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href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaktoe" title="Whaktoe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Whaktoe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="أوقات الصلاة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوقات الصلاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="নামাজের সময়সমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নামাজের সময়সমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="اوقات شرعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوقات شرعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_salat" title="Waktu salat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu salat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Намаз уақыты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Намаз уақыты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE" title="नमाज वेळा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नमाज वेळा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_solat" title="Waktu solat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Waktu solat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9D%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB" title="礼拝時刻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="礼拝時刻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh%C3%ABt_e_Namazeve" title="Kohët e Namazeve – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kohët e Namazeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98" title="کاتەکانی نوێژ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاتەکانی نوێژ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" 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class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)" title="Khitan (circumcision)">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_diaspora" title="Muslim diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a 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title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Hadith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war" title="Islam and war">war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadran_solaire_horizontal,_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg/220px-Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg/330px-Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg/440px-Cadran_solaire_horizontal%2C_Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Sundial indicating prayer times, situated in the courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan" title="Great Mosque of Kairouan">Great Mosque of Kairouan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>. Author: Keith Roper</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Salat times</b> are <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">prayer times</a> when <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> perform <i><a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a></i>. The term is primarily used for the five daily prayers including the <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayer</a>, which takes the place of the Dhuhr prayer and must be performed in a group of aibadat. Muslims believe the salah times were revealed by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allah</a> to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. </p><p>Prayer times are standard for Muslims in the world, especially the <a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">fard</a> prayer times. They depend on the condition of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> and geography. There are varying opinions regarding the exact salah times, the <a href="/wiki/Madh%27hab" class="mw-redirect" title="Madh'hab">schools of Islamic thought</a> differing in minor details. All schools of thought agree that any given prayer cannot be performed before its stipulated time. </p><p>Most Muslims pray five times a day, with their prayers being known as <a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a> (before dawn), <a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Dhuhr</a> (noon), <a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">Asr</a> (late afternoon), <a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Maghrib</a> (at sunset), and <a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha</a> (nighttime), always facing towards the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SamovarPorterMcDaniel2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamovarPorterMcDaniel2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Muslims pray three times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The direction of prayer is called the <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a>; the early Muslims initially prayed in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> before this was changed to Mecca in 624 CE, about a year after <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hegira" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegira">migration to Medina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heinz2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinz2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The timing of the five prayers are fixed intervals defined by daily astronomical phenomena. For example, the Maghrib prayer can be performed at any time after sunset and before the disappearance of the red <a href="/wiki/Twilight" title="Twilight">twilight</a> from the west.<sup id="cite_ref-wensinck_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wensinck-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a mosque, the <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">muezzin</a> broadcasts the <a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">call to prayer</a> at the beginning of each interval. Because the start and end times for prayers are related to the solar <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_motion" title="Diurnal motion">diurnal motion</a>, they vary throughout the year and depend on the local latitude and longitude when expressed in <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">local time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-king_muezzin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king_muezzin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, various religious or scientific agencies in Muslim countries produce annual prayer timetables for each locality, and <a href="/wiki/Digital_clock" title="Digital clock">electronic clocks</a> capable of calculating local prayer times have been created.