CINXE.COM
Louis Armstrong Research Paper - 3031 Words | Bartleby
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <!--AB Tasty script--> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://try.abtasty.com/170d56cbbec1e7608c37847ad438d87e.js"></script> <!--end AB Tasty script--> <link href="/writing/criticalcss/essay.min.css?v=3.5.79" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ "environment": "production" }); dataLayer.push({ "ga_enable_tracking": "true" }); dataLayer.push({ "version": "3.5.79" }); dataLayer.push({ "source_site_id": 1 }); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.setAttributeNode(d.createAttribute('data-ot-ignore'));j.setAttribute('class','optanon-category-C0001');j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-56MW5HV');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <title>Louis Armstrong Research Paper - 3031 Words | Bartleby</title> <meta name="description" content="Free Essay: Many people knew Louis Armstrong as the “first real genius of jazz”(Shipton 26). He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901. Louis..." /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests;block-all-mixed-content" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-FKTRSRJVJ" /> </head> <body class="gray-ultra-light--bg"> <div id="app"> <div><div class="header-splat no-padding"><nav class="row top-nav top-nav--slim"><div class="columns small-2 medium-1 hide-for-large-only hide-for-large-up full-height"><section class="navigation"><div class="nav-container"><nav><div class="nav-mobile"><a href="javascript:void(0);" role="button" aria-label="Hamburger menu" aria-expanded="false" id="nav-toggle" class="burger full-height vert-align-middle display-inline-block cursor-pointer position-relative bv-popup-parent" data-bv-click="toggleClass('display-none'):'burger-popup-menu';addClass('display-none'):'writing-tools-mobile-list';toggleAttr('aria-expanded','true','false'):'nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'up-arrow-mobile';removeClass('display-none'):'down-arrow-mobile';toggleClass('active'):'nav-toggle';toggleClass('drop-down-move-down','drop-down-move-up'):'burger-popup-menu';"><span></span></a></div></nav></div></section><div class="drop-down-mobile display-none" id="burger-popup-menu" style="top:3.5rem;left:-0.6rem;border:none;width:103vw"><ul><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/essay/">Essay</a></li><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/topics/">Topics</a></li><li><a class="nav-drop-down-a nav-drop-down-a-main" href="/writing/">Writing</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="columns small-6 medium-3 large-3 full-height"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="show-for-large vert-align-middle full-height"><div class="header-splat__logo-container"></div></a><div class="hide-for-large-up display-inline-block vert-align-middle full-height"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="cursor-pointer"><img name="Homepage" class="vert-center" src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/logos/bartleby/logo-home.svg" width="70" height="35"/></a></div></div><div class="columns large-4 full-height hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only no-padding padding-top-0-5--large"><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/essay/" class="text-m white weight-600">Essays</a></div><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/topics/" class="text-m white weight-600">Topics</a></div><div class="columns large-2"><a href="/writing/" class="text-m white weight-600">Writing</a></div><div class="columns large-4"><a href="/write/tool/essay-checker" class="text-m white weight-600">Essay Checker</a></div><div class="columns"></div></div><div class="columns position-relative small-2 medium-5 large-4 full-height"><form class="search-box header-splat__search-box header-splat__search-box--custom-nav" id="search-form" action="/writing/search" method="GET"><input type="text" name="query" class="search-box__input search-box__input--gray-bg search-box__input--splat-header undefined" placeholder="Essay topics, assignments, speeches..."/><button aria-label="search" class="search-box__button search-box__button--splat-header" type="submit"><span class="search-box__icon search-box__icon--splat-header"><i class="header-splat__search-box--btn-icon"></i></span></button></form><div class="header-splat__search-toggle-container header-splat__search-toggle-container--custom-nav header-splat__search-toggle-container--custom-nav-ng1" data-bv-click="toggleClass('conditionally-visible'):'search-form';toggleAttr('aria-expanded','false','false'):'nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'burger-popup-menu';removeClass('active'):nav-toggle';addClass('display-none'):'writing-tools-mobile-list';removeClass('drop-down-move-down'):'burger-popup-menu';"><i class="header-splat__search-box--btn-icon-mobile" id="header-splat__icon-ui-24-search-toggle"></i></div></div><div class="columns small-2 medium-2 large-1 full-height align-right"><div class="header-splat__columns align-right"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/dashboard" rel="nofollow" aria-label="My Account"><div class="burger full-height vert-align-middle display-inline-block