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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <p><b>1878</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLXXVIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1878th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 878th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 78th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 9th year of the <a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> decade. As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1878 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1878<br><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLXXVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2631</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1327<br>ԹՎ ՌՅԻԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6628</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>34–35</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1799–1800</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1284–1285</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2828</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>41 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 42 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2422</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1240</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7386–7387</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁丑</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br>4575 or 4368<br> <i>— to —</i><br>戊寅年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br>4576 or 4369</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1594–1595</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3044</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1870–1871</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5638–5639</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1934–1935</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1799–1800</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4978–4979</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11878</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>878–879</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1256–1257</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1294–1296</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji (era)">Meiji</a> 11<br>(明治１１年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1806–1807</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4211</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>34 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br>民前34年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>410</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2420–2421</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火牛年<br>(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br>2004 or 1623 or 851<br> <i>— to —</i><br>阳土虎年<br>(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br>2005 or 1624 or 852</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Events"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Events</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#January%E2%80%93March"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">January–March</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#April%E2%80%93June"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">April–June</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#July%E2%80%93September"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">July–September</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#October%E2%80%93December"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">October–December</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Date_unknown"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Date unknown</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Births"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Births</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#January%E2%80%93March_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">January–March</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#April%E2%80%93June_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">April–June</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#July%E2%80%93September_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">July–September</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#October%E2%80%93December_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">October–December</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#January%E2%80%93June"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">January–June</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#July%E2%80%93December"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">July–December</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raising_the_obelisk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Raising_the_obelisk.jpg/250px-Raising_the_obelisk.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="371"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Raising_the_obelisk.jpg/250px-Raising_the_obelisk.jpg" data-width="210" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Raising_the_obelisk.jpg/330px-Raising_the_obelisk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Raising_the_obelisk.jpg/500px-Raising_the_obelisk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>January–September – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra's Needle (London)">Cleopatra's Needle</a> erected in London.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shipka_Pass_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Shipka Pass IV">Battle of Shipka Pass IV</a> – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">King of Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – Russo-Turkish War: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philippopolis_(1878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Philippopolis (1878)">Battle of Philippopolis</a> – Russian troops defeat the Ottoman Empire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> orders the British fleet to the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – Russian revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Vera_Zasulich" title="Vera Zasulich">Vera Zasulich</a> shoots at <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Trepov_(senior)" title="Fyodor Trepov (senior)">Fyodor Trepov</a>, Governor of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – In the United States: <ul><li>The world's <a href="/wiki/First_Telephone_Exchange" title="First Telephone Exchange">First Telephone Exchange</a> begins commercial operation in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yale_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The Yale News">The Yale News</a></i> becomes the first daily college <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> in the U.S.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – Turkey agrees to an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> at <a href="/wiki/Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople">Adrianople</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – Greece declares war on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> dies, after a 31½ year pontificate (the longest definitely confirmed).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – The British fleet enters Turkish waters, and anchors off <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>; Russia threatens to occupy Istanbul, but does not carry out the threat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lincoln County, New Mexico">Lincoln County, New Mexico</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> is patented by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>, as the 256th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gajanan_Maharaj" title="Gajanan Maharaj">Gajanan Maharaj</a> appears at <a href="/wiki/Shegaon" title="Shegaon">Shegaon</a>, Maharashtra.