Britannica Kids

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html class="middle browse ie no-js" site-type="school" lang="en-US"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Britannica Kids</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/> <meta name="keywords" content="???.seo.keywords???" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-57c.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-60c.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-72c.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-76c.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-114a.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-120a.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-144a.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-152a.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-180a.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-32c.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-192a.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-96a.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-16c.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/resources/icons/favicons/school/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/resources/icons/favicons/school/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-144a.png"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/resources/icons/favicons/school/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NX7G6QG');</script>  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '160638381132823'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=160638381132823&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript> <script type='text/javascript'> var axel = Math.random() + ''; var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=' + a + ';dc_seg=806891421?" width=0 height=0 border=0/>'); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=806891421?" width=0 height=0 border=0/> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,600,700,800|Cinzel|Fredoka+One|Quicksand|Lato"/> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/443d70fa73.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/dist/vendor-css.css?v=1.22.12"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/dist/kids-css.css?v=1.22.12"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/dist/kids-webapp.css?v=1.22.12"/> <script>(function(w,d,t,r,u){var f,n,i;w[u]=w[u]||[],f=function(){var o={ti:"26001870"};o.q=w[u],w[u]=new UET(o),w[u].push("pageLoad")},n=d.createElement(t),n.src=r,n.async=1,n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=function(){var s=this.readyState;s&&s!=="loaded"&&s!=="complete"||(f(),n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=null)},i=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i)})(window,document,"script","//bat.bing.com/bat.js","uetq");</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//tags.crwdcntrl.net/c/10586/cc.js?ns=_cc10586" id="LOTCC_10586"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">_cc10586.bcp();</script> <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { window.admiral = window.admiral || function () { (admiral.q = admiral.q || []).push(arguments); }; var displayCheck; document.addEventListener("mouseout", (event) => { if (!event.toElement && !event.relatedTarget) { displayCheck = window.sessionStorage.getItem("hasBeenDisplayed"); if (displayCheck === "true") { return; } setTimeout(() => { admiral("targeting", "force", { candidateIDs: [ "603d6b2dda6fa9017553792e", ], }); window.sessionStorage.setItem("hasBeenDisplayed", "true"); displayCheck = "true"; }, 1000); } }); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">!(function(o,n,t){t=o.createElement(n),o=o.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],t.async=1,t.src="https://superficialsquare.com/v2efnImPApSzhnLlHe1yjXrMv18oN6sVdzmho_QRB6Zxhy_rgT68LFVeCAMempYpY",o.parentNode.insertBefore(t,o)})(document,"script"),(function(o,n){o[n]=o[n]||function(){(o[n].q=o[n].q||[]).push(arguments)}})(window,"admiral");!(function(c,e,o,t,n){function r(o,t){(function n(){try{return 0<(localStorage.getItem("v4ac1eiZr0")||"").split(",")[4]}catch(o){}return!1})()&&(t=c[e].pubads())&&t.setTargeting("admiral-engaged","true")}(n=c[e]=c[e]||{}).cmd=n.cmd||[],typeof n.pubads===o?r():typeof n.cmd.unshift===o?n.cmd.unshift(r):n.cmd.push(r)})(window,"googletag","function");</script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/modernizr-2.6.2.js"></script> </head> <body class="middle browse" onunload="" data-page-load-flags="" data-language="en" data-country="US" data-site-type="school" data-publish-timestamp="1724112000000" data-individual-id="" data-is-internal="false" data-individual-name="" data-logged-in="" data-cam-login-url="https://cam.britannica.com" data-cam-profile-url="https://cam.britannica.com/profile" data-cam-registration-url="https://cam.britannica.com/registration" data-is-authenticated="" data-is-community-user="" data-is-eu="" data-level="students" >  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NX7G6QG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script async='async' src='https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || { cmd: [] }; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([970, 150], [970, 150]).addSize([728, 90], [728, 90]).addSize([468, 60], [468, 60]).addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]).build(); var slot = googletag.defineSlot('/15510053/EBOK/STUDENTS_GEN', [[970, 150], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-15eb1ceb-5946-415d-8961-2996df1b7e34-1'); slot.addService(googletag.pubads()); slot.defineSizeMapping(mapping); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('kidsloggedin', 'false'); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script>  <div id="shared-wrapper"> <div class="bk-navbar students"> <div class="bk-top-row box-shadow"> <div class="container"> <div class="row middle-xs mx-0"> <div class="col-xs-3 px-0 d-flex d-sm-none justify-content-start align-items-center"> <button class="bk-hamburger-button btn btn-link text-white p-4"> <i class="fal fa-bars fa-lg fa-fw"></i> </button> <div class="bk-hamburger-menu d-none"> <div class="p-4 border-bottom d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#articles-collapse"> Articles <i class="bk-collapse-icon fal fa-angle-down fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="collapse" id="articles-collapse"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1001" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-snake mr-3"></i> Animals </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1056" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-palette mr-3"></i> Arts and Literature </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1124" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-globe mr-3"></i> Earth and Geography </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1180" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-landmark mr-3"></i> History </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1271" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-microscope mr-3"></i> Life Processes </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1317" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-biohazard mr-3"></i> Living Things (Other) </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1322" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-lightbulb mr-3"></i> Philosophy and Religion </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1353" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-flower-tulip mr-3"></i> Plants </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1368" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-atom mr-3"></i> Science and Mathematics </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1448" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-balance-scale mr-3"></i> Society </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1522" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-football-ball mr-3"></i> Sports and Recreation </a> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1555" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-sim-card mr-3"></i> Technology </a> </div> <div class="p-4 border-bottom d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#media-collapse"> Images & Video <i class="bk-collapse-icon fal fa-angle-down fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="collapse" id="media-collapse"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1001" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-snake mr-3"></i> Animals </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1056" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-palette mr-3"></i> Arts and Literature </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1124" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-globe mr-3"></i> Earth and Geography </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1180" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-landmark mr-3"></i> History </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1271" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-microscope mr-3"></i> Life Processes </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1317" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-biohazard mr-3"></i> Living Things (Other) </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1322" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-lightbulb mr-3"></i> Philosophy and Religion </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1353" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-flower-tulip mr-3"></i> Plants </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1368" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-atom mr-3"></i> Science and Mathematics </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1448" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-balance-scale mr-3"></i> Society </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1522" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-football-ball mr-3"></i> Sports and Recreation </a> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1555" class="p-4 d-block border-bottom"> <i class="fal fa-sim-card mr-3"></i> Technology </a> </div> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/students/browse/biography">Biographies</a> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/students/browse/dictionary">Dictionary</a> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/students/compare">Compare Countries</a> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/students/browse/atlas">World Atlas</a> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/show-what-you-know-podcast">Podcast</a> <div class="p-4 border-bottom d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#levels-collapse"> Switch Level <i class="bk-collapse-icon fal fa-angle-down fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="collapse" id="levels-collapse"> <a class="d-block p-4 border-bottom" href="/kids">Kids</a> <a class="d-block p-4 border-bottom" href="/students">Students</a> <a class="d-block p-4 border-bottom" href="/scholars">Scholars</a> </div> <a class="d-block p-4" href="/about">About Us</a> </div> <div> <a href="#" class="p-4" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mobile-search-modal"> <i class="fal fa-search fa-fw"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 px-0 d-none d-sm-block"> <div class="bk-level-dropdown-container dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-link" id="level-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> students<i class="far fa-angle-down fa-lg fa-fw"></i> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="level-dropdown"> <li><a href="/kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/students">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/scholars">Scholars</a></li> <li> <a href="https://fundamentals.kids.britannica.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Fundamentals <small class="text-teal ml-3">NEW</small> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="trial-link btn btn-link" href="https://premium.britannica.com/kids-membership/?utm_source=kids&utm_medium=house&utm_campaign=bkids-evergreen" target="_blank">7-day free trial</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 col-md-4 text-center px-0"> <a class="logo-link" href="/"> <img class="d-none d-lg-inline-block" src="/resources/img/BkidsLogoDesktop.png" alt="Britannica Kids logo" height="25" /> <img class="d-lg-none" src="/resources/img/BkidsLogoTruncated.png" alt="Truncated Britannica Kids logo" height="25" /> </a> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end align-items-center" style="flex: 1;"> <form id="searchCriteria" class="navbar-search d-none d-sm-block" action="/students/search/articles" method="GET"> <div class="input-group"> <input id="query" name="query" class="search-query form-control" tabindex="1" x-webkit-speech="x-webkit-speech" placeholder="Search" required="required" type="text" value=""/> <label for="query" class="sr-only">Search</label> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"> <i class="fontello-icon-search"></i> </button> </span> </div> </form> <div class="bk-user-dropdown-container dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-link pr-0" id="user-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Login <i class="far fa-angle-down fa-lg fa-fw"></i> </button> <div id="react-user-dropdown" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="user-dropdown"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bk-bottom-row d-none d-sm-block"> <div class="container px-0"> <ul class="list-inline text-center"> <li class="dropdown"> <a class="bk-navbar-flyout-toggle d-inline-block text-decoration-none p-4" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Articles </a> <div class="dropdown-menu bk-navbar-flyout py-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid no-gutter"> <div class="grid-xs-33 border-right pr-5"> <div class="h4 mb-5 mt-0">Featured Article</div> <div class="px-5"> <a href="/students/article/Venuss-flytrap/277567"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-start"> <img class="border" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/170820-004-E08F9407.