cursor-pointer position-relative"><div class="vert-center icon--account"></div></div></a></div></div></nav></div><div class="row small-12 columns padding-top-1"><nav class="margin-bottom-2"><ul class="unstyled nav-breadcrumbs"><li class="display-inline-block"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/" class="capitalize brand-primary">Home Page</a></li><li class="display-inline-block"><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/" class="capitalize brand-primary">Research</a></li><li class="display-inline-block"><span class="ash-gray capitalize">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</span></li></ul></nav></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_top"></div><div class="row columns"></div><div class="row essay-preview-block"><div class="columns small-12 medium-8 large-8 no-padding"><div class="preview-header-row display-flex"><div class="columns small-5 medium-3 large-2 no-padding"><img src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/placeholders/essay_preview.png" width="100%" alt="preview"/></div><div class="columns small-7 medium-9 large-10 display-flex flex-flow-column"><h1 class="heading-s weight-700 no-margin ">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</h1><div class="grade-essay-card grade-better-essays"><span>Better Essays</span></div><ul class="weight-700 padding-left-1 share-block "><li><span class="text-s">3031 Words</span></li><li><span class="text-s">13 Pages</span></li></ul><div class="margin-top-auto"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button button--orange button--squarish text-m button--orange" id="ShowMoreButtonExtra" data-href="/writing/document/FKTRSRJVJ" rel="nofollow">Open Document</a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="divPreviewBlock" class="row essay-preview-block "><div class="columns large-8 paper-container paper-container--with-sidebar position-relative border-box-shadow margin-4 padding-2"><div class=""><div class="position-relative margin-4 text-xl"><div id="essay-body-heading-details"></div><script>if (typeof doShowProdHdr === 'function') { document.getElementById("essay-body-heading-details").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("essay-preview-premium-ribbon").style.display="none"; };</script><div class="document__body white-space--break-spaces break-word"><span class="document__preview text-l source-serif "><p>Many people knew Louis Armstrong as the “first real genius of jazz”(Shipton 26). He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901. Louis was the illegitimate son of William Armstrong and Mary Est “Mayann” Albert. He was abandoned by his father, a boiler stoker, shortly after his birth and was raised by his paternal grandmother. Then, at the age of five, he was returned to the care of his mother, who at the time worked as a laundress. Together with his mom, they moved to a better area of New Orleans. This is where Armstrong first fell in love with music; he would listen to people playing any chance that he would get(Tirro). He would attend parades, funerals, churches and go to cheap cabarets to be able to hear some of the greats play<a data-href=/writing/document/FKTRSRJVJ class="document__middle white-space--normal source-serif text-l" rel="nofollow" style="cursor:pointer;white-space: normal;"> <i>…show more content…</i> </a></p></span><span class="document__preview text-l source-serif "><p class='text-ellipsis-after'>This was a hard move for Armstrong because he did not want to leave his hometown of New Orleans, but he knew it was a move he needed to make(Tirro). He made his first ever recording with Oliver’s band in 1923 under the Gennett Label. Though, in 1924, Armstrong was given the opportunity to move to New York City. He did not want to make the move, but his wife convinced him it was best for his career, and he went. In New York, Armstrong was the third cornet in Fletcher Henderson’s band(“Louis Daniel Armstrong”). While performing in Henderson’s band, Armstrong made many more recordings, and was lucky enough to work with some famous <a href='/topics/jazz' style='color:#3174a3'>jazz</a> singers and instrumentalists; Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, Alberta Hunter, and Sidney Bechet. But Armstrong became unhappy with the band because he was given few opportunities to solo and was rarely allowed to sing, which forced him away from Henderson’s band(Cogswell 18). Though he was only in New York for a year, this trip helped his talent become more nationally recognized. He built confidence, learned about showmanship, and improved his ability to read music(“Louis Daniel Armstrong”). Everybody in New York fell in love with him because not only was he a great musician, but his humor brought so much more to the performance(Shipton 26). He then returned to Chicago where he was given a spot in his wife’s band as the first chair cornet, his first time in</p></span></div><div class="paper__gradient paper__gradient--bottom"></div><div class="center paper__cta"><a class="button text-m button--orange" id="ShowMoreButton" rel="nofollow" data-href="/writing/document/FKTRSRJVJ">Get Access</a></div></div></div></div><div class="columns large-4 hide-for-medium-only