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – Anti-Russian demonstrations occur in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park, London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_University" title="Mississippi State University">Mississippi State University</a> is created by the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi Legislature</a> (under the name The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> (February 19 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a> signed between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empires</a> following Russian victory in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a> provides for establishment of an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a> (although not as large as originally envisaged). Russia however regards the treaty as a preliminary one only, refusing on March 25 a British proposal to lay it before a European congress, and matters are finally settled in July's <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – Emancipated U.S. slave and Baptist minister Rev. <a href="/wiki/John_Jasper" title="John Jasper">John Jasper</a> first preaches his sermon "The Sun Do Move."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Eurydice_(1843)" title="HMS Eurydice (1843)">HMS <i>Eurydice</i> (1843)</a> capsizes in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>; all but 2 of the 319 crew members are killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – In anticipation of war with Russia, Disraeli mobilizes British reserves, and calls up Indian troops to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland">Senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland</a> issues a declaration establishing a city of <a href="/wiki/Kotka" title="Kotka">Kotka</a> on the southern part of the islands from the <a href="/wiki/Kymi,_Finland" title="Kymi, Finland">old Kymi parish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Stawell_Gift" title="Stawell Gift">Stawell Gift</a> sprint is run for the first time in Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1878)" title="Exposition Universelle (1878)">Exposition Universelle</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">world's fair</a>, is staged in Paris. In June some parts of the city are first lit by '<a href="/wiki/Yablochkov_candle" title="Yablochkov candle">Yablochkov candles</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Arc_lamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc lamps">arc lamps</a>) and on June 30 the head of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> goes on display there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Washburn_%22A%22_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title='Washburn "A" Mill'>Washburn "A" Mill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> explodes, killing 18.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Exchange</a> is established.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Pinafore" title="H.M.S. Pinafore">H.M.S. Pinafore</a></i> debuts in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Comique" title="Opera Comique">Opera Comique</a>, with a first run of 571 performances.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> <ul><li>The General Postal Union is renamed the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU).</li> <li>British <a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">clipper</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Loch_Ard_(ship)" title="Loch Ard (ship)">Loch Ard</a></i> is wrecked off the <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck_Coast" title="Shipwreck Coast">Shipwreck Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria (Australia)</a> with the loss of 52 lives and only 2 survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> cedes <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> to the United Kingdom, but retains the nominal title.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a> is officially founded "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> convenes to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Eadweard Muybridge</a> produces the first sequence of stop-motion still photographs <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_in_Motion" title="The Horse in Motion">The Horse in Motion</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a>), demonstrating that all four feet of a <a href="/wiki/Horse_gait#Gallop" title="Horse gait">galloping horse</a> are off the ground at the same time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – The United States Coast Survey is renamed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Karlskrona" title="Karlskrona">Karlskrona</a> on a voyage that will make him the first man to navigate the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">Northern Sea Route</a>, a shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, along the <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberian</a> coast.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_1878_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Europe_1878_map_en.png/220px-Europe_1878_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1503"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Europe_1878_map_en.png/220px-Europe_1878_map_en.png" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Europe_1878_map_en.png/330px-Europe_1878_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Europe_1878_map_en.png/440px-Europe_1878_map_en.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878 and the territorial and political rearrangement of the Balkan Peninsula.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Ten_Broeck_%E2%80%93_Mollie_McCarty_match_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Broeck – Mollie McCarty match race">match race</a> between champion thoroughbred racehorses <a href="/wiki/Ten_Broeck_(horse)" title="Ten Broeck (horse)">Ten Broeck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mollie_McCarty" title="Mollie McCarty">Mollie McCarty</a> draws more than 30,000 fans to Louisville, and inspires the folk song, "<a href="/wiki/Molly_and_Tenbrooks" title="Molly and Tenbrooks">Molly and Tenbrooks</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> completely independent, confirms the autonomy of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, makes <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> a British possession, and allows Austria-Hungary to garrison the <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia Vilayet">Bosnia Vilayet</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Wallingford_Tornado_of_1878" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallingford Tornado of 1878">Wallingford Tornado of 1878</a>, the deadliest <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> history, destroys the town of <a href="/wiki/Wallingford,_Connecticut" title="Wallingford, Connecticut">Wallingford</a>, killing 34 people and injuring more than 70.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uyedineniya_Island" title="Uyedineniya Island">Uyedineniya Island</a> is discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegian</a> explorer Captain Edvard Holm Johannesen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_SS_Princess_Alice" title="Sinking of SS Princess Alice"><i>Princess Alice</i></a> collides with the <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Bywell_Castle_(1869)" title="SS Bywell Castle (1869)">Bywell Castle</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra's Needle (London)">Cleopatra's Needle</a> is erected beside the Thames in London, having arrived in England on <a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/1878_Canadian_federal_election" title="1878 Canadian federal election">1878 Canadian federal election</a>: Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party</a> are returned to power, defeating the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Alexander Mackenzie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>, an Indian newspaper, is founded.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eldkvarn_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Eldkvarn_1878.jpg/250px-Eldkvarn_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="573"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Eldkvarn_1878.jpg/250px-Eldkvarn_1878.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Eldkvarn_1878.jpg/330px-Eldkvarn_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Eldkvarn_1878.jpg/500px-Eldkvarn_1878.