CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-ZA"> <head> <script async src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mappings = []; mappings[1] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[1, 1], [1, 2]]) .build(); mappings[2] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90], [1000, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[320, 100], [728, 90]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); mappings[3] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1000, 250], [1000, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[320, 100], [728, 90]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); mappings[4] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[300, 250]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50]]) .build(); mappings[5] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([400, 0], [300, 250], [320, 50]) .build(); mappings[6] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90], [1000, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90], [728, 250]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[300, 250], [300, 600], [320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); mappings[7] = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .addSize([400, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); var mapping6 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([992, 0], [[728, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90]]) .addSize([480, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); var anchorSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/2800188/MG/news', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.BOTTOM_ANCHOR); // Defining the sticky footer ad slot if (anchorSlot) { // Checking if anchor slot is supported and declaring it if it is supported anchorSlot. defineSizeMapping(mapping6). setTargeting('Pos', 'Anchor'). addService(googletag.pubads()); } googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-wallpaper', [1, 1], 'div-gpt-ad-wallpaper') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[1]) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Pos', ['Wallpaper']); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-banner-1', [320, 100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-1') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[2]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-banner-2', [320, 100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-2') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[3]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-banner-3', [320, 100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-3') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[7]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-banner-4', [320, 100], 'div-gpt-ad-banner-4') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[3]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-block-1', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-block-1') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[5]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-ad-block-3', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-block-3') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[4]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/2800188/MG/news/div-gpt-thirdparty', [1, 2], 'div-gpt-ad-thirdparty') .defineSizeMapping(mappings[1]) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Pos', ['thirdparty']); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('PageType', ['Article']); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Tag', ['Council On Higher Education,Education,Higher Education,Unemployment,University']); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Category', ['Education']); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('PageType', ['Category']) googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); // googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false); googletag.pubads().setCentering(true); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 200, // Fetch slots within 2 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 100, // Render slots within 1 viewports. mobileScaling: 1.0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script>  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/6fd4334d-00-are-sas-university-professors-a-bunch-of-socialists.jpeg" />  <script async src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e588797e94.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="A437A16184F18CD99B8D3E3D44D2E748" />  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-5R89TX6'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4T82DGZ11F"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-4T82DGZ11F'); </script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>Education – The Mail & Guardian</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Mail & Guardian » Feed" href="https://mg.co.za/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Mail & Guardian » Comments Feed" href="https://mg.co.za/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Mail & Guardian » Education Category Feed" href="https://mg.co.za/section/education/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-aff-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/assets/css/xoo-aff-style.css?ver=2.0.1' media='all' /> <style id='xoo-aff-style-inline-css'> .xoo-aff-input-group .xoo-aff-input-icon{ background-color: #eee; color: #555; max-width: 40px; min-width: 40px; border-color: #ccc; border-width: 1px; font-size: 14px; } .xoo-aff-group{ margin-bottom: 15px; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"], .xoo-aff-group select, .xoo-aff-group select + .select2, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"], .xoo-aff-group input[type="file"]{ background-color: #fff; color: #777; border-width: 1px; border-color: #cccccc; height: 50px; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="file"]{ line-height: calc(50px - 13px); } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group select::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group .select2-selection__rendered, .xoo-aff-group .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered, .xoo-aff-group input[type="file"]::placeholder, .xoo-aff-group input::file-selector-button{ color: #777; } .xoo-aff-group input[type="text"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="password"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="email"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="number"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group select:focus, .xoo-aff-group select + .select2:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="tel"]:focus, .xoo-aff-group input[type="file"]:focus{ background-color: #ededed; color: #000; } [placeholder]:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{ color: #000!important; } .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="text"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="password"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="email"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="number"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + select, .xoo-aff-input-icon + select + .select2, .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="tel"], .xoo-aff-input-icon + input[type="file"]{ border-bottom-left-radius: 0; border-top-left-radius: 0; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-aff-font-awesome5-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/lib/fontawesome5/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-el-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/css/xoo-el-style.css?ver=2.8.5' media='all' /> <style id='xoo-el-style-inline-css'> .xoo-el-form-container button.btn.button.xoo-el-action-btn{ background-color: #d11000; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; height: 40px; } .xoo-el-container:not(.xoo-el-style-slider) .xoo-el-inmodal{ max-width: 800px; max-height: 600px; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-modal{ transform: translateX(800px); max-width: 800px; } .xoo-el-sidebar{ background-image: url(https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Mg_africa-1.jpg); min-width: 40%; } .xoo-el-main, .xoo-el-main a , .xoo-el-main label{ color: #000000; } .xoo-el-srcont{ background-color: #ffffff; } .xoo-el-form-container ul.xoo-el-tabs li.xoo-el-active { background-color: #000000; color: #ffffff; } .xoo-el-form-container ul.xoo-el-tabs li{ background-color: #eeeeee; color: #000000; font-size: 16px; padding: 12px 20px; } .xoo-el-main{ padding: 40px 30px; } .xoo-el-form-container button.xoo-el-action-btn:not(.button){ font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; } .xoo-el-modal:before { vertical-align: middle; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-srcont { justify-content: center; } .xoo-el-style-slider .xoo-el-main{ padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; } .xoo-el-popup-active .xoo-el-opac{ opacity: 0.7; background-color: #000000; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='xoo-el-fonts-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/css/xoo-el-fonts.css?ver=2.8.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-general-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/assets/css/cookieblocker.min.css?ver=1736720129' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='load-more-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/style_load_more.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/mg/style.css?v=170724&ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/mg/fontawesome/css/all.min.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main-css' href='https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/assets/dist/main.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="xoo-aff-js-js-extra"> var xoo_aff_localize = {"adminurl":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","countries":"{\"AF\":\"Afghanistan\",\"AX\":\"\u00c5land Islands\",\"AL\":\"Albania\",\"DZ\":\"Algeria\",\"AS\":\"American Samoa\",\"AD\":\"Andorra\",\"AO\":\"Angola\",\"AI\":\"Anguilla\",\"AQ\":\"Antarctica\",\"AG\":\"Antigua and Barbuda\",\"AR\":\"Argentina\",\"AM\":\"Armenia\",\"AW\":\"Aruba\",\"AU\":\"Australia\",\"AT\":\"Austria\",\"AZ\":\"Azerbaijan\",\"BS\":\"Bahamas\",\"BH\":\"Bahrain\",\"BD\":\"Bangladesh\",\"BB\":\"Barbados\",\"BY\":\"Belarus\",\"BE\":\"Belgium\",\"PW\":\"Belau\",\"BZ\":\"Belize\",\"BJ\":\"Benin\",\"BM\":\"Bermuda\",\"BT\":\"Bhutan\",\"BO\":\"Bolivia\",\"BQ\":\"Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba\",\"BA\":\"Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\"BW\":\"Botswana\",\"BV\":\"Bouvet Island\",\"BR\":\"Brazil\",\"IO\":\"British Indian Ocean Territory\",\"BN\":\"Brunei\",\"BG\":\"Bulgaria\",\"BF\":\"Burkina Faso\",\"BI\":\"Burundi\",\"KH\":\"Cambodia\",\"CM\":\"Cameroon\",\"CA\":\"Canada\",\"CV\":\"Cape Verde\",\"KY\":\"Cayman Islands\",\"CF\":\"Central African Republic\",\"TD\":\"Chad\",\"CL\":\"Chile\",\"CN\":\"China\",\"CX\":\"Christmas Island\",\"CC\":\"Cocos (Keeling) Islands\",\"CO\":\"Colombia\",\"KM\":\"Comoros\",\"CG\":\"Congo (Brazzaville)\",\"CD\":\"Congo (Kinshasa)\",\"CK\":\"Cook Islands\",\"CR\":\"Costa Rica\",\"HR\":\"Croatia\",\"CU\":\"Cuba\",\"CW\":\"Cura\u00e7ao\",\"CY\":\"Cyprus\",\"CZ\":\"Czech Republic\",\"DK\":\"Denmark\",\"DJ\":\"Djibouti\",\"DM\":\"Dominica\",\"DO\":\"Dominican Republic\",\"EC\":\"Ecuador\",\"EG\":\"Egypt\",\"SV\":\"El Salvador\",\"GQ\":\"Equatorial Guinea\",\"ER\":\"Eritrea\",\"EE\":\"Estonia\",\"ET\":\"Ethiopia\",\"FK\":\"Falkland Islands\",\"FO\":\"Faroe Islands\",\"FJ\":\"Fiji\",\"FI\":\"Finland\",\"FR\":\"France\",\"GF\":\"French Guiana\",\"PF\":\"French Polynesia\",\"TF\":\"French Southern Territories\",\"GA\":\"Gabon\",\"GM\":\"Gambia\",\"GE\":\"Georgia\",\"DE\":\"Germany\",\"GH\":\"Ghana\",\"GI\":\"Gibraltar\",\"GR\":\"Greece\",\"GL\":\"Greenland\",\"GD\":\"Grenada\",\"GP\":\"Guadeloupe\",\"GU\":\"Guam\",\"GT\":\"Guatemala\",\"GG\":\"Guernsey\",\"GN\":\"Guinea\",\"GW\":\"Guinea-Bissau\",\"GY\":\"Guyana\",\"HT\":\"Haiti\",\"HM\":\"Heard Island and McDonald Islands\",\"HN\":\"Honduras\",\"HK\":\"Hong Kong\",\"HU\":\"Hungary\",\"IS\":\"Iceland\",\"IN\":\"India\",\"ID\":\"Indonesia\",\"IR\":\"Iran\",\"IQ\":\"Iraq\",\"IE\":\"Ireland\",\"IM\":\"Isle of Man\",\"IL\":\"Israel\",\"IT\":\"Italy\",\"CI\":\"Ivory Coast\",\"JM\":\"Jamaica\",\"JP\":\"Japan\",\"JE\":\"Jersey\",\"JO\":\"Jordan\",\"KZ\":\"Kazakhstan\",\"KE\":\"Kenya\",\"KI\":\"Kiribati\",\"KW\":\"Kuwait\",\"KG\":\"Kyrgyzstan\",\"LA\":\"Laos\",\"LV\":\"Latvia\",\"LB\":\"Lebanon\",\"LS\":\"Lesotho\",\"LR\":\"Liberia\",\"LY\":\"Libya\",\"LI\":\"Liechtenstein\",\"LT\":\"Lithuania\",\"LU\":\"Luxembourg\",\"MO\":\"Macao S.A.R., China\",\"MK\":\"North Macedonia\",\"MG\":\"Madagascar\",\"MW\":\"Malawi\",\"MY\":\"Malaysia\",\"MV\":\"Maldives\",\"ML\":\"Mali\",\"MT\":\"Malta\",\"MH\":\"Marshall Islands\",\"MQ\":\"Martinique\",\"MR\":\"Mauritania\",\"MU\":\"Mauritius\",\"YT\":\"Mayotte\",\"MX\":\"Mexico\",\"FM\":\"Micronesia\",\"MD\":\"Moldova\",\"MC\":\"Monaco\",\"MN\":\"Mongolia\",\"ME\":\"Montenegro\",\"MS\":\"Montserrat\",\"MA\":\"Morocco\",\"MZ\":\"Mozambique\",\"MM\":\"Myanmar\",\"NA\":\"Namibia\",\"NR\":\"Nauru\",\"NP\":\"Nepal\",\"NL\":\"Netherlands\",\"NC\":\"New Caledonia\",\"NZ\":\"New Zealand\",\"NI\":\"Nicaragua\",\"NE\":\"Niger\",\"NG\":\"Nigeria\",\"NU\":\"Niue\",\"NF\":\"Norfolk