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85" alt="Venus's-flytrap" /> </div> <div class="h4">Venus's-flytrap</div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-xs-66 pl-5"> <div class="h4 mb-5 mt-0">All Categories</div> <div class="grid"> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1001" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-snake fa-2x mb-2"></i> Animals </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1056" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-palette fa-2x mb-2"></i> Arts and Literature </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1124" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-globe fa-2x mb-2"></i> Earth and Geography </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1180" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-landmark fa-2x mb-2"></i> History </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1271" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-microscope fa-2x mb-2"></i> Life Processes </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1317" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-biohazard fa-2x mb-2"></i> Living Things (Other) </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1322" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-lightbulb fa-2x mb-2"></i> Philosophy and Religion </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1353" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-flower-tulip fa-2x mb-2"></i> Plants </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1368" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-atom fa-2x mb-2"></i> Science and Mathematics </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1448" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-balance-scale fa-2x mb-2"></i> Society </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1522" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-football-ball fa-2x mb-2"></i> Sports and Recreation </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1555" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-sim-card fa-2x mb-2"></i> Technology </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a class="bk-navbar-flyout-toggle d-inline-block text-decoration-none p-4" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Images & Videos </a> <div class="dropdown-menu bk-navbar-flyout py-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid no-gutter"> <div class="grid-xs-33 border-right pr-5"> <div class="h4 mb-5 mt-0">Featured Media</div> <div class="px-5"> <a href="/students/assembly/view/212755"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-start"> <img class="border" loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/161465-004-AAFC839D.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85"/> </div> <div class="h4"><asmtitle>gorilla</asmtitle> </a></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-xs-66 pl-5"> <div class="h4 mb-5 mt-0">All Categories</div> <div class="grid"> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1001" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-snake fa-2x mb-2"></i> Animals </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1056" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-palette fa-2x mb-2"></i> Arts and Literature </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1124" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-globe fa-2x mb-2"></i> Earth and Geography </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1180" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-landmark fa-2x mb-2"></i> History </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1271" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-microscope fa-2x mb-2"></i> Life Processes </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1317" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-biohazard fa-2x mb-2"></i> Living Things (Other) </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1322" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-lightbulb fa-2x mb-2"></i> Philosophy and Religion </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1353" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-flower-tulip fa-2x mb-2"></i> Plants </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1368" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-atom fa-2x mb-2"></i> Science and Mathematics </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1448" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-balance-scale fa-2x mb-2"></i> Society </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1522" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-football-ball fa-2x mb-2"></i> Sports and Recreation </a> </div> <div class="grid-xs-25"> <a href="/students/browse/media#leaf=&page=1&tree%5B%5D=main&tree%5B%5D=1555" class="py-3 d-block"> <i class="d-block fal fa-sim-card fa-2x mb-2"></i> Technology </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a class="d-inline-block p-4" href="/students/browse/biography">Biographies</a></li> <li><a class="d-inline-block p-4" href="/students/browse/dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a class="d-inline-block p-4" href="/students/compare">Compare Countries</a></li> <li><a class="d-inline-block p-4" href="/students/browse/atlas">World Atlas</a></li> <li><a class="d-inline-block p-4" href="/show-what-you-know-podcast">Podcast</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bk-fullscreen-modal modal" id="mobile-search-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <form action="/students/search/articles"> <div class="input-group input-group-lg"> <span class="input-group-addon"> <i class="fontello-icon-search"></i> </span> <input name="query" type="text" id="mobile-search-modal-input" class="form-control" placeholder="Search Students..."> </div> </form> <div class="bk-mobile-search-results"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header class="banner" role="banner"> <div class="banner-inner bk-offwhite-background bk-logged-out"> <div class="container text-center upsell"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-15eb1ceb-5946-415d-8961-2996df1b7e34-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-15eb1ceb-5946-415d-8961-2996df1b7e34-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="container relative-header"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1 class="middle-xs"> Browse Students Articles By Letter</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="main-content seo-sitemap"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <nav> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="inactive"> <a href="/students">Home</a> </li> <li class="root-crumb" data-node-id="main"> <a href="/students/browse/subjects">Articles</a> </li> <li class="active" data-node-id="main"> <a href="#">j</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <ul class="bk-alpha-categories"> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/a/1">a</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/b/1">b</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/c/1">c</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/d/1">d</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/e/1">e</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/f/1">f</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/g/1">g</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/h/1">h</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/i/1">i</a> </li> <li> <a class="active">j</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/k/1">k</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/l/1">l</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/m/1">m</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/n/1">n</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/o/1">o</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/p/1">p</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/q/1">q</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/r/1">r</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/s/1">s</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/t/1">t</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/u/1">u</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/v/1">v</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/w/1">w</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/x/1">x</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/y/1">y</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/z/1">z</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3 class="text-center">Displaying 1-100 of 457 articles</h3> <ul class="seo-items"> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/J-Walter-Thompson-Co/311841">J. Walter Thompson Co.