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, some mosques employed astronomers called the <i><a href="/wiki/Muwaqqit" title="Muwaqqit">muwaqqit</a></i>s who were responsible for regulating the prayer time using mathematical astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-king_muezzin_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king_muezzin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> You can also find accurate daily salah times for your geographical location with the help of online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muslimandquran.com/prayer-times">prayer times</a> services. </p><p>The five intervals were defined by Muslim authorities in the decades after the death of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> in 632, based on the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (the reported sayings and actions) of the Islamic prophet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daily_prayers">Daily prayers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Daily prayers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The daily prayers are considered obligatory (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">fard</i></span>) by many and they are performed at times determined essentially by the position of the Sun in the sky. Hence, salat times vary at different locations on the Earth. <a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a> is needed for all of the prayers. </p><p>Some Muslims pray three times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Overview of prayer times considered obligatory by most<sup id="cite_ref-al-islam_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-islam-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Compulsory (fard) prayer </th> <th>Prescribed time </th> <th rowspan="6"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Salat_times.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Salat_times.png/220px-Salat_times.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Salat_times.png/330px-Salat_times.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Salat_times.png/440px-Salat_times.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2115" /></a></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C6F8E5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FBF7D5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Zuhr prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5CDDE; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">Asr prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E2BEF1; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Maghrib prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CCE1F2; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha prayer</a></div> <p>The prescribed times of the prayers depicted in place of the position of the sun in the sky, relative to the worshipper. </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fajr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fajr">Fajr</a> </td> <td>Begins at <a href="/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn">dawn</a>, may be performed up to <a href="/wiki/Sunrise" title="Sunrise">sunrise</a> after <a href="/wiki/Fajr_nafl_prayer" title="Fajr nafl prayer">Fajr nafl prayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Zuhr</a> </td> <td>From when the sun has passed the <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a>, may be performed up to the time of Asr. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asr" class="mw-redirect" title="Asr">Asr</a> </td> <td>From when the shadow cast by an object is once or twice its length, may be performed up to the time of Maghrib.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maghrib" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghrib">Maghrib</a> </td> <td>Begins at sunset, may be performed up to the end of dusk. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Begins with the <a href="/wiki/Night" title="Night">night</a>, may be delayed up to dawn although disliked<sup id="cite_ref-Shia_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Imam_Abu_Hanifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Abu Hanifa">Imam Abu Hanifa</a>, "Asr starts when the shadow of an object becomes twice its height (plus the length of its shadow at the start time of Zuhr)." For the rest of Imams, "Asr starts when the shadow of an object becomes equal to its length (plus the length of its shadow at the start time of Zuhr)." Asr ends as the sun begins to set.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Further information on the usage of the word "Isha" (evening) see <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D12%3Averse%3D16">12:16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D79%3Averse%3D46">79:46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shia-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shia_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Shia Muslims, Asr prayer and Isha prayer have no set times but are said any time starting from midday. Zuhr and Asr prayers must be offered before sunset, and the time for Asr starts after Zuhr has been prayed. Maghrib and Isha prayers must be offered before midnight, and the time for Isha prayer can start after Maghrib has been prayed, as long as no more light remains in the western sky signifying the arrival of the true night.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fajr_(dawn)"><span id="Fajr_.28dawn.29"></span>Fajr (dawn)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fajr (dawn)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fajr_nafl_prayer" title="Fajr nafl prayer">Fajr nafl prayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qunut" title="Qunut">Qunut</a></div> <p>Fajr begins at <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">subh saadiq</i></span>—true <a href="/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn">dawn</a> or the beginning of twilight, when the morning light appears across the full width of the sky—and ends at sunrise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dhuhr_(midday)"><span id="Dhuhr_.28midday.29"></span>Dhuhr (midday)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dhuhr (midday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Zuhr prayer</a></div> <p>The time interval for offering the Zuhr or Dhuhr salah or namaz timing starts after the sun passes its <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="not everywhere and everyday the sun passes the zenith (June 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and lasts until call for the Asr prayer is given. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2020)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This prayer needs to be given in the middle of the work-day, and people normally make their prayers during their lunch break. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asr_(afternoon)"><span id="Asr_.28afternoon.29"></span>Asr (afternoon)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Asr (afternoon)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">Asr prayer</a></div> <p>Asr salat is the third of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayertimetoronto.com/">obligatory prayers that Muslims offer daily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as “middle prayer." The Asr prayer starts when the shadow of an object is the same length as the object itself (or, according to <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school, twice its length)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> plus the shadow length at Dhuhr, and lasts till the start of sunset. Asr can be split into two sections; the preferred time is before the sun starts to turn orange, while the time of necessity is from when the sun turns orange until 15 minutes before Maghrib. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maghrib_(sunset)"><span id="Maghrib_.28sunset.29"></span>Maghrib (sunset)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maghrib (sunset)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Maghrib prayer</a></div> <p>The Maghrib prayer begins, when the sun sets, and lasts until the red light has left the sky in the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isha_(nights)"><span id="Isha_.28nights.29"></span>Isha (nights)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Isha (nights)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chafa%27a" title="Chafa'a">Chafa'a</a> and <a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></div> <p>The Isha'a or Isha prayer starts when the red twilight disappears from the west, and lasts until the middle of the night, which is the middle point between Maghrib Salat and Fajr salat (others say it’s third of the night, or until fajr time) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_calculation">Time calculation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Time calculation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG/220px-Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG/330px-Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG/440px-Qingjing_Mosque_-_entry_to_prayer_hall_-_clocks_-_SCF8687.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qingjing_Mosque" title="Qingjing Mosque">Qingjing Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>, China, with adjustable clocks displaying prayer times (the leftmost clock is for the Friday public prayer, then the next five are for <i>Fajr</i>, <i>Dhuhr</i>, <i>Asr</i>, <i>Maghrib</i>, <i>Isha</i>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equation_of_time.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/220px-Equation_of_time.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/330px-Equation_of_time.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/440px-Equation_of_time.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Equation of time</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun-declination.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sun-declination.jpg/220px-Sun-declination.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sun-declination.jpg/330px-Sun-declination.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Sun-declination.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>Declination of the sun</figcaption></figure> <p>To calculate prayer times two <a href="/wiki/Astronomical" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical">astronomical</a> measures are necessary, the declination of the sun and the difference between clock time and <a href="/wiki/Sundial_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundial clock">sundial clock</a>. This difference being the result of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and the inclination of its axis, it is called the <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time" title="Equation of time">equation of time</a>. The declination of the sun is the angle between sun's rays and the equator plan.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the above measures, to calculate prayer times for a specific location we need its spherical coordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following; </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1cc6b75e09a8aa3f04d8584b11db534f88fb56bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.68ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z}"></span> is the time zone.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }"></span> are the <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> of the considered point, respectively.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8c28867ecd34e2caed12cf38feadf6a81a7ee542" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.775ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta t}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }"></span> denotes the equation of time term and the <a href="/wiki/Position_of_the_Sun" title="Position of the Sun">declination of the Sun</a> for a given date, respectively.</li></ul> <p>We first give the midday (Dhuhr) time. The midday time is simply when the local true solar time reaches noon: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}=12+\Delta t+(Z-\lambda /15)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>15</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}=12+\Delta t+(Z-\lambda /15)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb821678ad7b5983fba87e61e07affd9e33113ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:30.941ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}=12+\Delta t+(Z-\lambda /15)}"></span> </p><p>The first term is the 12 o'clock noon, the second term accounts for the difference between true and mean solar times, and the third term accounts for the difference between the local mean solar time and the timezone. </p><p>The other times require converting the Sun's altitude to time. We use a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_equation#Generalized_equation" title="Sunrise equation">generalized sunrise equation</a>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(\alpha )={\frac {1}{15}}\arccos \left({\frac {-\sin(\alpha )-\sin(\phi )\sin(\delta )}{\cos(\phi )\cos(\delta )}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>15</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>arccos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(\alpha )={\frac {1}{15}}\arccos \left({\frac {-\sin(\alpha )-\sin(\phi )\sin(\delta )}{\cos(\phi )\cos(\delta )}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c4ec3ce776e3402e57f27927a2bf765f45b314a5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:45.394ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(\alpha )={\frac {1}{15}}\arccos \left({\frac {-\sin(\alpha )-\sin(\phi )\sin(\delta )}{\cos(\phi )\cos(\delta )}}\right)}"></span> </p><p>This gives, in hours, the difference between Dhuhr time and when the sun is at altitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span>. Now we calculate three of the other prayer times: </p> <ul><li>Sunrise (Shuruq) time and Sunset (Maghrib) times are given by <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(-0.833^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>0.833</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(-0.833^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2d4cc3e966cc90f1ead4484ec7b848f8fdb0350" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.605ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(-0.833^{\circ })}"></span>. (The astronomical sunset/sunrise that occurs at <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha =0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha =0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30cc00f65bbc630448311dd2dc82e7ce5e90985a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.749ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha =0}"></span>, but atmospheric refraction makes the sun appear 50 arcminutes higher.) So <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(0.833^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">q</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>0.833</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(0.833^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a645e8605ff20e1900bae231b16a8b4b07add699" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:28.09ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(0.833^{\circ })}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Maghrib}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(0.833^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">b</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>0.833</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Maghrib}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(0.833^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7018a06762c529e1fd1b0dff88e7e98cb7f63a8d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:28.92ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Maghrib}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(0.833^{\circ })}"></span>. <ul><li>If we consider the elevation of the point we should add <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0.0347^{\circ }\times {\sqrt {h}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>0.0347</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mi>h</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0.0347^{\circ }\times {\sqrt {h}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3f40463bba1e5bed720c24749c562cadc80512db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.629ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0.0347^{\circ }\times {\sqrt {h}}}"></span> to 0.833°, where <i>h</i> is the elevation in meters (see <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_equation#Hour_angle" title="Sunrise equation">Sunrise equation § Hour angle</a>).</li> <li>Maghrib prayer is called for when the sun is completely folded behind the horizon, plus 3 minutes by precaution.</li></ul></li> <li>For Fajr and Isha many conventions about the angle <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> exist. It is of 17 and 18 degrees respectively for Fajr and Isha prayers according to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_World_League" title="Muslim World League">Muslim World League</a>. As a result, we have <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Fajr}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(18^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">j</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>18</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Fajr}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(18^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f012fb3d79951da35fa05cb20b637ccb3404a810" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:22.97ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Fajr}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}-T(18^{\circ })}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Isha}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(17^{\circ })}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">I</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">a</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>17</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Isha}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(17^{\circ })}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b44572ebc1ca362347797ad2e3a8aeae19c2b665" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.97ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Isha}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(17^{\circ })}"></span>.</li> <li>The Asr time is defined in term of the length of its shadow, with differing opinions about how much longer the shadow is. Let <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> be the required length of the object shadow relative to its own length. We first find the Sun's altitude as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A(n)=\operatorname {arccot}(n+\left|\tan(\phi -\delta )\right|).}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>arccot</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <mi>tan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A(n)=\operatorname {arccot}(n+\left|\tan(\phi -\delta )\right|).}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8994404ed14c423fb3941989f051c7ce24af682d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.68ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A(n)=\operatorname {arccot}(n+\left|\tan(\phi -\delta )\right|).}"></span> The Asr time is then given as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(A(n)),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">q</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">D</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">h</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">r</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(A(n)),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ba9482f8921e2693ac697be76afcfbf41b9909c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.333ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{\mathsf {Shuruq}}=T_{\mathsf {Dhuhr}}+T(A(n)),}"></span> where the ratio <i>n</i> is 1 or 2 depending on jurisprudence. <ul><li>It is possible to also correct for atmospheric refraction, but most sources do not do so. After all, the refraction error is much smaller for α > 10°.</li></ul></li></ul><p> Muslims use readily available apps on their phone to find daily prayer times in their locality. Technological advances have allowed for products such as software-enhanced azan clocks that use a combination of GPS and microchips to calculate these formulas. This allows Muslims to live further away from mosques than previously possible, as they no longer need to rely solely on a <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">muezzin</a> in order to keep an accurate prayer schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction_of_prayer" title="Direction of prayer">Direction of prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchkeeping" title="Watchkeeping">Watchkeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zmanim" title="Zmanim">Zmanim</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praytimes.org/">PrayTimes.org</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the day-to-day variation of the prayer times, see, for example, a <a href="/wiki/File:Imsakiyah_Banyuasin_Ramadan_2012.pdf" title="File:Imsakiyah Banyuasin Ramadan 2012.pdf">prayer timetable</a> for <a href="/wiki/Banyuasin_Regency" title="Banyuasin Regency">Banyuasin</a>, Indonesia, for the month of Ramadan in 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_times&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SamovarPorterMcDaniel2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SamovarPorterMcDaniel2008_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSamovarPorterMcDaniel2008" class="citation book cs1">Samovar, Larry A.; Porter, Richard E.; McDaniel, Edwin R. (2008). <i>Intercultural Communication: A Reader: A Reader</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-55418-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-55418-9"><bdi>978-0-495-55418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intercultural+Communication%3A+A+Reader%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-495-55418-9&rft.aulast=Samovar&rft.aufirst=Larry+A.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Richard+E.