Island\",\"MP\":\"Northern Mariana Islands\",\"KP\":\"North Korea\",\"NO\":\"Norway\",\"OM\":\"Oman\",\"PK\":\"Pakistan\",\"PS\":\"Palestinian Territory\",\"PA\":\"Panama\",\"PG\":\"Papua New Guinea\",\"PY\":\"Paraguay\",\"PE\":\"Peru\",\"PH\":\"Philippines\",\"PN\":\"Pitcairn\",\"PL\":\"Poland\",\"PT\":\"Portugal\",\"PR\":\"Puerto Rico\",\"QA\":\"Qatar\",\"RE\":\"Reunion\",\"RO\":\"Romania\",\"RU\":\"Russia\",\"RW\":\"Rwanda\",\"BL\":\"Saint Barth\u00e9lemy\",\"SH\":\"Saint Helena\",\"KN\":\"Saint Kitts and Nevis\",\"LC\":\"Saint Lucia\",\"MF\":\"Saint Martin (French part)\",\"SX\":\"Saint Martin (Dutch part)\",\"PM\":\"Saint Pierre and Miquelon\",\"VC\":\"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\",\"SM\":\"San Marino\",\"ST\":\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe\",\"SA\":\"Saudi Arabia\",\"SN\":\"Senegal\",\"RS\":\"Serbia\",\"SC\":\"Seychelles\",\"SL\":\"Sierra Leone\",\"SG\":\"Singapore\",\"SK\":\"Slovakia\",\"SI\":\"Slovenia\",\"SB\":\"Solomon Islands\",\"SO\":\"Somalia\",\"ZA\":\"South Africa\",\"GS\":\"South Georgia\\\/Sandwich Islands\",\"KR\":\"South Korea\",\"SS\":\"South Sudan\",\"ES\":\"Spain\",\"LK\":\"Sri Lanka\",\"SD\":\"Sudan\",\"SR\":\"Suriname\",\"SJ\":\"Svalbard and Jan Mayen\",\"SZ\":\"Swaziland\",\"SE\":\"Sweden\",\"CH\":\"Switzerland\",\"SY\":\"Syria\",\"TW\":\"Taiwan\",\"TJ\":\"Tajikistan\",\"TZ\":\"Tanzania\",\"TH\":\"Thailand\",\"TL\":\"Timor-Leste\",\"TG\":\"Togo\",\"TK\":\"Tokelau\",\"TO\":\"Tonga\",\"TT\":\"Trinidad and Tobago\",\"TN\":\"Tunisia\",\"TR\":\"Turkey\",\"TM\":\"Turkmenistan\",\"TC\":\"Turks and Caicos Islands\",\"TV\":\"Tuvalu\",\"UG\":\"Uganda\",\"UA\":\"Ukraine\",\"AE\":\"United Arab Emirates\",\"GB\":\"United Kingdom (UK)\",\"US\":\"United States (US)\",\"UM\":\"United States (US) Minor Outlying Islands\",\"UY\":\"Uruguay\",\"UZ\":\"Uzbekistan\",\"VU\":\"Vanuatu\",\"VA\":\"Vatican\",\"VE\":\"Venezuela\",\"VN\":\"Vietnam\",\"VG\":\"Virgin Islands (British)\",\"VI\":\"Virgin Islands (US)\",\"WF\":\"Wallis and Futuna\",\"EH\":\"Western Sahara\",\"WS\":\"Samoa\",\"YE\":\"Yemen\",\"ZM\":\"Zambia\",\"ZW\":\"Zimbabwe\"}","states":"{\"AF\":[],\"AO\":{\"BGO\":\"Bengo\",\"BLU\":\"Benguela\",\"BIE\":\"Bi\\u00e9\",\"CAB\":\"Cabinda\",\"CNN\":\"Cunene\",\"HUA\":\"Huambo\",\"HUI\":\"Hu\\u00edla\",\"CCU\":\"Kuando Kubango\",\"CNO\":\"Kwanza-Norte\",\"CUS\":\"Kwanza-Sul\",\"LUA\":\"Luanda\",\"LNO\":\"Lunda-Norte\",\"LSU\":\"Lunda-Sul\",\"MAL\":\"Malanje\",\"MOX\":\"Moxico\",\"NAM\":\"Namibe\",\"UIG\":\"U\\u00edge\",\"ZAI\":\"Zaire\"},\"AR\":{\"C\":\"Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires\",\"B\":\"Buenos Aires\",\"K\":\"Catamarca\",\"H\":\"Chaco\",\"U\":\"Chubut\",\"X\":\"C\u00f3rdoba\",\"W\":\"Corrientes\",\"E\":\"Entre R\u00edos\",\"P\":\"Formosa\",\"Y\":\"Jujuy\",\"L\":\"La Pampa\",\"F\":\"La Rioja\",\"M\":\"Mendoza\",\"N\":\"Misiones\",\"Q\":\"Neuqu\u00e9n\",\"R\":\"R\u00edo Negro\",\"A\":\"Salta\",\"J\":\"San Juan\",\"D\":\"San Luis\",\"Z\":\"Santa Cruz\",\"S\":\"Santa Fe\",\"G\":\"Santiago del Estero\",\"V\":\"Tierra del Fuego\",\"T\":\"Tucum\u00e1n\"},\"AT\":[],\"AU\":{\"ACT\":\"Australian Capital Territory\",\"NSW\":\"New South Wales\",\"NT\":\"Northern Territory\",\"QLD\":\"Queensland\",\"SA\":\"South Australia\",\"TAS\":\"Tasmania\",\"VIC\":\"Victoria\",\"WA\":\"Western Australia\"},\"AX\":[],\"BD\":{\"BD-05\":\"Bagerhat\",\"BD-01\":\"Bandarban\",\"BD-02\":\"Barguna\",\"BD-06\":\"Barishal\",\"BD-07\":\"Bhola\",\"BD-03\":\"Bogura\",\"BD-04\":\"Brahmanbaria\",\"BD-09\":\"Chandpur\",\"BD-10\":\"Chattogram\",\"BD-12\":\"Chuadanga\",\"BD-11\":\"Cox's Bazar\",\"BD-08\":\"Cumilla\",\"BD-13\":\"Dhaka\",\"BD-14\":\"Dinajpur\",\"BD-15\":\"Faridpur \",\"BD-16\":\"Feni\",\"BD-19\":\"Gaibandha\",\"BD-18\":\"Gazipur\",\"BD-17\":\"Gopalganj\",\"BD-20\":\"Habiganj\",\"BD-21\":\"Jamalpur\",\"BD-22\":\"Jashore\",\"BD-25\":\"Jhalokati\",\"BD-23\":\"Jhenaidah\",\"BD-24\":\"Joypurhat\",\"BD-29\":\"Khagrachhari\",\"BD-27\":\"Khulna\",\"BD-26\":\"Kishoreganj\",\"BD-28\":\"Kurigram\",\"BD-30\":\"Kushtia\",\"BD-31\":\"Lakshmipur\",\"BD-32\":\"Lalmonirhat\",\"BD-36\":\"Madaripur\",\"BD-37\":\"Magura\",\"BD-33\":\"Manikganj \",\"BD-39\":\"Meherpur\",\"BD-38\":\"Moulvibazar\",\"BD-35\":\"Munshiganj\",\"BD-34\":\"Mymensingh\",\"BD-48\":\"Naogaon\",\"BD-43\":\"Narail\",\"BD-40\":\"Narayanganj\",\"BD-42\":\"Narsingdi\",\"BD-44\":\"Natore\",\"BD-45\":\"Nawabganj\",\"BD-41\":\"Netrakona\",\"BD-46\":\"Nilphamari\",\"BD-47\":\"Noakhali\",\"BD-49\":\"Pabna\",\"BD-52\":\"Panchagarh\",\"BD-51\":\"Patuakhali\",\"BD-50\":\"Pirojpur\",\"BD-53\":\"Rajbari\",\"BD-54\":\"Rajshahi\",\"BD-56\":\"Rangamati\",\"BD-55\":\"Rangpur\",\"BD-58\":\"Satkhira\",\"BD-62\":\"Shariatpur\",\"BD-57\":\"Sherpur\",\"BD-59\":\"Sirajganj\",\"BD-61\":\"Sunamganj\",\"BD-60\":\"Sylhet\",\"BD-63\":\"Tangail\",\"BD-64\":\"Thakurgaon\"},\"BE\":[],\"BG\":{\"BG-01\":\"Blagoevgrad\",\"BG-02\":\"Burgas\",\"BG-08\":\"Dobrich\",\"BG-07\":\"Gabrovo\",\"BG-26\":\"Haskovo\",\"BG-09\":\"Kardzhali\",\"BG-10\":\"Kyustendil\",\"BG-11\":\"Lovech\",\"BG-12\":\"Montana\",\"BG-13\":\"Pazardzhik\",\"BG-14\":\"Pernik\",\"BG-15\":\"Pleven\",\"BG-16\":\"Plovdiv\",\"BG-17\":\"Razgrad\",\"BG-18\":\"Ruse\",\"BG-27\":\"Shumen\",\"BG-19\":\"Silistra\",\"BG-20\":\"Sliven\",\"BG-21\":\"Smolyan\",\"BG-23\":\"Sofia\",\"BG-22\":\"Sofia-Grad\",\"BG-24\":\"Stara Zagora\",\"BG-25\":\"Targovishte\",\"BG-03\":\"Varna\",\"BG-04\":\"Veliko Tarnovo\",\"BG-05\":\"Vidin\",\"BG-06\":\"Vratsa\",\"BG-28\":\"Yambol\"},\"BH\":[],\"BI\":[],\"BO\":{\"B\":\"Chuquisaca\",\"H\":\"Beni\",\"C\":\"Cochabamba\",\"L\":\"La Paz\",\"O\":\"Oruro\",\"N\":\"Pando\",\"P\":\"Potos\\u00ed\",\"S\":\"Santa Cruz\",\"T\":\"Tarija\"},\"BR\":{\"AC\":\"Acre\",\"AL\":\"Alagoas\",\"AP\":\"Amap\u00e1\",\"AM\":\"Amazonas\",\"BA\":\"Bahia\",\"CE\":\"Cear\u00e1\",\"DF\":\"Distrito Federal\",\"ES\":\"Esp\u00edrito Santo\",\"GO\":\"Goi\u00e1s\",\"MA\":\"Maranh\u00e3o\",\"MT\":\"Mato Grosso\",\"MS\":\"Mato Grosso do Sul\",\"MG\":\"Minas Gerais\",\"PA\":\"Par\u00e1\",\"PB\":\"Para\u00edba\",\"PR\":\"Paran\u00e1\",\"PE\":\"Pernambuco\",\"PI\":\"Piau\u00ed\",\"RJ\":\"Rio de Janeiro\",\"RN\":\"Rio Grande do Norte\",\"RS\":\"Rio Grande do Sul\",\"RO\":\"Rond\u00f4nia\",\"RR\":\"Roraima\",\"SC\":\"Santa Catarina\",\"SP\":\"S\u00e3o Paulo\",\"SE\":\"Sergipe\",\"TO\":\"Tocantins\"},\"CA\":{\"AB\":\"Alberta\",\"BC\":\"British Columbia\",\"MB\":\"Manitoba\",\"NB\":\"New Brunswick\",\"NL\":\"Newfoundland and Labrador\",\"NT\":\"Northwest Territories\",\"NS\":\"Nova Scotia\",\"NU\":\"Nunavut\",\"ON\":\"Ontario\",\"PE\":\"Prince Edward Island\",\"QC\":\"Quebec\",\"SK\":\"Saskatchewan\",\"YT\":\"Yukon Territory\"},\"CH\":{\"AG\":\"Aargau\",\"AR\":\"Appenzell Ausserrhoden\",\"AI\":\"Appenzell Innerrhoden\",\"BL\":\"Basel-Landschaft\",\"BS\":\"Basel-Stadt\",\"BE\":\"Bern\",\"FR\":\"Fribourg\",\"GE\":\"Geneva\",\"GL\":\"Glarus\",\"GR\":\"Graub\u00fcnden\",\"JU\":\"Jura\",\"LU\":\"Luzern\",\"NE\":\"Neuch\u00e2tel\",\"NW\":\"Nidwalden\",\"OW\":\"Obwalden\",\"SH\":\"Schaffhausen\",\"SZ\":\"Schwyz\",\"SO\":\"Solothurn\",\"SG\":\"St. Gallen\",\"TG\":\"Thurgau\",\"TI\":\"Ticino\",\"UR\":\"Uri\",\"VS\":\"Valais\",\"VD\":\"Vaud\",\"ZG\":\"Zug\",\"ZH\":\"Z\u00fcrich\"},\"CN\":{\"CN1\":\"Yunnan \\\/ \u4e91\u5357\",\"CN2\":\"Beijing \\\/ \u5317\u4eac\",\"CN3\":\"Tianjin \\\/ \u5929\u6d25\",\"CN4\":\"Hebei \\\/ \u6cb3\u5317\",\"CN5\":\"Shanxi \\\/ \u5c71\u897f\",\"CN6\":\"Inner Mongolia \\\/ \u5167\u8499\u53e4\",\"CN7\":\"Liaoning \\\/ \u8fbd\u5b81\",\"CN8\":\"Jilin \\\/ \u5409\u6797\",\"CN9\":\"Heilongjiang \\\/ \u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\",\"CN10\":\"Shanghai \\\/ \u4e0a\u6d77\",\"CN11\":\"Jiangsu \\\/ \u6c5f\u82cf\",\"CN12\":\"Zhejiang \\\/ \u6d59\u6c5f\",\"CN13\":\"Anhui \\\/ \u5b89\u5fbd\",\"CN14\":\"Fujian \\\/ \u798f\u5efa\",\"CN15\":\"Jiangxi \\\/ \u6c5f\u897f\",\"CN16\":\"Shandong \\\/ \u5c71\u4e1c\",\"CN17\":\"Henan \\\/ \u6cb3\u5357\",\"CN18\":\"Hubei \\\/ \u6e56\u5317\",\"CN19\":\"Hunan \\\/ \u6e56\u5357\",\"CN20\":\"Guangdong \\\/ \u5e7f\u4e1c\",\"CN21\":\"Guangxi Zhuang \\\/ \u5e7f\u897f\u58ee\u65cf\",\"CN22\":\"Hainan \\\/ \u6d77\u5357\",\"CN23\":\"Chongqing \\\/ \u91cd\u5e86\",\"CN24\":\"Sichuan \\\/ \u56db\u5ddd\",\"CN25\":\"Guizhou \\\/ \u8d35\u5dde\",\"CN26\":\"Shaanxi \\\/ \u9655\u897f\",\"CN27\":\"Gansu \\\/ \u7518\u8083\",\"CN28\":\"Qinghai \\\/ \u9752\u6d77\",\"CN29\":\"Ningxia Hui \\\/ \u5b81\u590f\",\"CN30\":\"Macau \\\/ \u6fb3\u95e8\",\"CN31\":\"Tibet \\\/ \u897f\u85cf\",\"CN32\":\"Xinjiang \\\/ \u65b0\u7586\"},\"CZ\":[],\"DE\":[],\"DK\":[],\"EE\":[],\"ES\":{\"C\":\"A Coru\u00f1a\",\"VI\":\"Araba\\\/\u00c1lava\",\"AB\":\"Albacete\",\"A\":\"Alicante\",\"AL\":\"Almer\u00eda\",\"O\":\"Asturias\",\"AV\":\"\u00c1vila\",\"BA\":\"Badajoz\",\"PM\":\"Baleares\",\"B\":\"Barcelona\",\"BU\":\"Burgos\",\"CC\":\"C\u00e1ceres\",\"CA\":\"C\u00e1diz\",\"S\":\"Cantabria\",\"CS\":\"Castell\u00f3n\",\"CE\":\"Ceuta\",\"CR\":\"Ciudad Real\",\"CO\":\"C\u00f3rdoba\",\"CU\":\"Cuenca\",\"GI\":\"Girona\",\"GR\":\"Granada\",\"GU\":\"Guadalajara\",\"SS\":\"Gipuzkoa\",\"H\":\"Huelva\",\"HU\":\"Huesca\",\"J\":\"Ja\u00e9n\",\"LO\":\"La Rioja\",\"GC\":\"Las Palmas\",\"LE\":\"Le\u00f3n\",\"L\":\"Lleida\",\"LU\":\"Lugo\",\"M\":\"Madrid\",\"MA\":\"M\u00e1laga\",\"ML\":\"Melilla\",\"MU\":\"Murcia\",\"NA\":\"Navarra\",\"OR\":\"Ourense\",\"P\":\"Palencia\",\"PO\":\"Pontevedra\",\"SA\":\"Salamanca\",\"TF\":\"Santa Cruz de Tenerife\",\"SG\":\"Segovia\",\"SE\":\"Sevilla\",\"SO\":\"Soria\",\"T\":\"Tarragona\",\"TE\":\"Teruel\",\"TO\":\"Toledo\",\"V\":\"Valencia\",\"VA\":\"Valladolid\",\"BI\":\"Bizkaia\",\"ZA\":\"Zamora\",\"Z\":\"Zaragoza\"},\"FI\":[],\"FR\":[],\"GP\":[],\"GR\":{\"I\":\"\\u0391\\u03c4\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae\",\"A\":\"\\u0391\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03bb\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u0398\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03ba\\u03b7\",\"B\":\"\\u039a\\u03b5\\u03bd\\u03c4\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"C\":\"\\u0394\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u039c\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"D\":\"\\u0389\\u03c0\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c2\",\"E\":\"\\u0398\\u03b5\\u03c3\\u03c3\\u03b1\\u03bb\\u03af\\u03b1\",\"F\":\"\\u0399\\u03cc\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03bf\\u03b9 \\u039d\\u03ae\\u03c3\\u03bf\\u03b9\",\"G\":\"\\u0394\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u0395\\u03bb\\u03bb\\u03ac\\u03b4\\u03b1\",\"H\":\"\\u03a3\\u03c4\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03b5\\u03ac \\u0395\\u03bb\\u03bb\\u03ac\\u03b4\\u03b1\",\"J\":\"\\u03a0\\u03b5\\u03bb\\u03bf\\u03c0\\u03cc\\u03bd\\u03bd\\u03b7\\u03c3\\u03bf\\u03c2\",\"K\":\"\\u0392\\u03cc\\u03c1\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03bf \\u0391\\u03b9\\u03b3\\u03b1\\u03af\\u03bf\",\"L\":\"\\u039d\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03bf \\u0391\\u03b9\\u03b3\\u03b1\\u03af\\u03bf\",\"M\":\"\\u039a\\u03c1\\u03ae\\u03c4\\u03b7\"},\"GF\":[],\"HK\":{\"HONG KONG\":\"Hong Kong Island\",\"KOWLOON\":\"Kowloon\",\"NEW TERRITORIES\":\"New Territories\"},\"HU\":{\"BK\":\"B\\u00e1cs-Kiskun\",\"BE\":\"B\\u00e9k\\u00e9s\",\"BA\":\"Baranya\",\"BZ\":\"Borsod-Aba\\u00faj-Zempl\\u00e9n\",\"BU\":\"Budapest\",\"CS\":\"Csongr\\u00e1d\",\"FE\":\"Fej\\u00e9r\",\"GS\":\"Gy\\u0151r-Moson-Sopron\",\"HB\":\"Hajd\\u00fa-Bihar\",\"HE\":\"Heves\",\"JN\":\"J\\u00e1sz-Nagykun-Szolnok\",\"KE\":\"Kom\\u00e1rom-Esztergom\",\"NO\":\"N\\u00f3gr\\u00e1d\",\"PE\":\"Pest\",\"SO\":\"Somogy\",\"SZ\":\"Szabolcs-Szatm\\u00e1r-Bereg\",\"TO\":\"Tolna\",\"VA\":\"Vas\",\"VE\":\"Veszpr\\u00e9m\",\"ZA\":\"Zala\"},\"ID\":{\"AC\":\"Daerah Istimewa Aceh\",\"SU\":\"Sumatera Utara\",\"SB\":\"Sumatera Barat\",\"RI\":\"Riau\",\"KR\":\"Kepulauan Riau\",\"JA\":\"Jambi\",\"SS\":\"Sumatera Selatan\",\"BB\":\"Bangka Belitung\",\"BE\":\"Bengkulu\",\"LA\":\"Lampung\",\"JK\":\"DKI Jakarta\",\"JB\":\"Jawa Barat\",\"BT\":\"Banten\",\"JT\":\"Jawa Tengah\",\"JI\":\"Jawa Timur\",\"YO\":\"Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta\",\"BA\":\"Bali\",\"NB\":\"Nusa Tenggara Barat\",\"NT\":\"Nusa Tenggara Timur\",\"KB\":\"Kalimantan Barat\",\"KT\":\"Kalimantan Tengah\",\"KI\":\"Kalimantan Timur\",\"KS\":\"Kalimantan Selatan\",\"KU\":\"Kalimantan Utara\",\"SA\":\"Sulawesi Utara\",\"ST\":\"Sulawesi Tengah\",\"SG\":\"Sulawesi Tenggara\",\"SR\":\"Sulawesi Barat\",\"SN\":\"Sulawesi Selatan\",\"GO\":\"Gorontalo\",\"MA\":\"Maluku\",\"MU\":\"Maluku Utara\",\"PA\":\"Papua\",\"PB\":\"Papua Barat\"},\"IE\":{\"CW\":\"Carlow\",\"CN\":\"Cavan\",\"CE\":\"Clare\",\"CO\":\"Cork\",\"DL\":\"Donegal\",\"D\":\"Dublin\",\"G\":\"Galway\",\"KY\":\"Kerry\",\"KE\":\"Kildare\",\"KK\":\"Kilkenny\",\"LS\":\"Laois\",\"LM\":\"Leitrim\",\"LK\":\"Limerick\",\"LD\":\"Longford\",\"LH\":\"Louth\",\"MO\":\"Mayo\",\"MH\":\"Meath\",\"MN\":\"Monaghan\",\"OY\":\"Offaly\",\"RN\":\"Roscommon\",\"SO\":\"Sligo\",\"TA\":\"Tipperary\",\"WD\":\"Waterford\",\"WH\":\"Westmeath\",\"WX\":\"Wexford\",\"WW\":\"Wicklow\"},\"IN\":{\"AP\":\"Andhra Pradesh\",\"AR\":\"Arunachal Pradesh\",\"AS\":\"Assam\",\"BR\":\"Bihar\",\"CT\":\"Chhattisgarh\",\"GA\":\"Goa\",\"GJ\":\"Gujarat\",\"HR\":\"Haryana\",\"HP\":\"Himachal Pradesh\",\"JK\":\"Jammu and Kashmir\",\"JH\":\"Jharkhand\",\"KA\":\"Karnataka\",\"KL\":\"Kerala\",\"MP\":\"Madhya