hide-for-small-only"><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_sidebar"></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_sidebar_1"></div></div></div><div class="row essay-preview-block essay-related-block "><div class="columns large-12 padding-1 no-padding-large"><div class="columns large-12 paper--related-separator-new"><span class="paper--related-separator-word">Related</span></div><div class="rhino-slot center" id="essay_ad_related"></div><section class=""><ul id="RelatedDocumentCenter" class="unstyled"><li id="related-essay1"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-satisfactory-essays"><div><span>Satisfactory Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-FCZSJ7HP6LV" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Armstrong's Major Accomplishments</h2></a><ul><li>263 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-FCZSJ7HP6LV" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Armstrong's Major Accomplishments</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Armstrong was born in New Orleans on August 4, 1901. He attended school until he was in the 5th grade, he stopped going to help support his family. To earn money, Armstrong sang on street corners, sold newspapers, and delivered coal. When Armstrong was eleven years old, he got in trouble for shooting a gun on New Year’s Eve to ring in the new year, 1912. He attended Colored Waifs Home in 1913 for eighteen months. During his time there, he learned how to play the bugle cornet, an instrument that is similar to the trumpet. After his time in Colored Waifs Home, he wanted to become a musician. At the start of Armstrong’s career, he married Daisy Parker. Armstrong’s mentor, King Oliver, had Armstrong move to Chicago to be in his band; in Oliver’s</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>263 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-satisfactory-essays"><div><span>Satisfactory Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-FCZSJ7HP6LV">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay2"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Oscar-Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-6268D19D58E70BCE" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Oscar Armstrong's Major Accomplishments</h2></a><ul><li>278 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Oscar-Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-6268D19D58E70BCE" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Oscar Armstrong's Major Accomplishments</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Upon release from the home one year later, he frequently played in parade bands and began touring with Fate Marable where he learned the ropes of the business. His success from then on sky rocketed and included playing along side big name musicians in orchestras and bands. He often reflected upon his rough childhood and drew inspiration from it, perhaps the root of the attitude, feel and expression of his unique sound. His domination and success of the jazz scene can also be seen as a function of time and place as he grew up in the heart center of the evolution of jazz music at the time. Armstrong remained on top all throughout his life until his death on July 6th 1971.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>278 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Oscar-Armstrongs-Major-Accomplishments-6268D19D58E70BCE">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay3"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-satisfactory-essays"><div><span>Satisfactory Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Thesis-Statement-PCQ8RQLH8V" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Thesis Statement</h2></a><ul><li>56 Words</li><li>1 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Thesis-Statement-PCQ8RQLH8V" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Thesis Statement</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">On New Years Eve, 1912, Louis Armstrong was celebrating the New Year with his family. At midnight he fired off a round of gunshot, and was immediately arrested for firing a gun. He was sent to Colored Waif's Home for Boys. It was here that he was encouraged to refine his cornet skills and take</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>56 Words</li><li>1 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-satisfactory-essays"><div><span>Satisfactory Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Thesis-Statement-PCQ8RQLH8V">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay4"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/How-Is-Louis-Daniel-Armstrong-Morally-Responsible-4609B10C251C0859" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">How Is Louis Daniel Armstrong Morally Responsible</h2></a><ul><li>1098 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/How-Is-Louis-Daniel-Armstrong-Morally-Responsible-4609B10C251C0859" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">How Is Louis Daniel Armstrong Morally Responsible</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 - July 6, 1971) grew up in a poor neighborhood nicknamed “The Battlefield” in New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother, Mayann, was 15 years old when he was born and his father, Willie, abandoned them soon after. “Willie’s habit of devoting all his attention to his second family, and none to him, was always a source of great pain to Louis” (Bergreen 16). Mayann turned to prostitution and Armstrong was raised by his Grandmother. He dropped out of school in the fifth grade to help support the family by singing on street corners, selling newspapers, and delivering coal.