</a> </dd> <dl>The American advertising agency J. Walter Thompson Co. was one of the largest such enterprises in the world. In 1980 it became a subsidiary of JWT Group Inc., a…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/96/67696-003-81B8F8D2.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/J-j/275110">J, j</a> </dd> <dl>The letter J has a history that is linked with the history of the letter I. The Romans and their European successors used I both for the vocalic i and for the consonantal y…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/John-Tengo-Jabavu/607313">Jabavu, John Tengo</a> </dd> <dl>(1859–1921). The South African journalist, teacher, and preacher John Tengo Jabavu worked to improve education and justice in South Africa. In 2006 the South African…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/25012-003-E45FA543.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jacana/327354">jacana</a> </dd> <dl>A small raillike bird, the jacana has extremely long toes and claws that enable it to walk on the floating leaves of water plants. Some jacanas also have strong spurs at the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/41/124141-003-5329FE56.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jacaranda/327355">jacaranda</a> </dd> <dl>The flowering shrubs and trees of the genus Jacaranda are grown in gardens and along streets in many subtropical regions of the world. One of the most popular jacaranda trees…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/119616-003-FE7D4F26.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jack-the-Ripper/275118">Jack the Ripper</a> </dd> <dl>Between August and November 1888, an unknown murderer killed at least five women, all prostitutes, in London, England. All of the murders were committed in the poor…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/1767-003-2AB15532.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jackal/311842">jackal</a> </dd> <dl>The jackal is a wolflike carnivore, or meat eater, of the dog genus Canis (family Canidae). Jackals, like hyenas, have an exaggerated reputation for cowardice. Three species…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/129219-003-2C877905.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Hugh-Jackman/603634">Jackman, Hugh</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1968). Australian performer Hugh Jackman became a successful actor, dancer, and singer. He was perhaps best known for his action movies and stage musicals. Hugh Michael…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/78/117078-003-0B35DAB3.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jacks/327360">jacks</a> </dd> <dl>The children’s game jacks is also called jackstones, dibs, or fivestones. An ancient game, jacks is now usually played with six-pronged metal or plastic counters, called…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/64609-003-43D7EBE1.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson/275114">Jackson</a> </dd> <dl>A surrounding area rich in farmlands, timber, and oil and natural gas deposits has helped Jackson, Mississippi’s capital, become the state’s largest city. Jackson is located…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson/327379">Jackson</a> </dd> <dl>The city of Jackson is located in Madison county in western Tennessee. It lies about 80 miles (130 kilometers) northeast of Memphis. Jackson has several popular tourist spots…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/101937-003-3F80CC98.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/the-Jackson-5/311854">Jackson 5, the</a> </dd> <dl>From their humble beginnings in the mid-1960s, the American pop band the Jackson 5 became one of the most successful African American vocal groups in pop music history. The…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/161916-003-AD1FDB82.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson-State-University/327392">Jackson State University</a> </dd> <dl>Jackson State University is a public, historically black university in Jackson, Mississippi. The institution began in 1877 as Natchez Seminary, becoming a state college in…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Alan-Jackson/605608">Jackson, Alan</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1958).The American singer-songwriter Alan Jackson was one of the most popular male country music artists of the 1990s and early 21st century. He received many awards,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/63/215963-003-62F694A5.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Andrew-Jackson/275112">Jackson, Andrew</a> </dd> <dl>(1767–1845). With a humble political background, Andrew Jackson introduced a new type of democracy in the country when he became the seventh president of the United States in…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson-Bo/311844">Jackson, Bo</a> </dd> <dl>(Vincent Edward Jackson) (born 1962), U.S. baseball and football player, born in Bessemer, Ala.; attended Auburn University 1982–86; Heisman Trophy winner for football 1985;…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/231167-003-4ADB6EB1.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Erin-Jackson/634150">Jackson, Erin</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1992). At the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, China, American speed skater Erin Jackson captured the gold medal in the women’s 500-meter long-track event. She was…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/08/153008-003-28F6BEE7.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Glenda-Jackson/443049">Jackson, Glenda</a> </dd> <dl>(1936–2023). British stage and motion-picture actress Glenda Jackson was noted for her tense portrayals of complex women. Her signature screen characters were typically…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/19140-003-DC2CD6C5.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Helen-Hunt-Jackson/311845">Jackson, Helen Hunt</a> </dd> <dl>(1830–85). Widely recognized for her poetry, which drew the praise of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and essays, Helen Hunt Jackson was best known for her novel Ramona, which…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Howell-E-Jackson/327370">Jackson, Howell E.