Pradesh\",\"MH\":\"Maharashtra\",\"MN\":\"Manipur\",\"ML\":\"Meghalaya\",\"MZ\":\"Mizoram\",\"NL\":\"Nagaland\",\"OR\":\"Orissa\",\"PB\":\"Punjab\",\"RJ\":\"Rajasthan\",\"SK\":\"Sikkim\",\"TN\":\"Tamil Nadu\",\"TS\":\"Telangana\",\"TR\":\"Tripura\",\"UK\":\"Uttarakhand\",\"UP\":\"Uttar Pradesh\",\"WB\":\"West Bengal\",\"AN\":\"Andaman and Nicobar Islands\",\"CH\":\"Chandigarh\",\"DN\":\"Dadra and Nagar Haveli\",\"DD\":\"Daman and Diu\",\"DL\":\"Delhi\",\"LD\":\"Lakshadeep\",\"PY\":\"Pondicherry (Puducherry)\"},\"IR\":{\"KHZ\":\"Khuzestan (\\u062e\\u0648\\u0632\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"THR\":\"Tehran (\\u062a\\u0647\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"ILM\":\"Ilaam (\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0627\\u0645)\",\"BHR\":\"Bushehr (\\u0628\\u0648\\u0634\\u0647\\u0631)\",\"ADL\":\"Ardabil (\\u0627\\u0631\\u062f\\u0628\\u06cc\\u0644)\",\"ESF\":\"Isfahan (\\u0627\\u0635\\u0641\\u0647\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"YZD\":\"Yazd (\\u06cc\\u0632\\u062f)\",\"KRH\":\"Kermanshah (\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646\\u0634\\u0627\\u0647)\",\"KRN\":\"Kerman (\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0645\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"HDN\":\"Hamadan (\\u0647\\u0645\\u062f\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"GZN\":\"Ghazvin (\\u0642\\u0632\\u0648\\u06cc\\u0646)\",\"ZJN\":\"Zanjan (\\u0632\\u0646\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"LRS\":\"Luristan (\\u0644\\u0631\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"ABZ\":\"Alborz (\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0631\\u0632)\",\"EAZ\":\"East Azarbaijan (\\u0622\\u0630\\u0631\\u0628\\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0634\\u0631\\u0642\\u06cc)\",\"WAZ\":\"West Azarbaijan (\\u0622\\u0630\\u0631\\u0628\\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646 \\u063a\\u0631\\u0628\\u06cc)\",\"CHB\":\"Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (\\u0686\\u0647\\u0627\\u0631\\u0645\\u062d\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u062e\\u062a\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc)\",\"SKH\":\"South Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u062c\\u0646\\u0648\\u0628\\u06cc)\",\"RKH\":\"Razavi Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0631\\u0636\\u0648\\u06cc)\",\"NKH\":\"North Khorasan (\\u062e\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0634\\u0645\\u0627\\u0644\\u06cc)\",\"SMN\":\"Semnan (\\u0633\\u0645\\u0646\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"FRS\":\"Fars (\\u0641\\u0627\\u0631\\u0633)\",\"QHM\":\"Qom (\\u0642\\u0645)\",\"KRD\":\"Kurdistan \\\/ \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"KBD\":\"Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad (\\u06a9\\u0647\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0648\\u06cc\\u06cc\\u0647 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u0648\\u06cc\\u0631\\u0627\\u062d\\u0645\\u062f)\",\"GLS\":\"Golestan (\\u06af\\u0644\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"GIL\":\"Gilan (\\u06af\\u06cc\\u0644\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"MZN\":\"Mazandaran (\\u0645\\u0627\\u0632\\u0646\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"MKZ\":\"Markazi (\\u0645\\u0631\\u06a9\\u0632\\u06cc)\",\"HRZ\":\"Hormozgan (\\u0647\\u0631\\u0645\\u0632\\u06af\\u0627\\u0646)\",\"SBN\":\"Sistan and Baluchestan (\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0648 \\u0628\\u0644\\u0648\\u0686\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646)\"},\"IS\":[],\"IT\":{\"AG\":\"Agrigento\",\"AL\":\"Alessandria\",\"AN\":\"Ancona\",\"AO\":\"Aosta\",\"AR\":\"Arezzo\",\"AP\":\"Ascoli Piceno\",\"AT\":\"Asti\",\"AV\":\"Avellino\",\"BA\":\"Bari\",\"BT\":\"Barletta-Andria-Trani\",\"BL\":\"Belluno\",\"BN\":\"Benevento\",\"BG\":\"Bergamo\",\"BI\":\"Biella\",\"BO\":\"Bologna\",\"BZ\":\"Bolzano\",\"BS\":\"Brescia\",\"BR\":\"Brindisi\",\"CA\":\"Cagliari\",\"CL\":\"Caltanissetta\",\"CB\":\"Campobasso\",\"CE\":\"Caserta\",\"CT\":\"Catania\",\"CZ\":\"Catanzaro\",\"CH\":\"Chieti\",\"CO\":\"Como\",\"CS\":\"Cosenza\",\"CR\":\"Cremona\",\"KR\":\"Crotone\",\"CN\":\"Cuneo\",\"EN\":\"Enna\",\"FM\":\"Fermo\",\"FE\":\"Ferrara\",\"FI\":\"Firenze\",\"FG\":\"Foggia\",\"FC\":\"Forl\\u00ec-Cesena\",\"FR\":\"Frosinone\",\"GE\":\"Genova\",\"GO\":\"Gorizia\",\"GR\":\"Grosseto\",\"IM\":\"Imperia\",\"IS\":\"Isernia\",\"SP\":\"La Spezia\",\"AQ\":\"L'Aquila\",\"LT\":\"Latina\",\"LE\":\"Lecce\",\"LC\":\"Lecco\",\"LI\":\"Livorno\",\"LO\":\"Lodi\",\"LU\":\"Lucca\",\"MC\":\"Macerata\",\"MN\":\"Mantova\",\"MS\":\"Massa-Carrara\",\"MT\":\"Matera\",\"ME\":\"Messina\",\"MI\":\"Milano\",\"MO\":\"Modena\",\"MB\":\"Monza e della Brianza\",\"NA\":\"Napoli\",\"NO\":\"Novara\",\"NU\":\"Nuoro\",\"OR\":\"Oristano\",\"PD\":\"Padova\",\"PA\":\"Palermo\",\"PR\":\"Parma\",\"PV\":\"Pavia\",\"PG\":\"Perugia\",\"PU\":\"Pesaro e Urbino\",\"PE\":\"Pescara\",\"PC\":\"Piacenza\",\"PI\":\"Pisa\",\"PT\":\"Pistoia\",\"PN\":\"Pordenone\",\"PZ\":\"Potenza\",\"PO\":\"Prato\",\"RG\":\"Ragusa\",\"RA\":\"Ravenna\",\"RC\":\"Reggio Calabria\",\"RE\":\"Reggio Emilia\",\"RI\":\"Rieti\",\"RN\":\"Rimini\",\"RM\":\"Roma\",\"RO\":\"Rovigo\",\"SA\":\"Salerno\",\"SS\":\"Sassari\",\"SV\":\"Savona\",\"SI\":\"Siena\",\"SR\":\"Siracusa\",\"SO\":\"Sondrio\",\"SU\":\"Sud Sardegna\",\"TA\":\"Taranto\",\"TE\":\"Teramo\",\"TR\":\"Terni\",\"TO\":\"Torino\",\"TP\":\"Trapani\",\"TN\":\"Trento\",\"TV\":\"Treviso\",\"TS\":\"Trieste\",\"UD\":\"Udine\",\"VA\":\"Varese\",\"VE\":\"Venezia\",\"VB\":\"Verbano-Cusio-Ossola\",\"VC\":\"Vercelli\",\"VR\":\"Verona\",\"VV\":\"Vibo Valentia\",\"VI\":\"Vicenza\",\"VT\":\"Viterbo\"},\"IL\":[],\"IM\":[],\"JP\":{\"JP01\":\"Hokkaido\",\"JP02\":\"Aomori\",\"JP03\":\"Iwate\",\"JP04\":\"Miyagi\",\"JP05\":\"Akita\",\"JP06\":\"Yamagata\",\"JP07\":\"Fukushima\",\"JP08\":\"Ibaraki\",\"JP09\":\"Tochigi\",\"JP10\":\"Gunma\",\"JP11\":\"Saitama\",\"JP12\":\"Chiba\",\"JP13\":\"Tokyo\",\"JP14\":\"Kanagawa\",\"JP15\":\"Niigata\",\"JP16\":\"Toyama\",\"JP17\":\"Ishikawa\",\"JP18\":\"Fukui\",\"JP19\":\"Yamanashi\",\"JP20\":\"Nagano\",\"JP21\":\"Gifu\",\"JP22\":\"Shizuoka\",\"JP23\":\"Aichi\",\"JP24\":\"Mie\",\"JP25\":\"Shiga\",\"JP26\":\"Kyoto\",\"JP27\":\"Osaka\",\"JP28\":\"Hyogo\",\"JP29\":\"Nara\",\"JP30\":\"Wakayama\",\"JP31\":\"Tottori\",\"JP32\":\"Shimane\",\"JP33\":\"Okayama\",\"JP34\":\"Hiroshima\",\"JP35\":\"Yamaguchi\",\"JP36\":\"Tokushima\",\"JP37\":\"Kagawa\",\"JP38\":\"Ehime\",\"JP39\":\"Kochi\",\"JP40\":\"Fukuoka\",\"JP41\":\"Saga\",\"JP42\":\"Nagasaki\",\"JP43\":\"Kumamoto\",\"JP44\":\"Oita\",\"JP45\":\"Miyazaki\",\"JP46\":\"Kagoshima\",\"JP47\":\"Okinawa\"},\"KR\":[],\"KW\":[],\"LB\":[],\"LR\":{\"BM\":\"Bomi\",\"BN\":\"Bong\",\"GA\":\"Gbarpolu\",\"GB\":\"Grand Bassa\",\"GC\":\"Grand Cape Mount\",\"GG\":\"Grand Gedeh\",\"GK\":\"Grand Kru\",\"LO\":\"Lofa\",\"MA\":\"Margibi\",\"MY\":\"Maryland\",\"MO\":\"Montserrado\",\"NM\":\"Nimba\",\"RV\":\"Rivercess\",\"RG\":\"River Gee\",\"SN\":\"Sinoe\"},\"LU\":[],\"MD\":{\"C\":\"Chi\u0219in\u0103u\",\"BL\":\"B\u0103l\u021bi\",\"AN\":\"Anenii Noi\",\"BS\":\"Basarabeasca\",\"BR\":\"Briceni\",\"CH\":\"Cahul\",\"CT\":\"Cantemir\",\"CL\":\"C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i\",\"CS\":\"C\u0103u\u0219eni\",\"CM\":\"Cimi\u0219lia\",\"CR\":\"Criuleni\",\"DN\":\"Dondu\u0219eni\",\"DR\":\"Drochia\",\"DB\":\"Dub\u0103sari\",\"ED\":\"Edine\u021b\",\"FL\":\"F\u0103le\u0219ti\",\"FR\":\"Flore\u0219ti\",\"GE\":\"UTA G\u0103g\u0103uzia\",\"GL\":\"Glodeni\",\"HN\":\"H\u00eence\u0219ti\",\"IL\":\"Ialoveni\",\"LV\":\"Leova\",\"NS\":\"Nisporeni\",\"OC\":\"Ocni\u021ba\",\"OR\":\"Orhei\",\"RZ\":\"Rezina\",\"RS\":\"R\u00ee\u0219cani\",\"SG\":\"S\u00eengerei\",\"SR\":\"Soroca\",\"ST\":\"Str\u0103\u0219eni\",\"SD\":\"\u0218old\u0103ne\u0219ti\",\"SV\":\"\u0218tefan Vod\u0103\",\"TR\":\"Taraclia\",\"TL\":\"Telene\u0219ti\",\"UN\":\"Ungheni\"},\"MQ\":[],\"MT\":[],\"MX\":{\"DF\":\"Ciudad de M\u00e9xico\",\"JA\":\"Jalisco\",\"NL\":\"Nuevo Le\u00f3n\",\"AG\":\"Aguascalientes\",\"BC\":\"Baja California\",\"BS\":\"Baja California Sur\",\"CM\":\"Campeche\",\"CS\":\"Chiapas\",\"CH\":\"Chihuahua\",\"CO\":\"Coahuila\",\"CL\":\"Colima\",\"DG\":\"Durango\",\"GT\":\"Guanajuato\",\"GR\":\"Guerrero\",\"HG\":\"Hidalgo\",\"MX\":\"Estado de M\u00e9xico\",\"MI\":\"Michoac\u00e1n\",\"MO\":\"Morelos\",\"NA\":\"Nayarit\",\"OA\":\"Oaxaca\",\"PU\":\"Puebla\",\"QT\":\"Quer\u00e9taro\",\"QR\":\"Quintana Roo\",\"SL\":\"San Luis Potos\u00ed\",\"SI\":\"Sinaloa\",\"SO\":\"Sonora\",\"TB\":\"Tabasco\",\"TM\":\"Tamaulipas\",\"TL\":\"Tlaxcala\",\"VE\":\"Veracruz\",\"YU\":\"Yucat\u00e1n\",\"ZA\":\"Zacatecas\"},\"MY\":{\"JHR\":\"Johor\",\"KDH\":\"Kedah\",\"KTN\":\"Kelantan\",\"LBN\":\"Labuan\",\"MLK\":\"Malacca (Melaka)\",\"NSN\":\"Negeri Sembilan\",\"PHG\":\"Pahang\",\"PNG\":\"Penang (Pulau Pinang)\",\"PRK\":\"Perak\",\"PLS\":\"Perlis\",\"SBH\":\"Sabah\",\"SWK\":\"Sarawak\",\"SGR\":\"Selangor\",\"TRG\":\"Terengganu\",\"PJY\":\"Putrajaya\",\"KUL\":\"Kuala Lumpur\"},\"NG\":{\"AB\":\"Abia\",\"FC\":\"Abuja\",\"AD\":\"Adamawa\",\"AK\":\"Akwa Ibom\",\"AN\":\"Anambra\",\"BA\":\"Bauchi\",\"BY\":\"Bayelsa\",\"BE\":\"Benue\",\"BO\":\"Borno\",\"CR\":\"Cross River\",\"DE\":\"Delta\",\"EB\":\"Ebonyi\",\"ED\":\"Edo\",\"EK\":\"Ekiti\",\"EN\":\"Enugu\",\"GO\":\"Gombe\",\"IM\":\"Imo\",\"JI\":\"Jigawa\",\"KD\":\"Kaduna\",\"KN\":\"Kano\",\"KT\":\"Katsina\",\"KE\":\"Kebbi\",\"KO\":\"Kogi\",\"KW\":\"Kwara\",\"LA\":\"Lagos\",\"NA\":\"Nasarawa\",\"NI\":\"Niger\",\"OG\":\"Ogun\",\"ON\":\"Ondo\",\"OS\":\"Osun\",\"OY\":\"Oyo\",\"PL\":\"Plateau\",\"RI\":\"Rivers\",\"SO\":\"Sokoto\",\"TA\":\"Taraba\",\"YO\":\"Yobe\",\"ZA\":\"Zamfara\"},\"NL\":[],\"NO\":[],\"NP\":{\"BAG\":\"Bagmati\",\"BHE\":\"Bheri\",\"DHA\":\"Dhaulagiri\",\"GAN\":\"Gandaki\",\"JAN\":\"Janakpur\",\"KAR\":\"Karnali\",\"KOS\":\"Koshi\",\"LUM\":\"Lumbini\",\"MAH\":\"Mahakali\",\"MEC\":\"Mechi\",\"NAR\":\"Narayani\",\"RAP\":\"Rapti\",\"SAG\":\"Sagarmatha\",\"SET\":\"Seti\"},\"NZ\":{\"NL\":\"Northland\",\"AK\":\"Auckland\",\"WA\":\"Waikato\",\"BP\":\"Bay of Plenty\",\"TK\":\"Taranaki\",\"GI\":\"Gisborne\",\"HB\":\"Hawke\u2019s Bay\",\"MW\":\"Manawatu-Wanganui\",\"WE\":\"Wellington\",\"NS\":\"Nelson\",\"MB\":\"Marlborough\",\"TM\":\"Tasman\",\"WC\":\"West Coast\",\"CT\":\"Canterbury\",\"OT\":\"Otago\",\"SL\":\"Southland\"},\"PE\":{\"CAL\":\"El Callao\",\"LMA\":\"Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima\",\"AMA\":\"Amazonas\",\"ANC\":\"Ancash\",\"APU\":\"Apur\u00edmac\",\"ARE\":\"Arequipa\",\"AYA\":\"Ayacucho\",\"CAJ\":\"Cajamarca\",\"CUS\":\"Cusco\",\"HUV\":\"Huancavelica\",\"HUC\":\"Hu\u00e1nuco\",\"ICA\":\"Ica\",\"JUN\":\"Jun\u00edn\",\"LAL\":\"La Libertad\",\"LAM\":\"Lambayeque\",\"LIM\":\"Lima\",\"LOR\":\"Loreto\",\"MDD\":\"Madre de Dios\",\"MOQ\":\"Moquegua\",\"PAS\":\"Pasco\",\"PIU\":\"Piura\",\"PUN\":\"Puno\",\"SAM\":\"San Mart\u00edn\",\"TAC\":\"Tacna\",\"TUM\":\"Tumbes\",\"UCA\":\"Ucayali\"},\"PH\":{\"ABR\":\"Abra\",\"AGN\":\"Agusan del Norte\",\"AGS\":\"Agusan del Sur\",\"AKL\":\"Aklan\",\"ALB\":\"Albay\",\"ANT\":\"Antique\",\"APA\":\"Apayao\",\"AUR\":\"Aurora\",\"BAS\":\"Basilan\",\"BAN\":\"Bataan\",\"BTN\":\"Batanes\",\"BTG\":\"Batangas\",\"BEN\":\"Benguet\",\"BIL\":\"Biliran\",\"BOH\":\"Bohol\",\"BUK\":\"Bukidnon\",\"BUL\":\"Bulacan\",\"CAG\":\"Cagayan\",\"CAN\":\"Camarines Norte\",\"CAS\":\"Camarines Sur\",\"CAM\":\"Camiguin\",\"CAP\":\"Capiz\",\"CAT\":\"Catanduanes\",\"CAV\":\"Cavite\",\"CEB\":\"Cebu\",\"COM\":\"Compostela Valley\",\"NCO\":\"Cotabato\",\"DAV\":\"Davao del Norte\",\"DAS\":\"Davao del Sur\",\"DAC\":\"Davao Occidental\",\"DAO\":\"Davao Oriental\",\"DIN\":\"Dinagat Islands\",\"EAS\":\"Eastern Samar\",\"GUI\":\"Guimaras\",\"IFU\":\"Ifugao\",\"ILN\":\"Ilocos Norte\",\"ILS\":\"Ilocos Sur\",\"ILI\":\"Iloilo\",\"ISA\":\"Isabela\",\"KAL\":\"Kalinga\",\"LUN\":\"La Union\",\"LAG\":\"Laguna\",\"LAN\":\"Lanao del Norte\",\"LAS\":\"Lanao del Sur\",\"LEY\":\"Leyte\",\"MAG\":\"Maguindanao\",\"MAD\":\"Marinduque\",\"MAS\":\"Masbate\",\"MSC\":\"Misamis Occidental\",\"MSR\":\"Misamis Oriental\",\"MOU\":\"Mountain Province\",\"NEC\":\"Negros Occidental\",\"NER\":\"Negros Oriental\",\"NSA\":\"Northern Samar\",\"NUE\":\"Nueva Ecija\",\"NUV\":\"Nueva Vizcaya\",\"MDC\":\"Occidental Mindoro\",\"MDR\":\"Oriental Mindoro\",\"PLW\":\"Palawan\",\"PAM\":\"Pampanga\",\"PAN\":\"Pangasinan\",\"QUE\":\"Quezon\",\"QUI\":\"Quirino\",\"RIZ\":\"Rizal\",\"ROM\":\"Romblon\",\"WSA\":\"Samar\",\"SAR\":\"Sarangani\",\"SIQ\":\"Siquijor\",\"SOR\":\"Sorsogon\",\"SCO\":\"South Cotabato\",\"SLE\":\"Southern Leyte\",\"SUK\":\"Sultan Kudarat\",\"SLU\":\"Sulu\",\"SUN\":\"Surigao del Norte\",\"SUR\":\"Surigao del Sur\",\"TAR\":\"Tarlac\",\"TAW\":\"Tawi-Tawi\",\"ZMB\":\"Zambales\",\"ZAN\":\"Zamboanga del Norte\",\"ZAS\":\"Zamboanga del Sur\",\"ZSI\":\"Zamboanga Sibugay\",\"00\":\"Metro Manila\"},\"PK\":{\"JK\":\"Azad Kashmir\",\"BA\":\"Balochistan\",\"TA\":\"FATA\",\"GB\":\"Gilgit Baltistan\",\"IS\":\"Islamabad Capital Territory\",\"KP\":\"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\",\"PB\":\"Punjab\",\"SD\":\"Sindh\"},\"PL\":[],\"PT\":[],\"PY\":{\"PY-ASU\":\"Asunci\u00f3n\",\"PY-1\":\"Concepci\u00f3n\",\"PY-2\":\"San Pedro\",\"PY-3\":\"Cordillera\",\"PY-4\":\"Guair\u00e1\",\"PY-5\":\"Caaguaz\u00fa\",\"PY-6\":\"Caazap\u00e1\",\"PY-7\":\"Itap\u00faa\",\"PY-8\":\"Misiones\",\"PY-9\":\"Paraguar\u00ed\",\"PY-10\":\"Alto