_Guidi" title="Casa Guidi">Casa Guidi</a> (now a museum to their memory).<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their only child, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Barrett_Browning" title="Robert Barrett Browning">Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning</a>, nicknamed "Penini" or "Pen", was born in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these years Browning was fascinated by, and learned from, the art and atmosphere of Italy. He would, in later life, describe Italy as his university. As Elizabeth had inherited money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy, and their relationship together was happy. However, the literary assault on Browning's work did not let up and he was critically dismissed further, by patrician writers such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a>, for deserting England.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_views">Political views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Browning identified as a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a>, supported the emancipation of women, and opposed slavery, expressing sympathy for the North in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Browning_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Browning-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in life, he even championed animal rights in several poems attacking vivisection. He was also a stalwart opponent of anti-Semitism, leading to speculation that Browning himself was Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Browning_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Browning-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1877 he wrote a poem explaining "Why I am a Liberal" in which he declared: "Who then dares hold – emancipated thus / His fellow shall continue bound? Not I."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critical attention to Browning's politics has, in general, been sparse. <a href="/wiki/Isobel_Armstrong" title="Isobel Armstrong">Isobel Armstrong</a>'s writing on dramatic monologues, as well as more recent work on the influence of <i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a></i> on Browning's politics, has attempted to situate the poet's political sensibility at the centre of his practice.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Browning was raised in an evangelical non-conformist household. However, after his reading of Shelley he is said to have briefly become an atheist.<sup id="cite_ref-everett_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everett-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Browning is also said to have made an uncharacteristic admission of faith to Alfred Domett, when he is said to have admired Byron's poetry "as a Christian".<sup id="cite_ref-Dommet_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dommet-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poems such as "Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day" seem to confirm this Christian faith, strengthened by his wife. However, many have dismissed the usefulness of these works at discovering Browning's own religious views due to the consistent use of dramatic monologue which regularly expresses hypothetical views which cannot be ascribed to the author himself.<sup id="cite_ref-everett_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everett-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritualism_incident">Spiritualism incident</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spiritualism incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mr._Sludge,_%22The_Medium%22" class="extiw" title="s:Mr. Sludge, "The Medium"">Mr. Sludge, "The Medium"</a> (opening lines)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>Now, don't, sir! Don't expose me! Just this once!<br /> This was the first and only time, I'll swear,—<br /> Look at me,—see, I kneel,—the only time,<br /> I swear, I ever cheated,—yes, by the soul<br /> Of Her who hears—(your sainted mother, sir!)<br /> All, except this last accident, was truth—<br /> This little kind of slip!—and even this,<br /> It was your own wine, sir, the good champagne,<br /> (I took it for <a href="/wiki/Catawba_(grape)" title="Catawba (grape)">Catawba</a>—you're so kind)<br /> Which put the folly in my head! </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><i>Dramatis Personae</i> (1864)</cite></div> </div> <p>Browning believed <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">spiritualism</a> to be fraud, and proved one of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dunglas_Home" title="Daniel Dunglas Home">Daniel Dunglas Home</a>'s most adamant critics. When Browning and his wife <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth</a> attended one of his séances on 23 July 1855,<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1989_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1989-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a spirit face materialized, which Home claimed was Browning's son who had died in infancy: Browning seized the "materialization" and discovered it to be Home's bare foot. To make the deception worse, Browning had never lost a son in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the séance, Browning wrote an angry letter to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, in which he said: "the whole display of hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902 Browning's son <a href="/wiki/Robert_Barrett_Browning" title="Robert Barrett Browning">Pen</a> wrote: "Home was detected in a vulgar fraud."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth, however, was convinced that the phenomena she witnessed were genuine, and her discussions about Home with her husband were a constant source of disagreement.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_works">Major works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/How_It_Strikes_a_Contemporary" class="extiw" title="s:How It Strikes a Contemporary">How It Strikes a Contemporary</a> (ll. 21–33)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>He stood and watched the cobbler at his trade,<br /> The man who slices lemons into drink,<br /> The coffee-roaster's <a href="/wiki/Brazier" title="Brazier">brazier</a>, and the boys<br /> That volunteer to help him turn its winch.<br /> He glanced o'er books on stalls with half an eye,<br /> And fly-leaf ballads on the vendor's string,<br /> And broad-edge bold-print posters by the wall.<br /> He took such cognizance of men and things,<br /> If any beat a horse, you felt he saw;<br /> If any cursed a woman, he took note;<br /> Yet stared at nobody—you stared at him,<br /> And found, less to your pleasure than surprise,<br /> He seemed to know you and expect as much. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><i>Men and Women</i> (1855)</cite></div> </div> <p>In Florence, probably from early in 1853, Browning worked on the poems that eventually composed his two-volume <i><a href="/wiki/Men_and_Women_(poetry_collection)" title="Men and Women (poetry collection)">Men and Women</a></i>, for which he is now well known,<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although in 1855, when they were published, they made relatively little impact. </p><p>In 1861, Elizabeth died in Florence. Among those whom he found consoling in that period<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="the one ending in '61, or the one beginning then, or a *completely*undelimited one that surrounded her death? (August 2019)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> was the novelist and poet <a href="/wiki/Isa_Blagden" title="Isa Blagden">Isa Blagden</a>, with whom he and his wife had a voluminous correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year Browning returned to London, taking Pen with him, who by then was 12 years old. They made their home in 17 <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Crescent" title="Warwick Crescent">Warwick Crescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale" title="Maida Vale">Maida Vale</a>. It was only when he became part of the London literary scene—albeit while paying frequent visits to Italy (though never again to Florence)—that his reputation started to take off.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin10_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1868, after five years' work, he completed and published the long <a href="/wiki/Blank_verse" title="Blank verse">blank-verse</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a></i>. Based on a convoluted murder-case from 1690s Rome, the poem is composed of 12 books: essentially 10 lengthy dramatic monologues narrated by various characters in the story, showing their individual perspectives on events, bookended by an introduction and conclusion by Browning himself. Long even by Browning's standards (over twenty-thousand lines), <i>The Ring and the Book</i> was his most ambitious project and is arguably his greatest work; it has been called a <i>tour de force</i> of dramatic poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Published in four parts from November 1868 to February 1869, the poem was a success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought for nearly 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Robert Browning Society was formed in 1881 and his work was recognised as belonging within the British literary canon.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years_and_death">Last years and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Last years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg/220px-Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg/330px-Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg/440px-Robert_Browning_after_death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Browning after death.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png/170px-Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png/255px-Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png/340px-Robert_browning_cartoon-1-.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>1882 caricature from <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a></i> reading: "<i>The Ring and Bookmaker from Red Cotton Nightcap country"</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the remaining years of his life Browning travelled extensively. After a series of long poems published in the early 1870s, of which <i>Balaustion's Adventure</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Cotton_Night-Cap_Country" title="Red Cotton Night-Cap Country">Red Cotton Night-Cap Country</a></i> were the best-received,<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the volume <i><a href="/wiki/Pacchiarotto,_and_How_He_Worked_in_Distemper" title="Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper">Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper</a></i> included an attack against Browning's critics, especially <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Austin" title="Alfred Austin">Alfred Austin</a>, who was later to become <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate</a>. According to some reports Browning became romantically involved with <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Caroline_Stewart-Mackenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie">Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie</a>, Lady Ashburton, but he refused her proposal of marriage, and did not remarry. In 1878, he revisited Italy for the first time in the seventeen years since Elizabeth's death, and returned there on several further occasions. In 1887, Browning produced the major work of his later years, <i>Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day</i>. It finally presented the poet speaking in his own voice, engaging in a series of dialogues with long-forgotten figures of literary, artistic, and philosophic history. The Victorian public was baffled by this, and Browning returned to the brief, concise lyric for his last volume, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asolando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asolando (page does not exist)">Asolando</a></i> (1889), published on the day of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Browning died at his son's home <a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Rezzonico" title="Ca' Rezzonico">Ca' Rezzonico</a> in Venice on 12 December 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Corner" title="Poets' Corner">Poets' Corner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>; his grave now lies immediately adjacent to that of <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karlin11_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his life Browning was awarded many distinctions. He was made <a href="/wiki/LL.D." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.D.">LL.D.</a> of Edinburgh, a life Governor of London University, and had the offer of the <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Rector of the University of Glasgow">Lord Rectorship of Glasgow</a>. But he turned down anything that involved public speaking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_sound_recording">History of sound recording</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History of sound recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_recites_%22How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix%22.ogg" title="File:Robert Browning recites "How They Brought The Good News From Ghent To Aix".ogg">How They Brought The Good News From Ghent To Aix</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="Robert_Browning_recites_"How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix".ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Robert_Browning_recites_%22How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix%22.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Robert_Browning_recites_%22How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix%22.ogg/Robert_Browning_recites_%22How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix%22.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Browning reciting "<a href="/wiki/How_They_Brought_The_Good_News_From_Ghent_To_Aix" class="mw-redirect" title="How They Brought The Good News From Ghent To Aix">How They Brought The Good News From Ghent To Aix</a>"</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>At a dinner party on 7 April 1889, at the home of Browning's friend the artist <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Lehmann_(artist)" title="Rudolf Lehmann (artist)">Rudolf Lehmann</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Edison_Records" title="Edison Records">Edison cylinder phonograph</a> recording was made on a white wax cylinder by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Edison</a>'s British representative, <a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Gouraud" title="George Edward Gouraud">George Gouraud</a>. In the recording, which still exists, Browning recites part of <i><a href="/wiki/How_They_Brought_the_Good_News_from_Ghent_to_Aix" title="How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix">How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix</a></i> (and can be heard apologising when he forgets the words).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the recording was played in 1890 on the anniversary of his death, at a gathering of his admirers, it was said to be the first time anyone's voice "had been heard from beyond the grave."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg/170px-Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg/255px-Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg/340px-Robert_Browning_caricature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Caricature by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Waddy" title="Frederick Waddy">Frederick Waddy</a> (1873)</figcaption></figure> <p>Browning's admirers have tended to temper their praise with reservations about the length and difficulty of his most ambitious poems, particularly <i>Sordello</i> and, to a lesser extent, <i>The Ring and the Book</i>. Nevertheless, they have included such eminent writers as <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>. Among living writers, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_(series)" title="The Dark Tower (series)">The Dark Tower</a></i> series, <a href="/wiki/A._S._Byatt" title="A. S. Byatt">A. S. Byatt</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Possession_(Byatt_novel)" title="Possession (Byatt novel)">Possession</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Maggie_O%27Farrell" title="Maggie O'Farrell">Maggie O'Farrell</a>'s <i>The Marriage Portrait</i> refer directly to Browning's work. </p><p>Today Browning's critically most esteemed poems include the monologues <i><a href="/wiki/Childe_Roland_to_the_Dark_Tower_Came" title="Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came">Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fra_Lippo_Lippi_(poem)" title="Fra Lippo Lippi (poem)">Fra Lippo Lippi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Del_Sarto_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Del Sarto (poem)">Andrea Del Sarto</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/My_Last_Duchess" title="My Last Duchess">My Last Duchess</a></i>. His most popular poems include <i><a href="/wiki/Porphyria%27s_Lover" title="Porphyria's Lover">Porphyria's Lover</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/How_They_Brought_the_Good_News_from_Ghent_to_Aix" title="How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix">How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Diptych" title="Diptych">diptych</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Meeting_at_Night" title="Meeting at Night">Meeting at Night</a></i>, the patriotic <i><a href="/wiki/Home_Thoughts_from_Abroad" title="Home Thoughts from Abroad">Home Thoughts from Abroad</a></i>, and the children's poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pied Piper of Hamelin">The Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></i>. His abortive dinner-party recital of <i>How They Brought The Good News</i> was recorded on an <a href="/wiki/Edison_Records" title="Edison Records">Edison</a> <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">wax cylinder</a>, and is believed to be one of the oldest surviving recordings made in the United Kingdom of a notable person (a recording of Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>'s voice was made about six months earlier).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning,_Vanity_Fair,_1875-11-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg/150px-Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg/225px-Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg/300px-Robert_Browning%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1875-11-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="4068" /></a><figcaption>Captioned "Modern Poetry", caricature of Browning in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>Browning is now popularly known for such poems as <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Porphyria%27s_Lover" class="extiw" title="s:Porphyria's Lover">Porphyria's Lover</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/My_Last_Duchess" class="extiw" title="s:My Last Duchess">My Last Duchess</a></i>, <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/How_They_Brought_the_Good_News_from_Ghent_to_Aix" class="extiw" title="s:How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix">How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix</a></i>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin_(Browning)" class="extiw" title="s:The Pied Piper of Hamelin (Browning)">The Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></i>, and also for certain famous lines: "Grow old along with me!" (<i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rabbi_Ben_Ezra" class="extiw" title="s:Rabbi Ben Ezra">Rabbi Ben Ezra</a></i>), "A man's reach should exceed his grasp" and "Less is more" (<i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Del_Sarto_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Del Sarto (poem)">Andrea Del Sarto</a></i>), "It was roses, roses all the way" (<i>The Patriot</i>), and "God's in His heaven—All's right with the world!" (<i><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Passes" title="Pippa Passes">Pippa Passes</a></i>). </p><p>His critical reputation has traditionally rested mainly on his <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_monologue" title="Dramatic monologue">dramatic monologues</a>, in which the words not only convey setting and action but reveal the speaker's character. In a Browning monologue, unlike a <a href="/wiki/Soliloquy" title="Soliloquy">soliloquy</a>, the meaning is not what the speaker voluntarily reveals but what he inadvertently gives away, usually while <a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(making_excuses)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rationalization (making excuses)">rationalising</a> past actions or <a href="/wiki/Special_pleading" title="Special pleading">special pleading</a> his case to a silent auditor. These monologues have been influential, and today the best of them are often treated by teachers and lecturers as paradigm cases of the monologue form. One such example used by teachers today is his satirisation of the sadistic attitude in his <i>Soliloquy in a Spanish Cloister</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Jack_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Jack (academic)">Ian Jack</a>, in his introduction to the Oxford University Press edition of Browning's poems 1833–1864, comments that <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> "all learned from Browning's exploration of the possibilities of dramatic poetry and of colloquial idiom".