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Disponible en 15 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9" title="دراسة بالملاحظة (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دراسة بالملاحظة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estudiu_observacional" title="Estudiu observacional (asturiano)" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estudiu observacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beobachtungsstudie" title="Beobachtungsstudie (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beobachtungsstudie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_study" title="Observational study (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Observational study" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مطالعه مشاهده‌ای (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مطالعه مشاهده‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रेक्षण विधि (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रेक्षण विधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajian_observasional" 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href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badania_obserwacyjne" title="Badania obserwacyjne (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Badania obserwacyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_observacional" title="Ciência observacional (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciência observacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Обсервационное исследование (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обсервационное 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de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p>Los <b>estudios observacionales</b> son estudios de carácter <a href="/wiki/Estad%C3%ADstico" title="Estadístico">estadístico</a> y <a href="/wiki/Demograf%C3%ADa" title="Demografía">demográficos</a>, ya sean de tipo <a href="/wiki/Sociol%C3%B3gico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociológico">sociológico</a> o <a href="/wiki/Biol%C3%B3gico" class="mw-redirect" title="Biológico">biológico</a> -<a href="/wiki/Estudio_epidemiol%C3%B3gico" title="Estudio epidemiológico">estudios epidemiológicos</a>- en los que no hay intervención por parte del <a href="/wiki/Investigador" title="Investigador">investigador</a>, y este se limita a medir las <a href="/wiki/Variable_estad%C3%ADstica" title="Variable estadística">variables</a> que define en el estudio. </p><p>Un estudio observacional puede ser <a href="/wiki/Estudio_descriptivo" title="Estudio descriptivo">descriptivo</a> o <a href="/wiki/Estudio_anal%C3%ADtico" title="Estudio analítico">analítico</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipos_de_estudios_observacionales">Tipos de estudios observacionales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudio_observacional&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Tipos de estudios observacionales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los estudios epidemiológicos u observacionales pueden ser de dos tipos, dependiendo del momento en que se llevan a cabo y de la información disponible en cada caso:<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Estudios_longitudinales" class="mw-redirect" title="Estudios longitudinales">Estudios longitudinales</a></b>: Se desarrollan durante un "período" definido de tiempo y suponen trabajar con dos bloques de información relativos a la misma población, la existente al comienzo del período en estudio y la existente al final de ese período (p.e. estudios de historia demográfica y biométrica, fecundidad, mortalidad...). Estos pueden ser a su vez:<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_1-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estudio_caso_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Estudio caso control">Estudio caso control</a>: Son "retrospectivos".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estudio_de_cohorte" title="Estudio de cohorte">Estudio de cohorte</a>: Son de carácter "prospectivo".</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Estudios_transversales" class="mw-redirect" title="Estudios transversales">Estudios transversales</a></b>: Se desarrollan en un "momento" concreto del tiempo. Son los <a href="/wiki/Estudio_de_prevalencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Estudio de prevalencia">estudios de prevalencia</a>. (p.e. <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mides_de_poblaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirámides de población">pirámides de población</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_1-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ventajas_de_los_estudios_observacionales">Ventajas de los estudios observacionales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudio_observacional&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Ventajas de los estudios observacionales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los estudios observacionales, </p> <ol><li>Son más prácticos y factibles de realizar ya que la cooperación de los sujetos es menos necesaria</li> <li>Sus resultados son más generalizables a poblaciones geográfica o demográficamente definidas, lo que permite que este tipo de estudios sean apropiados para establecer metas de <a href="/wiki/Salud_p%C3%BAblica" title="Salud pública">salud pública</a> orientadas a una determinada acción.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inconveniente_de_los_estudios_observacionales">Inconveniente de los estudios observacionales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudio_observacional&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Inconveniente de los estudios observacionales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Escaso control de las influencias de los <a href="/wiki/Factor_de_confusi%C3%B3n" title="Factor de confusión">factores de confusión</a> sobre los resultados del estudio.</li> <li>Debido a la falta de control por parte del investigador, cada estudio observacional tiende a ser único, siendo muy difícil reproducir los resultados por otro investigador.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudio_observacional&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rice-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.es/books?id=ZnHbCKUCtSUC&lpg=PA20&dq=estudios%20longitudinales&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q=estudios%20longitudinales&f=false">Desarrollo humano: estudio del ciclo vital, F. Philip Rice, pág. 20 y 21</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudio_observacional&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estudio_longitudinal" title="Estudio longitudinal">Estudio longitudinal</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_reproductiva" title="Revolución reproductiva">Revolución reproductiva</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estudio_transversal" title="Estudio transversal">Estudio transversal</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_de_poblaci%C3%B3n" title="Pirámide de población">Pirámide de población</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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