Paran\u00e1\",\"PY-11\":\"Central\",\"PY-12\":\"\u00d1eembuc\u00fa\",\"PY-13\":\"Amambay\",\"PY-14\":\"Canindey\u00fa\",\"PY-15\":\"Presidente Hayes\",\"PY-16\":\"Alto Paraguay\",\"PY-17\":\"Boquer\u00f3n\"},\"RE\":[],\"RO\":{\"AB\":\"Alba\",\"AR\":\"Arad\",\"AG\":\"Arge\u0219\",\"BC\":\"Bac\u0103u\",\"BH\":\"Bihor\",\"BN\":\"Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud\",\"BT\":\"Boto\u0219ani\",\"BR\":\"Br\u0103ila\",\"BV\":\"Bra\u0219ov\",\"B\":\"Bucure\u0219ti\",\"BZ\":\"Buz\u0103u\",\"CL\":\"C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i\",\"CS\":\"Cara\u0219-Severin\",\"CJ\":\"Cluj\",\"CT\":\"Constan\u021ba\",\"CV\":\"Covasna\",\"DB\":\"D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba\",\"DJ\":\"Dolj\",\"GL\":\"Gala\u021bi\",\"GR\":\"Giurgiu\",\"GJ\":\"Gorj\",\"HR\":\"Harghita\",\"HD\":\"Hunedoara\",\"IL\":\"Ialomi\u021ba\",\"IS\":\"Ia\u0219i\",\"IF\":\"Ilfov\",\"MM\":\"Maramure\u0219\",\"MH\":\"Mehedin\u021bi\",\"MS\":\"Mure\u0219\",\"NT\":\"Neam\u021b\",\"OT\":\"Olt\",\"PH\":\"Prahova\",\"SJ\":\"S\u0103laj\",\"SM\":\"Satu Mare\",\"SB\":\"Sibiu\",\"SV\":\"Suceava\",\"TR\":\"Teleorman\",\"TM\":\"Timi\u0219\",\"TL\":\"Tulcea\",\"VL\":\"V\u00e2lcea\",\"VS\":\"Vaslui\",\"VN\":\"Vrancea\"},\"RS\":[],\"SG\":[],\"SK\":[],\"SI\":[],\"TH\":{\"TH-37\":\"Amnat Charoen\",\"TH-15\":\"Ang Thong\",\"TH-14\":\"Ayutthaya\",\"TH-10\":\"Bangkok\",\"TH-38\":\"Bueng Kan\",\"TH-31\":\"Buri Ram\",\"TH-24\":\"Chachoengsao\",\"TH-18\":\"Chai Nat\",\"TH-36\":\"Chaiyaphum\",\"TH-22\":\"Chanthaburi\",\"TH-50\":\"Chiang Mai\",\"TH-57\":\"Chiang Rai\",\"TH-20\":\"Chonburi\",\"TH-86\":\"Chumphon\",\"TH-46\":\"Kalasin\",\"TH-62\":\"Kamphaeng Phet\",\"TH-71\":\"Kanchanaburi\",\"TH-40\":\"Khon Kaen\",\"TH-81\":\"Krabi\",\"TH-52\":\"Lampang\",\"TH-51\":\"Lamphun\",\"TH-42\":\"Loei\",\"TH-16\":\"Lopburi\",\"TH-58\":\"Mae Hong Son\",\"TH-44\":\"Maha Sarakham\",\"TH-49\":\"Mukdahan\",\"TH-26\":\"Nakhon Nayok\",\"TH-73\":\"Nakhon Pathom\",\"TH-48\":\"Nakhon Phanom\",\"TH-30\":\"Nakhon Ratchasima\",\"TH-60\":\"Nakhon Sawan\",\"TH-80\":\"Nakhon Si Thammarat\",\"TH-55\":\"Nan\",\"TH-96\":\"Narathiwat\",\"TH-39\":\"Nong Bua Lam Phu\",\"TH-43\":\"Nong Khai\",\"TH-12\":\"Nonthaburi\",\"TH-13\":\"Pathum Thani\",\"TH-94\":\"Pattani\",\"TH-82\":\"Phang Nga\",\"TH-93\":\"Phatthalung\",\"TH-56\":\"Phayao\",\"TH-67\":\"Phetchabun\",\"TH-76\":\"Phetchaburi\",\"TH-66\":\"Phichit\",\"TH-65\":\"Phitsanulok\",\"TH-54\":\"Phrae\",\"TH-83\":\"Phuket\",\"TH-25\":\"Prachin Buri\",\"TH-77\":\"Prachuap Khiri Khan\",\"TH-85\":\"Ranong\",\"TH-70\":\"Ratchaburi\",\"TH-21\":\"Rayong\",\"TH-45\":\"Roi Et\",\"TH-27\":\"Sa Kaeo\",\"TH-47\":\"Sakon Nakhon\",\"TH-11\":\"Samut Prakan\",\"TH-74\":\"Samut Sakhon\",\"TH-75\":\"Samut Songkhram\",\"TH-19\":\"Saraburi\",\"TH-91\":\"Satun\",\"TH-17\":\"Sing Buri\",\"TH-33\":\"Sisaket\",\"TH-90\":\"Songkhla\",\"TH-64\":\"Sukhothai\",\"TH-72\":\"Suphan Buri\",\"TH-84\":\"Surat Thani\",\"TH-32\":\"Surin\",\"TH-63\":\"Tak\",\"TH-92\":\"Trang\",\"TH-23\":\"Trat\",\"TH-34\":\"Ubon Ratchathani\",\"TH-41\":\"Udon Thani\",\"TH-61\":\"Uthai Thani\",\"TH-53\":\"Uttaradit\",\"TH-95\":\"Yala\",\"TH-35\":\"Yasothon\"},\"TR\":{\"TR01\":\"Adana\",\"TR02\":\"Ad\u0131yaman\",\"TR03\":\"Afyon\",\"TR04\":\"A\u011fr\u0131\",\"TR05\":\"Amasya\",\"TR06\":\"Ankara\",\"TR07\":\"Antalya\",\"TR08\":\"Artvin\",\"TR09\":\"Ayd\u0131n\",\"TR10\":\"Bal\u0131kesir\",\"TR11\":\"Bilecik\",\"TR12\":\"Bing\u00f6l\",\"TR13\":\"Bitlis\",\"TR14\":\"Bolu\",\"TR15\":\"Burdur\",\"TR16\":\"Bursa\",\"TR17\":\"\u00c7anakkale\",\"TR18\":\"\u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\",\"TR19\":\"\u00c7orum\",\"TR20\":\"Denizli\",\"TR21\":\"Diyarbak\u0131r\",\"TR22\":\"Edirne\",\"TR23\":\"Elaz\u0131\u011f\",\"TR24\":\"Erzincan\",\"TR25\":\"Erzurum\",\"TR26\":\"Eski\u015fehir\",\"TR27\":\"Gaziantep\",\"TR28\":\"Giresun\",\"TR29\":\"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\",\"TR30\":\"Hakkari\",\"TR31\":\"Hatay\",\"TR32\":\"Isparta\",\"TR33\":\"\u0130\u00e7el\",\"TR34\":\"\u0130stanbul\",\"TR35\":\"\u0130zmir\",\"TR36\":\"Kars\",\"TR37\":\"Kastamonu\",\"TR38\":\"Kayseri\",\"TR39\":\"K\u0131rklareli\",\"TR40\":\"K\u0131r\u015fehir\",\"TR41\":\"Kocaeli\",\"TR42\":\"Konya\",\"TR43\":\"K\u00fctahya\",\"TR44\":\"Malatya\",\"TR45\":\"Manisa\",\"TR46\":\"Kahramanmara\u015f\",\"TR47\":\"Mardin\",\"TR48\":\"Mu\u011fla\",\"TR49\":\"Mu\u015f\",\"TR50\":\"Nev\u015fehir\",\"TR51\":\"Ni\u011fde\",\"TR52\":\"Ordu\",\"TR53\":\"Rize\",\"TR54\":\"Sakarya\",\"TR55\":\"Samsun\",\"TR56\":\"Siirt\",\"TR57\":\"Sinop\",\"TR58\":\"Sivas\",\"TR59\":\"Tekirda\u011f\",\"TR60\":\"Tokat\",\"TR61\":\"Trabzon\",\"TR62\":\"Tunceli\",\"TR63\":\"\u015eanl\u0131urfa\",\"TR64\":\"U\u015fak\",\"TR65\":\"Van\",\"TR66\":\"Yozgat\",\"TR67\":\"Zonguldak\",\"TR68\":\"Aksaray\",\"TR69\":\"Bayburt\",\"TR70\":\"Karaman\",\"TR71\":\"K\u0131r\u0131kkale\",\"TR72\":\"Batman\",\"TR73\":\"\u015e\u0131rnak\",\"TR74\":\"Bart\u0131n\",\"TR75\":\"Ardahan\",\"TR76\":\"I\u011fd\u0131r\",\"TR77\":\"Yalova\",\"TR78\":\"Karab\u00fck\",\"TR79\":\"Kilis\",\"TR80\":\"Osmaniye\",\"TR81\":\"D\u00fczce\"},\"TZ\":{\"TZ01\":\"Arusha\",\"TZ02\":\"Dar es Salaam\",\"TZ03\":\"Dodoma\",\"TZ04\":\"Iringa\",\"TZ05\":\"Kagera\",\"TZ06\":\"Pemba North\",\"TZ07\":\"Zanzibar North\",\"TZ08\":\"Kigoma\",\"TZ09\":\"Kilimanjaro\",\"TZ10\":\"Pemba South\",\"TZ11\":\"Zanzibar South\",\"TZ12\":\"Lindi\",\"TZ13\":\"Mara\",\"TZ14\":\"Mbeya\",\"TZ15\":\"Zanzibar West\",\"TZ16\":\"Morogoro\",\"TZ17\":\"Mtwara\",\"TZ18\":\"Mwanza\",\"TZ19\":\"Coast\",\"TZ20\":\"Rukwa\",\"TZ21\":\"Ruvuma\",\"TZ22\":\"Shinyanga\",\"TZ23\":\"Singida\",\"TZ24\":\"Tabora\",\"TZ25\":\"Tanga\",\"TZ26\":\"Manyara\",\"TZ27\":\"Geita\",\"TZ28\":\"Katavi\",\"TZ29\":\"Njombe\",\"TZ30\":\"Simiyu\"},\"LK\":[],\"SE\":[],\"US\":{\"AL\":\"Alabama\",\"AK\":\"Alaska\",\"AZ\":\"Arizona\",\"AR\":\"Arkansas\",\"CA\":\"California\",\"CO\":\"Colorado\",\"CT\":\"Connecticut\",\"DE\":\"Delaware\",\"DC\":\"District Of Columbia\",\"FL\":\"Florida\",\"GA\":\"Georgia\",\"HI\":\"Hawaii\",\"ID\":\"Idaho\",\"IL\":\"Illinois\",\"IN\":\"Indiana\",\"IA\":\"Iowa\",\"KS\":\"Kansas\",\"KY\":\"Kentucky\",\"LA\":\"Louisiana\",\"ME\":\"Maine\",\"MD\":\"Maryland\",\"MA\":\"Massachusetts\",\"MI\":\"Michigan\",\"MN\":\"Minnesota\",\"MS\":\"Mississippi\",\"MO\":\"Missouri\",\"MT\":\"Montana\",\"NE\":\"Nebraska\",\"NV\":\"Nevada\",\"NH\":\"New Hampshire\",\"NJ\":\"New Jersey\",\"NM\":\"New Mexico\",\"NY\":\"New York\",\"NC\":\"North Carolina\",\"ND\":\"North Dakota\",\"OH\":\"Ohio\",\"OK\":\"Oklahoma\",\"OR\":\"Oregon\",\"PA\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"RI\":\"Rhode Island\",\"SC\":\"South Carolina\",\"SD\":\"South Dakota\",\"TN\":\"Tennessee\",\"TX\":\"Texas\",\"UT\":\"Utah\",\"VT\":\"Vermont\",\"VA\":\"Virginia\",\"WA\":\"Washington\",\"WV\":\"West Virginia\",\"WI\":\"Wisconsin\",\"WY\":\"Wyoming\",\"AA\":\"Armed Forces (AA)\",\"AE\":\"Armed Forces (AE)\",\"AP\":\"Armed Forces (AP)\"},\"VN\":[],\"YT\":[],\"ZA\":{\"EC\":\"Eastern Cape\",\"FS\":\"Free State\",\"GP\":\"Gauteng\",\"KZN\":\"KwaZulu-Natal\",\"LP\":\"Limpopo\",\"MP\":\"Mpumalanga\",\"NC\":\"Northern Cape\",\"NW\":\"North West\",\"WC\":\"Western Cape\"}}","password_strength":{"min_password_strength":3,"i18n_password_error":"Please enter a stronger password.","i18n_password_hint":"Hint: The password should be at least twelve characters long. To make it stronger, use upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols like ! " ? $ % ^ & )."}}; </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/xoo-form-fields-fw/assets/js/xoo-aff-js.js?ver=2.0.1" id="xoo-aff-js-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/43" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://mg.co.za/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KP9VVDQ');</script>    <script type='text/javascript'> function hitsteps_gc( name ) { if (document.cookie){ var hs_cookie_split = document.cookie.split(';'); if (hs_cookie_split){ for( var i in hs_cookie_split ) { if (typeof hs_cookie_split[i] == "undefined" || typeof hs_cookie_split[i] == "function"){}else{ if( hs_cookie_split[i].indexOf( name+'=' ) != -1 ) return decodeURIComponent( hs_cookie_split[i].split('=')[1] ); }}}} return '';} _hs_uniqueid=''; ipname=''; ipnames=hitsteps_gc( 'comment_author_8511c943aad8159425b7c89f91993523' ); ipemails=hitsteps_gc( 'comment_author_email_8511c943aad8159425b7c89f91993523' ); if (ipnames!=''&&ipname=='') ipname=ipnames; if (ipemails!=''&&_hs_uniqueid=='') _hs_uniqueid=ipemails; </script> <script> (function(){ var hstc=document.createElement('script'); var hstcs='www.'; hstc.src='https://edgecdn.dev/code?code=9d25d79f67201140ef9a0f6c4dbf7e43'; hstc.async=true;hstc.defer=true; var htssc = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; htssc.parentNode.insertBefore(hstc, htssc); })(); var nochat=0; </script>  <style>.cmplz-hidden { display: none !important; }</style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'GTM-KP9VVDQ'); </script>   <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[]; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s), dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true; j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KP9VVDQ'); </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "https://mg.co.za/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://mg.co.za/?s={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script>        <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.26.5; features: additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-disabled, font_display-swap"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mg.co.za/section/education/"> <meta name="description" content="Education news of the day brought to you by the Mail & Guardian Online."> <link rel="next" href="https://mg.co.za/section/education/page/2/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Education – The Mail & Guardian"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:description" content="Education news of the day brought to you by the Mail & Guardian Online."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://mg.co.za/section/education/"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_ZA"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Mail & Guardian"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml-150x150.jpeg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/98413e17-logosml.jpeg" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> #environment .byline-single { margin-top: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0; } .img-fluid, .img-thumbnail { width:100% !important; max-width:1050px !important; } #flag-home h3 { font-family: inter, sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; letter-spacing: -1px; margin: 20px 0 10px; line-height: 1 !important; font-weight: 900 !important; color: transparent; } </style>  <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { $('#search-container form').submit(function() { $('#search-container .search-submit').addClass('loading'); }); }); </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/style.css?v=170724"> </head> <body class="archive category category-education category-43 elementor-default elementor-kit-659887">  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>    <div class="modal fade" id="searchModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="searchModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="searchModal">Search</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body text-left text-start"> <div id="search-container"> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=34e66d0ad1192414a"> </script> <div class="gcse-search"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="loginModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="loginModal">Welcome</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-inline" data-active="login"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 0 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 1">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="username"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="current-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="email"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/section/education/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> Not a subscriber? <a href="/shop/">Subscribe here</a><br /> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal fade" id="regModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="regModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="loginModal">Register Now</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body">  <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-inline" data-active="register"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 0 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 1">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="username"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="current-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="email"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/section/education/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wrapper"> <header> <div class="fix-top-wrapper">  <div class="top-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-12 social "> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" class="social-box b-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook fa-md" alt="facebook" ></i> </a>     <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" class="social-box db-hover"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" class="social-box i-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-instagram fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" class="social-box y-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-youtube fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" class="social-box in-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" class="social-box tt-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok fa-md"></i> </a>     <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" class="social-box db-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-threads fa-md"></i> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-12 users"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-4 careers-top"> <span> <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za/" target="_blank">Careers & Tenders</a> </span> </div>  <div class="col-4 login-top"> <span class="sub-top"><a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></span> </div>  <div class="col-4 profile-top"> <span class="sub-top"><a href="/subscribe/">Subscribe</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="header" class="navbar justify-content-end navbar-expand-lg fixed-top"> <div class="container"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://mg.co.za" title="The Mail & Guardian" rel="home"> <img src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MailGuardian_logo-3.png" alt="The Mail & Guardian" /> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-12 header-promo"> <marquee class="html-marquee" direction="left" behavior="scroll" scrollamount="4">       <a href="https://mg.co.za/shop?