</a> </dd> <dl>(1832–95). U.S. lawyer Howell Jackson was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1893 to 1895. He developed tuberculosis shortly after his…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/139499-003-201DA798.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Janet-Jackson/311846">Jackson, Janet</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1966). American singer and actress Janet Jackson was one of the most popular recording artists of the 1980s and ’90s. A member of Motown’s famed Jackson family, she…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/74/1774-003-EFB26D7C.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jesse-Jackson/275113">Jackson, Jesse</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1941). The first African American to ever seek nomination for the U.S. presidency, civil-rights leader Jesse Jackson established himself as a dominant political force…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/98/236198-003-3BB344E6.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Ketanji-Brown-Jackson/634255">Jackson, Ketanji Brown</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1970). Ketanji Brown Jackson was the first African American woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. On February 25, 2022, President Joe Biden…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/144820-003-82D6D1FC.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Lisa-Jackson/473916">Jackson, Lisa</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1962). Lisa Jackson served as commissioner of New Jersey’s department of environmental protection from 2006 to 2008. She then spent four years as administrator of the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/33/163233-003-3BEC276B.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson-Mahalia/311847">Jackson, Mahalia</a> </dd> <dl>(1911–72). With her booming, soulful voice, African American gospel singer Mahalia Jackson belted out hymns and spirituals with an intensity and richness that made her famous…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/204324-003-F1F380D5.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Mary-Jackson/628741">Jackson, Mary</a> </dd> <dl>(1921–2005). The first African American female engineer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was Mary Jackson. She was a mathematician as well as an…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Maynard-Jackson/311848">Jackson, Maynard</a> </dd> <dl>(1938–2003). U.S. politician Maynard Jackson was elected in 1973 as the first African American mayor of Atlanta, Ga. At the age of 35, he was also the youngest person to…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/73/143473-003-30E9E610.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Michael-Jackson/311849">Jackson, Michael</a> </dd> <dl>(1958–2009). World renowned as the “King of Pop,” U.S. singer, songwriter, producer, and dancer Michael Jackson was among the most popular entertainers in the music industry…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/49/197049-003-65912EAD.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Milt-Jackson/606744">Jackson, Milt</a> </dd> <dl>(1923–99). American jazz musician Milt Jackson was the first and most influential vibraphone improviser (see percussion instrument) of the postwar, modern jazz era. He…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/60/93460-003-C76EA875.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Peter-Jackson/605671">Jackson, Peter</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1961). New Zealand director Peter Jackson was perhaps best known for his film adaptation of English author J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. He won Academy Awards…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Phil-Jackson/311850">Jackson, Phil</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1945). U.S. basketball coach Phil Jackson led the Chicago Bulls and then the Los Angeles Lakers on a remarkable run of National Basketball Association (NBA)…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/151711-003-11AA118D.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Rachel-Jackson/351343">Jackson, Rachel</a> </dd> <dl>(1767–1828). Although Rachel Jackson did not live to see her husband, Andrew Jackson, sworn in as the seventh president of the United States, she was one of the earliest…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/68/128668-003-FCFAD1EA.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Randy-Jackson/470880">Jackson, Randy</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1956). American singer, bass guitarist, and record producer Randy Jackson became well-known when he served as a judge on the television singing competition show…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/26151-003-F66CADE7.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Reggie-Jackson/311851">Jackson, Reggie</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1946). His powerful left-handed batting on the teams that won five World Series earned U.S. professional baseball player Reggie Jackson the nickname Mr. October. His…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/07/115307-003-F8333546.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Robert-H-Jackson/327377">Jackson, Robert H.</a> </dd> <dl>(1892–1954). U.S. lawyer Robert Jackson was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1941 to 1954. He is remembered as a vigorous and clear legal…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/77/191077-003-CA5FCDD7.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Samuel-L-Jackson/311852">Jackson, Samuel L.</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1948). After two decades of appearing in theater, television, and film, American actor Samuel L. Jackson became a Hollywood celebrity in the 1990s following a…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Sheldon-Jackson/311853">Jackson, Sheldon</a> </dd> <dl>(1834–1909). American Presbyterian missionary and educator Sheldon Jackson established churches and schools across the United States in the second half of the 1800s. He was…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Shirley-Jackson/327378">Jackson, Shirley</a> </dd> <dl>(1916–65). The works of U.S. novelist and short-story writer Shirley Jackson are often macabre explorations of the chaos and evil that lurk just beneath the surface of…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/78/1778-003-1276613B.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Stonewall-Jackson/275115">Jackson, Stonewall</a> </dd> <dl>(1824–63). Confederate General Stonewall Jackson was one of the most skillful tacticians in the American Civil War. He is widely considered the ablest of the generals who…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jackson-Travis/327380">Jackson, Travis</a> </dd> <dl>(1903–87), U.S. baseball player, born in Waldo, Ark.; played with New York Giants 1922–36; shortstop with exceptional range and strong arm; switched to playing third base…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Wes-Jackson/608520">Jackson, Wes</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1936). American scientist Wes Jackson worked to revolutionize agriculture. He was born on June 15, 1936, in Topeka, Kansas, into a farming family. After receiving a…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/160344-003-361DA17B.