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eldkvarn" title="Eldkvarn">Eldkvarn</a> burns in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – The world's first recorded floodlit football fixture is played at <a href="/wiki/Bramall_Lane" title="Bramall Lane">Bramall Lane</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> returns to office as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Savings_Institution_robbery" title="Manhattan Savings Institution robbery">Manhattan Savings Institution robbery</a> occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – A fire destroys the <i><a href="/wiki/Eldkvarn" title="Eldkvarn">Eldkvarn</a></i> gristmill in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – The first assassination attempt is made against <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I of Italy</a> by anarchist <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Passannante" title="Giovanni Passannante">Giovanni Passannante</a>, armed with a dagger. The King survives with a slight wound in one arm. Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Benedetto Cairoli</a> blocks the aggressor, receiving a leg injury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> commences when the British attack <a href="/wiki/Ali_Masjid" title="Ali Masjid">Ali Masjid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – American-born artist <a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> case against English critic <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, over a review of the painting <i><a href="/wiki/Nocturne_in_Black_and_Gold_%E2%80%93_The_Falling_Rocket" title="Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket">Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket</a></i> (in which Whistler is described as "flinging a pot of paint in the public's face"),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is decided in the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a> in London. Whistler wins a <a href="/wiki/Farthing_(British_coin)" title="Farthing (British coin)">farthing</a> in nominal damages and only half of the costs, leading to his bankruptcy, and alienates patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – The United States <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">territory of New Mexico</a> is linked to the rest of the nation by railroad for the first time, as the <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway</a> inaugurates a newly completed line through the <a href="/wiki/Raton_Pass" title="Raton Pass">Raton Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – French passenger steamer <i>Byzantin</i> founders in the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a> during a gale after collision with British SS <i>Rinaldo</i>, killing around 210 people, with only 14 crew of the <i>Byzantin</i> saved.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Church,_Sliema" title="Stella Maris Church, Sliema">Stella Maris Church, Sliema</a> on <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in <a href="/wiki/Birkirkara" title="Birkirkara">Birkirkara</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>U.S. arbitration rejects <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> claims to <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>'s part of the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Chaco</a> region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> abandons his <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a></i></span>, and forces through legislation outlawing the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democrat">Social Democrats</a>.</li> <li>The 10-year <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Tribal_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Tribal War">Nauruan Tribal War</a> breaks out.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">Yellow fever</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Valley">Mississippi Valley</a> kills over 13,000.</li> <li>Foundation of: <ul><li>Small town <a href="/wiki/La_Farge,_Wisconsin" title="La Farge, Wisconsin">La Farge, Wisconsin</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_River" title="Kickapoo River">Kickapoo River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital_Cantonment" title="Nainital Cantonment">Nainital Cantonment</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buchan_School" title="The Buchan School">The Buchan School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, America's oldest university press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiger_(corporation)" title="Geiger (corporation)">Geiger (corporation)</a>, formed as Geiger Brothers.</li> <li>Kawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki Heavy Industries</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Motorbike" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorbike">motorbike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">helicopters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> concern in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The following English <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> clubs: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton F.C.</a>, formed as St Domingo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimsby_Town_F.C." title="Grimsby Town F.C.">Grimsby Town F.C.</a>, formed as Grimsby Pelham.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Town_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipswich Town Football Club">Ipswich Town Football Club</a>, formed as amateur club Ipswich A.F.C. They will not turn professional until <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>.</li> <li>Newton Heath Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Football Club, the team that will become <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion F.C.</a>, formed as West Bromwich Strollers F.C.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a></i> is published complete in book form in Moscow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Allan_Pelton" title="Lester Allan Pelton">Lester Allan Pelton</a> produces the first operational <a href="/wiki/Pelton_wheel" title="Pelton wheel">Pelton wheel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Remington_and_Sons" title="E. Remington and Sons">E. Remington and Sons</a>, in the United States, introduce their No. 2 <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a>, the first with a <a href="/wiki/Shift_key" title="Shift key">shift key</a>, enabling production of <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">lower</a> as well as upper case characters.</li> <li>The last confirmed <a href="/wiki/Cape_lion" title="Cape lion">Cape lion</a> dies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>, the much studied <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> of the Roman legionary <a href="/wiki/Caius_Largennius" title="Caius Largennius">Caius Largennius</a> is discovered.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg/120px-Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2195" data-file-height="2731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg/120px-Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg/250px-Carl_Sandburg_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg/120px-Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg/120px-Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg/250px-Theodoros_Pangalos.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Pangalos_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoros Pangalos (general)">Theodoros Pangalos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Gordon_Coates,_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg/120px-Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="877"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg/120px-Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg/250px-Joseph_Gordon_Coates%2C_1931.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/120px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1035"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/120px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="129" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/250px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dki_Hirota" title="Kōki Hirota">Kōki Hirota</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg/120px-Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1808"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg/120px-Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="176" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg/250px-Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres" title="Vicente Mejía Colindres">Vicente Mejía Colindres</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg/120px-Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 139px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg/120px-Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="139" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg/250px-Lionel_Barrymore_2.