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">SUBSCRIBE / Support independent journalism</a>                   <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">CAREERS & TENDERS / Visit careers.mg.co.za</a>                   <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O?utm_medium=marquee&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=top_promo" class="marquee-title" target="_blank">WHATSAPP? / Follow the M&G WhatsApp channel here</a>             </marquee> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 header-user"> <div class="header-login"><i class="fa fa-sign-in" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span><a href="" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#loginModal">Login / Register</a></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-12 mobile-container"> <div id="navbar" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <div class="burger-login show-mobile"> <p> <span><a href="" class="login" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#loginModal">LOGIN</a></span> </p> </div> <ul id="menu-2023-main-menu-v3" class="navbar-nav justify-content-end"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563962 dropdown"><a aria-current="page" title="News" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">News <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-616742"><a title="Africa" href="https://mg.co.za/section/africa/" class="dropdown-item">Africa</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563963"><a title="Business" href="https://mg.co.za/section/business/" class="dropdown-item">Business</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-611863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-611863"><a title="Editorial" href="https://mg.co.za/section/editorial/" class="dropdown-item">Editorial</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-563964"><a aria-current="page" title="Education" href="https://mg.co.za/section/education/" class="dropdown-item active">Education</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563965"><a title="Health" href="https://mg.co.za/section/health/" class="dropdown-item">Health</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563966"><a title="Motoring" href="https://mg.co.za/section/motoring/" class="dropdown-item">Motoring</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563967"><a title="National" href="https://mg.co.za/section/news/" class="dropdown-item">National</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563968"><a title="Sci-tech" href="https://mg.co.za/section/sci-tech/" class="dropdown-item">Sci-tech</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563969"><a title="Sport" href="https://mg.co.za/section/sport/" class="dropdown-item">Sport</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563970"><a title="World" href="https://mg.co.za/section/world/" class="dropdown-item">World</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563976" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563976"><a title="Thought Leader" href="https://mg.co.za/section/thought-leader/" class="nav-link">Thought Leader</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563975"><a title="Politics" href="https://mg.co.za/section/politics/" class="nav-link">Politics</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563977"><a title="Green Guardian" href="https://mg.co.za/section/the-green-guardian/" class="nav-link">Green Guardian</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nav-item menu-item-563978"><a title="Friday" href="https://mg.co.za/section/friday/" class="nav-link">Friday</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-624043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-624043 dropdown"><a title="Features" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Features <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-624044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-624044"><a title="Buthelezi, the King's Hand" href="https://mg.co.za/feature/2023-09-13-from-the-mg-archives-buthelezi-the-kings-hand/" class="dropdown-item">Buthelezi, the King’s Hand</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-622813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-622813"><a title="Cabinet Report Cards 2023" href="https://mg.co.za/cabinet-report-cards-2023/" class="dropdown-item">Cabinet Report Cards 2023</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-622742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-622742"><a title="Cabinet Report Cards 2012-2021" target="_blank" href="https://cabinet.mg.co.za/" class="dropdown-item">Cabinet Report Cards 2012-2021</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-630781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-630781"><a title="The Fiscal Cliff" href="https://mg.co.za/tag/the-fiscal-cliff/" class="dropdown-item">The Fiscal Cliff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-664189" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-664189 dropdown"><a title="Research World" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Research World <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-661851" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-661851"><a title="Submissions" href="https://mg.co.za/research-world/" class="dropdown-item">Submissions</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-664190" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-664190"><a title="Papers" href="https://mg.co.za/section/research_world/" class="dropdown-item">Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-653577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nav-item menu-item-653577"><a title="Power of Women 2024" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen-2024/" class="nav-link">Power of Women 2024</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563985 dropdown"><a title="Events" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">Events <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-662559" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-662559"><a title="200 Young South Africans" href="https://mg.co.za/200ysa2025/" class="dropdown-item">200 Young South Africans</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-660203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-660203"><a title="Greening The Future" href="https://mg.co.za/greening-the-future-2024/" class="dropdown-item">Greening The Future</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-650323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-650323 dropdown"><a title="Power Of Women" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen/" class="dropdown-item">Power Of Women</a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-653576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-653576"><a title="2024 Edition" href="https://mg.co.za/powerofwomen-2024/" class="dropdown-item">2024 Edition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-626928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-626928"><a title="Critical Thinking Forum" href="https://mg.co.za/section/critical-thinking-forum/" class="dropdown-item">Critical Thinking Forum</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-640910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-640910"><a title="Youth Summit" href="https://mg.co.za/200youngsouthafricans-summit/" class="dropdown-item">Youth Summit</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563984"><a title="Webinars" href="https://mg.co.za/section/webinars/" class="dropdown-item">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nav-item menu-item-563988 dropdown"><a title="More.." href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false">More.. <span class="caret"></span></a><ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563982"><a title="Partners" href="https://mg.co.za/section/partner-content/" class="dropdown-item">Partners</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563981"><a title="Podcasts" href="https://mg.co.za/section/podcasts/" class="dropdown-item">Podcasts</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-563990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-563990"><a title="Crossword" href="https://mg.co.za/section/crossword/" class="dropdown-item">Crossword</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616739" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-616739"><a title="Digital Editions" href="https://mg.co.za/section/digital-editions/" class="dropdown-item">Digital Editions</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616418" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616418"><a title="Register" class="dropdown-item">Register</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-631526" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-631526"><a title="WhatsApp Channel" href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O" class="dropdown-item">WhatsApp Channel</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616444" class="xoo-el-login-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616444"><a title="Login" class="dropdown-item">Login</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-616445" class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-616445"><a title="Lost Password" class="dropdown-item">Lost Password</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#searchModal"> <i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass"></i> </a> <br> <div class="show-mobile"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" class="social-box b-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i> </a>   <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank" class="social-box db-hover"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" class="social-box i-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-instagram fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" class="social-box y-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-youtube fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" class="social-box in-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" class="social-box tt-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok fa-md"></i> </a>   <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" class="social-box db-hover" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-threads fa-md"></i> </a> <br> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-wallpaper'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-wallpaper'); }); </script> </div> <main id="main" class="container fixed_top"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-banner-1"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-banner-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-banner-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-md-7 archive-left"> <div class="row g-0"><div class="col-12"><div class="archive-header" style="background-color: #EC4642"><h2>Education</h2></div></div></div><article><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-02-11-higher-education-must-sync-with-the-modern-reality/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/6fd4334d-00-are-sas-university-professors-a-bunch-of-socialists.jpeg" alt="Higher education must sync with the modern reality" /></div></a><div class="inner-txt"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h1><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-02-11-higher-education-must-sync-with-the-modern-reality/">Higher education must sync with the modern