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1098 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/How-Is-Louis-Daniel-Armstrong-Morally-Responsible-4609B10C251C0859">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay5"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Comparing-Bix-Beiderbecke-And-Louis-Armstrong-FKDZEMTK6Z3W" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Comparing Bix Beiderbecke And Louis Armstrong</h2></a><ul><li>1567 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Comparing-Bix-Beiderbecke-And-Louis-Armstrong-FKDZEMTK6Z3W" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Comparing Bix Beiderbecke And Louis Armstrong</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Aside from the typical cultural, social, and political factors influencing any musician’s style, an early life filled with poverty and hardship also shaped Louis Armstrong’s musical development. Some even theorize that it was Armstrong’s difficult upbringing that made his music so wise, so unique, and so revolutionary. Armstrong was an African American child growing up in the slums of New Orleans, close to abandonment, impoverished, and with too few constant people, resources, or homes. However, had his upbringing been different, his musical talents may never have been established to grow and thrive into one of the most internationally influential jazz musicians ever. When Louis Armstrong was placed in a boys’ home as a young boy, he was presented with the opportunity to play the cornet. He took up work in Joe (King) Oliver’s house, doing chores in exchange for musical lessons, developing into a</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1567 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Comparing-Bix-Beiderbecke-And-Louis-Armstrong-FKDZEMTK6Z3W">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay6"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-D3ECFDDFD7F96BBF" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a><ul><li>1664 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-D3ECFDDFD7F96BBF" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Armstrong was born on August 4th 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. His grandmother had raised him mostly because his father abandoned the family soon after he was born, and his mother had turned to prostitution. Armstrong left school in the fifth grade and began working. The Karnofsky’s gave young Armstrong a job collecting junk and delivering coal. They encouraged him to sing and often times would invite him into their home for meals.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1664 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-D3ECFDDFD7F96BBF">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay7"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Inequality-And-Discrimination-In-The-1950s-FCCCX47YFWV" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Dwight D Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a><ul><li>343 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Inequality-And-Discrimination-In-The-1950s-FCCCX47YFWV" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Dwight D Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">A photographer was also present and a picture was taken of Armstrong while he was shaving, as he was getting ready for a gig. The following day Armstrong's words and picture made front page news around the world. Though he had finally spoken out after years of remaining publicly silent, he received criticism at the time from both black and white public figures. Other people of colour musicians such as Sammy Davis Junior said not to listen to Armstrong as he did not represent the black community. Although Armstrong experienced racism and segregation he was not treated as harshly compared to other people of colour musicians at this time. This greatly upset Louis Armstrong the most as he felt he had done so much for his own race and that he had never been appreciated for it. It wasn’t until Armstrong’s death that he was credited for his work in helping the civil rights movement. Today, this is seen as one of the bravest moments of Armstrong's</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>343 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Inequality-And-Discrimination-In-The-1950s-FCCCX47YFWV">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay8"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-B9C45CB1BD9A02A3" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a><ul><li>591 Words</li><li>3 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-B9C45CB1BD9A02A3" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Research Paper</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">To begin, Louis Armstrong was a gifted African American musician and entertainer. Armstrong introduced jazz music to the world as well as created his own pieces of music, setting a