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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-发展歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发展歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>发展歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发展歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>研究方法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-研究方法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关研究方法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-研究方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-觀測研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀測研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>觀測研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-觀測研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理論研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理論研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>理論研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理論研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-數值模式研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數值模式研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>數值模式研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數值模式研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-實驗研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#實驗研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>實驗研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-實驗研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气象学概念与研究主题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气象学概念与研究主题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>气象学概念与研究主题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气象学概念与研究主题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气象学的研究尺度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气象学的研究尺度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>气象学的研究尺度</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-气象学的研究尺度-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关气象学的研究尺度子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-气象学的研究尺度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-行星尺度（气候尺度）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行星尺度（气候尺度）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>行星尺度（气候尺度）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行星尺度（气候尺度）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大尺度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大尺度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>大尺度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大尺度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中尺度（天气尺度）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中尺度（天气尺度）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>中尺度（天气尺度）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中尺度（天气尺度）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-小尺度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#小尺度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>小尺度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-小尺度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>应用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-应用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关应用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-天气预报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天气预报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>天气预报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天气预报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工农业生产" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工农业生产"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>工农业生产</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工农业生产-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-户外大型活动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#户外大型活动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>户外大型活动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-户外大型活动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>另见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">气象学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。137种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloch%C3%ADa" title="Meteorolochía – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Meteorolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم الأرصاد الجوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الأرصاد الجوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميطورولوجيا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ميطورولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميتيورولوجيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميتيورولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolox%C3%ADa" title="Meteoroloxía – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Meteoroloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="متورولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="متورولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteuoruoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Meteuoruoluogėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meteuoruoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Метэаралогія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Метэаралогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мэтэаралёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтэаралёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मौसम बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আবহাওয়াবিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবহাওয়াবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="གནམ་གཤིས་རིག་པ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiezh" title="Meteorologiezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meteorologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9-chi%C3%B4ng" title="Ké-chiông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-chiông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کەشناسی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەشناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroleg" title="Meteoroleg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meteoroleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μετεωρολογία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετεωρολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteologio" title="Meteologio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meteologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolog%C3%ADa" title="Meteorología – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meteorología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloogia" title="Meteoroloogia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meteoroloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هواشناسی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هواشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmatiid%C3%BCs" title="Ilmatiidüs – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ilmatiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Veðurfrøði – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Veðurfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Météorologie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Météorologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8t%C3%A8orologia" title="Mètèorologia – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mètèorologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4%C3%A4derkunde" title="Wääderkunde – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wääderkunde" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waarkunde" title="Waarkunde – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Waarkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meit%C3%A9areola%C3%ADocht" title="Meitéareolaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meitéareolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9yoroloji" title="Météyoroloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Météyoroloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B2las-s%C3%ACde" title="Eòlas-sìde – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eòlas-sìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolox%C3%ADa" title="Meteoroloxía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Meteoroloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="מטאורולוגיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטאורולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteyoloji" title="Meteyoloji – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Meteyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorol%C3%B3gia" title="Meteorológia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meteorológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օդերևութաբանություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օդերևութաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologio" title="Meteorologio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meteorologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Veðurfræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Veðurfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="気象学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気象学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miitaralaji" title="Miitaralaji – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Miitaralaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/timske" title="timske – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="timske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეტეოროლოგია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტეოროლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="기상학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기상학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloj%C3%AE" title="Meteorolojî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meteorolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolojiya" title="Meteorolojiya – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Meteorolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolojia" title="Meteorolojia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Meteorolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteurulug%C3%ADa" title="Meteurulugía – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Meteurulugía" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metey%C3%B3" title="Meteyó – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Meteyó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ອຸຕຸນິຍົມວິທະຍາ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອຸຕຸນິຍົມວິທະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolo%C4%A3ija" title="Meteoroloģija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meteoroloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Метеорологија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метеорологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അന്തരീക്ഷവിജ്ഞാനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തരീക്ഷവിജ്ഞാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="हवामानशास्त्र – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामानशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="မိုးလေဝသပညာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုးလေဝသပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मौसम विज्ञान – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मौसम विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienche_du_temps" title="Scienche du temps – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Scienche du temps" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موسمیات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موسمیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="هواپوهنه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هواپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit%27a_yachay" title="Mit'a yachay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mit'a yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologie" title="Meteorologie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meteorologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meteorologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitiurulugg%C3%ACa" title="Mitiuruluggìa – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitiuruluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කාලගුණ විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාලගුණ විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meteorology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorol%C3%B3gia" title="Meteorológia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meteorológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meteorologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologjia" title="Meteorologjia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meteorologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Метеорологија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метеорологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meteorologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metorolojia" title="Metorolojia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metorolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வானிலையியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானிலையியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ҳавошиносӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳавошиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="อุตุนิยมวิทยา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุตุนิยมวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologi%C3%BDa" title="Meteorologiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Meteorologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroloji" title="Meteoroloji – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meteoroloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi_ya_maxele" title="Sayensi ya maxele – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi ya maxele" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Метеорология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Метеорологія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метеорологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موسمیات – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موسمیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologiya" title="Meteorologiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meteorologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoro%C5%82ozia" title="Meteorołozia – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Meteorołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khí tượng học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí tượng học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meterolodjeye" title="Meterolodjeye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Meterolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorolohiya" title="Meteorolohiya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Meteorolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气象学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეტეოროლოგია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეტეოროლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מעטעאראלאגיע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטעאראלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-si%C5%8Dng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Khì-siōng-ha̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-siōng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="氣象學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣象學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25261#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94" title="天气">天气</a>條目系列之一</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94" title="天气">天气</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg/200px-Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg/300px-Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg/400px-Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%8A%82" title="季节">溫帶及極地季節</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%AD%A3" title="春季">春季</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3" title="夏季">夏季</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%AD%A3" title="秋季">秋季</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%98%BC" title="极昼">極晝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%A4%9C" title="极夜">极夜</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带">熱帶季節</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E5%AD%A3" title="旱季">旱季</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈麥丹風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Harmattan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%BA%A5%E4%B8%B9%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈麥丹風（页面不存在）">哈麥丹風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmattan" class="extiw" title="en:Harmattan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Harmattan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%AD%A3" title="雨季">雨季</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="风暴">风暴</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E9%9B%A8%E4%BA%91" title="积雨云">积雨云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E7%8B%80%E9%9B%B2" title="弧狀雲">弧狀雲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%93%8A%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="下擊暴流">下擊暴流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%8B%E6%93%8A%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="微下擊暴流">微下擊暴流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="熱暴流">熱暴流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反射回波" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Derecho"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%9E%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反射回波（页面不存在）">反射回波</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho" class="extiw" title="en:Derecho"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Derecho</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%9B%B7" title="火山雷">火山雷</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣團雷暴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air-mass thunderstorm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%98%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣團雷暴（页面不存在）">氣團雷暴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-mass_thunderstorm" class="extiw" title="en:Air-mass thunderstorm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air-mass thunderstorm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%89%93%E9%9B%AA" title="雷打雪">雷打雪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乾燥雷暴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dry thunderstorm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%BE%E7%87%A5%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乾燥雷暴（页面不存在）">乾燥雷暴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_thunderstorm" class="extiw" title="en:Dry thunderstorm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dry thunderstorm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內消旋旋風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesocyclone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E6%B6%88%E6%97%8B%E6%97%8B%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內消旋旋風（页面不存在）">內消旋旋風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocyclone" class="extiw" title="en:Mesocyclone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesocyclone</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%93" title="超级单体">超大胞</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="龍捲風">龍捲風</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反氣旋龍捲風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anticyclonic tornado"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反氣旋龍捲風（页面不存在）">反氣旋龍捲風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclonic_tornado" class="extiw" title="en:Anticyclonic tornado"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anticyclonic tornado</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2" title="陸龍捲">陸龍捲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="海龍捲風">海龍捲風</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="塵捲風">塵捲風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2" title="火龍捲">火龍捲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="反气旋">反气旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="气旋">气旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8E%E5%A3%93" title="極地低壓">極地低壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="溫帶氣旋">溫帶氣旋</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲風暴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European