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Narmada – Wikipedia

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font-size:90%; width:330px;" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Fluss"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#AFBDF0; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:130%"><b>Narmada</b></span>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122; padding:2px"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Omkareshwar1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Narmada bei Omkareshwar"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Omkareshwar1.JPG/326px-Omkareshwar1.JPG" decoding="async" width="326" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Omkareshwar1.JPG/489px-Omkareshwar1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Omkareshwar1.JPG/652px-Omkareshwar1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Narmada bei <a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar" title="Omkareshwar">Omkareshwar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Narmada bei <a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar" title="Omkareshwar">Omkareshwar</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#B2BCF0; color:#202122; text-align:center">Daten<span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Infobox_Fluss/GKZ_fehlt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Infobox Fluss/GKZ fehlt (Seite nicht vorhanden)"></a></span>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;">Lage </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Flusssystem" title="Flusssystem">Flusssystem</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Narmada&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;">Abfluss&#160;über </td> <td colspan="2">Narmada&#160;→ <a href="/wiki/Arabische_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabische See">Arabische See</a>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Quelle" title="Quelle">Quelle</a> </td> <td colspan="2">nahe <a href="/wiki/Amarkantak" title="Amarkantak">Amarkantak</a><small><br /><span id="Quelle_Narmada" class="coordinates plainlinks-print"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Narmada&amp;language=de&amp;params=22.67_N_81.75_E_dim:500_region:IN-MP_type:waterbody&amp;title=Quelle+Narmada"><span title="Breitengrad">22°&#160;40′&#160;12″&#160;<abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">81°&#160;45′&#160;0″&#160;<abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">22.67</span><span class="longitude">81.75</span><span class="elevation">1057</span></span></small>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6he_%C3%BCber_dem_Meeresspiegel" title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">Quellhöhe</a> </td> <td colspan="2">ca.&#160;<span style="border-width:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px;">1057&#160;<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6he_%C3%BCber_dem_Meeresspiegel" title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">m</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-JAS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCndung_(Gew%C3%A4sser)" title="Mündung (Gewässer)">Mündung</a> </td> <td colspan="2">in die <a href="/wiki/Arabische_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabische See">Arabische See</a><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">21.571664</span><span class="longitude">72.728748</span><span class="elevation">0</span></span><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates plainlinks-print"><span title="Koordinatensystem WGS84">Koordinaten: </span><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Narmada&amp;language=de&amp;params=21.571664_N_72.728748_E_dim:1000_region:IN-GJ_type:waterbody"><span title="Breitengrad">21°&#160;34′&#160;18″&#160;<abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">72°&#160;43′&#160;43″&#160;<abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span><small><br /><span id="Mündung_Narmada" class="coordinates plainlinks-print"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Narmada&amp;language=de&amp;params=21.571664_N_72.728748_E_dim:1000_region:IN-GJ_type:waterbody&amp;title=M%C3%BCndung+Narmada"><span title="Breitengrad">21°&#160;34′&#160;18″&#160;<abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">72°&#160;43′&#160;43″&#160;<abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">21.571664</span><span class="longitude">72.728748</span><span class="elevation">0</span></span></small>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6he_%C3%BCber_dem_Meeresspiegel" title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">Mündungshöhe</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="border-width:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px;">0&#160;<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6he_%C3%BCber_dem_Meeresspiegel" title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">m</a></span><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Infobox_Fluss/NACHWEISE_fehlen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Infobox Fluss/NACHWEISE fehlen (Seite nicht vorhanden)"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;">Höhenunterschied </td> <td colspan="2">ca.&#160;1057&#160;m </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Sohlgef%C3%A4lle" title="Sohlgefälle">Sohlgefälle</a> </td> <td colspan="2">ca.