high bar for fledged musicians. Many remember him as the “Father of Jazz” (Ginny Holland, 2004). Some of Armstrong’s most memorable pieces are “What a Wonderful World,” “When the Saints Go Marching In,” “Go Down Moses,” and several others. He worked with big bands in Chicago pubs/theaters during the 1920s, and later on began to play in fancy, high class restaurants. Louis Armstrong was actually the first African</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>591 Words</li><li>3 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Research-Paper-B9C45CB1BD9A02A3">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay9"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Concert-Analysis-FJAJAC6KBR6" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Concert Analysis</h2></a><ul><li>896 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Concert-Analysis-FJAJAC6KBR6" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Concert Analysis</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Watching Louis Armstrong’s live performance in Berlin during the year 1965 was a pleasure, especially because I am a great fan of his music. Throughout the concert in Berlin, Armstrong and his chamber orchestra played 13 different pieces. With the exception of Jewel Woods’ entrance on vocals for two songs, the makeup of the chamber orchestra did not change throughout the concert. As a result, the cello, clarinet, drums, piano, trombone, and trumpet remained vital parts of each song throughout the concert.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>896 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Concert-Analysis-FJAJAC6KBR6">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay10"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Accomplishments-5F30DE0E775702EC" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Accomplishments</h2></a><ul><li>1054 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Accomplishments-5F30DE0E775702EC" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong Accomplishments</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Many events in Louis Armstrong’s early life played a role in making him into one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. He was born August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana to parents William “Willie” and Mary Ann “Mayann” Armstrong on Jane Alley. At the time, New Orleans was musical center of the United States and maybe even the western world. Racism, illiteracy, extreme poverty, gang violence, adultery, and heavy drug use were all very prevalent in the city as well. To make things even worse, Louis lived in the worst neighborhood in town, called The Battlefield, because you had to fight to survive in the terrible conditions. These factors were important in young Louie’s life. Both of his parents could barely read or write. Soon after Armstrong’s birth, his father abandoned the family. This made Louie, resent him till the day he died. His mother was very unreliable as well, frequently being absent for days at a time at the local bars and clubs with many boyfriends, forcing Louie to take care of his younger sister, Beatrice (or sometimes referred to as Lucy). Regardless, Armstrong</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1054 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-Accomplishments-5F30DE0E775702EC">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay11"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/A-Survey-Of-Jazz-Louis-Armstrong-F3ZEN54CF99X" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">A Survey Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong</h2></a><ul><li>1056 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/A-Survey-Of-Jazz-Louis-Armstrong-F3ZEN54CF99X" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">A Survey Of Jazz : Louis Armstrong</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Armstrong grew up in atrocious destitution of New Orleans, Louisiana, when jazz was still fairly young. He learned to play the cornet in the home 's band (Colored Waifs Home), and in his teenage years he learned music by paying close attention to the popular jazz artist of the day, New Orleans corniest, King Oliver (he also acted as his mentor). Moreover, he evolved expeditiously, and went on to play the trumpet. He</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1056 Words</li><li>5 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/A-Survey-Of-Jazz-Louis-Armstrong-F3ZEN54CF99X">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay12"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-And-The-Civil-Rights-Movement-P3S92PKTG5YW" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong And The Civil Rights Movement</h2></a><ul><li>974 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-And-The-Civil-Rights-Movement-P3S92PKTG5YW" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">Louis Armstrong And The Civil Rights Movement</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Armstrong is a man of many talents and skills known for creating a new environment, especially in his home town of New Orleans. He was born into poverty on August 4, 1901 in the streets of Back o’ Town (Meckna). He’s a professional jazz performer who played with Oliver and Henderson. He started as a soloist for Henderson after marrying Lil Hardin. He has many nicknames in which some are Satchmo and Pops. He also played as a second trumpet for King Oliver. He interprets and contributes to the genre of jazz, creates great form through his performance in the “Hot Chocolates,” and his work represents a whole for equality and the civil rights movement.