reality</a></h1><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/riedwaan-kimmie/" title="Posts by Riedwaan Kimmie" class="author url fn" rel="author">Riedwaan Kimmie</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>A changing world requires that curricula be adapted to create graduates who are employable</p> </div></div></div></article> </div> <div class="col-md-5 archive-right"> <article class="archive-article"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-12"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-02-04-matric-assessment-institute-refutes-claims-it-has-unfairly-failed-learners/">Matric assessment institute refutes claims it has unfairly failed learners</a></h3></div><div class="col-5"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-02-04-matric-assessment-institute-refutes-claims-it-has-unfairly-failed-learners/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/3f1fdc68-00-slight-decline-in-ieb-matric-pass-rate-300x192.jpeg" alt="Matric assessment institute refutes claims it has unfairly failed learners" /></div></a></div><div class="col-7"><div class="main-archive-meta"><div class="meta-holder"><p>Quality assurer Umalusi said it found no discrepancies during its evaluation of the 2024 NSC examinations </p> <div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-12"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-31-what-vhembes-success-teaches-us-about-quality-education-in-south-africa/">What Vhembe’s success teaches us about quality education in South Africa</a></h3></div><div class="col-5"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-31-what-vhembes-success-teaches-us-about-quality-education-in-south-africa/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Graphic-TopAch-cover-Website-1000px-400x296.png" alt="What Vhembe’s success teaches us about quality education in South Africa" /></div></a></div><div class="col-7"><div class="main-archive-meta"><div class="meta-holder"><p>In 2020, Nelson Mandela University physics professor, Azwinndini Muronga, wrote in the Mail & Guardian about Vhembe’s remarkable performance in the 2019 national senior certificate results. Five years later, he examines what this means for South African education</p> <div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/azwinndini-muronga/" title="Posts by Azwinndini Muronga" class="author url fn" rel="author">Azwinndini Muronga</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-12"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-27-basic-education-department-open-to-consultation-on-bela-act-language-policies/">Basic education department open to consultation on Bela Act language policies</a></h3></div><div class="col-5"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-27-basic-education-department-open-to-consultation-on-bela-act-language-policies/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/c5a58487-voy60fzjtvgj8qtwhcjd_teacher3-300x162.jpg" alt="Basic education department open to consultation on Bela Act language policies" /></div></a></div><div class="col-7"><div class="main-archive-meta"><div class="meta-holder"><p>Trade union Solidarity has said that the new law alienates Afrikaans-speaking learners </p> <div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-partner"><div class="col-5 float-start"><a href="https://mg.co.za/partner-content/2025-02-20-south-africans-can-unleash-paperless-productivity-with-the-huawei-matepad-11-5/"><div class="headline-two-img"><img decoding="async" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/BartokRMatePad-11.5_配件_键盘Keyboard_03_Ultra-HD_HQ_JPG_20240830-400x400.jpg" alt="South Africans Can Unleash Paperless Productivity with the HUAWEI MatePad 11.5" /></div></a></div><div class="col-7 pad-l float-end"><div class="entry-meta"><a href="https://mg.co.za/section/partner-content/">Partner Content</a></div><a href="https://mg.co.za/partner-content/2025-02-20-south-africans-can-unleash-paperless-productivity-with-the-huawei-matepad-11-5/"><h3>South Africans Can Unleash Paperless Productivity with the HUAWEI MatePad 11.5</h3></a><h2></h2></a><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/huawei/" title="Posts by Huawei" class="author url fn" rel="author">Huawei</a></div></div></article> </div> </div> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-banner-2"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-banner-2'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-banner-2'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row padded-side archives g-0"> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row g-0"> <article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-22-education-departments-say-school-placements-are-done-but-frustrated-parents-claim-otherwise/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image-400x225.jpg" alt="Education departments say school placements are done but frustrated parents claim otherwise" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-22-education-departments-say-school-placements-are-done-but-frustrated-parents-claim-otherwise/">Education departments say school placements are done but frustrated parents claim otherwise</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By Umamah Bakharia</div><div class="meta-holder"><p>One Gauteng parent said her child had been rejected by a school near her home for a second year, due to overcrowding</p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-16-da-says-it-wants-matric-pass-mark-incrementally-increased-to-50/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Siviwe-Gwarube--400x333.jpeg" alt="DA says it wants matric pass mark ‘incrementally’ increased to 50%" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-16-da-says-it-wants-matric-pass-mark-incrementally-increased-to-50/">DA says it wants matric pass mark ‘incrementally’ increased to 50%</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By Umamah Bakharia</div><div class="meta-holder"><p>It’s detractors say the party has accepted the 30% pass because it is enjoying the benefits of the government of national unity </p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-14-education-movements-slam-high-dropout-rate-for-matric-class-of-2024/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/408C7F99-3E6F-442C-8B26-B74C14A47100-400x400.jpeg" alt="Education movements slam high dropout rate for matric class of 2024" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-14-education-movements-slam-high-dropout-rate-for-matric-class-of-2024/">Education movements slam high dropout rate for matric class of 2024</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By Umamah Bakharia</div><div class="meta-holder"><p>The Zero Dropout Campaign has cautioned that the department of basic education should take heed of ‘early warning signs’ to assist learners </p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-14-at-87-3-class-of-2024-achieves-highest-pass-rate-in-history-of-south-africa/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Gwarube2-400x267.jpeg" alt="At 87.3%, class of 2024 achieves highest pass rate in history of South Africa" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-14-at-87-3-class-of-2024-achieves-highest-pass-rate-in-history-of-south-africa/">At 87.3%, class of 2024 achieves highest pass rate in history of South Africa</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By MG Reporter</div><div class="meta-holder"><p>Minister Siviwe Gwarube has announced plans to strengthen foundational learning as Grade 5-9 learners continue underperforming in maths and science</p> </div></div></div></article><div class="row g-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-banner-3"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-banner-3'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-banner-3'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-13-st-johns-college-celebrates-100-matric-pass-rate/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/9D22A5C1-3D8C-4936-A484-ECD356E6DE15-400x225.jpeg" alt="St John’s College celebrates 100% matric pass rate" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-13-st-johns-college-celebrates-100-matric-pass-rate/">St John’s College celebrates 100% matric pass rate</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>Forty-two percent of St John’s matriculants achieved four or more distinctions and 124 secured a bachelor’s pass</p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-13-education-department-gets-green-light-to-release-matric-results/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/3f1fdc68-00-slight-decline-in-ieb-matric-pass-rate-300x192.jpeg" alt="Education department gets green light to release matric results" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-13-education-department-gets-green-light-to-release-matric-results/">Education department gets green light to release matric results</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>But the quality assurer remains concerned about cheating and an increase in ‘problematic’ questions flagged by the department of high education </p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-21-ramaphosa-signs-bela-act-without-amendments-after-a-three-three-month-consultation-period/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Ramaphosa--300x200.jpeg" alt="Ramaphosa signs Bela Act without amendments after a three-month consultation period" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-21-ramaphosa-signs-bela-act-without-amendments-after-a-three-three-month-consultation-period/">Ramaphosa signs Bela Act without amendments after a three-month consultation period</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>The DA said it is satisfied that the Bela Act implementation will be subjected to rational regulations, norms and standards by basic education minister Siviwe Gwarube</p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-09-study-finds-sa-has-improved-primary-school-education/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ffb68c07-school_art00066976-1-300x200.jpeg" alt="Study finds SA has improved primary school education" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-09-study-finds-sa-has-improved-primary-school-education/">Study finds SA has improved primary school education</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>But the TIMSS report says language barriers have disadvantaged many children in achieving success in science and maths </p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-09-south-african-research-funds-at-risk-over-gaza-stance/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/4dcbc01c-gettyimages-1235958984-300x188.jpg" alt="South African research funds ‘at risk’ over Gaza stance" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-09-south-african-research-funds-at-risk-over-gaza-stance/">South African research funds ‘at risk’ over Gaza stance</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/edwin-naidu/" title="Posts by Edwin Naidu" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edwin Naidu</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>A number of local universities may face cuts to their funding after cutting ties with Israeli institutions</p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-04-western-cape-education-department-refutes-r1-2bn-tender-irregularities/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/dbe_head_office_3_extra_large-400x300.jpeg" alt="Western Cape education department refutes R1.2bn tender irregularities" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-04-western-cape-education-department-refutes-r1-2bn-tender-irregularities/">Western Cape education department refutes R1.2bn tender irregularities</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>The State Information Technology Agency has recommended an investigation into the tender awarded to Blue Network Consortium </p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-02-gauteng-education-department-has-no-duty-to-provide-ecd-centres/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ECD-photo-300x188.jpg" alt="Gauteng education department has ‘no duty’ to provide ECD centres" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-02-gauteng-education-department-has-no-duty-to-provide-ecd-centres/">Gauteng education department has ‘no duty’ to provide ECD centres</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>The Equal Education Law Centre has launched an application against the department over its failure to provide education to children affected by last year’s Usindiso fire</p> </div></div></div></article><article class="archive-article-list"><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-02-wits-relaunches-state-of-the-art-digital-dome-after-r90-million-refurbishment/"><div class="inner-img-archive"><img loading="lazy" style="width:100%; height:100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: top;" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/WitsAngloAmericanDigitalDomefrontaerialshot-400x225.jpg" alt="Wits relaunches state of the art digital dome after R90 million refurbishment" /></div></a></div><div class="col-8 padded"><div class="main-archive-meta"><h3><a href="https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-02-wits-relaunches-state-of-the-art-digital-dome-after-r90-million-refurbishment/">Wits relaunches state of the art digital dome after R90 