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Atwell,_from_The_Little_Broadcast_(1933).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png/120px-Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="479"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 79px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png/120px-Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png" data-width="100" data-height="79" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png/250px-Roy_Atwell%2C_from_The_Little_Broadcast_%281933%29.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roy_Atwell" title="Roy Atwell">Roy Atwell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27,_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="790"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="153" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg/100px-Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1026"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg/100px-Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="145" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg/150px-Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg/200px-Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark" title="Princess Ingeborg of Denmark">Princess Ingeborg of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg/100px-Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="631"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg/100px-Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="142" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg/150px-Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg/200px-Alfred_Doeblin_1930.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Alfred Döblin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lise_Meitner_(1878-1968),_lecturing_at_Catholic_University,_Washington,_D.C.,_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg/120px-Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2030"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg/120px-Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="135" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg/250px-Lise_Meitner_%281878-1968%29%2C_lecturing_at_Catholic_University%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_1946.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stalin_Full_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Stalin_Full_Image.jpg/120px-Stalin_Full_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="831"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Stalin_Full_Image.jpg/120px-Stalin_Full_Image.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="150" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Stalin_Full_Image.jpg/250px-Stalin_Full_Image.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jaakko_M%C3%A4ki" title="Jaakko Mäki">Jaakko Mäki</a>, Finnish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._E._Coppard" title="A. E. Coppard">A. E. Coppard</a>, English short story writer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_John" title="Augustus John">Augustus John</a>, Welsh painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>, American poet and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a>, American psychologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Pangalos_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoros Pangalos (general)">Theodoros Pangalos</a>, Greek general, politician and <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Greece" title="List of heads of state of Greece">President of Greece</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Saro" title="Leopoldo Saro">Leopoldo Saro</a>, Spanish general (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Moln%C3%A1r" title="Ferenc Molnár">Ferenc Molnár</a>, Hungarian-born author (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Carey_(actor)" title="Harry Carey (actor)">Harry Carey</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Finlay_Currie" title="Finlay Currie">Finlay Currie</a>, Scottish actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constance_Collier" title="Constance Collier">Constance Collier</a>, English stage, screen actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rutland_Boughton" title="Rutland Boughton">Rutland Boughton</a>, English composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Alexanderson" title="Ernst Alexanderson">Ernst Alexanderson</a>, Swedish-born American television pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_of_Orl%C3%A9ans-Braganza_(1878%E2%80%931920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís of Orléans-Braganza (1878–1920)">Luís of Orléans-Braganza</a>, Brazilian royalty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Rountree" title="Harry Rountree">Harry Rountree</a>, New Zealand illustrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Milan_Hod%C5%BEa" title="Milan Hodža">Milan Hodža</a>, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfr%C3%A9d_Haj%C3%B3s" title="Alfréd Hajós">Alfréd Hajós</a>, Hungarian swimmer, architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Martha_Houghton_Hepburn" title="Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn">Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn</a>, American suffragist (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a>, 21st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Petrovsky" title="Grigory Petrovsky">Grigory Petrovsky</a>, Ukrainian Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Citro%C3%ABn" title="André Citroën">André Citroën</a>, French automobile manufacturer (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a>, Austrian philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dki_Hirota" title="Kōki Hirota">Kōki Hirota</a>, 21st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Big_Jim_Colosimo" title="Big Jim Colosimo">Big Jim Colosimo</a>, Italian-born American gangster (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kate_Gordon_Moore" title="Kate Gordon Moore">Kate Gordon Moore</a>, American psychologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa</a>, multi-origined spiritual leader and founder of <a href="/wiki/Auroville" title="Auroville">Auroville</a>, India (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Destinn" title="Emmy Destinn">Emmy Destinn</a>, Czech soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Fatou" title="Pierre Fatou">Pierre Fatou</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Thomas_(poet)" title="Edward Thomas (poet)">Edward Thomas</a>, British poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Van_Alstyne" title="Egbert Van Alstyne">Egbert Van Alstyne</a>, American songwriter, pianist (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishima_Takeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arishima Takeo">Arishima Takeo</a>, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/P._D._Ouspensky" title="P. D. Ouspensky">P. D. Ouspensky</a>, Russian mathematician and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kustodiev" title="Boris Kustodiev">Boris Kustodiev</a>, Soviet painter and designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a>, Shah of Iran (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen" title="Clemens August Graf von Galen">Clemens August Graf von Galen</a>, German Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_XXIV,_Prince_Reuss_of_Greiz" title="Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz">Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Th%C3%A9ato" title="Michel Théato">Michel Théato</a>, Luxembourg athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schreker" title="Franz Schreker">Franz Schreker</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Glessner_Lee" title="Frances Glessner Lee">Frances Glessner Lee</a>, American forensic scientist; known as "mother of forensic science" (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gullett" title="Henry Gullett">Henry Gullett</a>, Australian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a>, American boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._Ganesha_Iyer" title="C. Ganesha Iyer">C. Ganesha Iyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon Tamil">Ceylon