windstorm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲風暴（页面不存在）">歐洲風暴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_windstorm" class="extiw" title="en:European windstorm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European windstorm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="东北风暴">東北風暴</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="副熱帶氣旋">副熱帶氣旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="熱帶氣旋">熱帶氣旋</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大西洋颶風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Atlantic hurricane"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%A2%B6%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋颶風（页面不存在）">大西洋颶風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" class="extiw" title="en:Atlantic hurricane"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Atlantic hurricane</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE" title="风暴潮">风暴潮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%98%E6%9A%B4" title="沙尘暴">沙尘暴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="萨姆风">萨姆风</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈布風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haboob"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈布風（页面不存在）">哈布風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haboob" class="extiw" title="en:Haboob"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haboob</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E" title="季风">季风</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律賓信風" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amihan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律賓信風（页面不存在）">菲律賓信風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihan" class="extiw" title="en:Amihan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amihan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%88%E9%A2%A8" title="烈風">烈風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%AF%E9%A3%8E" title="西洛可风">西洛可风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD%E6%9A%B4%E9%A2%A8" title="火災暴風">火災暴風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4" title="冬季风暴">冬季風暴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%9A%B4" title="冰暴">冰暴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%9A%B4" title="雪暴">雪暴</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地面暴風雪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ground blizzard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E6%9A%B4%E9%A2%A8%E9%9B%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地面暴風雪（页面不存在）">地面暴風雪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_blizzard" class="extiw" title="en:Ground blizzard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ground blizzard</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="飑雪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Snow squall"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%91%E9%9B%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飑雪（页面不存在）">飑雪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_squall" class="extiw" title="en:Snow squall"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Snow squall</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%A8" title="毛毛雨">毛毛雨</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冻毛毛雨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Freezing drizzle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%BB%E6%AF%9B%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冻毛毛雨（页面不存在）">冻毛毛雨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_drizzle" class="extiw" title="en:Freezing drizzle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Freezing drizzle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0" title="霰">霰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大型冰雹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Megacryometeor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大型冰雹（页面不存在）">大型冰雹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacryometeor" class="extiw" title="en:Megacryometeor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Megacryometeor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%8F%A0" title="冰珠">冰珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3%E5%B0%98" title="钻石尘">钻石尘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E9%9B%A8" title="冻雨">冻雨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8" title="暴雨">豪雨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%A4%BE%E9%9B%AA" title="雨夾雪">雨夾雪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雪粒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Snow grains"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪粒（页面不存在）">雪粒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_grains" class="extiw" title="en:Snow grains"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Snow grains</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雪輥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Snow roller"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E8%BC%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪輥（页面不存在）">雪輥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_roller" class="extiw" title="en:Snow roller"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Snow roller</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雪泥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slush"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E6%B3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪泥（页面不存在）">雪泥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush" class="extiw" title="en:Slush"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slush</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣象學主題列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of meteorology topics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣象學主題列表（页面不存在）">主題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_meteorology_topics" class="extiw" title="en:Index of meteorology topics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of meteorology topics</span></a></span>）</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣層">大氣層</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">大氣化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="大氣對流">大氣對流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="大氣河流">大氣河流</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">雲物理學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%A7" title="霧">霧</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霧季" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fog season"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%A7%E5%AD%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霧季（页面不存在）">霧季</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog_season" class="extiw" title="en:Fog season"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fog season</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%B5%81" class="mw-disambig" title="寒流">寒流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B5%AA" title="热浪">热浪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E6%B0%A3%E6%B5%81" title="高速氣流">高速氣流</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">气象学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AF%B9%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94" title="强对流天气">强对流天气</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="惡劣天氣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Severe weather"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A1%E5%8A%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惡劣天氣（页面不存在）">惡劣天氣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_weather" class="extiw" title="en:Severe weather"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Severe weather</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="極端天氣">極端天氣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="惡劣天氣現象列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of severe weather phenomena"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A1%E5%8A%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惡劣天氣現象列表（页面不存在）">惡劣天氣現象列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_severe_weather_phenomena" class="extiw" title="en:List of severe weather phenomena"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of severe weather phenomena</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>各國惡劣天氣術語列表 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大惡劣天氣術語列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Severe weather terminology (Canada)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%83%A1%E5%8A%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大惡劣天氣術語列表（页面不存在）">加拿大惡劣天氣術語列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Canada)" class="extiw" title="en:Severe weather terminology (Canada)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Severe weather terminology (Canada)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本惡劣天氣術語列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Severe weather terminology (Japan)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%A1%E5%8A%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本惡劣天氣術語列表（页面不存在）">日本惡劣天氣術語列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Japan)" class="extiw" title="en:Severe weather terminology (Japan)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Severe weather terminology (Japan)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國惡劣天氣術語列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Severe weather terminology (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%83%A1%E5%8A%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國惡劣天氣術語列表（页面不存在）">美國惡劣天氣術語列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Severe weather terminology (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Severe weather terminology (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5" title="天气预报">天气预报</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人為天氣改變" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Weather modification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%82%BA%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人為天氣改變（页面不存在）">人為天氣改變</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_modification" class="extiw" title="en:Weather modification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Weather modification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><b>詞彙表</b></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣象學詞彙表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of meteorology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣象學詞彙表（页面不存在）">氣象學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of meteorology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of meteorology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氣候變化詞彙表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of climate change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候變化詞彙表（页面不存在）">氣候變化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of climate change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of climate change</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="龍捲風詞彙表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of tornado terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龍捲風詞彙表（页面不存在）">龍捲風</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tornado_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of tornado terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of tornado terms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱帶氣旋詞彙表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of tropical cyclone terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱帶氣旋詞彙表（页面不存在）">熱帶氣旋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_tropical_cyclone_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of tropical cyclone terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of tropical cyclone terms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#ccc 1px solid; border-bottom:#ccc 1px solid;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/16px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/24px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1" title="Portal:氣象">氣象主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天氣"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a></b>。</div> <p><b>气象学</b>（英語：<span lang="en">meteorology</span>）是把<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大气">大气</a>当作研究的客体，从定性和定量两方面来说明大气特征的学科，集中研究大气的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94" title="天气">天气</a>情况和变化规律和对天气的预报。气象学是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a>的一个分支<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><b>天气学</b>（synoptic meteorology）又稱<b>綜觀氣象學</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是大气科学中研究各种天气现象发生发展的规律，以及应用这些规律来制作天气预报的学科<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；其為專門對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%96" title="天氣圖">天氣圖</a>資料之研究與分析的一種氣象學，內容包含地面氣象觀測、高空圖、熱力圖及衛星雲圖分析，為每日天氣預報的主要依據。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发展歷史"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>发展歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：发展歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一位建立氣象學的人是古<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里士多德">亞里士多德</a>。在他的專書《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%AF%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氣象匯論">氣象匯論</a>》中，他最先敘述和粗淺地解釋了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">風</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="雲">雲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7" title="雷">雷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="雹">雹</a>等天氣現象，而這書是世界上最早的氣象書籍。直到18-19世紀，由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="物理學">物理學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>的發展以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="氣壓">氣壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濕度">濕度</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">風</a>等測量儀器的陸續發明德國人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布德蘭（页面不存在）">布德蘭</a>繪製了第一張地面<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%96" title="天氣圖">天氣圖</a>，開創了近代天氣分析和預報方法。1835年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科利奧里（页面不存在）">科利奧里</a>提出風偏轉的概念；而1857年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%B2%9D%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白貝羅（页面不存在）">白貝羅</a>提出風和氣壓的關係，他們的概念都成為大氣動力學和天氣分析的基礎。1854年11月14日<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="克里米亞戰爭">克里米亞戰爭</a>期間，一場暴雨使亨利四世的軍艦及商船毀壞殆盡，造成400人死亡，當時的國防部長瓦揚（<span lang="fr">Vaillant</span>）請天文學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E7%88%BE%E7%8F%AD%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E7%B6%AD%E8%80%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="于爾班·勒維耶">于爾班·勒維耶</a>負責找出原委。經過研究後，于爾班證明這場暴風雨在11月12日即已存在，且在兩天之內便自西北往東南方向襲捲整個歐洲。因此他指出影響天氣的大部份因子都具有遷移性。此次事件使他認為有必要發展氣象學，他促使這門學科在1855年獲得正式地位，現代氣象學就此踏出第一步。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1920年前後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮耶克尼斯（页面不存在）">皮耶克尼斯</a>父子提出了一套名為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E9%8B%92%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極鋒學說（页面不存在）">極鋒學說</a>」的理論，來說明中<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>地區的天氣變化情況。這套理論在1920年代發表之後，至今已有百多年，但仍然是今日作天氣預報的主要理論依據，亦為分析和預報未來1-2天的天氣奠定了理論基礎。1930年代，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%BA%E4%BB%AA" title="无线电探空仪">無線電探空儀</a>的廣泛使用，真正開始了三維空間的大氣科學研究。根據大量探空資料繪製的高空天氣圖，發現了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大氣長波（页面不存在）">大氣長波</a>。1939年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94-%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%9D" title="卡尔-古斯塔夫·罗斯贝">卡尔-古斯塔夫·罗斯贝</a>提出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長波動力學（页面不存在）">長波動力學</a>，他的理論亦對天氣預報有莫大的貢獻。到了1950年代至60年代，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="天气雷达">天氣雷達</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">衛星</a>和遙感的技術的應用，使大氣的各種現象，大至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%81" title="大氣環流">大氣環流</a>，小至雨滴的形成過程，都可依照物理學和化學的數學形式來表示，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學第一定律">熱力學第一定律</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="偏微分">偏微分</a>。從而使大氣科學有了突飛猛進的發展<sup id="cite_ref-香港天氣資訊中心_氣象簡介_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港天氣資訊中心_氣象簡介-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究方法"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>研究方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：研究方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>气象学研究的方法主要有<sup id="cite_ref-香港氣象中心_教育文章_氣象學、天氣學和氣候學_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港氣象中心_教育文章_氣象學、天氣學和氣候學-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="觀測研究"><span id=".E8.A7.80.E6.B8.AC.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>觀測研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：觀測研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>觀測研究是藉觀測去了解不同的大氣現象，可以說是氣象學理論的其中一塊基石，亦是一般<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E6%84%9B%E5%A5%BD%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣象愛好者（页面不存在）">氣象愛好者</a>所關注的。觀測方法亦有很多種，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%AB%99" title="气象站">氣象站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E7%90%83" title="高空氣球">高空氣球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星云图">衛星雲圖</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E9%81%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷達回波圖（页面不存在）">雷達回波圖</a>等。觀測研究不只是觀測，也有一定程度的歸納和分析，例如一句「明天轉冷」，便是一種分析。此外，繪製<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%96" title="天氣圖">天氣圖</a>、整理熱帶氣旋路徑、氣候區域分類等，亦是觀測研究所要做的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="理論研究"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>理論研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：理論研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>理論研究有三大部份，除觀測外，<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="數學">數學</a>對理論研究亦很重要。理論可以從兩方面產生，一方面是從觀測數據中直接建立出來的，例如分析熱帶氣旋強度的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德沃扎克分析法（页面不存在）">德沃扎克分析法</a>，另一方面是從物理理論或其他氣象理論演化出來的，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%BD%89%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地轉方程（页面不存在）">地轉方程</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E7%AD%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣壓梯度方程等（页面不存在）">氣壓梯度方程等</a>。物理理論很多時需要數學的幫助，反過來說，數學語言有時更能使我們明白物理和氣象理論。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="數值模式研究"><span id=".E6.95.B8.E5.80.BC.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>數值模式研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：數值模式研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代的天氣預報即是建立在數值模式上，數值模式透過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非線性方程式（页面不存在）">非線性方程式</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="超級電腦">超級電腦</a>的插點格運算，反演出一地區未來數天天氣。數值模式研究是較少人所認識的，它們都需要相當的理論知識、電腦程序技巧和實驗技巧。數值模式研究會把不同的物理和氣象方程，以電腦程序的方式放進電腦裡，再計算出未來<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濕度">濕度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="氣壓">氣壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%90%91" title="風向">風向</a>等變化，以協助天氣預報或理論研究。 </p><p>比较有名的天气数值模式有： </p> <ul><li>歐洲中期預報中心 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ecmwf.int/">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040811192422/http://www.ecmwf.int/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>美国 UCAR MM5 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/">[2]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091029135243/http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>美國 UCAR WRF <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090328140644/http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80" title="中国气象局">中国气象局</a>开发的 GRAPE <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cma.gov.cn">[4]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200911221116/http://www.cma.gov.cn/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="實驗研究"><span id=".E5.AF.A6.E9.A9.97.