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Oscar Wilde's dialogue <i><a href="/wiki/The_Critic_as_Artist" title="The Critic as Artist">The Critic as Artist</a></i>, Browning is given a famously ironical assessment: "He is the most Shakespearean creature since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Browning could stammer through a thousand mouths. [...] Yes, Browning was great. And as what will he be remembered? As a poet? Ah, not as a poet! He will be remembered as a writer of fiction, as the most supreme writer of fiction, it may be, that we have ever had. His sense of dramatic situation was unrivalled, and, if he could not answer his own problems, he could at least put problems forth, and what more should an artist do? Considered from the point of view of a creator of character he ranks next to him who made <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>. Had he been articulate, he might have sat beside him. The only man who can touch the hem of his garment is <a href="/wiki/George_Meredith" title="George Meredith">George Meredith</a>. Meredith is a prose Browning, and so is Browning. He used poetry as a medium for writing in prose." </p><p>Probably the most adulatory judgment of Browning by a modern critic comes from <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>: "Browning is the most considerable poet in English since the major Romantics, surpassing his great contemporary rival <a href="/wiki/Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennyson">Tennyson</a> and the principal twentieth-century poets, including even <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">Yeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Hardy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Wallace Stevens</a>. But Browning is a very difficult poet, notoriously badly served by <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">criticism</a>, and ill-served also by his own accounts of what he was doing as a poet.... Yet when you read your way into his world, precisely his largest gift to you is his involuntary unfolding of one of the largest, most enigmatic, and most multipersoned literary and human selves you can hope to encounter."<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom2004_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom2004-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, critics such as Annmarie Drury, Hédi A. Jaouad, and Joseph Hankinson have shifted to focus on Browning's surprising receptivity to other cultures, languages, and literary traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His work has nevertheless had many detractors, and most of his voluminous output is not widely read. In a largely hostile essay <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> wrote: "We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins" title="Gerard Manley Hopkins">Gerard Manley Hopkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a> were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay "The Poetry of Barbarism", which attacks Browning and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> for what he regarded as their embrace of irrationality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg/310px-Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg/465px-Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg/620px-Plaque_on_Louisa_A.M._McGrigor_monument._Newlyn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_927552.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>A memorial plaque for a member of the <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Aid_Detachment" title="Voluntary Aid Detachment">Voluntary Aid Detachment</a>, engraved with a quotation from the Epilogue to Browning's <i>Asolando</i>. The inscription reads: "In Loving Memory of Louisa A. M. McGrigor Commandant V.A.D. Cornwall 22. Who died on service, March 31, 1917. Erected by her fellow workers in the British Red Cross Society, Women Unionist Association, Boy Scouts, Girl Guides and Friends. <i>One who never turned her back but marched breast forward, Never doubted clouds would break, Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, Sleep to wake.</i>"</figcaption></figure> <p>The young <a href="/wiki/Henry_Walford_Davies" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Walford Davies">Henry Walford Davies</a> made a musical setting of <i>Prospice</i> in 1894 for baritone and string quartet. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Banfield" title="Stephen Banfield">Stephen Banfield</a> rates it highly among musical settings of Browning, calling it "one of his few very powerful compositions".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been recorded by Martin Oxenham and the Bingham String Quartet.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914, the American modernist composer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a> created the <i>Robert Browning Overture</i>, a dense and darkly dramatic piece with gloomy overtones reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, the U.S. composer <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoberg_Turrell" title="Margaret Hoberg Turrell">Margaret Hoberg Turrell</a> composed a song based on Browning's poem "Love: Such a Starved Bank of Moss".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, the U.S. composer <a href="/wiki/Anne_Stratton" title="Anne Stratton">Anne Stratton</a> composed one based on Browning's poem "Parting at Morning".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, the story of Browning and his wife was made into the play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street">The Barretts of Wimpole Street</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Besier" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph Besier">Rudolph Besier</a>. It was a success and brought popular fame to the couple in the United States. The role of Elizabeth became a signature role for the actress <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Cornell" title="Katharine Cornell">Katharine Cornell</a>. It was twice adapted into film. It was also the basis of the stage musical <i><a href="/wiki/Robert_and_Elizabeth" title="Robert and Elizabeth">Robert and Elizabeth</a></i>, with music by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Grainer" title="Ron Grainer">Ron Grainer</a> and book and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Millar" title="Ronald Millar">Ronald Millar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Browning is an important character in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dibdin" title="Michael Dibdin">Michael Dibdin</a>'s 1986 novel <i>A rich full death</i>. </p><p>"God's in his heaven – All's right in the world", an excerpt from his poem, Pippa Passes, is the slogan for the fictional organisation NERV from <a href="/wiki/Hideaki_Anno" title="Hideaki Anno">Hideaki Anno</a>'s 1995 anime series <a href="/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion" title="Neon Genesis Evangelion">Neon Genesis Evangelion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial plaque on the site of Browning's London home, in Warwick Crescent, <a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale" title="Maida Vale">Maida Vale</a>, was unveiled on 11 December 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pied_Piper2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pied_Piper2.jpg/220px-Pied_Piper2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pied_Piper2.jpg/330px-Pied_Piper2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pied_Piper2.jpg/440px-Pied_Piper2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper</a> leads the children out of <a href="/wiki/Hamelin" title="Hamelin">Hamelin</a>. Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Greenaway" title="Kate Greenaway">Kate Greenaway</a> to the Robert Browning version of the tale.