Tamil</a> philologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Lykoudis" title="Stylianos Lykoudis">Stylianos Lykoudis</a>, Greek admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam" title="Erich Mühsam">Erich Mühsam</a>, German author (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Mej%C3%ADa_Colindres" title="Vicente Mejía Colindres">Vicente Mejía Colindres</a>, 23rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">President of Honduras</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a>, Swiss artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Mengelberg" title="Willem Mengelberg">Willem Mengelberg</a>, Dutch conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Witwicki" title="Władysław Witwicki">Władysław Witwicki</a>, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roy_Atwell" title="Roy Atwell">Roy Atwell</a>, American actor, comedian and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(German_Reich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)">Chancellor of Germany</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julia_Dean_(actress,_born_1878)" title="Julia Dean (actress, born 1878)">Julia Dean</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Holmes" title="Taylor Holmes">Taylor Holmes</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a>, American aviation pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gama" title="The Great Gama">The Great Gama</a>, Punjabi wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson" title="Bill Robinson">Bill Robinson</a>, African-American tap dancer (d. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pelliot" title="Paul Pelliot">Paul Pelliot</a>, French sinologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zelmira_Segreda_Solera_de_Cappella" title="Zelmira Segreda Solera de Cappella">Zelmira Segreda Solera de Cappella</a>, Costa Rican soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Masefield" title="John Masefield">John Masefield</a>, English poet, novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barney_Oldfield" title="Barney Oldfield">Barney Oldfield</a>, American automobile racer, pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a>, Mexican revolutionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Skelly" title="William Skelly">William Skelly</a>, American oil magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Oliver_Curwood" title="James Oliver Curwood">James Oliver Curwood</a>, American writer, conservationist (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Yurovsky" title="Yakov Yurovsky">Yakov Yurovsky</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/Old_Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bolshevik">Old Bolshevik</a>, revolutionary, and <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Chekist</a> (d.<a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Burton_Cleland" title="John Burton Cleland">John Burton Cleland</a>, Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/He_Xiangning" title="He Xiangning">He Xiangning</a>, Chinese revolutionary, feminist, politician, painter and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan" title="George M. Cohan">George M. Cohan</a>, American singer, dancer, composer, actor and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1878)" title="Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1878)">Jimmy Quinn</a>, Scottish footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Hermes" title="Andreas Hermes">Andreas Hermes</a>, German agricultural scientist, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunsany" title="Lord Dunsany">Lord Dunsany</a>, Irish author (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Logothetopoulos" title="Konstantinos Logothetopoulos">Konstantinos Logothetopoulos</a>, Prime Minister of Greece (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Montero" title="José Pedro Montero">José Pedro Montero</a>, 27th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">President of Paraguay</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Tanguay" title="Eva Tanguay">Eva Tanguay</a>, Canadian-born vaudeville performer (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark" title="Princess Ingeborg of Denmark">Princess Ingeborg of Denmark</a>, Princess of Sweden (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aino_Kallas" title="Aino Kallas">Aino Kallas</a>, Finnish-Estonian author (d. 1956)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Gray" title="Eileen Gray">Eileen Gray</a>, Irish architect, furniture designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Alfred Döblin</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paa_Grant" title="Paa Grant">Paa Grant</a>, Ghanian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Assunta_Pallotta" title="Maria Assunta Pallotta">Maria Assunta Pallotta</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious professed and blessed (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lina_Stern" title="Lina Stern">Lina Stern</a>, Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel" title="Pyotr Wrangel">Pyotr Wrangel</a>, Russian general, anti-Bolshevik leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a>, American scientist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Jarvis_(athlete)" title="Frank Jarvis (athlete)">Frank Jarvis</a>, American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg</a>, German field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_von_Lieben" title="Robert von Lieben">Robert von Lieben</a>, Austrian physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Catherine_Yurievskaya" title="Princess Catherine Yurievskaya">Princess Catherine Yurievskaya</a>, daughter of daughter of Alexander II of Russia (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matilde_Moisant" title="Matilde Moisant">Matilde Moisant</a>, American pilot (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Albiker" title="Karl Albiker">Karl Albiker</a>, German sculptor, lithographer and teacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Yoshida" title="Shigeru Yoshida">Shigeru Yoshida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles-Ferdinand_Ramuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz">Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz</a>, Swiss writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Hammerstein-Equord" title="Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord">Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord</a>, German general and Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jir%C5%8D_Tamon" title="Jirō Tamon">Jirō Tamon</a>, Japanese general (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Othmar Spann</a>, Austrian philosopher, economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_Dresser" title="Louise Dresser">Louise Dresser</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Warwick" title="Robert Warwick">Robert Warwick</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Girard-Mangin" title="Nicole Girard-Mangin">Nicole Girard-Mangin</a>, French physician in the French Army (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Buresch" title="Karl Buresch">Karl Buresch</a>, 9th Chancellor of Austria (d. <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Paul Reynaud</a>, 77th Prime Minister of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maxie_Long" title="Maxie Long">Maxie Long</a>, American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Llobet" title="Miguel Llobet">Miguel Llobet</a>, Spanish guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Kissam_Vanderbilt_II" title="William Kissam Vanderbilt II">William Kissam Vanderbilt II</a>, American motor racing driver and yachtsman (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Falkenhausen" title="Alexander von Falkenhausen">Alexander von Falkenhausen</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scherbius" title="Arthur Scherbius">Arthur Scherbius</a>, German electrical engineer, mathematician, cryptanalyst and inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a>, Argentine politician, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a>, German-Austrian physicist, discoverer of nuclear fission (d. <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cousins" title="Margaret Cousins">Margaret Cousins</a>, Irish-Indian educationist, suffragist and Theosophist (d. <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrohom_Yeshaya_Karelitz" title="Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz">Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz</a>, Belarusian-born Orthodox rabbi (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Bate" title="Dorothea Bate">Dorothea Bate</a>, British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology (d. <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inigo_Campioni" title="Inigo Campioni">Inigo Campioni</a>, Italian admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Manet" title="Julie Manet">Julie Manet</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Staff" title="Leopold Staff">Leopold Staff</a>, Polish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Grace Abbott</a>, American social worker, activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Joseph_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Joseph King">Ernest Joseph King</a>, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations (COMINCH-CNO) during World War II (d. <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pick" title="Frank Pick">Frank Pick</a>, British transport administrator, designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Orpen" title="William Orpen">William Orpen</a>, Irish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeni_Bojilova-Pateva" title="Jeni Bojilova-Pateva">Jeni Bojilova-Pateva</a>, Bulgarian women's rights activist and suffragist (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_Marchioness_of_Londonderry" title="Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry">Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a>, Indian politician, freedom fighter (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, leader of the Soviet Union (d. <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myer_Prinstein" title="Myer Prinstein">Myer Prinstein</a>, Polish-American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Chevrolet" title="Louis Chevrolet">Louis Chevrolet</a>, Swiss-born race driver, automobile builder (d. <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a>, Russian-born American film executive (d. <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bryukhanov" title="Nikolai Bryukhanov">Nikolai Bryukhanov</a>, Soviet statesman, political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden" title="Elizabeth Arden">Elizabeth Arden</a>, Canadian-born beautician, cosmetics entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Quiroga" title="Horacio Quiroga">Horacio Quiroga</a>, Uruguayan writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deaths" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VictorEmmanuel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/100px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="908"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/100px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="151" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/150px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/200px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pius_IX,_by_Adolphe_Braun,_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg/100px-Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3172" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg/100px-Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="126" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg/150px-Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg/200px-Pius_IX%2C_by_Adolphe_Braun%2C_1875.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Sewell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Anna_Sewell.jpg/120px-Anna_Sewell.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="179"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 119px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Anna_Sewell.jpg/120px-Anna_Sewell.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="119" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Anna_Sewell.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sewell" title="Anna Sewell">Anna Sewell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg/120px-William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1444"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg/120px-William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="150" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg/250px-William_Cullen_Bryant_Cabinet_Card_by_Mora-crop.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg/120px-Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1983"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 128px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg/120px-Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="128" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg/250px-Mirjam_Abbelin_4.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Mariam_Baouardy" title="Mariam Baouardy">Mariam Baouardy</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: January–June" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora</a>, 6th Prime Minister of Italy (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Nekrasov" title="Nikolay Nekrasov">Nikolay Nekrasov</a>, Russian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-dic_1990_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dic_1990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a> of Italy (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_C%C3%A9sar_Becquerel" title="Antoine César Becquerel">Antoine César Becquerel</a>, French scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Gideon Welles</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Daubigny" title="Charles-François Daubigny">Charles-François Daubigny</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Secchi" title="Angelo Secchi">Angelo Secchi</a>, Italian astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Karl_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Karl of Austria">Archduke Franz Karl of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Mayer" title="Julius von Mayer">Julius von Mayer</a>, German physician and physicist, a founder of thermodynamics (b. <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a>, English architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Treffz" title="Henrietta Treffz">Henrietta Treffz</a>, Austrian soprano, first wife of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wentworth_Little" title="Robert Wentworth Little">Robert Wentworth Little</a>, English occultist (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tweed" title="William M. Tweed">William M. Tweed</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Sewell" title="Anna Sewell">Anna Sewell</a>, English author (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Philippe_Denfert-Rochereau" title="Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau">Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau</a>, French military officer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anselme_Payen" title="Anselme Payen">Anselme Payen</a>, French chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a>, American scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckubo_Toshimichi" title="Ōkubo Toshimichi">Ōkubo Toshimichi</a>, Japanese samurai, later leader of the Meiji restoration (b. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">John Russell, 1st Earl Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Bibra" title="Ernst von Bibra">Ernst von Bibra</a>, German scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers">Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers</a>, Marshal of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stirling" title="Robert Stirling">Robert Stirling</a>, Scottish clergyman and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a>, American poet, journalist and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Cheorin" title="Queen Cheorin">Queen Cheorin</a>, Korean queen consort (b. <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Hanover" title="George V of Hanover">George V of Hanover</a>, deposed German king (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dayal_Singh" title="Shiv Dayal Singh">Shiv Dayal Singh</a>, founder and first SatGuru of <a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a> faith (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Breese" title="Sidney Breese">Sidney Breese</a>, U.S. senator from Illinois, 'father of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">Illinois Central Railroad</a>' (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: July–December" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Bass_(outlaw)" title="Sam Bass (outlaw)">Sam Bass (outlaw)</a>, American outlaw (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Freiherr_von_Rokitansky" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky">Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky</a>, Bohemian pathologist, philosopher and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Montague" title="Henry James Montague">Henry James Montague</a>, English-born actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Upjohn" title="Richard Upjohn">Richard Upjohn</a>, English-American architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mariam_Baouardy" title="Mariam Baouardy">Mariam Baouardy</a>, Syrian <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Discalced Carmelite">Discalced Carmelite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic</a> nun and saint, canonized (b. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Geiss" title="James Geiss">James Geiss</a>, English businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Ali_Pasha_(marshal)" title="Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal)">Mehmed Ali Pasha</a>, Prussian-born Ottoman military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1827" title="1827">1827</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dora_Hand" title="Dora Hand">Dora Hand</a>, dance hall singer, actress (b.<a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – Satanta, Kiowa war chief (b. 1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wells" title="Henry Wells">Henry Wells</a>, American businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Alice of the United Kingdom">Princess Alice of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Payne_(pantomimist)" title="William Payne (pantomimist)">W H Payne</a>, actor and mime artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Aiken" title="Frederick Aiken">Frederick Aiken</a>, American lawyer, journalist, and soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1832" title="1832">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_K._Hoff" title="Henry K. Hoff">Henry K. Hoff</a>, American admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNRHP" class="citation web cs1">NRHP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/site-of-the-first-telephone-exchange.htm">"Site of the First Telephone Exchange"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028094111/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/site-of-the-first-telephone-exchange.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Site+of+the+First+Telephone+Exchange&rft.au=NRHP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fnationalhistoriclandmarks%2Fsite-of-the-first-telephone-exchange.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="Public Domain" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2009" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (December 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1468"><i>A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 1468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-672-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East+%5B6+volumes%5D%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=1468&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-672-5&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5_tSnygvbIC%26pg%3DPA1468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York <i>Daily Herald</i>, 24 Mar 1878, p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotka.fi/default.asp?link=110.5">Kotkan synty ja kasvu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520225231/http://www.kotka.fi/default.asp?link=110.5">Archived</a> May 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5934740">"The Loch Ard Lost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Melbourne)" title="The Argus (Melbourne)">The Argus</a></i>. No. 9972. Melbourne. June 3, 1878. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2017</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=The+Loch+Ard+Lost&rft.issue=9972&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1878-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article5934740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2023" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Cheyna (December 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/12/george-leslie-bank-robber-heist-history.html">"My Favorite Victorian Criminal Was a Bank Robber With a Secret Weapon"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339">1091-2339</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=My+Favorite+Victorian+Criminal+Was+a+Bank+Robber+With+a+Secret+Weapon&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft.issn=1091-2339&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Cheyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2023%2F12%2Fgeorge-leslie-bank-robber-heist-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruskin, John (1877-07-02). <i><a href="/wiki/Fors_Clavigera" title="Fors Clavigera">Fors Clavigera</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whistler, J. McNeill (1890). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gentle_Art_of_Making_Enemies" title="The Gentle Art of Making Enemies">The Gentle Art of Making Enemies</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorneman2010" class="citation book cs1">Borneman, Walter R. (2010). <i>Rival Rails: The Race to Build America's Greatest Transcontinental Railroad</i>. Random House Digital. p. 168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rival+Rails%3A+The+Race+to+Build+America%27s+Greatest+Transcontinental+Railroad&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Borneman&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Collision in the Dardanelles". <i>The Cornishman</i>. No. 25. January 2, 1878. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornishman&rft.atitle=The+Collision+in+the+Dardanelles&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1878-01-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/history/index.html">"History | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd"</a>. <i>global.kawasaki.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=global.kawasaki.com&rft.atitle=History+%7C+Kawasaki+Heavy+Industries%2C+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.kawasaki.com%2Fen%2Fcorp%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/169450-v-muzeu-emila-holuba-se-ukryval-kapsky-lev.html">"V muzeu Emila Holuba se ukrýval kapský lev"</a>. <i>Novinky.cz</i> (in Czech). May 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novinky.cz&rft.atitle=V+muzeu+Emila+Holuba+se+ukr%C3%BDval+kapsk%C3%BD+lev&rft.date=2009-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fdomaci%2F169450-v-muzeu-emila-holuba-se-ukryval-kapsky-lev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501004312/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/911109.aspx">"Kansanedustajat: Jaakko Mäki"</a> (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/911109.aspx">the original</a> on May 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kansanedustajat%3A+Jaakko+M%C3%A4ki&rft.place=Helsinki%2C+Finland&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eduskunta.fi%2FFI%2Fkansanedustajat%2FSivut%2F911109.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2000" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Jay (January 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://surface.syr.edu/sumagazine/vol16/iss4/13/">"The Original Orange Olympic Champ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse University Magazine">Syracuse University Magazine</a></i>. <b>16</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syracuse+University+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Original+Orange+Olympic+Champ&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurface.syr.edu%2Fsumagazine%2Fvol16%2Fiss4%2F13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dic_1990-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dic_1990_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebedev,_Yu,_V.1990" class="citation web cs1">Lebedev, Yu, V. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://az.lib.ru/n/nekrasow_n_a/text_0350.shtml">"Nekrasov, Nikolai Alekseyevich"</a>. Russian Writers. Biobibliographical Dictionary. Vol. 2. Ed. P.A.Nikolayev. Moscow. Prosveshchenye Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nekrasov%2C+Nikolai+Alekseyevich&rft.pub=Russian+Writers.