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>實驗研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：實驗研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>實驗研究同樣是較少人所認識的，實驗研究因數值模式研究的出現而比往日式微，但亦有其存在價值，例如要驗証某些理論，數值模式研究是做不到的。 </p><p>另外，一些气象学研究需要实地观测数据，往往需要到野外进行实地考察、观测，收集观测数据。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="气象学概念与研究主题"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E8.B1.A1.E5.AD.A6.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5.E4.B8.8E.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E4.B8.BB.E9.A2.98"></span>气象学概念与研究主题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：气象学概念与研究主题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>大气动力学 <ul><li>干空气<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="氣體常數">气体常数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%8A%9B" title="科里奥利力">科里奥利力</a></li> <li>准地转模型</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大气波动（页面不存在）">大气波动</a></li> <li>长波动力学（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%9D%E6%B3%A2" title="罗斯贝波">罗斯贝波</a>、开尔文波）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浅水模型（页面不存在）">浅水模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4-%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="纳维-斯托克斯方程">纳维尔-斯托克斯方程</a></li> <li>w方程</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%8D%E6%B5%81" title="湍流">湍流</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%97%A8%E6%B6%A1%E8%A1%97" title="卡门涡街">卡门涡街</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%9B%A2" title="气团">气团</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="大氣對流">对流</a>概念</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云和降水物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%87%9D%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" title="云凝结核">云凝结核</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%BA%B6%E8%83%B6" title="气溶胶">气溶胶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a>的分类 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E4%BA%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低云（页面不存在）">低云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%91" title="中云">中云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%91" class="mw-redirect" title="高云">高云</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E5%B1%95%E9%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直展雲（页面不存在）">直展雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E4%BA%91" title="积云">积云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E4%BA%91" title="层云">层云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E4%BA%91" title="卷云">卷云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E9%9B%A8%E4%BA%91" title="积雨云">积雨云</a></li> <li>冰云、水云、混合云</li></ul></li> <li>气象要素、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5" title="天气预报">天气预报</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">气温</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%BA%A6" title="湿度">湿度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大气压">大气压</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">风</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/300px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/450px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/600px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="國際太空站">國際太空站</a>拍攝的颶</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%96" title="天氣圖">天气图</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%A3%93%E7%B7%9A" title="等壓線">等压线</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%8A%BF%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="位势高度">位势高度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E6%BA%AB" title="位溫">位温</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E7%9B%B4%E6%B8%9B%E7%8E%87" title="溫度直減率">温度递减率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%A1%E9%87%8F" title="涡量">涡度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E7%82%B9" title="露点">露点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%9C%96" title="氣象衛星雲圖">卫星云图</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>天气系统 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%92%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="鋒面">鋒面</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%94%8B" title="冷锋">冷锋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%96%E9%94%8B" title="暖锋">暖锋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E9%9D%99%E6%AD%A2%E9%94%8B" title="准静止锋">准静止锋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A2%E5%9B%9A%E9%94%8B" title="锢囚锋">锢囚锋</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%80%A5%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="高空急流">高空急流</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%A2%A8%E6%80%A5%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西風急流（页面不存在）">西風急流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="气旋">气旋</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="反气旋">反气旋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%93%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="飓风">飓风</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="台风">台风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="溫帶氣旋">溫帶氣旋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="副熱帶高氣壓">副熱帶高氣壓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B7%E6%B6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冷涡（页面不存在）">冷涡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E8%BC%BB%E5%90%88%E5%B8%B6" title="熱帶輻合帶">热带辐合带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="阻塞高氣壓">阻塞高压</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E6%96%AD%E4%BD%8E%E5%8E%8B" title="切断低压">切断低压</a></li></ul></li> <li>中尺度系统 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%91%E7%BA%BF" title="飑线">颮线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%B2" title="對流雲">对流云</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" title="大氣光學">大气光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%88" title="暈">晕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%99%B9" title="彩虹">彩虹</a>（霓）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="華 (光象)">华</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%92%B0_(%E5%85%89%E8%B1%A1)" title="光環 (光象)">峨眉宝光</a>、假日</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="大气电学">雷电</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7" title="雷">雷</a>、高层大气闪电</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="气候">气候</a>、气象灾害 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%BA%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="厄尔尼诺现象">厄尔尼诺现象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E5%A8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="拉尼娜">拉尼娜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E" title="季风">季风</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%A8" title="信風">信风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">台风</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1" title="干旱">干旱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%98%E6%9A%B4" title="沙尘暴">沙尘暴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%BD%AE" title="寒潮">寒潮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B5%AA" title="热浪">热浪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%9A%B4" title="冰暴">冰暴</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="天氣現象">天气现象</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雾">雾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9F%E9%9B%A8" title="驟雨">阵雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0" title="霰">霰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%8F%A0" title="冰珠">冰珠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E9%9B%A8" title="冻雨">冻雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE%E5%87%87" title="雾凇">雾凇、</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E9%92%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰针（页面不存在）">冰针</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="露">露</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C" title="霜">霜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E5%A4%BE%E9%9B%AA" title="雨夾雪">雨夹雪</a>（霙）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%98%E6%9A%B4" title="沙尘暴">沙尘暴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%BE" title="霾">霾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%A3%8E%E9%9B%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="暴风雪">暴风雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8" title="暴雨">暴雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AF%B9%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94" title="强对流天气">强对流天气</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="龍捲風">龙卷风</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%93%8A%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="下擊暴流">下击暴流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8" title="磁異常">地磁暴</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>气象观测手段 <ul><li>陆基（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%AB%99" title="自動氣象站">自动气象站</a>）、海基（测量船、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E6%A0%87_(%E8%88%AA%E8%B7%AF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86)" title="浮标 (航路标识)">浮标</a>）、空基（航测）、天基（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星遥感（页面不存在）">卫星遥感</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工影响天气（页面不存在）">人工影响天气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E9%99%8D%E9%9B%A8" title="人工降雨">人工降雨</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E9%99%A4%E9%9B%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工除雹（页面不存在）">人工除雹</a></li></ul></li> <li>气象测量仪表和设备 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="风速计">风速计</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="气压表">气压计</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="濕度計">湿度计</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" title="溫度計">温度计</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E9%87%8F%E8%AE%A1" title="雨量计">雨量计</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%90%91%E6%A0%87" title="风向标">风向标</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" title="雷达">雷达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="地球观测卫星">地球观测卫星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="多普勒雷达">多普勒雷达</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="气象学的研究尺度"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E8.B1.A1.E5.AD.A6.E7.9A.84.