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>974 Words</li><li>4 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-good-essays"><div><span>Good Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/Louis-Armstrong-And-The-Civil-Rights-Movement-P3S92PKTG5YW">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay13"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/A-Man-With-A-Cornet-Sword-And-F3V8TSTKRYKQ" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">A Man With A Cornet Sword And Black And Blue Shield</h2></a><ul><li>1452 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/A-Man-With-A-Cornet-Sword-And-F3V8TSTKRYKQ" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">A Man With A Cornet Sword And Black And Blue Shield</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Satchelmouth Armstrong, an inventor of new style jazz and revolutionary artist noted as one of the greatest men not only in the Jazz music development, but also what Duke Ellington called as “a truly god and original man.” (DeVeaux, pp.140) Louis was known as the most notable colored-skin musician in 1920’s in North America due to his skill of modification in music. His contribution in Jazz later-on in his career was broader used as an effective advocate for racial tolerance and equality in the USA and all over the world.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1452 Words</li><li>6 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/A-Man-With-A-Cornet-Sword-And-F3V8TSTKRYKQ">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay14"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/How-Did-Louis-Armstrong-Influence-Jazz-08D6D3D9FB2C671A" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">How Did Louis Armstrong Influence Jazz</h2></a><ul><li>1712 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/How-Did-Louis-Armstrong-Influence-Jazz-08D6D3D9FB2C671A" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">How Did Louis Armstrong Influence Jazz</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Armstrong’s influence in early Jazz Louis Armstrong is often referred to as the “Father of Jazz” (Yanow, 2016) Louis Armstrong was born on August 4th, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana in an impoverished neighborhood that was nicknamed the “battlefield” because the neighborhood was so poor (Yanow, 2016). When Louis was young, he shot a gun at his father’s new year’s eve party and where he was arrested. He was sent to a group home for boys called the “Colored Waif’s home for boys”, he received music instruction there and that’s where he found his love for music. Louis Armstrong’s fluent style of improvisation, scatting and the depth to his music laid a foundation set a new standard for generations of Jazz artists after his time.</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>1712 Words</li><li>7 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-better-essays"><div><span>Better Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/How-Did-Louis-Armstrong-Influence-Jazz-08D6D3D9FB2C671A">Read More</a></div></div></li><li id="related-essay15"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 card box-shadow card-grade-essay paper no-padding"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 hide-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 position-relative hide-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col padding-left-1-imp"><a href="/essay/John-Wood-Analysis-FJ7TKTXPQV" class="hide-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">John Wood Analysis</h2></a><ul><li>467 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 position-relative"><div class="card-grade-essay-preview-col show-for-large"><a href="/essay/John-Wood-Analysis-FJ7TKTXPQV" class="show-for-large"><h2 class="heading-s weight-700 brand-secondary">John Wood Analysis</h2></a></div><p class="text-m break-word word-break text-ellipsis-after text-ellipsis-after">Louis Armstrong is a native of New Orleans, hailing from a neighborhood known as “The Battlefield” due to its poverty and high crime rate. Crawford and Hamberlin (2017), point out that his father left the family while he was very young, while his mother resorted to prostitution when needed to pay bills. Wood (2017) shares that</p></div><div class="columns large-1-5 position-relative show-for-large card-grade-essay-words-col"><ul><li>467 Words</li><li>2 Pages</li></ul></div><div class="columns large-2 show-for-large position-relative card-grade-essay-grade-col grade-decent-essays"><div><span>Decent Essays</span></div></div><div class="small-12 medium-12 large-1-5 position-relative card-grade-essay-button-col"><a class="button text-m " href="/essay/John-Wood-Analysis-FJ7TKTXPQV">Read More</a></div></div></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="row columns"><section class="section no-padding