&#160;0,81&#160;‰&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;">Länge </td> <td colspan="2">1312&#160;km<sup id="cite_ref-JAS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Einzugsgebiet" title="Einzugsgebiet">Einzugsgebiet</a> </td> <td colspan="2">98.800&#160;km²<span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Infobox_Fluss/NACHWEISE_fehlen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Infobox Fluss/NACHWEISE fehlen (Seite nicht vorhanden)"></a></span>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;">&#32;<a href="/wiki/Abfluss" title="Abfluss">Abfluss</a> am Pegel Garudeshwar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Einzugsgebiet" title="Einzugsgebiet">A<sub>Eo</sub></a>:&#160;89.345&#160;km² </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abfluss#MQ" title="Abfluss">MQ</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Abflussspende" title="Abflussspende">Mq</a><br /></small> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap">1218&#160;m³/s<br /><small>13,6&#160;l/(s km²)<br /></small>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Stausee" title="Stausee">Durchflossene Stauseen</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bargi-Talsperre" title="Bargi-Talsperre">Bargi-Talsperre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indirasagar-Talsperre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indirasagar-Talsperre (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Indirasagar-Talsperre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre" title="Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre">Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre</a>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fstadt" title="Großstadt">Großstädte</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narmadapuram" title="Narmadapuram">Narmadapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Bharuch</a>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Mittelstadt" title="Mittelstadt">Mittelstädte</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mandla" title="Mandla">Mandla</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Infobox_Fluss/BILD_fehlt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Infobox Fluss/BILD fehlt (Seite nicht vorhanden)"></a></span>&#32; </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122; padding:2px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Indiarivers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Verlauf der Narmada"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Indiarivers.png/330px-Indiarivers.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Indiarivers.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Verlauf der Narmada</figcaption></figure> <p>Verlauf der Narmada&#32; </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; background:#EFF1FC; color:#202122; padding:2px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Narmadarivermap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Einzugsgebiet der Narmada"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Narmadarivermap.jpg/326px-Narmadarivermap.jpg" decoding="async" width="326" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Narmadarivermap.jpg/489px-Narmadarivermap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Narmadarivermap.jpg/652px-Narmadarivermap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Einzugsgebiet der Narmada</figcaption></figure> <p>Einzugsgebiet der Narmada </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die oder der ca. 1312 km lange <b>Narmada</b> oder <b>Nerbudda</b> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r185776446">.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:120%}@media all and (min-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:calc(120% - ((100vw - 800px)/80))}}@media all and (min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:100%}}</style><span lang="hi-Deva" class="Deva" style="font-style:normal">नर्मदा</span>, in alten Texten <i>Reva</i> genannt) ist einer der heiligen <a href="/wiki/Fluss" title="Fluss">Flüsse</a> <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indiens</a>. Sie fließt durch ein Tal südlich des <a href="/wiki/Vindhyagebirge" title="Vindhyagebirge">Vindhyagebirges</a> und nördlich des <a href="/wiki/Satpuragebirge" title="Satpuragebirge">Satpuragebirges</a> in westlicher Richtung und mündet im Bundesstaat <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Arabische_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabische See">Arabische See</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Verlauf"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Verlauf</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Einzugsgebiet_und_Flusssystem"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Einzugsgebiet und Flusssystem</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Kulturelle_Bedeutung"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Kulturelle Bedeutung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Nutzung"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Nutzung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Siehe_auch"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Siehe auch</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verlauf">Verlauf</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verlauf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verlauf"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Narmada entspringt im Osten des Bundesstaates <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> beim Ort <a href="/wiki/Amarkantak" title="Amarkantak">Amarkantak</a>. Sie windet sich auf den ersten 320&#160;km ihres Laufes zwischen den Hügeln des <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandla-Hochland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandla-Hochland (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Mandla-Hochlandes</a>, die den Beginn des Satpuragebirges bilden. Bei der Stadt <a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a> wird der Flusslauf durch Marmorfelsen (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhedaghat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhedaghat (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Bhedaghat</a>) eingekeilt, anschließend fließt sie durch das vom Vindhya- und Satpuragebirge gebildete Tal in südwestliche Richtung. Die etwa 20&#160;km lange <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCndung_(Gew%C3%A4sser)" title="Mündung (Gewässer)">Trichtermündung</a> liegt nördlich von <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a> im <a href="/wiki/Golf_von_Khambhat" title="Golf von Khambhat">Golf von Khambhat</a> am Arabischen Meer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzugsgebiet_und_Flusssystem">Einzugsgebiet und Flusssystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzugsgebiet und Flusssystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzugsgebiet und Flusssystem"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Das Einzugsgebiet umfasst die nördlichen Abhänge des Satpuragebirges, nicht aber jene des nördlich begrenzenden Vindhya-Hochlandes, dessen Gewässer in die Flüsse <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> und <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> fließen. Der längste Nebenfluss ist der <a href="/wiki/Tawa_(Narmada)" title="Tawa (Narmada)">Tawa</a>. Zusammen mit dem Vindhya-Gebirge bildet die Narmada eine Art Grenze zwischen dem nördlichen Indien (insbesondere die <a href="/wiki/Gangesebene" title="Gangesebene">Gangesebene</a>) und dem südlichen Indien (<a href="/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan">Dekkan</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kulturelle_Bedeutung">Kulturelle Bedeutung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kulturelle Bedeutung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kulturelle Bedeutung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Narmada wird nach dem Ganges und der Yamuna als heiligster Fluss Indiens angesehen. Aus diesem Grund befinden sich an seinem Lauf viele <a href="/wiki/Pilger" title="Pilger">Pilgerstätten</a> (z.&#160;B. <a href="/wiki/Maheshwar" title="Maheshwar">Maheshwar</a> und <a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar" title="Omkareshwar">Omkareshwar</a> in Madhya Pradesh). Als besonders fromme Wallfahrt gilt es, von der Quelle bis zur Mündung und anschließend auf der anderen Flussseite zurück zu pilgern. Diese Pilgerreise kann bis zu zwei Jahre in Anspruch nehmen. </p><p>Im Gebiet von <a href="/wiki/Narmadapuram_(Distrikt)" title="Narmadapuram (Distrikt)">Narmadapuram</a> entdeckte der Geologe <a href="/wiki/Arun_Sonakia" title="Arun Sonakia">Arun Sonakia</a> im Jahr 1982 ein steinzeitliches Schädeldach, das mindestens 236.000 Jahre alt ist, als <i><a href="/wiki/Narmada_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Narmada Man">Narmada Man</a></i> („Narmada-Mensch“) bezeichnet und <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i> zugeschrieben wird.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Es gilt als das älteste <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossil</a> der <a href="/wiki/Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> Südasiens.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Im Narmadatal wurden auch knöcherne Reste größerer <a href="/wiki/Aussterben" title="Aussterben">ausgestorbener</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ugetiere" title="Säugetiere">Säugetiere</a> aus dem <a href="/wiki/Pleistoz%C3%A4n" title="Pleistozän">Pleistozän</a> gesichert.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Somit stellt das Tal die bedeutendste Fundregion Südasiens für das Pleistozän dar.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutzung">Nutzung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nutzung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nutzung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der westliche Abschnitt des Flusses wird nicht nur zur <a href="/wiki/Bew%C3%A4sserung" title="Bewässerung">Bewässerung</a> verwendet, sondern auch zur <a href="/wiki/Schifffahrt" title="Schifffahrt">Schifffahrt</a>. In der <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">Monsunzeit</a> können auch größere Schiffe in bestimmten Gebieten mitunter den Fluss befahren. </p><p>Im Unterlauf des Flusses ist seit 1961 ein großer <a href="/wiki/Staudamm" title="Staudamm">Staudamm</a> mit einem <a href="/wiki/Wasserkraftwerk" title="Wasserkraftwerk">Wasserkraftwerk</a> mit 1450&#160;MW im Bau, der zum stark umstrittenen Sardar-Sarovar-Bewässerungsprojekt gehört (siehe <a href="/wiki/Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre" title="Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre">Sardar-Sarovar-Talsperre</a>). Gegner dieses Projekts formten die Bewegung <i>Narmada Bachao Andolan</i> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r185776446" /><span lang="hi-Deva" class="Deva" style="font-style:normal">नर्मदा बचाओ आंदोलन</span>, „Rettet-die-Narmada-Bewegung“) unter der Führung von <a href="/wiki/Medha_Patkar" title="Medha Patkar">Medha Patkar</a>. Auch die indische Schriftstellerin <a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Roy" title="Arundhati Roy">Arundhati Roy</a> hat sich als Gegnerin des Staudamm-Projekts hervorgetan. Im Jahr 1999 wurden allerdings die Hoffnungen der Bewegung durch ein Urteil des obersten Gerichtshofs zunichtegemacht. Der Staudamm wurde 2017 eingeweiht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=00jcLwUPhrwC&amp;pg=PA31&amp;lpg=PA31&amp;dq=narmada&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Q5gYO6LmDj&amp;sig=5-rhgXlPcOBhy5dv2QGENzYrHGM&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj96aLfsqDQAhVF1xoKHbR6AAYQ6AEIYTAM#v=onepage&amp;q=narmada&amp;f=false">K. Sankaran Unni: <i>Ecology of River Narmada.