</figcaption></figure> <p>This section lists the plays and volumes of poetry Browning published in his lifetime. Some individually notable poems are also listed, under the volumes in which they were published. (His only notable <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> work, with the exception of his letters, is his <i>Essay on Shelley</i>.) </p> <ul><li><i>Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession</i> (1833)</li> <li><i>Paracelsus</i> (1835)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strafford_(play)" title="Strafford (play)">Strafford</a></i> (play) (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sordello_(poem)" title="Sordello (poem)">Sordello</a></i> (1840)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bells_and_Pomegranates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bells and Pomegranates (page does not exist)">Bells and Pomegranates</a></i> (1841–46) <ul><li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. I: <a href="/wiki/Pippa_Passes" title="Pippa Passes">Pippa Passes</a></i> (play) (1841) <ul><li><i>The Year's at the Spring</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. II: <a href="/wiki/King_Victor_and_King_Charles" title="King Victor and King Charles">King Victor and King Charles</a></i> (play) (1842)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Lyrics">Bells and Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics</a></i> (1842) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Porphyria%27s_Lover" title="Porphyria's Lover">Porphyria's Lover</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soliloquy_of_the_Spanish_Cloister" title="Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister">Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Last_Duchess" title="My Last Duchess">My Last Duchess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pied Piper of Hamelin">The Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Gismond" title="Count Gismond">Count Gismond</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Agricola_in_Meditation" title="Johannes Agricola in Meditation">Johannes Agricola in Meditation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. IV: <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Druses" title="The Return of the Druses">The Return of the Druses</a></i> (play) (1843)</li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. V: <a href="/wiki/A_Blot_in_the_%27Scutcheon" title="A Blot in the 'Scutcheon">A Blot in the 'Scutcheon</a></i> (play) (1843)</li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. VI: <a href="/wiki/Colombe%27s_Birthday" title="Colombe's Birthday">Colombe's Birthday</a></i> (play) (1844)</li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. VII: <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Romances_and_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Romances and Lyrics">Dramatic Romances and Lyrics</a></i> (1845) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Laboratory" title="The Laboratory">The Laboratory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_They_Brought_the_Good_News_from_Ghent_to_Aix" title="How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix">How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix</a></i></li> <li><i>The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Leader_(poem)" title="The Lost Leader (poem)">The Lost Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Thoughts_from_Abroad" title="Home Thoughts from Abroad">Home Thoughts from Abroad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meeting_at_Night" title="Meeting at Night">Meeting at Night</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Bells and Pomegranates No. VIII: <a href="/wiki/Luria_(play)" title="Luria (play)">Luria</a> </i>and<i> <a href="/wiki/A_Soul%27s_Tragedy" title="A Soul's Tragedy">A Soul's Tragedy</a></i> (plays) (1846)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas-Eve_and_Easter-Day" title="Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day">Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day</a></i> (1850)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_and_Women_(poetry_collection)" title="Men and Women (poetry collection)">Men and Women</a></i> (1855) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Hope" title="Evelyn Hope">Evelyn Hope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Among_the_Ruins_(poem)" title="Love Among the Ruins (poem)">Love Among the Ruins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Toccata_of_Galuppi%27s" title="A Toccata of Galuppi's">A Toccata of Galuppi's</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Childe_Roland_to_the_Dark_Tower_Came" title="Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came">Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fra_Lippo_Lippi_(poem)" title="Fra Lippo Lippi (poem)">Fra Lippo Lippi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Del_Sarto_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Del Sarto (poem)">Andrea Del Sarto</a></i></li> <li><i>The Patriot</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Ride_Together&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Last Ride Together (page does not exist)">The Last Ride Together</a></i>(1855)</li> <li><i>Memorabilia</i></li> <li><i>Cleon</i></li> <li><i>How It Strikes a Contemporary</i></li> <li><i>The Statue and the Bust</i></li> <li><i>A Grammarian's Funeral</i></li> <li><i>An Epistle Containing the Strange Medical Experience of Karshish, the Arab Physician</i></li> <li><i>Bishop Blougram's Apology</i></li> <li><i>Master Hugues of Saxe-Gotha</i></li> <li><i>By the Fire-side</i></li> <li><i>My Star</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_Person%C3%A6_(poetry_collection)" title="Dramatis Personæ (poetry collection)">Dramatis Personae</a></i> (1864) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliban_over_Setebos" title="Caliban over Setebos">Caliban upon Setebos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Ben_Ezra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbi Ben Ezra">Rabbi Ben Ezra</a></i></li> <li><i>Abt Vogler</i></li> <li><i>Mr. Sludge, "The Medium"</i></li> <li><i>Prospice</i></li> <li><i>A Death in the Desert</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a></i> (1868–69)</li> <li><i>Balaustion's Adventure</i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hohenstiel-Schwangau,_Saviour_of_Society" title="Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society">Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifine_at_the_Fair" title="Fifine at the Fair">Fifine at the Fair</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Cotton_Night-Cap_Country" title="Red Cotton Night-Cap Country">Red Cotton Night-Cap Country</a>, or, Turf and Towers</i> (1873)</li> <li><i>Aristophanes' Apology</i> (1875) <ul><li><i>Thamuris Marching</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>The Inn Album</i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacchiarotto,_and_How_He_Worked_in_Distemper" title="Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper">Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper</a></i> (1876) <ul><li><i>Numpholeptos</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>The Agamemnon of Aeschylus</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>La Saisiaz</i> and <i>The Two Poets of Croisic</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Dramatic Idyls</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>Dramatic Idyls: Second Series</i> (1880) <ul><li><i>Pan and Luna</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jocoseria" title="Jocoseria">Jocoseria</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferishtah%27s_Fancies" title="Ferishtah's Fancies">Ferishtah's Fancies</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i>Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day</i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asolando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asolando (page does not exist)">Asolando</a></i> (1889) <ul><li><i>Prologue</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summum_Bonum_(poem)" title="Summum Bonum (poem)">Summum Bonum</a></i></li> <li><i>Bad Dreams III</i></li> <li><i>Flute-Music, with an Accompaniment</i></li> <li><i>Epilogue</i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baylor.edu/browninglibrary/index.php?id=942647">"Robert Wiedeman Barrett (Pen) Browning (1849–1912)"</a>. Armstrong Browning Library and Museum, Baylor University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Wiedeman+Barrett+%28Pen%29+Browning+%281849%E2%80%931912%29&rft.pub=Armstrong+Browning+Library+and+Museum%2C+Baylor+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baylor.edu%2Fbrowninglibrary%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D942647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JW86-2ZV">"FamilySearch.org"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FamilySearch" title="FamilySearch">FamilySearch</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FamilySearch&rft.atitle=FamilySearch.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AJW86-2ZV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karlin9-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin9_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Browning, Robert. Ed. Karlin, Daniel (2004) <i>Selected Poems</i> Penguin, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/biography/robert-browning-dlb2/"><i>Robert Browning Biography</i></a> – via bookrags.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookrags.com%2Fbiography%2Frobert-browning-dlb2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maynard-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maynard_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Maynard, <i>Browning's Youth</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dared and done: the marriage of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning</i> Knopf, 1995, University of Michigan, p. 112. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-41602-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-41602-9">978-0-679-41602-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The dramatic imagination of Robert Browning: a literary life</i>, 2007. Richard S. Kennedy, Donald S. Hair, University of Missouri Press, p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1691-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1691-9">0-8262-1691-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesterton1951" class="citation book cs1">Chesterton, G K (1951) [1903]. <i>Robert Browning</i>. London: Macmillan Interactive Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-02118-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-02118-7"><bdi>978-0-333-02118-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+Interactive+Publishing&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=978-0-333-02118-7&rft.aulast=Chesterton&rft.aufirst=G+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2009" class="citation book cs1">Browning, Robert (2009). Roberts, Adam; Karlin, Daniel (eds.). <i>The Major Works</i>. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955469-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955469-0"><bdi>978-0-19-955469-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Major+Works&rft.series=Oxford+World%27s+Classics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955469-0&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheCambridge1907-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheCambridge1907_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheCambridge1907_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"III". <i>The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 volumes (published 1907–1921)</i>. Vol. XIII.