million refurbishment</a></h3><div class="byline-single">By <a href="https://mg.co.za/author/umamah/" title="Posts by Umamah Bakharia" class="author url fn" rel="author">Umamah Bakharia</a></div><div class="meta-holder"><p>The dome has over the years projected significant historical events, including screening footage of the Apollo 11</p> </div></div></div></article> <div id="ajax-load-more" class="ajax-load-more-wrap white alm-0 alm-is-loaded"> <ul aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="alm-listing alm-ajax"> </ul> <div class="alm-btn-wrap"> <button id="load-more" class="alm-load-more-btn more" type="button">Load More</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 aside"> <div id="widget-area" class="widget-area-section" role="complementary"> <h3 class="widget-title">Latest News</h3><nav aria-label="Latest News"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-20-ramaphosa-invites-isolated-zelenskiy-for-a-state-visit/">Ramaphosa invites isolated Zelenskiy for a state visit</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/the-green-guardian/2025-02-20-how-satellites-help-safeguard-abalone-farmers-from-algal-blooms/">How satellites help safeguard abalone farmers from algal blooms</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2025-02-20-tax-bracket-over-inflation-how-the-treasury-is-forfeiting-r198bn-a-year/">Tax Bracket Over-inflation: How the treasury is forfeiting R198bn a year</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/friday/2025-02-20-zolani-mahola-on-music-motherhood-and-meaning/">Zolani Mahola on music, motherhood and meaning</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2025-02-20-backlogs-learners-pay-the-price-with-their-mental-health/">Backlogs: Learners pay the price with their mental health</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-20-us-treasury-secretary-scott-bessent-snubs-g20-meeting-in-south-africa/">US treasury secretary Scott Bessent snubs G20 meeting in South Africa</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/partner-content/2025-02-20-south-africans-can-unleash-paperless-productivity-with-the-huawei-matepad-11-5/">South Africans Can Unleash Paperless Productivity with the HUAWEI MatePad 11.5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/partner-content/2025-02-20-flagship-ai-and-unmatched-durability-the-honor-x9c-sets-the-standard/">Flagship AI and Unmatched Durability – The HONOR X9c Sets the Standard</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mg.co.za/partner-content/2025-02-20-ithuba-propels-the-national-lottery-to-drive-economic-growth-and-boost-the-township-economy/">ITHUBA propels the National Lottery to drive economic growth and boost the township economy</a> </li> </ul> </nav><h3 class="widget-title">Editors Pick</h3><div class="editors-sidebar"> <div class="meta-box-date"> <div class="entry-meta"><a href="https://mg.co.za/section/politics/">Politics</a></div></div><a href="https://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-national-health-insurance-da-cites-government-failures-and-risk-of-looting/"><img fetchpriority="high" width="1600" height="1068" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV.jpg" class="attachment-small-thumbnail size-small-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="9075 Dv" decoding="async" srcset="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV.jpg 1600w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV-300x200.jpg 300w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV-1000x668.jpg 1000w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV-768x513.jpg 768w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/9075_DV-600x401.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></a><h5><a href="https://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-national-health-insurance-da-cites-government-failures-and-risk-of-looting/">National Health Insurance: DA cites government failures and risk of looting</a></h5></div><div class="editors-sidebar"> <div class="meta-box-date"> <div class="entry-meta"><a href="https://mg.co.za/section/crossword/">Crossword</a></div></div><a href="https://mg.co.za/crossword/2025-02-13-cryptic-crossword-jde-467/"><img width="1200" height="800" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2c64c0d8-crossword_logo-e1590135510942.jpg" class="attachment-small-thumbnail size-small-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Crossword" decoding="async" /></a><h5><a href="https://mg.co.za/crossword/2025-02-13-cryptic-crossword-jde-467/">Cryptic Crossword JDE 467</a></h5></div><div class="editors-sidebar"> <div class="meta-box-date"> <div class="entry-meta"><a href="https://mg.co.za/section/press-releases/">Press Releases</a></div></div><a href="https://mg.co.za/press-releases/2024-07-03-call-for-nominations-power-of-women-2024/"><img width="1600" height="1128" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2.jpg" class="attachment-small-thumbnail size-small-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Pow 2024 (2)" decoding="async" srcset="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2.jpg 1600w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2-300x212.jpg 300w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2-1000x705.jpg 1000w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2-768x541.jpg 768w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2-1536x1083.jpg 1536w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/POW-2024-2-600x423.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></a><h5><a href="https://mg.co.za/press-releases/2024-07-03-call-for-nominations-power-of-women-2024/">Call for nominations: Power of Women 2024</a></h5></div><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-04-western-cape-education-department-refutes-r1-2bn-tender-irregularities/'><div class='related-article'><h3><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-04-western-cape-education-department-refutes-r1-2bn-tender-irregularities/'>Western Cape education department refutes R1.2bn tender irregularities</a></h3><div class='featured-image'><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-12-04-western-cape-education-department-refutes-r1-2bn-tender-irregularities/'><img loading="lazy" width="400" height="300" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/dbe_head_office_3_extra_large-400x300.jpeg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="Dbe Head Office 3 Extra Large" decoding="async" srcset="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/dbe_head_office_3_extra_large-400x300.jpeg 400w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/dbe_head_office_3_extra_large-600x450.jpeg 600w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/dbe_head_office_3_extra_large.jpeg 750w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a></div></div></a><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-11-26-education-department-failed-to-build-or-renovate-schools-in-four-provinces-in-2023-44-financial-year/'><div class='related-article'><h3><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-11-26-education-department-failed-to-build-or-renovate-schools-in-four-provinces-in-2023-44-financial-year/'>Education department failed to build or renovate schools in four provinces in 2023-24 financial year</a></h3><div class='featured-image'><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2024-11-26-education-department-failed-to-build-or-renovate-schools-in-four-provinces-in-2023-44-financial-year/'><img loading="lazy" width="300" height="200" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-300x200.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="School Graft1" decoding="async" srcset="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-1000x668.jpg 1000w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-768x513.jpg 768w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1-600x401.jpg 600w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/school-graft1.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></div></div></a><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-22-education-departments-say-school-placements-are-done-but-frustrated-parents-claim-otherwise/'><div class='related-article'><h3><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-22-education-departments-say-school-placements-are-done-but-frustrated-parents-claim-otherwise/'>Education departments say school placements are done but frustrated parents claim otherwise</a></h3><div class='featured-image'><a href='https://mg.co.za/education/2025-01-22-education-departments-say-school-placements-are-done-but-frustrated-parents-claim-otherwise/'><img loading="lazy" width="400" height="225" src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image-400x225.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="2faddce5 2013 01 24 School Admission Plagues Pupils Weeks After Academic New Year Image" decoding="async" srcset="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image-400x225.jpg 400w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image-768x432.jpg 768w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image-600x338.jpg 600w, https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2faddce5-2013-01-24-school-admission-plagues-pupils-weeks-after-academic-new-year-image.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a></div></div></a><div class="row g-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-block-1"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-block-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-block-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div><div id="widget-area" class="widget-area-section" role="complementary"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div><div class="row g-0" style="position: -webkit-sticky; position: sticky; top:120px;"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-block-3" > <div id='div-gpt-ad-block-3'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-block-3'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </main> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col"> <div class="ad-banner-4"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-banner-4'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-banner-4'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-thirdparty'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-thirdparty'); }); </script> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-one"> <a href="https://www.mg.co.za"><h3>MAIL & GUARDIAN</h3></a> <h3>ABOUT</h3> <div> <p class="footer-about"> <a href="/about/">About</a><br> <a href="/contact-us/">Contact</a><br> <a href="/advertise/">Advertise</a> </p> <h3>SUBSCRIPTIONS</h3> <p class="footer-subs"> <a href="/subscribe-to-mg/">Subscribe</a><br> <a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-two"> <h3>FOLLOW</h3> <p class="footer-social"> <a href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaJkj7gBadmaS7dcHz2O?utm_medium=footer&utm_source=website&utm_campaign=link" target="_blank">WhatsApp Channel</a> <br> <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank">Twitter</a><br> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MailGuardian/" target="_blank">Facebook</a><br> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MGOnlineVideo/" target="_blank">YouTube</a><br> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mailandguardian/" target="_blank">Instagram</a><br> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mail-&-guardian" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a> <br> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mailandguardian" target="_blank">TikTok</a> <br> <a href="https://www.threads.net/@mailandguardian" target="_blank">Threads</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-three"> <h3>FLAGSHIP EVENTS</h3> <p class="footer-resources"> <a href="/200youngsouthafricans/">200 Young South Africans</a><br> <a href="/powerofwomen/">Power Of Women</a><br> <a href="/greeningthefuture/">Greening The Future</a><br> </p> <h3>LEGAL & CORRECTIONS</h3> <p class="footer-legal"> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a><br> <a href="/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a><br> <a href="/ethics-and-social-media-policy/">Ethics & Social Media Policy</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 pad-a bot-four"> <h3>RESOURCES</h3> <p class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://careers.mg.co.za" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mail & Guardian Careers</a><br> <a href="https://property.mg.co.za" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Property for sale</a> </p> <br> <a href="https://www.mg.co.za"><img src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/red-ampersand.png" alt="Mail & Guardian" style="width:70px; margin-top:10px;"></a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="col-12 copyright"> <p>© 2025 The Mail & Guardian. All rights reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KP9VVDQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>    <noscript><img src="https://edgecdn.dev/code?mode=img&code=9d25d79f67201140ef9a0f6c4dbf7e43&title=++Education" alt="Non-javascript browsers support" border='0' width='1' height='1' /></noscript>  <div class="xoo-el-container xoo-el-style-popup" style="visibility: hidden;"> <div class="xoo-el-opac"></div> <div class="xoo-el-modal"> <div