</i> APH Publ., New Delhi 1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8170247659" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7024-765-9</a></li> <li>Christoph Dittrich: <i>Widerstand gegen das Narmada-Staudammprojekt in Indien.</i> Geographische Rundschau 56(12), S. 10–15 (2004), <span class="plainlinks-print"><a href="/wiki/Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&#160;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220016-7460%22&amp;key=cql">0016-7460</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Siehe auch"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_l%C3%A4ngsten_Fl%C3%BCsse_der_Erde" title="Liste der längsten Flüsse der Erde">Liste der längsten Flüsse der Erde</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Narmada_River?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Narmada</a></span></b>&#160;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rivers/narmada.html"><i>Narmada – Karte + Infos</i></a> (englisch)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.narmada.org/">Indische Nicht-Regierungs-Organisation „Friends of the river Naramada“, welche gegen Staudammprojekte im Narmada-Tal kämpft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JAS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JAS_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JAS_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharad K. Jain, Pushpendra K. Agarwal, Vijay P. Singh: <i>Hydrology and water resources of India</i>. New York 2007, S. 513–559</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Center for Atmospheric Research: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.1/inventories/">Monthly Discharge Data for World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) Inventories</a></i> (CISL Research Data Archive), Boulder (USA) 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arun_Sonakia" title="Arun Sonakia">Arun Sonakia</a>: <i>The skull cap of early man and associated mammalian fauna from Narmada valley alluvium, Hoshangabad area, Madhya Pradesh, India.</i> In: <i>Records of the Geological Survey of India.</i> Band 113, Nr. 6, 1984, S. 159–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Patnaik, P. R. Chauhan, M. R. Rao, B. A. Blackwell, A. R. Skinner, A. Sahni, M. S. Chauhan, H. S. Khan: <i>New geochronological, paleoclimatological, and archaeological data from the Narmada Valley hominin locality, central India.</i> In: <i>J Hum Evol.</i> 56, Nr. 2, Februar 2009, S. 114–133, <a href="//doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.023" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.023">doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. L. Badam, R. K. Ganjoo: <i>Preliminary taphonomical studies of some Pleistocene fauna from the central Narmada Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India.</i> In: <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i> 53, Nr. 2, 1986, S. 335–348, <a href="//doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(86)90067-2" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90067-2">doi:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90067-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. L. Badam, Anek R. Sankhyan: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/264858883_Chapter_6_Evolutionary_Trends_in_Narmada_Fossil_Fauna">Evolutionary trends in Narmada fossil fauna.</a></i> In: A. R. Sankhyan (Hrsg.): <i>Asian Perspectives on Human Evolution.</i> 16th IUAES Congress Panel in New Delhi: Hominoid and Human Evolution with special Reference to Asia: New Findings &amp; New Interpretations, Serial Publications.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-g" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten&#160;(Geografikum): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4200521-8">4200521-8</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4200521-8">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&amp;trm_old=&amp;ACT=SRCHA&amp;IKT=2999&amp;SRT=RLV&amp;TRM=4200521-8">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4200521-8">AKS</a></span>)</span> &#124; <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/243046655/">243046655</a></span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;oldid=241270849">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narmada&amp;oldid=241270849</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Flusssystem_Narmada" title="Kategorie:Flusssystem Narmada">Flusssystem Narmada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fluss_in_Asien" title="Kategorie:Fluss in Asien">Fluss in Asien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fluss_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Kategorie:Fluss in Madhya Pradesh">Fluss in Madhya Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fluss_in_Gujarat" title="Kategorie:Fluss in Gujarat">Fluss in Gujarat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Fluss_in_Maharashtra" title="Kategorie:Fluss in Maharashtra">Fluss in Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Heiliger_Fluss" title="Kategorie:Heiliger Fluss">Heiliger Fluss</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteckte Kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Wikipedia:Qualit%C3%A4tssicherung_Geographie:Nachweise_fehlen" title="Kategorie:Wikipedia:Qualitätssicherung Geographie:Nachweise fehlen">Wikipedia:Qualitätssicherung Geographie:Nachweise fehlen</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigationsmenü</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse, von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&amp;returnto=Narmada" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. 