+Biobibliographical+Dictionary.+Vol.+2.+Ed.+P.A.Nikolayev.+Moscow.+Prosveshchenye+Publishers.&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Lebedev%2C+Yu%2C+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faz.lib.ru%2Fn%2Fnekrasow_n_a%2Ftext_0350.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatriarca2012" class="citation book cs1">Patriarca, Silvana (2012). <i>The Risorgimento revisited : nationalism and culture in nineteenth-century Italy</i>. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230362758" title="Special:BookSources/9780230362758"><bdi>9780230362758</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Risorgimento+revisited+%3A+nationalism+and+culture+in+nineteenth-century+Italy&rft.place=Houndmills%2C+Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire+New+York&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780230362758&rft.aulast=Patriarca&rft.aufirst=Silvana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual49unkngoog"><i>Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1878</i></a>. Vol. 18. New York: <a href="/wiki/D._Appleton_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="D. Appleton and Co.">D. Appleton and Co.</a> 1886.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Annual+Cyclopedia+and+Register+of+Important+Events+of+the+Year+1878&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Co.&rft.date=1886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappletonsannual49unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1878" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1878&oldid=1283498359">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1878&oldid=1283498359</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=1878&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Camboxer" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1743543588"> <span>Last edited on 1 April 2025, at 21:39</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1878 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1878 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1878 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1878 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۷۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۷۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AE" title="১৮৭৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৭৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_n%C3%AE" title="1878 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1878 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1878 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1878 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878." title="1878. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1878." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1878 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1878 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8" title="۱۸۷۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۷۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4" title="1878年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1878年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%EB%85%84" title="1878년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1878년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="१८७८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८७८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878." title="1878. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1878." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১৮৭৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৭৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1878-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1878-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AD%E0%B3%AE" title="೧೮೭೮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೭೮" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1878 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1878 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1878 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1878 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1878-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1878-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1878 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1878 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B8" title="1878 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1878 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878._gads" title="1878. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1878. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1878 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1878 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_m." title="1878 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1878 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="१८७८ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८७८" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १८७८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८७८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8" title="۱۸۷۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۷۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1878 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1878 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1878 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1878 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%87%E1%81%88" title="၁၈၇၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၇၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="ई सं १८७८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८७८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4" title="1878年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1878年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1878 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1878 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୮୭୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୭୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="१८७८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८७८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1878" title="Joohr 1878 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1878" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1878 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1878 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AE" title="१८७८ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८७८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%D8%B9" title="1878ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1878ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A7%D9%A8" title="١٨٧٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٧٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878." title="1878. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1878." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1878 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1878 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2421" title="พ.ศ. 2421 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2421" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1878" title="Соли 1878 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1878" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1878 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1878 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%D8%A1" title="1878ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1878ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_nienz" title="1878 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1878 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%83%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4" title="一八七八年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八七八年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4" title="1878年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1878年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4" title="1878年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1878年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4" title="1878年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1878年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878" title="1878 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1878" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" 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