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6"></span>气象学的研究尺度</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：气象学的研究尺度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="行星尺度（气候尺度）"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.98.9F.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6.EF.BC.88.E6.B0.94.E5.80.99.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6.EF.BC.89"></span>行星尺度（气候尺度）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：行星尺度（气候尺度）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水平尺度达10000公里，大气超长波，超大型系统如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南亚高压（页面不存在）">南亚高压</a>、热带辐合带等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大尺度"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6"></span>大尺度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：大尺度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水平尺度大约1000～10000公里、时间尺度在几周到数月，地区性大型天气系统，比如蒙古高压、夏威夷高压、阿留申低压、亚速尔高压、西太平洋副热带高压等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中尺度（天气尺度）"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6.EF.BC.88.E5.A4.A9.E6.B0.94.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6.EF.BC.89"></span>中尺度（天气尺度）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：中尺度（天气尺度）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="中尺度氣象學">中尺度氣象學</a></div> <p>水平尺度100～2000公里，时间尺度一天到十几天。研究对象如热带气旋，各种规模较小的切断低压（或低涡）与阻塞高压，锋面过程等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="小尺度"><span id=".E5.B0.8F.E5.B0.BA.E5.BA.A6"></span>小尺度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：小尺度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="微氣象學">微氣象學</a></div> <p>水平尺度100公里以内，还有细分微尺度的（10公里以内），时间在几小时的尺度。研究对象如雷暴云团、龙卷风、尘卷风等等，时效性要求极高，比较困难。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="应用"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E7.94.A8"></span>应用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：应用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="天气预报"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E6.B0.94.E9.A2.84.E6.8A.A5"></span>天气预报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：天气预报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>气象学主要应用就是天气预报，根据天气预报可以指导生产生活等多方面活动。以下其他气象学应用主要就是天气预报的应用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据天气预报，当灾害性天气来临时有必要暂停航空、航船和铁路交通。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工农业生产"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E5.86.9C.E4.B8.9A.E7.94.9F.E4.BA.A7"></span>工农业生产</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：工农业生产"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当灾害性天气来临时不宜进行某些工农业活动，比如暴雨时应当暂停施工，高温低温时减短或暂停施工。农业种植也需要考虑天气状况来安排各项生产活动。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="户外大型活动"><span id=".E6.88.B7.E5.A4.96.E5.A4.A7.E5.9E.8B.E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8"></span>户外大型活动</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：户外大型活动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>户外大型活动如奥运会、大型马拉松等需要考虑天气因素，天气不宜时应当推迟或取消。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另见"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A7.81"></span>另见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：另见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 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1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/48px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/64px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wragg, David W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofavia0000wrag">A Dictionary of Aviation</a> first. Osprey. 1973: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofavia0000wrag/page/n199">190</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780850451634" title="Special:网络书源/9780850451634"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780850451634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Aviation&rft.date=1973&rft.edition=first&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780850451634&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Osprey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofavia0000wrag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/14f67901747e45fa0d64e247d516b5f4/?seq=1">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714103418/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/14f67901747e45fa0d64e247d516b5f4/?seq=1">存档</a>于2023-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naer.edu.tw%2Fdetail%2F14f67901747e45fa0d64e247d516b5f4%2F%3Fseq%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/236301/1#s1">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714030147/https://www.termonline.cn/word/236301/1#s1">存档</a>于2023-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F236301%2F1%23s1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chaboud, René. 第一章：由天空開始—戰場上的天氣. 《氣象學》. <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8" title="發現之旅叢書">發現之旅</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8%E6%9B%B8%E7%9B%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="發現之旅叢書書目列表">49</a>. 雷淑芬/譯. 臺北: <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="時報文化">時報文化</a>. 1999年5月10日: 第29–30頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-13-2733-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-13-2733-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-957-13-2733-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%94%B1%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B%E2%80%94%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Chaboud&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1999-05-10&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-957-13-2733-4&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC29-30%E9%A0%81&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.series=%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-香港天氣資訊中心_氣象簡介-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-香港天氣資訊中心_氣象簡介_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com.hk/learn/meteointro.asp">香港天氣資訊中心氣象簡介</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224194551/http://www.weather.com.hk/learn/meteointro.asp">存檔</a>，存档日期2007-12-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-香港氣象中心_教育文章_氣象學、天氣學和氣候學-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-香港氣象中心_教育文章_氣象學、天氣學和氣候學_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.org.hk/edu/edu001.php">香港氣象中心 Hong Kong Meteorological Center 教育文章氣象學、天氣學和氣候學</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813224631/http://www.met.org.hk/edu/edu001.php">存档</a>于2007-08-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83+Hong+Kong+Meteorological+Center+%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0+%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AD%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.org.hk%2Fedu%2Fedu001.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary">Glossary of Meteorology</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060521084343/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - From the American Meteorological Society, an excellent reference of nomenclature, equations, and concepts for the more advanced reader.</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天氣系統" style="width:100%;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:天气系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:天气系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天气系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天氣系統" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">天氣系統</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="天气尺度">行星尺度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93" title="副熱帶高壓">副熱帶高壓</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%B8%A6" title="极地东风带">极地东风</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%A2%A8" title="信風">信風帶</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%B6" title="西風帶">西風帶</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap">其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%A2%A8%E7%B3%BB" title="行星風系">行星風系</a>系統</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="天气尺度">綜觀尺度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E8%BC%BB%E5%90%88%E5%B8%B6" title="熱帶輻合帶">熱帶輻合帶</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%A2%A8%E6%A7%BD" title="西風槽">西風槽</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B6%A1%E6%97%8B" title="极地涡旋">极地涡旋</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%9D%E6%B3%A2" title="罗斯贝波">罗斯贝波</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="赤道反氣旋">赤道反氣旋</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%A7%BD" title="季风槽">季风槽</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="溫帶氣旋">溫帶氣旋</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E6%97%8B%E7%94%9F" title="爆發性旋生">爆發性旋生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%8D%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4" title="科納風暴">科納風暴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="雙核低氣壓">雙核低氣壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="溫帶氣旋">溫帶低压</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="天气尺度">中尺度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E7%B7%9A" title="切變線">切變線</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="熱那亞低氣壓">熱那亞低氣壓</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="熱帶氣旋">熱帶氣旋</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E5%9C%A8%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="潛在熱帶氣旋">潛在熱帶氣旋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="熱帶低氣壓">熱帶低氣壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="熱帶氣旋">颶風</a>） –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="後熱帶氣旋">後熱帶氣旋</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B" title="副熱帶氣旋">副熱帶氣旋</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8E%E5%A3%93" title="極地低壓">極地低壓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8E%E5%8E%8B" title="副极地低压">副极地低压</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E" title="季风">季风</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%A3%8E%E6%B3%A2" title="东风波">东风波</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="天气尺度">小尺度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="龍捲風">龍捲風</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E6%8D%B2%E9%A2%A8" title="塵捲風">尘卷风</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%99%86%E9%A3%8E" title="海陆风">海陆风</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%91%E7%BA%BF" title="飑线">飑线</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">對流</a>- <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E9%BE%8D%E6%8D%B2" title="火龍捲">火龍捲</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%9A%B4%E6%B5%81" title="熱暴流">熱暴流</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%92_(%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1)" title="鋒 (氣象)">鋒</a> –</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%BA%AB" title="逆溫">逆溫層</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="气象数据与参数" style="width:100%;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" title="Template:氣象學資料與變數"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" title="Template talk:氣象學資料與變數"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:氣象學資料與變數"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="气象数据与参数" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">气象数据与参数</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">常规</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%83%AD%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="绝热过程">绝热过程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="平流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="advection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平流（页面不存在）">平流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/advection" class="extiw" title="en:advection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">advection</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%8A%9B" title="浮力">浮力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E9%81%9E%E6%B8%9B%E7%8E%87" title="氣溫垂直遞減率">氣溫垂直遞減率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太陽幅照度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solar irridance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B9%85%E7%85%A7%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽幅照度（页面不存在）">太陽幅照度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irridance" class="extiw" title="en:Solar irridance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solar irridance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%9B%BE" title="地面天气图">地面天气图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E8%A6%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="能見度">能見度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%A1%E9%87%8F" title="涡量">涡量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8" title="風">風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%88%87%E5%8F%98" title="风切变">风切</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結">凝結</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%87%9D%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" title="云凝结核">云凝结核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%A7" title="霧">霧</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對流凝結高度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convective condensation level"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對流凝結高度（页面不存在）">對流凝結高度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_condensation_level" class="extiw" title="en:Convective condensation level"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convective condensation level</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上升凝結高度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lifted condensation level"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上升凝結高度（页面不存在）">上升凝結高度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifted_condensation_level" class="extiw" title="en:Lifted condensation level"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lifted condensation level</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="大氣對流">大氣對流</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%8D%E8%83%BD" title="對流可用位能">對流有效位能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%83%BD" title="對流抑制能">對流抑制指數</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對流不穩定性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convective instability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對流不穩定性（页面不存在）">對流不穩定性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability" class="extiw" title="en:Convective instability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convective instability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對流動量輸送" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convective momentum transport"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對流動量輸送（页面不存在）">對流動量輸送</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_momentum_transport" class="extiw" title="en:Convective momentum transport"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convective momentum transport</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="條件對稱不穩定性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conditional symmetric instability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E4%B8%8D%E7%A9%A9%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="條件對稱不穩定性（页面不存在）">條件對稱不穩定性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_symmetric_instability" class="extiw" title="en:Conditional symmetric instability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conditional symmetric instability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對流溫度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convective temperature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對流溫度（页面不存在）">對流溫度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_temperature" class="extiw" title="en:Convective temperature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convective temperature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="平衡高度">平衡高度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由对流层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free convective layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%AF%B9%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由对流层（页面不存在）">自由对流层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_convective_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Free convective layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free convective layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流體動力學螺旋度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydrodynamical helicity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流體動力學螺旋度（页面不存在）">流體動力學螺旋度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamical_helicity" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrodynamical helicity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydrodynamical helicity</span></a></span>）</span></span>#Meteorology</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="K 指數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="K-index (meteorology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K_%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K 指數（页面不存在）">K 指數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-index_(meteorology)" class="extiw" title="en:K-index (meteorology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">K-index (meteorology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="自由對流高度">自由對流高度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抬升指數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lifted index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%AC%E5%8D%87%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抬升指數（页面不存在）">抬升指數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifted_index" class="extiw" title="en:Lifted index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lifted index</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="最大氣團高度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maximum parcel level"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最大氣團高度（页面不存在）">最大氣團高度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_parcel_level" class="extiw" title="en:Maximum parcel level"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maximum parcel level</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="整體理查遜數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulk Richardson number"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B4%E9%AB%94%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E9%81%9C%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="整體理查遜數（页面不存在）">整體理查遜數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_Richardson_number" class="extiw" title="en:Bulk Richardson number"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulk Richardson number</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">温度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E7%82%B9" title="露点">露点‎(<i>T</i><sub>d</sub>)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="露點降低" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dew point depression"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%B2%E9%BB%9E%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="露點降低（页面不存在）">露點降低</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point_depression" class="extiw" title="en:Dew point depression"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dew point depression</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E7%90%83%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="乾球温度">乾球温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B6%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="相當溫度">相當溫度(<i>T</i><sub>e</sub>)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林火災天氣指數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forest fire weather index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林火災天氣指數（页面不存在）">森林火災天氣指數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_fire_weather_index" class="extiw" title="en:Forest