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=III&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+English+and+American+Literature+in+18+volumes+%28published+1907%E2%80%931921%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson" class="citation web cs1">Stevenson, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britlitwiki.wikispaces.com/Robert+Browning">"Robert Browning"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritlitwiki.wikispaces.com%2FRobert%2BBrowning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Browning_Poetical_Works_1833–1864_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Jack1970" class="citation book cs1">Ian Jack, ed. (1970). "Introduction and Chronology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/browningpoetical00brow"><i>Browning Poetical Works 1833–1864</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-254165-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-254165-9"><bdi>978-0-19-254165-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/108532">108532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+and+Chronology&rft.btitle=Browning+Poetical+Works+1833%E2%80%931864&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F108532&rft.isbn=978-0-19-254165-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrowningpoetical00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1974" class="citation journal cs1">Sanders, Charles Richard (1974). "The Carlyle-Browning correspondence and relationship. I". <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Manchester</i> (Periodical). <b>57</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">213–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.57.1.8">10.7227/BJRL.57.1.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28212026">community.28212026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library%2C+Manchester&rft.atitle=The+Carlyle-Browning+correspondence+and+relationship.+I&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.57.1.8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fcommunity.28212026%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Charles+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1975" class="citation journal cs1">Sanders, Charles Richard (1975). "The Carlyle-Browning correspondence and relationship. II". <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Manchester</i> (Periodical). <b>57</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">430–</span>462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.57.2.9">10.7227/BJRL.57.2.9</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28212035">community.28212035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library%2C+Manchester&rft.atitle=The+Carlyle-Browning+correspondence+and+relationship.+II&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E430-%3C%2Fspan%3E462&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.57.2.9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fcommunity.28212035%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Charles+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Browning, Robert. Ed. Karlin, Daniel (2004) Selected Poems Penguin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karlin10-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin10_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Browning, Robert. Ed. Karlin, Daniel (2004) <i>Selected Poems</i> Penguin p10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/182">"Robert Browning"</a>. <i>poets.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poets.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fpoet.php%2FprmPID%2F182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peterson, William S. <i>Sonnets From The Portuguese</i>. Massachusetts: Barre Publishing, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_Browning-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Browning_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Browning_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolfordKarlin2014" class="citation book cs1">Woolford, John; Karlin, Daniel (2014). <i>Robert Browning</i>. Routledge. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Woolford&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Karlin%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowden1904" class="citation book cs1">Dowden, Edward (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013444744"><i>Robert Browning</i></a>. J.M. Dent & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013444744/page/n136">109</a>–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.pages=109-111&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Dowden&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924013444744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolfordKarlin2014" class="citation book cs1">Woolford, John; Karlin, Daniel (2014). <i>Robert Browning</i>. Routledge. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Woolford&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Karlin%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowden1904" class="citation book cs1">Dowden, Edward (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013444744"><i>Robert Browning</i></a>. J.M. Dent & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013444744/page/n137">110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Dowden&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924013444744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isobel Armstrong, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315775883/victorian-poetry-isobel-armstrong">Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poetics and Politics</a></i> (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Joseph Hankinson, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgac014">King Multitude: Browning and <i>Coriolanus</i></a>', <i>Essays in Criticism</i>, vol. 72, iss. 2 (2022), pp. 148–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everett-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-everett_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everett_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Everett, Glenn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/rb/rbrelge.html">Browning's Religious Views</a> at <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Web" title="Victorian Web">Victorian Web</a>. Retrieved 19 February 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dommet-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dommet_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Domett, Alfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/rb/religionov.html">Robert Browning's Religious Context and Belief</a>, cited at <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Web" title="Victorian Web">Victorian Web</a>. Retrieved 19 February 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas1989-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1989_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Serrell_Thomas" title="Donald Serrell Thomas">Donald Serrell Thomas</a>. (1989). <i>Robert Browning: A Life Within Life</i>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 157–158. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79639-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79639-8">978-0-297-79639-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Casey_(academic)" title="John Casey (academic)">John Casey</a>. (2009). <i>After Lives: A Guide to Heaven, Hell and Purgatory</i>. Oxford. p. 373. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997503-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997503-7">978-0-19-997503-7</a> "The poet attended one of Home's seances where a face was materialized, which, Home's spirit guide announced, was that of Browning's dead son Browning seized the supposed materialized head, and it turned out to be the bare foot of Home. The deception was not helped by the fact that Browning never had lost a son in infancy."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a>. (1911). <i>The Newer Spiritualism</i>. Henry Holt and Company. p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a>. (2011 reprint edition). Originally published in 1924. <i>A Magician Among the Spirits</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-02748-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-02748-9">978-1-108-02748-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lamont_(historian)" title="Peter Lamont (historian)">Peter Lamont</a>. (2005). <i>The First Psychic: The Extraordinary Mystery of a Notorious Victorian Wizard</i>. Little, Brown & Company. p. 50. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-72834-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-72834-8">978-0-316-72834-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Isa Blagden", in: <i>The Brownings' Correspondence</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.browningscorrespondence.com/biographical-sketches/?id=123.">Retrieved 13 May 2015.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karlin11-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karlin11_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Browning, Robert. Ed. Karlin, Daniel (2004) <i>Selected Poems</i> Penguin p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=1545">Poetry Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051231041353/http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=1545">Archived</a> 31 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivan Kreilkamp, <i>Voice and the Victorian storyteller</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 190. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85193-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85193-0">978-0-521-85193-0</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gmxYAAAAMAAJ&dq=edison+recording+%22robert+browning%22&pg=PA8">"The Author," Volume 3, January–December 1891. Boston: The Writer Publishing Company</a>. "Personal gossip about the writers – Browning." p. 8. Retrieved 2 May 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9Fkadd_T1A">"Speaking voice of Sir Arthur Sullivan, 1888"</a>. 