class="xoo-el-inmodal"> <span class="xoo-el-close xoo-el-icon-cross"></span> <div class="xoo-el-wrap"> <div class="xoo-el-sidebar"></div> <div class="xoo-el-srcont"> <div class="xoo-el-main"> <div class="xoo-el-form-container xoo-el-form-popup" data-active="login"> <div class="xoo-el-header"> <ul class="xoo-el-tabs"> <li data-tab="login" class="xoo-el-login-tgr" style="order: 1 ">Login</li> <li data-tab="register" class="xoo-el-reg-tgr" style="order: 2">Register</li> </ul> </div> <div data-section="login" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-login"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo-el-username" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="username"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo-el-password_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo-el-password" placeholder="Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="current-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-el-login-btm-fields"> <label class="xoo-el-form-label"> <input type="checkbox" name="xoo-el-rememberme" value="forever" /> <span>Remember me</span> </label> <a class="xoo-el-lostpw-tgr" rel="nofollow" href="#">Forgot Password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="login"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-login-btn" >Sign in</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="register" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-register"> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_username_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="xoo_el_reg_username" placeholder="Username" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="3" required=" "/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-email one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_email_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-at"></span><input type="email" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-email" name="xoo_el_reg_email" placeholder="Email" value="" required=" " autocomplete="email"/></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass" placeholder="Password" value="" maxlength="20" minlength="6" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-password one xoo-aff-cont-required xoo_el_reg_pass_again_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-key"></span><input type="password" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-password" name="xoo_el_reg_pass_again" placeholder="Confirm Password" value="" required=" " autocomplete="new-password"/><div class="xoo-aff-pw-toggle"> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-show"><i class="far fa-eye"></i></span> <span class="xoo-aff-pwtog-hide"><i class="far fa-eye-slash"></i></span> </div></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="register"> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-register-btn">Register Free Account</button> <input type="hidden" name="xoo_el_redirect" value="/section/education/"> </form> </div> </div> <div data-section="lostpw" class="xoo-el-section"> <div class="xoo-el-fields"> <div class="xoo-el-notice"></div> <form class="xoo-el-action-form xoo-el-form-lostpw"> <span class="xoo-el-form-txt">Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.</span> <div class="xoo-el-fields-cont"><div class="xoo-aff-group xoo-aff-cont-text one xoo-aff-cont-required user_login_cont"><div class="xoo-aff-input-group"><span class="xoo-aff-input-icon fas fa-user-plus"></span><input type="text" class="xoo-aff-required xoo-aff-text" name="user_login" placeholder="Username / Email" value="" required=" "/></div></div></div> <input type="hidden" name="_xoo_el_form" value="lostPassword"> <input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/section/education/" /> <button type="submit" class="button btn xoo-el-action-btn xoo-el-lostpw-btn">Email Reset Link</button> </form> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xoo-el-popup-notice" style="visibility: hidden;"> <div class="xoo-el-notice-opac"></div> <div class="xoo-el-notice-modal"> <div class="xoo-el-notice-inmodal"> <span class="xoo-el-notice-close xoo-el-icon-cross"></span> <div class="xoo-el-notice-wrap"> <iframe></iframe> <div class="xoo-el-notice-iframestyle" style="display: none;"> body::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 7px; } body::-webkit-scrollbar-track { border-radius: 10px; background: #f0f0f0; } body::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { border-radius: 50px; background: #dfdbdb } </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 banner-a optin cmplz-bottom-right cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> <div class="cmplz-header"> <div class="cmplz-logo"></div> <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Manage Consent</div> <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Close dialogue"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> <div class="cmplz-body"> <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin">To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div>  <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage {vendor_count} vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div> <script> gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'timestamp': '2025-02-20T17:02:39Z', 'user_id': '0', 'page_path': '/section/education/' }); </script> <script type="application/ld+json" id="slim-seo-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#website","url":"https://mg.co.za/","name":"The Mail & Guardian","potentialAction":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#searchaction"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#organization"}},{"@type":"SearchAction","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#searchaction","target":"https://mg.co.za/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","name":"Breadcrumbs","@id":"https://mg.co.za/section/education/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://mg.co.za/"}]},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://mg.co.za/section/education/#webpage","url":"https://mg.co.za/section/education/","inLanguage":"en_ZA","name":"Education – The Mail & Guardian","description":"Education news of the day brought to you by the Mail & Guardian Online.","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://mg.co.za/section/education/#breadcrumblist"}},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://mg.co.za/#organization","url":"https://mg.co.za/","name":"The Mail & Guardian"}]}</script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script id="xoo-el-js-js-extra"> var xoo_el_localize = {"adminurl":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","redirectDelay":"300","html":{"spinner":"<i class=\"xoo-el-icon-spinner8 xoo-el-spinner\"><\/i>","editField":"<span class=\"xoo-el-edit-em\">Change?<\/span>","notice":{"error":"<div class=\"xoo-el-notice-error \">%s<\/div>","success":"<div class=\"xoo-el-notice-success \">%s<\/div>"}},"autoOpenPopup":"no","autoOpenPopupOnce":"no","aoDelay":"500","loginClass":"","registerClass":"","errorLog":"no"}; </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/easy-login-woocommerce/assets/js/xoo-el-js.js?ver=2.8.5" id="xoo-el-js-js"></script> <script id="load-more-js-extra"> var load_more_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"category_name\":\"education\",\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":0,\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":0,\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":43,\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"post_type\":\"\",\"posts_per_page\":10,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}","current_page":"1","max_page":"417"}; </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/scripts/load-more.js" id="load-more-js"></script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/assets/dist/main.bundle.js?ver=1.0" id="mainjs-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"146596","version":"7.2.0","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"za","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/","locale":"lang=en&locale=en_ZA","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"24","cookie_path":"\/","categories":{"statistics":"statistics","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","css_file":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/complianz\/css\/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=146596","page_links":{"za":{"cookie-statement":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/africa\/2022-11-25-strategies-to-future-proof-zambias-mining-industry\/"}}},"tm_categories":"1","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":"","aria_label":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content"}; </script> <script defer src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/cookiebanner/js/complianz.min.js?ver=1736720129" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-after"> if ('undefined' != typeof window.jQuery) { jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { $(document).on('elementor/popup/show', () => { let rev_cats = cmplz_categories.reverse(); for (let key in rev_cats) { if (rev_cats.hasOwnProperty(key)) { let category = cmplz_categories[key]; if (cmplz_has_consent(category)) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-category="' + category + '"]').forEach(obj => { cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); }); } } } let services = cmplz_get_services_on_page(); for (let key in services) { if (services.hasOwnProperty(key)) { let service = services[key].service; let category = services[key].category; if (cmplz_has_service_consent(service, category)) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-service="' + service + '"]').forEach(obj => { cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); }); } } } }); }); } document.addEventListener("cmplz_enable_category", function(consentData) { var category = consentData.detail.category; var services = consentData.detail.services; var blockedContentContainers = []; let selectorVideo = '.cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist[data-category="'+category+'"],.elementor-widget-video[data-category="'+category+'"]'; let selectorGeneric = '[data-cmplz-elementor-href][data-category="'+category+'"]'; for (var skey in services) { if (services.hasOwnProperty(skey)) { let service = skey; selectorVideo +=',.cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist[data-service="'+service+'"],.elementor-widget-video[data-service="'+service+'"]'; selectorGeneric +=',[data-cmplz-elementor-href][data-service="'+service+'"]'; } } document.querySelectorAll(selectorVideo).forEach(obj => { let elementService = obj.getAttribute('data-service'); if ( cmplz_is_service_denied(elementService) ) { return; } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-activated')) return; obj.classList.add('cmplz-elementor-activated'); if ( obj.hasAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type') ){ let attr = obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type'); obj.classList.removeAttribute('data-cmplz_elementor_widget_type'); obj.classList.setAttribute('data-widget_type', attr); } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist')) { obj.classList.remove('cmplz-elementor-widget-video-playlist'); obj.classList.add('elementor-widget-video-playlist'); } obj.setAttribute('data-settings', obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz-elementor-settings')); blockedContentContainers.push(obj); }); document.querySelectorAll(selectorGeneric).forEach(obj => { let elementService = obj.getAttribute('data-service'); if ( cmplz_is_service_denied(elementService) ) { return; } if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-elementor-activated')) return; if (obj.classList.contains('cmplz-fb-video')) { obj.classList.remove('cmplz-fb-video'); obj.classList.add('fb-video'); } obj.classList.add('cmplz-elementor-activated'); obj.setAttribute('data-href', obj.getAttribute('data-cmplz-elementor-href')); blockedContentContainers.push(obj.closest('.elementor-widget')); }); /** * Trigger the widgets in Elementor */ for (var key in blockedContentContainers) { if (blockedContentContainers.hasOwnProperty(key) && blockedContentContainers[key] !== undefined) { let blockedContentContainer = blockedContentContainers[key]; if (elementorFrontend.elementsHandler) { elementorFrontend.elementsHandler.runReadyTrigger(blockedContentContainer) } var cssIndex = blockedContentContainer.getAttribute('data-placeholder_class_index'); blockedContentContainer.classList.remove('cmplz-blocked-content-container'); blockedContentContainer.classList.remove('cmplz-placeholder-' + cssIndex); } } }); </script> <script src="https://mg.co.za/wp-content/themes/MG-Boot-Child/scripts/navbar.js" id="scroll-js"></script>  <script data-category="functional"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',''); </script>  <script> setTimeout(function(){ !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '240301127055037'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); }, 4000); </script> <noscript> <img loading="lazy" height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=240301127055037&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>   <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:3180248,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> </body> </html>