&rft.au=McDaniel%2C+Edwin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaNaʻīm2009" class="citation book cs1">Na, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im; Naʻīm, ʻabd Allāh Aḥmad (30 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKenKtONX2MC&dq="><i>Islam and the Secular State</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674033764" title="Special:BookSources/9780674033764"><bdi>9780674033764</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Secular+State&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.isbn=9780674033764&rft.aulast=Na&rft.aufirst=Abdullahi+Ahmed+An-Na%27im&rft.au=Na%CA%BB%C4%ABm%2C+%CA%BBabd+All%C4%81h+A%E1%B8%A5mad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKenKtONX2MC%26dq%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis_Iv2009" class="citation book cs1">Curtis Iv, Edward E. (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIzC9N8-7Z0C&dq=some+muslims+pray+three+times+a+day&pg=PT23"><i>Muslims in America: A Short History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974567-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974567-8"><bdi>978-0-19-974567-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+America%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-10&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974567-8&rft.aulast=Curtis+Iv&rft.aufirst=Edward+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZIzC9N8-7Z0C%26dq%3Dsome%2Bmuslims%2Bpray%2Bthree%2Btimes%2Ba%2Bday%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jafarli, Durdana. "The historical conditions for the emergence of the Quranist movement in Egypt in the 19th-20th centuries." МОВА І КУЛЬТУРА (2017): 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWensinck1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wensinck, Arent Jan (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=%E1%B8%B2ibla%3A+Ritual+and+Legal+Aspects&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Ḳibla: Ritual and Legal Aspects"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. 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Brill. pp. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2ibla%3A+Ritual+and+Legal+Aspects&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+V%3A+Khe%E2%80%93Mahi&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=82-83&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Wensinck&rft.aufirst=Arent+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%25E1%25B8%25B2ibla%253A%2BRitual%2Band%2BLegal%2BAspects%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heinz2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heinz2008_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinz2008" class="citation book cs1">Heinz, Justin Paul (2008). <i>The Origins of Muslim Prayer: Sixth and Seventh Century Religious Influences on the Salat Ritual</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>. pp. 115, 123, 125, 133, 141–142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Muslim+Prayer%3A+Sixth+and+Seventh+Century+Religious+Influences+on+the+Salat+Ritual&rft.pages=115%2C+123%2C+125%2C+133%2C+141-142&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Heinz&rft.aufirst=Justin+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wensinck-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wensinck_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWensinck1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wensinck, Arent Jan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=M%C4%AB%E1%B8%B3%C4%81t%3A+Legal+aspects&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Mīḳāt: Legal aspects"</a>. 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Brill. pp. 26–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C4%AB%E1%B8%B3%C4%81t%3A+Legal+aspects&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VII%3A+Mif%E2%80%93Naz&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rft.aulast=Wensinck&rft.aufirst=Arent+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DM%25C4%25AB%25E1%25B8%25B3%25C4%2581t%253A%2BLegal%2Baspects%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-king_muezzin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-king_muezzin_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-king_muezzin_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">King, David A. 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Brill</a>. pp. 285–345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10119-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10119-5"><bdi>90-04-10119-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+role+of+the+muezzin+and+the+muwaqqit+in+medieval+Islamic+society&rft.btitle=Tradition%2C+Transmission%2C+Transformation&rft.pages=285-345&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-04-10119-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKl1COWj9ubAC%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">King, David A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayertimetoronto&rft.atitle=Prayer+time+Toronto&rft.aulast=Afzal&rft.aufirst=Rabia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayertimetoronto.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php">Approximate Solar Coordinates</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praytimes.org/calculation/#Calculating_Prayer_Times">Calculating Prayer Times</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorman2009" class="citation journal cs1">Gorman, Carma R. (2009). "Religion on Demand: Faith-based Design". <i>Design and Culture</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 9–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175470709787375715">10.2752/175470709787375715</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143513427">143513427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Religion+on+Demand%3A+Faith-based+Design&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-22&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175470709787375715&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143513427%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.aufirst=Carma+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalah+times" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_prayer" title="Template:Islamic prayer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_prayer" title="Template talk:Islamic prayer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_prayer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic prayer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salah_(Islamic_prayer)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i> (Islamic prayer)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_prayers#Islamic_prayers" title="List of prayers">Islamic prayers</a> - <a href="/wiki/Prayer_compensation" title="Prayer compensation">Prayer compensation</a> - <a href="/wiki/Woman_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman prayer">Woman prayer</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories and types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular <a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">mandatory</a> prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fajr_nafl_prayer" title="Fajr nafl prayer">Fajr nafl prayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qunut" title="Qunut">Qunut</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Zuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">Asr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Maghrib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">Isha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chafa%27a" title="Chafa'a">Chafa'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Jumu'ah</a> (weekly Friday prayer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communal mandatory prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_prayer_(Islam)" title="Funeral prayer (Islam)">Salat al-Janazah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absentee_funeral_prayer_(Islam)" title="Absentee funeral