29 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/b9Fkadd_T1A">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speaking+voice+of+Sir+Arthur+Sullivan%2C+1888&rft.date=2015-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Db9Fkadd_T1A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t7JEAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22IX+SOLILOQUY+OF+THE+SPANISH+CLOISTER+BY+ROBERT+BROWNING%22&pg=PA63">Soliloquy in a Spanish Cloister</a>, full text on Google Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning1970" class="citation book cs1">Browning (1970). "Introduction". In Ian Jack (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/browningpoetical00brow"><i>Browning Poetical Works 1833–1864</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-254165-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-254165-9"><bdi>978-0-19-254165-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/108532">108532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Browning+Poetical+Works+1833%E2%80%931864&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F108532&rft.isbn=978-0-19-254165-9&rft.au=Browning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrowningpoetical00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom2004-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom2004_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> (2004). <i>The Best Poems of the English Language: From Chaucer through Robert Frost</i>. HarperCollins. pp. 656–657. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054042-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054042-5">978-0-06-054042-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annmarie Drury, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/translation-as-transformation-in-victorian-poetry/6ACC482C79F3D40E401DAB5339CD9B3E">Translation as Transformation in Victorian Poetry</a></i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015); Hédi A. Jaouad, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-92648-3">Browning Upon Arabia: A Moveable East</a></i> (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHankinson2023" class="citation book cs1">Hankinson, Joseph (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-18776-6"><i>Kojo Laing, Robert Browning and Affiliative Literature</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-18776-6">10.1007/978-3-031-18776-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-18775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-18775-9"><bdi>978-3-031-18775-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254625651">254625651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kojo+Laing%2C+Robert+Browning+and+Affiliative+Literature&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254625651%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-18776-6&rft.isbn=978-3-031-18775-9&rft.aulast=Hankinson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-18776-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burgess, Anthony <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/15th-april-1966/19/sage-and-mage-of-the-steam-age">Sage and Mage of the Steam Age</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>, 14 April 1966, p. 19. Retrieved 19 October 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zWPvwuOGA4EC&dq=Prospice+banfield&pg=PA54">Banfield, Stephen. <i>Sensibility and English Song</i> (1985), p.54</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicwebinternational.com/2023/03/prospice-meridian/">Meridian Records Duo DUOCD89026 (1994)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laphil.com/musicdb/pieces/3085/robert-browning-overture">Robert Browning Overture</a>, Los Angeles Philharmonic, John Henken, accessed 29 August 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qlC1AAAAIAAJ&q=margaret+hoberg"><i>Robert Browning: A Bibliography, 1830–1950</i></a>. Cornell University Press. 1953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning%3A+A+Bibliography%2C+1830%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqlC1AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmargaret%2Bhoberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice1920" class="citation book cs1">Office, Library of Congress Copyright (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jnQAAAAMAAJ&dq=parting+at+morning+anne+stratton&pg=PA760"><i>Catalog of Copyright Entries</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalog+of+Copyright+Entries&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=Library+of+Congress+Copyright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4jnQAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dparting%2Bat%2Bmorning%2Banne%2Bstratton%26pg%3DPA760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesier1932" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Besier" title="Rudolf Besier">Besier, Rudolf</a> (1932) [1930]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/besierr-barrettsofwimpolestreet/besierr-barrettsofwimpolestreet-00-h.html"><i>The Barretts of Wimpole Street, A Comedy in Five Acts</i></a>. London: Victor Gollancz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barretts+of+Wimpole+Street%2C+A+Comedy+in+Five+Acts&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Victor+Gollancz&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Besier&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.ca%2Febooks%2Fbesierr-barrettsofwimpolestreet%2Fbesierr-barrettsofwimpolestreet-00-h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/795759266">"Exploring the limits of the human through science fiction"</a>. <i>www.worldcat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+limits+of+the+human+through+science+fiction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F795759266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716210428/http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/leisureandculture/greenplaques/">"City of Westminster green plaques"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/leisureandculture/greenplaques/">the original</a> on 16 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Westminster+green+plaques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.gov.uk%2Fservices%2Fleisureandculture%2Fgreenplaques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b29299731"><i>Paracelsus</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Effingham_Wilson" title="Effingham Wilson">Effingham Wilson</a>. 1835. <q>Robert Browning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paracelsus&rft.pub=Effingham+Wilson&rft.date=1835&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb29299731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Robert Browning". <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/Robert_Browning"><i>Robert Browning, in Cartoon Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Men of the Day</i></a>. Illustrated by <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Frederick_Waddy" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Frederick Waddy">Waddy, Frederick</a>. London: Tinsley Brothers. 1873<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robert+Browning&rft.btitle=Robert+Browning%2C+in+Cartoon+Portraits+and+Biographical+Sketches+of+Men+of+the+Day&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Tinsley+Brothers&rft.date=1873&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FCartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day%2FRobert_Browning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Berdoe" title="Edward Berdoe">Berdoe, Edward</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/browningcyclope00berdgoog">The Browning Cyclopædia</a>.</i> 3rd ed. (Swan Sonnenschein, 1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Birrell, Augustine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/obiterdicta01birr/page/55/mode/1up?view=theater">"On the Alleged Obscurity of Mr. Bowning's Poetry," from <i>Obiter Dicta</i></a>. New York, Chas. Scribner's Sons, 1885.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton, G. K</a>. <i>Robert Browning</i> (Macmillan, 1903)</li> <li>DeVane, William Clyde. <i>A Browning Handbook</i>. 2nd ed. (Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowden" title="Edward Dowden">Dowden, Edward</a>. <i>Robert Browning</i> (J.M. Dent & Company, 1904)</li> <li>Drew, Philip. <i>The Poetry of Robert Browning: A critical introduction.</i> (Methuen, 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Finlayson" title="Iain Finlayson">Finlayson, Iain</a>. <i>Browning: A Private Life.</i> (HarperCollins, 2004)</li> <li>Garrett, Martin (ed.). <i>Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning: Interviews and Recollections</i>. (Macmillan, 2000)</li> <li>Garrett, Martin. <i>Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning</i>. (British Library Writers' Lives Series). (British Library, 2001)</li> <li>Hudson, Gertrude Reese. <i>Robert Browning's Literary Life From First Work to Masterpiece.</i> (Texas, 1992)</li> <li>Karlin, Daniel. <i>The Courtship of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett.</i> (Oxford, 1985)</li> <li>Kelley, Philip et al. (eds.) <i>The Brownings' Correspondence.</i> 29 vols. to date. (Wedgestone, 1984–) (Complete letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning, so far to 1861.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Paton_Ker1905" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._P._Ker" title="W. P. Ker">William Paton Ker</a> (1905). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Essays_and_studies:_by_members_of_the_English_Association/Browning" class="extiw" title="s:Essays and studies: by members of the English Association/Browning">Browning</a>". <i>Essays and studies: by members of the English Association</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">70–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-1746">1359-1746</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107801431" class="extiw" title="d:Q107801431">Q107801431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Essays+and+studies%3A+by+members+of+the+English+Association&rft.atitle=Browning&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=1905&rft.issn=1359-1746&rft.au=William+Paton+Ker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Browning" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Litzinger, Boyd and Smalley, Donald (eds.) <i>Robert Browning: the Critical Heritage</i>. (Routledge, 1995)</li> <li>Markus, Julia. <i>Dared and Done: the Marriage of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning</i>. (Bloomsbury, 1995)</li> <li>Maynard, John. <i>Browning's Youth.