padding-bottom-1 no-border--bottom gray-ultra-light--bg"><div class="container"><div class="row padding-top-1 margin-1"><div class="small-12 columns"><h3 class="heading-m black weight-500" id="show-related-topics-link">Related Topics</h3></div></div><div class="row" id="related-topics-container"><div class="columns large-10 columns-small-1 columns-medium-1 columns-large-2" id="popular-tags-visible"><ul><li class="tag-block__li--link margin-1"><a href="/topics/louis-armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong" class="brand-secondary brand-primary--hover">Louis Armstrong</a></li><li class="tag-block__li--link margin-1"><a href="/topics/jazz" title="Jazz" class="brand-secondary brand-primary--hover">Jazz</a></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><script src="//assets.bartleby.com/1.17/js/scripts.1.17.123.min.js" type="text/javascript" async=""></script></div><a href="https://www.bartleby.com/content/access" rel="nofollow"></a><div class="button--extra_container show-for-small-only orange--bg"><a data-href="/writing/document/FKTRSRJVJ" class="button--extra">Get Access</a></div><footer class="section section--footer"><div class="row"><div class="align-left small-12 show-for-small-only columns"><div class="copyright-block"><p class="copyright-block__logo"><span class="copyright-block__logo__span serif">Bartleby.com</span></p><div class="vertical-nav-list__item ">Great Books Online</div><small class="copyright-block__copyright text-s">©2024 Bartleby.com</small></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only medium-4 large-2 large-offset-1 columns"><div class="copyright-block"><p class="copyright-block__logo"><span class="copyright-block__logo__span serif">Bartleby.com</span></p><div class="vertical-nav-list__item ">Great Books Online</div><small class="copyright-block__copyright text-s">©2024 Bartleby.com</small></div></div><div class="align-left small-6 medium-4 large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">About Us</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/privacy#caprivacy">CA Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/about-us/contact">Contact</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item cursor-pointer vertical-nav-list__item__anchor ot-sdk-show-settings"><a id="ot-sdk-btn" rel="nofollow">Cookie Settings</a></li></ul></div><div class="vertical-nav-list hide-for-large-up"><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Topics</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/verse/">Poetry</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/hc/">Harvard Classics</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/lives-of-the-saints/">Saints</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Topics</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/verse/">Poetry</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/hc/">Harvard Classics</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/lives-of-the-saints/">Saints</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left small-6 medium-4 large-2 columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Resources</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/authors/">Bartleby bookstore</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/quotations/">Quotations</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-holy-bible/">Bible</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/sv/the-top-150/">Top 150</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/writing/">Essay Help</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/write/tool/essay-checker">Essay Checker</a></li></ul></div><div class="vertical-nav-list hide-for-large"><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Subjects</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Anatomy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/cambridge/">Lit History</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-oxford-shakespeare/">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="align-left hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only large-2 end columns"><div class="vertical-nav-list "><h6 class="vertical-nav-list__heading ">Subjects</h6><ul class="vertical-nav-list__container"><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/anatomy-of-the-human-body/">Anatomy</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/cambridge/">Lit History</a></li><li class="vertical-nav-list__item"><a class="vertical-nav-list__item__anchor " href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/the-oxford-shakespeare/">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></div></div></div></footer><script type="text/javascript"> var documentCtaButtons = document.querySelectorAll(".button--extra_container.show-for-small-only a, a.document__middle, #ShowMoreButton, #ShowMoreButtonExtra, .paper-product-header__button, .icon--account"); for (let i = 0; i < documentCtaButtons.length; i++) { var btn = documentCtaButtons[i]; btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) { window.localStorage.setItem("splat.customerType", "essays"); }); if(btn.hasAttribute('data-href')) { btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) { window.location = btn.getAttribute('data-href'); }); } };</script> </div> </body> </html>