prayer (Islam)">Prayers for the absent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_prayers" title="Eid prayers">Eid prayers</a> (according to some Islamic scholars)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salah_al_jama%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salah al jama'ah">Congregational prayers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumu'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_prayers" title="Eid prayers">Eid prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_prayer" title="Rain prayer">Rain prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclipse prayer">Eclipse prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supererogatory prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah_prayer" title="Sunnah prayer">Prayers of the tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Voluntary prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duha" title="Duha">Duha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer#Ishraq_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Ishraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahajjud" title="Tahajjud">Tahajjud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Night_nafl_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Night nafl prayer (page does not exist)">Night nafl prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة قيام الليل">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafa%27a" title="Chafa'a">Chafa'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahiyyat_masjid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahiyyat masjid (page does not exist)">Tahiyyat masjid</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تحية المسجد">ar</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occasional prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salat_al-Istikharah" title="Salat al-Istikharah">Salat al-Istikharah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat_al-Tawba" title="Salat al-Tawba">Salat al-Tawba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sick_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sick prayer (page does not exist)">Sick prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة المريض">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Need_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Need prayer (page does not exist)">Need prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة الحاجة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fear_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fear prayer (page does not exist)">Fear prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%81" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة الخوف">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasbih_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasbih prayer (page does not exist)">Tasbih prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AD" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة التسابيح">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_prayers" title="Eid prayers">Eid prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a> (Ramadan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/120px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/180px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/240px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer unit (<i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">raka'ah</a></i>) and<br />its constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Intention (<a href="/wiki/Niyyah" title="Niyyah">Niyyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">Basmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatiha" title="Al-Fatiha">Al-Fatiha</a></li> <li>Standing (<a href="/wiki/Qiyam" title="Qiyam">Qiyam</a>)</li> <li>Recitation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Qira'at</a></li> <li>Proper pronunciation (<a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">Tajwid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilawa" title="Tilawa">Tilawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loud_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loud prayer (page does not exist)">Loud prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة جهرية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_prayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silent prayer (page does not exist)">Silent prayer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:صلاة سرية">ar</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li>Supplication (<a href="/wiki/Qunut" title="Qunut">Qunut</a>)</li> <li>Bowing (<a href="/wiki/Ruku" title="Ruku">Ruku</a>)</li> <li>Prostration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Sujud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sujud_Sahwi" title="Sujud Sahwi">Sujud Sahwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_of_thanksgiving" title="Prostration of thanksgiving">Sujud Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujud_Tilawa" title="Sujud Tilawa">Sujud Tilawa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_in_salah" title="Sitting in salah">Sitting in salah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tashahhud" title="Tashahhud">Tashahhud</a>)</li> <li>Peace greeting (<a href="/wiki/Taslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Taslim">Taslim</a>)</li> <li>Reverence (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Khouchou%C3%A2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khouchouâa (page does not exist)">Khouchouâa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B9" class="extiw" title="ar:خشوع">ar</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contentment" title="Contentment">Contentment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Mihrab</a></li> <li>Podium (<a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">Minbar</a>)</li> <li>Sermon (<a href="/wiki/Khutbah" title="Khutbah">Khutbah</a>)</li> <li>Prayer hall (<a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">Musalla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer rug</a> (<i>sajjādah</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prayer call <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">Adhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqama" title="Iqama">Iqama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salah times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_forbidden_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer forbidden times">Prayer forbidden times</a></li> <li>Prayer direction (<a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Islamic hygienical jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Ritual purity in Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junub" class="mw-redirect" title="Junub">Junub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_in_Islam" title="Menstruation in Islam">Menstruation in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihadha" title="Istihadha">Istihadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bath (<a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a>)</li> <li>Ablution (<a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a>)</li> <li>Dry ablution (<a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a>)</li> <li>Screen or barrier (<a href="/wiki/Sutrah" title="Sutrah">Sutrah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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