</i> (Harvard Univ. Press, 1977)</li> <li>Neville-Sington, Pamela. <i>Robert Browning: A Life After Death</i>. (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Richardson" title="Joanna Richardson">Richardson, Joanna</a>. <i>The Brownings: A Biography Compiled from Contemporary Sources</i>. (Folio Society, 1986)</li> <li>Ryals, Clyde de L. <i>The Life of Robert Browning: a Critical Biography.</i> (Blackwell, 1993)</li> <li>Woolford, John and Karlin, Daniel. <i>Robert Browning</i>. (Longman, 1996)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">poetry portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Robert Browning</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" class="extiw" title="c:Robert Browning">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_Browning" class="extiw" title="q:Robert Browning">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Robert_Browning" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Robert Browning">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233265" class="extiw" title="d:Q233265">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anthologydev.lib.virginia.edu/browse.html?facet-author=Browning%2C%20Robert">Selected commonly-anthologized poems with facsimile page images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051231041353/http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=1545">Profile and poems written and audio at the Poetry Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=891">Profile and poems at the Poetry Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/182">Profile and poems at Poets.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.browningguide.com/">The Brownings: A Research Guide (Baylor University)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/ab-letters">The Browning Letters Project (Baylor University)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Modern%20Papers/Browning/browning01.asp">The Browning Collection at Balliol College, University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.browningsociety.org/">The Browning Society</a></li> <li>Archival Material at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections-explore/7345/robert_browning_holograph_poems">Leeds University Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/146">Robert Browning</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Browning%2C%20Robert">Works by Robert Browning</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Browning%2C%20Robert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20Browning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Browning%2C%20Robert%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20Browning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Browning%2C%20R%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20Browning%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Browning%2C%20Robert%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20Browning%22%29%20OR%20%28%221812-1889%22%20AND%20Browning%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Robert Browning</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/76">Works by Robert Browning</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/browning/section5.rhtml">An analysis of "Home Thoughts, From Abroad"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00020.xml/">Browning archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604150348/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/">Archived</a> 4 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas at Austin">The University of Texas at Austin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/poetryperformance/browning/robertbrowning.html">The British Library – Robert Browning read by Robert Hardy and Greg Wise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530045045/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/poetryperformance/browning/robertbrowning.html">Archived</a> 30 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hear audio recordings of Browning's poetry with accompanying biography and discussion</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.brownings" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.brownings">Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning Collection</a>. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Robert_Browning75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Browning" title="Template:Robert Browning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Browning" title="Template talk:Robert Browning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Browning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Browning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Browning75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Browning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Strafford_(play)" title="Strafford (play)">Strafford</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Passes" title="Pippa Passes">Pippa Passes</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Victor_and_King_Charles" title="King Victor and King Charles">King Victor and King Charles</a></i> (1842)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Druses" title="The Return of the Druses">The Return of the Druses</a></i> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Blot_in_the_%27Scutcheon" title="A Blot in the 'Scutcheon">A Blot in the 'Scutcheon</a></i> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colombe%27s_Birthday" title="Colombe's Birthday">Colombe's Birthday</a></i> (1844)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luria_(play)" title="Luria (play)">Luria</a></i> (1846)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Soul%27s_Tragedy" title="A Soul's Tragedy">A Soul's Tragedy</a></i> (1846)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_a_Balcony" title="In a Balcony">In a Balcony</a></i> (1855)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Browning_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Robert_Browning_1865.jpg/78px-Robert_Browning_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Robert_Browning_1865.jpg/117px-Robert_Browning_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Robert_Browning_1865.jpg/156px-Robert_Browning_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry collections<br />and poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pauline:_A_Fragment_of_a_Confession" title="Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession">Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession</a></i> (1833)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus_(poem)" title="Paracelsus (poem)">Paracelsus</a></i> (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Porphyria%27s_Lover" title="Porphyria's Lover">Porphyria's Lover</a>" (1836)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Johannes_Agricola_in_Meditation" title="Johannes Agricola in Meditation">Johannes Agricola in Meditation</a>" (1836)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sordello_(poem)" title="Sordello (poem)">Sordello</a></i> (1840)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Lyrics">Dramatic Lyrics</a></i> (1842, "<a href="/wiki/My_Last_Duchess" title="My Last Duchess">My Last Duchess</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Soliloquy_of_the_Spanish_Cloister" title="Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister">Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Count_Gismond" title="Count Gismond">Count Gismond</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Romances_and_Lyrics" title="Dramatic Romances and Lyrics">Dramatic Romances and Lyrics</a></i> (1845, "<a href="/wiki/Home_Thoughts_from_Abroad" title="Home Thoughts from Abroad">Home-Thoughts, from Abroad</a>", "<a href="/wiki/How_They_Brought_the_Good_News_from_Ghent_to_Aix" title="How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix">How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Meeting_at_Night" title="Meeting at Night">Meeting at Night</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Laboratory" title="The Laboratory">The Laboratory</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Leader_(poem)" title="The Lost Leader (poem)">The Lost Leader</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas-Eve_and_Easter-Day" title="Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day">Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day</a></i> (1850)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_and_Women_(poetry_collection)" title="Men and Women (poetry collection)">Men and Women</a></i> (1855, <a href="/wiki/Love_Among_the_Ruins_(poem)" title="Love Among the Ruins (poem)">"Love Among the Ruins"</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Hope" title="Evelyn Hope">Evelyn Hope</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Childe_Roland_to_the_Dark_Tower_Came" title="Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came">Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Sarto_(poem)" title="Andrea del Sarto (poem)">Andrea del Sarto</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Fra_Lippo_Lippi_(poem)" title="Fra Lippo Lippi (poem)">Fra Lippo Lippi</a>", "<a href="/wiki/A_Toccata_of_Galuppi%27s" title="A Toccata of Galuppi's">A Toccata of Galuppi's</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_Person%C3%A6_(poetry_collection)" title="Dramatis Personæ (poetry collection)">Dramatis Personæ</a></i> (1864, "<a href="/wiki/Rabbi_ben_Ezra" title="Rabbi ben Ezra">Rabbi ben Ezra</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Caliban_upon_Setebos" title="Caliban upon Setebos">Caliban upon Setebos</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_and_the_Book" title="The Ring and the Book">The Ring and the Book</a></i> (1868–9)</li> <li><i>Balaustion's Adventure</i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hohenstiel-Schwangau,_Saviour_of_Society" title="Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society">Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifine_at_the_Fair" title="Fifine at the Fair">Fifine at the Fair</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Cotton_Night-Cap_Country" title="Red Cotton Night-Cap Country">Red Cotton Night-Cap Country</a></i> (1873)</li> <li><i>Aristophanes' Apology</i> (1875)</li> <li><i>The Inn Album</i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacchiarotto,_and_How_He_Worked_in_Distemper" title="Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper">Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i>The Agamemnon of