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href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदा नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नर्मदा नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="নর্মদা নদী – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নর্মদা নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Нармада (юханшыв) – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нармада (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ναρμάντα – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναρμάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Narmada River" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmado" title="Narmado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Narmado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Narmada" title="Río Narmada – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Narmada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_j%C3%B5gi" title="Narmada jõgi – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Narmada jõgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_ibaia" title="Narmada ibaia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Narmada ibaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="نرمدا – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نرمدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80" title="નર્મદા નદી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નર્મદા નદી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदा नदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नर्मदा नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1_(%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF)" title="Նարմադա (գետ) – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նարմադա (գետ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Narmada" title="Sungai Narmada – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Narmada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9D" title="ナルマダー川 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナルマダー川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნარმადი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნარმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ನರ್ಮದಾ ನದಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನರ್ಮದಾ ನದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%95" title="나르마다강 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나르마다강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदा नदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नर्मदा नदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6" title="നർമദ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നർമദ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदा नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नर्मदा नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदा नदी – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नर्मदा नदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="नर्मदा खुसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नर्मदा खुसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_(rivier)" title="Narmada (rivier) – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Narmada (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਨਰਮਦਾ ਦਰਿਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਰਮਦਾ ਦਰਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbada" title="Narbada – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narbada" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="دریائے نرمدا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے نرمدا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Narmada" title="Rio Narmada – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Narmada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нармада (река) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нармада (река)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नर्मदानदी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नर्मदानदी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerbudda_River" title="Nerbudda River – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nerbudda River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Нармада – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нармада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada" title="Narmada – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Narmada" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="நருமதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நருமதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF" title="నర్మదా నది – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నర్మదా నది" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2" title="แม่น้ำนรรมทา – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำนรรมทา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нармада (річка) – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нармада (річка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="دریائے نرمدا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے نرمدا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Narmada" title="Sông Narmada – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sông Narmada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B7%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E8%BE%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="讷尔默达河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="讷尔默达河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3)" title="ნარმადა (წყარმალუ) – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნარმადა (წყარმალუ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B7%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E8%BE%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="讷尔默达河 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="讷尔默达河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="南摩多河 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南摩多河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234004#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul 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