fire weather index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forest fire weather index</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海恩斯指數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haines Index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海恩斯指數（页面不存在）">海恩斯指數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haines_Index" class="extiw" title="en:Haines Index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haines Index</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B7%E7%83%AD%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="酷热指数">酷热指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E7%83%AD%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="湿热指数">濕熱指數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%BA%A6" title="湿度">湿度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" title="相對濕度">相對濕度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%AF%94" title="混合比">混合比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E6%BA%AB" title="位溫">位溫(<i>θ</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%95%B6%E4%BD%8D%E6%BA%AB" title="相當位溫">相當位溫(<i>θ</i><sub>e</sub>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%A2%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="海面温度">海面温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="海洋溫度">海洋溫度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="溫度異常" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Temperature anomaly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫度異常（页面不存在）">溫度異常</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_anomaly" class="extiw" title="en:Temperature anomaly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Temperature anomaly</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="热力学温度">热力学温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%BA%AB" title="虛溫">虛溫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E7%90%83%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="湿球温度">湿球温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%91%E7%86%B1%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="暑熱壓力指數">暑熱壓力指數</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="濕球位溫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wet-bulb potential temperature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%95%E7%90%83%E4%BD%8D%E6%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濕球位溫（页面不存在）">濕球位溫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_potential_temperature" class="extiw" title="en:Wet-bulb potential temperature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wet-bulb potential temperature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%AF%92%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="風寒指數">風寒指數</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="压力">压力</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B" title="气压">气压</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E5%8E%8B" title="斜压">斜压</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%A3%93%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3" title="正壓大氣">正壓大氣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%BC%B7%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E5%8A%9B" title="壓強梯度力">壓力梯度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%BC%B7%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E5%8A%9B" title="壓強梯度力">壓強梯度力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱帶氣旋可能最高強度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maximum potential intensity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E6%B0%A3%E6%97%8B%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱帶氣旋可能最高強度（页面不存在）">熱帶氣旋可能最高強度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_potential_intensity" class="extiw" title="en:Maximum potential intensity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maximum potential intensity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="大气电学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:大气电学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:大气电学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:大气电学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="大气电学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="大气电学">大气电学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一般理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气物理学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">大氣動力學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大氣發電" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Atmospheric dynamo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大氣發電（页面不存在）">大氣發電</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_dynamo" class="extiw" title="en:Atmospheric dynamo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Atmospheric dynamo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">大气化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="地磁场">地磁场</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電磁</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ELF/VLF放射</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無線電波大氣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radio atmospheric"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無線電波大氣（页面不存在）">無線電波大氣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_atmospheric" class="extiw" title="en:Radio atmospheric"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radio atmospheric</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哨聲 (無線電)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Whistler (radio)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A8%E8%81%B2_(%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哨聲 (無線電)（页面不存在）">哨聲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler_(radio)" class="extiw" title="en:Whistler (radio)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Whistler (radio)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黎明合聲 (電磁)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dawn chorus (electromagnetic)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%90%88%E8%81%B2_(%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黎明合聲 (電磁)（页面不存在）">黎明合聲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_chorus_(electromagnetic)" class="extiw" title="en:Dawn chorus (electromagnetic)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dawn chorus (electromagnetic)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="嘶嘶聲 (電磁)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiss (electromagnetic)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%B6%E5%98%B6%E8%81%B2_(%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘶嘶聲 (電磁)（页面不存在）">嘶嘶聲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss_(electromagnetic)" class="extiw" title="en:Hiss (electromagnetic)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiss (electromagnetic)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">光輻射</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%82%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E6%94%BE%E7%94%B5" title="中高层大气放电">中高层大气放电</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E7%B2%BE%E9%9D%88" title="紅色精靈">紅色精靈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E4%B9%8B%E7%81%AB" title="聖艾爾摩之火">聖艾爾摩之火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E7%8A%B6%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="球状闪电">球状闪电</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">來源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赤道電射流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equatorial electrojet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%84%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赤道電射流（页面不存在）">赤道電射流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_electrojet" class="extiw" title="en:Equatorial electrojet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equatorial electrojet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">應用裝置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電動緩行器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electrodynamic tether"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%B7%A9%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電動緩行器（页面不存在）">電動緩行器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodynamic_tether" class="extiw" title="en:Electrodynamic tether"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electrodynamic tether</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大地電磁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magnetotellurics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大地電磁（页面不存在）">大地電磁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetotellurics" class="extiw" title="en:Magnetotellurics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magnetotellurics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E6%9B%BC" title="格奧爾格·威廉·里奇曼">格奧爾格·威廉·里奇曼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊貢·史懷德勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Egon Schweidler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%B2%A2%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%87%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊貢·史懷德勒（页面不存在）">伊貢·史懷德勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Schweidler" class="extiw" title="en:Egon Schweidler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Egon Schweidler</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" title="尼古拉·特斯拉">尼古拉·特斯拉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喬治·克拉克·辛普森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George Simpson (meteorologist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬治·克拉克·辛普森（页面不存在）">喬治·克拉克·辛普森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Simpson_(meteorologist)" class="extiw" title="en:George Simpson (meteorologist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George Simpson (meteorologist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%81%9C" title="查爾斯·湯姆森·里斯·威爾遜">查爾斯·湯姆森·里斯·威耳孙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地球科学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title 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