Aeschylus</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>La Saisiaz</i> and <i>The Two Poets of Croisic</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Dramatic Idyls</i> (1879, 1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jocoseria" title="Jocoseria">Jocoseria</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferishtah%27s_Fancies" title="Ferishtah's Fancies">Ferishtah's Fancies</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i>Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day</i> (1887)</li> <li><i>Asolando</i> (1889)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Society" title="Browning Society">Browning Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Browning_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong Browning Library">Armstrong Browning Library, collections and papers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></i> (1853 sculpture)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street">The Barretts of Wimpole Street</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1934_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)">1934 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1957_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)">1957 film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barrett_Browning" title="Robert Barrett Browning">Robert Barrett Browning</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Guidi" title="Casa Guidi">Casa Guidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning54" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Template:Elizabeth Barrett Browning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Template talk:Elizabeth Barrett Browning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth Barrett Browning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sebastian,_or,_Virtue_Rewarded" title="Sebastian, or, Virtue Rewarded">Sebastian, or, Virtue Rewarded</a>" (c. 1815, unpublished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Marathon:_A_Poem" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of Marathon: A Poem">The Battle of Marathon: A Poem</a></i> (1820)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sabbath_Morning_at_Sea" title="Sabbath Morning at Sea">Sabbath Morning at Sea</a>" (1839)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Child_Asleep" title="A Child Asleep">A Child Asleep</a>" (1840)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonnets_from_the_Portuguese" title="Sonnets from the Portuguese">Sonnets from the Portuguese</a></i> (1850)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Leigh" title="Aurora Leigh">Aurora Leigh</a></i> (1856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Browning <small>(husband)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barrett_Browning" title="Robert Barrett Browning">Robert Barrett Browning <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Guidi" title="Casa Guidi">Casa Guidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Browning_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong Browning Library">Armstrong Browning Library, collections and papers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clasped_Hands_of_Robert_and_Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></i> (1853 sculpture)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street">The Barretts of Wimpole Street</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1934_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)">1934 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1957_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)">1957 film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning:_A_Biography" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography">Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two-Way_Mirror_(book)" title="Two-Way Mirror (book)">Two-Way Mirror: The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4412" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233265#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120999083">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24598774">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34203/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCmg6R77WyJRxKyPfXh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118515780">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043688">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894226r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894226r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434601">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Browning, Robert <1812-1889>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV075536">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35022958">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20010090078&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000131273&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000131274&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1154148">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/17666">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068458878">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90242162">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000018892&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000099099">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=118652">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199603719">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqssk6x4st79zp">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810532615005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/126367">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259013805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518644406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14439004">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00694828?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500064807">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/568ad646-1198-48dd-a159-68d7a2c9f83a">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102334">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118515780">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/796947">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118515780.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118515780">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026755491">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w37tk4">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&oldid=1269165522">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&oldid=1269165522</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Robert_Browning" title="Category:Robert Browning">Robert Browning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1812_births" title="Category:1812 births">1812 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1889_deaths" title="Category:1889 deaths">1889 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_English_poets" title="Category:19th-century English poets">19th-century English poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victorian_poets" title="Category:Victorian poets">Victorian poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_English_writers" title="Category:19th-century English writers">19th-century English writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:English people of Scottish descent">English people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:English people of German descent">English people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Category:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford">Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_University_College_London" title="Category:Alumni of University College London">Alumni of University College London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Camberwell" title="Category:People from Camberwell">People from Camberwell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey" title="Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey">Burials at Westminster Abbey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_male_poets" title="Category:English male poets">English male poets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use Oxford spelling from January 2018">Use Oxford spelling from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2019">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 January 2025, at 10:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Browning&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Browning</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>55 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-567b97b4dc-fq6h2","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.852","walltime":"1.242","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6374,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":116071,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8235,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":159620,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":4,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1065.910 1 -total"," 26.11% 278.325 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.34% 259.495 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 23.94% 255.147 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.65% 102.857 7 Template:Cite_web"," 9.63% 102.680 1 Template:Marriage"," 8.12% 86.521 3 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 7.40% 78.827 1 Template:Robert_Browning"," 7.19% 76.688 2 Template:Navbox"," 6.81% 72.542 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.490","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11759072,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n1 1 William Paton Ker\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-775cfc968-bw4dl","timestamp":"20250211195630","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Robert Browning","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Browning","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233265","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233265","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-09T16:08:41Z","dateModified":"2025-01-13T10:17:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Robert_Browning_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_circa_1888.jpg","headline":"English poet and playwright (1812\u20131889)"}</script> </body> </html>