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/William-Henry-Jackson/327381">Jackson, William Henry</a> </dd> <dl>(1843–1942). American photographer and artist William Henry Jackson was one of the best-known photographers of the Western landscape and of Native Americans in the 19th…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/08/64608-003-96FFAEB5.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacksonville/275116">Jacksonville</a> </dd> <dl>The city of Jacksonville has grown prosperous as a shipping, commercial, banking, and industrial center. Jacksonville, in northeastern Florida, is located on a bend of the…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacksonville-Jaguars/571012">Jacksonville Jaguars</a> </dd> <dl>The Jacksonville Jaguars are a professional football team that plays in the American Football Conference (AFC) of the National Football League (NFL). They are based in…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacksonville-State-University/327387">Jacksonville State University</a> </dd> <dl>Jacksonville State University is a public institution of higher education in Jacksonville, Alabama, about 75 miles (120 kilometers) northeast of Birmingham. It was founded as…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/98/161098-003-B269A01C.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacksonville-University/327388">Jacksonville University</a> </dd> <dl>Jacksonville University is a private institution of higher education in Jacksonville, Florida, across the St. Johns River from the downtown area. Originally founded as a…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/231217-003-3F6E2F79.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Lindsey-Jacobellis/634159">Jacobellis, Lindsey</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1985). American snowboarder Lindsey Jacobellis was one of the world’s top competitors in the alpine event known as snowboard cross. In that event multiple riders race…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Carl-Jacobi/327398">Jacobi, Carl</a> </dd> <dl>(1804–51). German mathematician Carl Jacobi who, with Niels Henrik Abel of Norway, founded the theory of elliptic functions. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi was born on December 10,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/212838-003-33B83869.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Derek-Jacobi/626673">Jacobi, Derek</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1938). English actor Derek Jacobi was known for his forceful, commanding stage presence. In addition to acting in the theater, notably in many plays by William…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/161127-003-502D2D62.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacobins/275117">Jacobins</a> </dd> <dl>The most powerful influence of the French Revolution was exercised by the Jacobins. Jacobin clubs were formed throughout France to preserve the advances made by the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/53/164853-003-5A31BEB2.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Harriet-A-Jacobs/624006">Jacobs, Harriet A.</a> </dd> <dl>(1813–97). American abolitionist Harriet A. Jacobs was noted for writing an autobiography on her experiences as a slave. Self-published in 1861 under a pseudonym, Incidents…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Helen-Hull-Jacobs/311855">Jacobs, Helen Hull</a> </dd> <dl>(1908–97). U.S. tennis player Helen Hull Jacobs was born on Aug. 8, 1908, in Globe, Ariz. She shared a rivalry with Helen Wills that dominated women’s tennis between 1928 and…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/134536-003-5E6067C3.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jane-Jacobs/311856">Jacobs, Jane</a> </dd> <dl>(1916–2006). U.S.-born Canadian urbanologist Jane Jacobs was noted for her clear and original observations on urban life and its problems. Her highly influential 1961 book,…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jacobs-Lou/311857">Jacobs, Lou</a> </dd> <dl>(1903–92), German-born U.S. circus performer. Lou Jacobs entertained audiences for more than 60 years as the master clown of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Marc-Jacobs/574579">Jacobs, Marc</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1963). American fashion designer Marc Jacobs was best known for bringing his own interpretation of popular culture trends to the clothes he designed. His grunge…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/23/161123-003-5E231C03.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/WW-Jacobs/327403">Jacobs, W.W.</a> </dd> <dl>(1863–1943). English short-story writer and humorist W.W. Jacobs is best known for his classic horror story “The Monkey’s Paw.” He also wrote many sea stories. William Wymark…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/10717-003-242E56D6.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jens-Peter-Jacobsen/275119">Jacobsen, Jens Peter</a> </dd> <dl>(1847–85). The novelist and poet who inaugurated the naturalist movement in Danish literature was Jens Peter Jacobsen. An ardent student of the natural sciences, he also…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/206544-003-CEBCAEF6.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Joseph-Marie-Jacquard/275120">Jacquard, Joseph-Marie</a> </dd> <dl>(1752–1834). The inventor of the loom that served as the incentive for the technological revolution of the textile industry was Joseph-Marie Jacquard. The loom, which could…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/30/161830-003-8E69E42C.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Brian-Jacques/571093">Jacques, Brian</a> </dd> <dl>(1939–2011). British author Brian Jacques was known for his fantasy-adventure series of children’s stories titled Redwall. The stories follow the adventures of brave mice in…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/1782-003-0D33EC46.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jade/327331">jade</a> </dd> <dl>A tough, compact, typically green gemstone that takes a high polish, jade has been carved into jewelry, ornaments, small sculptures, and everyday objects from the earliest…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/86/143086-003-2D785202.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jaeger/327408">jaeger</a> </dd> <dl>A seabird, the jaeger belongs with the skuas to the family Stercorariidae. The jaegers are dark, falconlike birds that chase gulls and terns, forcing them to drop their catch…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Irving-Jaffee/343773">Jaffee, Irving</a> </dd> <dl>(1906–1981). A dominant force in speed skating in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Irving Jaffee set world records at a variety of distances and won two Olympic gold medals.…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/136561-003-9CF3181F.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Janet-Jagan/627173">Jagan, Janet</a> </dd> <dl>(1920–2009). The first woman to be elected president of a country in South America was Janet Jagan, an American-born Guyanese politician. She served as president of Guyana…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jagannatha/327409">Jagannatha</a> </dd> <dl>Meaning “Lord of the World” in Sanskrit, Jagannatha (or Jagannath) is the form under which the Hindu god Krishna is worshiped at Puri, Odisha (Orissa), and at Ballabhpur,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/64911-003-455D9732.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jagiellon-dynasty/275121">Jagiellon dynasty</a> </dd> <dl>The monarchs that ruled over Poland-Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary in the 15th and 16th centuries were members of the Jagiellon family. They took their name from Jagiello,…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jaromir-Jagr/311858">Jagr, Jaromir</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1972). The Czech Republic men’s hockey team triumphantly took their first gold medal ever at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, with superstar right wing…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/45/156545-003-A8B97C83.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jaguar/275122">jaguar</a> </dd> <dl>The jaguar is the largest member of the cat family living in the Americas. It was once found from the southern United States to southern Argentina. However, it is now a…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/14/10714-003-7AB790D5.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn/327411">Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig</a> </dd> <dl>(1778–1852). Known as the Father of Gymnastics, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn founded the Turnverein (gymnastic club) movement in Germany. He was a fervent patriot who believed that…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/47/63147-003-6B5AC2F4.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/jai-alai/275124">jai alai</a> </dd> <dl>The game now commonly called jai alai was first played by the Spanish Basques who called the sport pelota vasca. Jai alai (pronounced high lie) means “merry festival” in the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/149711-003-74BFF34F.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jailhouse-Rock/625612">Jailhouse Rock</a> </dd> <dl>The American rock-and-roll film Jailhouse Rock (1957) starred Elvis Presley in his third screen role. Widely considered his best film, it is primarily distinguished by a…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/105705-003-7F7A65E9.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jainism/275123">Jainism</a> </dd> <dl>Along with Hinduism and Buddhism, Jainism is one of the major religions that developed within the ancient civilization of India. The name of the religion derives from the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/74132-003-61240A97.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jaipur/327413">Jaipur</a> </dd> <dl>The city of Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan state in northwestern India. Located in the east-central part of the state, it is by far Rajasthan’s largest city. Jaipur is…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/07/64607-003-20E8E4CB.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jakarta/275125">Jakarta</a> </dd> <dl>The cultures of Java, India, China, and the Netherlands all contribute to the complex character of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. Jakarta lies on the northwest coast…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Milos-Jakes/327417">Jakes, Milos</a> </dd> <dl>(1922–2020). The first secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987 to 1989, Milos Jakes was forced from power by a series of prodemocracy rallies in Prague,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/10401-003-C54602CB.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jalal-al-Din-al-Rumi/275126">Jalal al-Din al-Rumi</a> </dd> <dl>(1207–73). The greatest of the Islamic mystic poets in the Persian language and whose disciples founded an order of mystics known as Whirling Dervishes was Jalal al-Din…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/69/99169-003-FD4EF4B6.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jalisco/327419">Jalisco</a> </dd> <dl>The state of Jalisco is located in west-central Mexico. It borders the states of Nayarit to the northwest, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes to the north, San Luis Potosí and…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/5120-003-619A1E21.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jamaica/275127">Jamaica</a> </dd> <dl>Jamaica is an island country of the West Indies. It is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea, after Cuba and Hispaniola. Many travelers regard Jamaica as one of the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/69/102069-003-7EDF73C0.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-I/603554">James I</a> </dd> <dl>(1566–1625). James I was already King James VI of Scotland when he came to the English throne as the first of the Stuart line of monarchs. From 1603 to 1625 he ruled both…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/88/1788-003-23103D54.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-II/603555">James II</a> </dd> <dl>(1633–1701). James II reigned as king of Great Britain for only three years, from 1685 to 1688. Like his grandfather, James I, and his father, Charles I, he firmly believed…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/161099-003-AF2780AC.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-Madison-University/327438">James Madison University</a> </dd> <dl>James Madison University is a public institution of higher education in Harrisonburg, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley. The institution’s history traces back to the State…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/84/1784-003-816F7F95.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-V/327444">James V</a> </dd> <dl>(1512–42). King James V of Scotland was born on April 10, 1512, in Linlithgow, Scotland. After succeeding to the throne in 1513, he refused to become involved in the policies…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/136932-003-768D7BAC.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-Webb-Space-Telescope/634461">James Webb Space Telescope</a> </dd> <dl>The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space-based observatory with a large, powerful telescope. It was launched on December 25, 2021, and placed in orbit around the Sun.…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/23159-003-71C2A37A.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Etta-James/606671">James, Etta</a> </dd> <dl>(1938–2012). An American entertainer, Etta James first found success as a rhythm-and-blues singer in the 1950s. Over the years her voice grew rougher and deeper, and she…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Gordon-C-James/630960">James, Gordon C.</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1973). American painter Gordon C. James began to illustrate children’s books in the mid-2000s. He provided the illustrations for Derrick Barnes’s picture book Crown: An…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/160565-003-01845287.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Harry-James/327425">James, Harry</a> </dd> <dl>(1916–83). The U.S. trumpeter and bandleader Harry James was a major figure of the swingtime big-band era. He rose to fame with the Benny Goodman Orchestra before forming his…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/10709-003-C930DBAB.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Henry-James/275128">James, Henry</a> </dd> <dl>(1843–1916). One of the most productive and influential American writers, Henry James was a master of fiction. He enlarged the form, was innovative with it, and placed upon…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jesse-James/275130">James, Jesse</a> </dd> <dl>(1847–82). Celebrated in song, story, and movies, the legend of outlaw Jesse James has become a permanent part of the lore of the 19th-century American West. For 16 years,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/233519-003-91E1B8FA.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/LeBron-James/488618">James, LeBron</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1984). After entering the National Basketball Association (NBA) directly from high school in 2003, LeBron James quickly established himself as one of the league’s…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/PD-James/311859">James, P.D.</a> </dd> <dl>(1920–2014). In January 1991, British mystery writer Phyllis Dorothy James White became Baroness James, but her readers recognized the novelist wrapped in the ermine robes of…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/230828-003-7B9EA2DA.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Scotty-James/633166">James, Scotty</a> </dd> <dl>(born 1994). Australian snowboarder Scotty James won the bronze medal in the halfpipe event at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in P’yongch’ang (Pyeongchang), South Korea. He…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/James-Thomas/327428">James, Thomas</a> </dd> <dl>(1782–1847), U.S. trader and trapper; with Missouri Fur Company’s first expedition (1809) and later with Andrew Henry in Wyoming; made trading expedition to Santa Fe (1821)…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Thomas-Lemuel-James/327429">James, Thomas Lemuel</a> </dd> <dl>(1831–1916). American public official Thomas Lemuel James held a series of politically appointed offices in New York. He served a brief tenure as U.S. postmaster general…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/171848-003-32D04149.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Will-James/327430">James, Will</a> </dd> <dl>(1892–1942). U.S. author and illustrator Will James used first-hand experience to create some 20 books about cowboys and horses for children and adults. Conversational…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/10/10710-003-31430B4E.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/William-James/275132">James, William</a> </dd> <dl>(1842–1910). The American philosopher and psychologist William James had a remarkable variety of talents. Most notably he was a leader in the movement known as pragmatism,…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Storm-Jameson/327433">Jameson, Storm</a> </dd> <dl>(1891–1986). The novels of British author Storm Jameson were popular in England in the 1930s and 1940s. Her work often had a feminist slant. Margaret Storm Jameson was born…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/80/83680-003-66584A4F.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jamestown-Colony/275133">Jamestown Colony</a> </dd> <dl>The Jamestown Colony was the first permanent English settlement in America. It was founded on May 14, 1607, on a peninsula of the James River in what is now the state of…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/73/175473-003-044E758C.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/University-of-Jamestown/311860">Jamestown, University of</a> </dd> <dl>The University of Jamestown is a private institution of higher education in Jamestown, North Dakota, 90 miles (145 kilometers) west of Fargo. It is affiliated with the…</dl> </li> <li> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jamhuri-Day/623746">Jamhuri Day</a> </dd> <dl>Jamhuri Day, also called Independence Day, is one of the most important national holidays in Kenya. It is observed on December 12. The holiday formally marks the date of the…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/127627-003-3EA57F6B.jpg" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jammu-and-Kashmir/275134">Jammu and Kashmir</a> </dd> <dl>Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory of India. Formerly a state of India, it is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India,…</dl> </li> <li> <div class="thumb"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/150671-003-2764C43D.gif" alt=""/></div> <dd> <a href="/students/article/Jan-Mayen/327462">Jan Mayen</a> </dd> <dl>An island of the Kingdom of Norway, Jan Mayen lies in the Greenland Sea of the Arctic Ocean, about 300 miles (500 kilometers) east of Greenland. It is approximately 35 miles…</dl> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <nav class="text-center " role="navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="disabled"><a href="#"><i class="fontello-icon-left-dir"><span class="visuallyhidden">Previous Page</span></i></a></li> <li class="active"> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/1" class="">1</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/2" class="">2</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/3" class="">3</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/4" class="">4</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/5" class="">5</a> </li> <li> <a href="/students/browse/alpha/j/2" class=""><i class="fontello-icon-right-dir"><span class="visuallyhidden">Next Page</span></i></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="shared-pusher"></div> </div> <div id="shared-footer"> <div class="footer-container container"> <ul class="mt-5 mt-sm-0"> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Privacy Notice</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/diversity" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Diversity</a></li> </ul> ©2024 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. </div> </div> <div class="bk-cookie-alert-snackbar bk-snackbar container" data-toggle="snackbar"> <div class="bk-snackbar-content text-uppercase font-weight-700"> By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our <a href="http://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a>. </div> <div class="bk-snackbar-dismiss" data-toggle="dismiss">×</div> </div> <script src="/resources/dist/kids-webapp.js?v=1.22.12"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/underscore.js?v=1.22.12"></script> <script src="//content.jwplatform.com/libraries/VGqLaTNh.js"></script> <script> window.EB = EB || {}; EB.Page.init(''); </script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-6636134-22', 'auto'); ga('set', 'dimension1', 'ANONYMOUS'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Britannica Kids