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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Branchiura" redirects here. For the genus of annelids, see <a href="/wiki/Branchiura_(annelid)" title="Branchiura (annelid)">Branchiura (annelid)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Brachyura</a>, the infraorder comprising true crabs.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Argulidae </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Argulus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Argulus.jpg/220px-Argulus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Argulus.jpg/330px-Argulus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Argulus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="312" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Argulus</i> sp. on a <a href="/wiki/Stickleback" title="Stickleback">stickleback</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Argulidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ichthyostraca" title="Ichthyostraca">Ichthyostraca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subclass: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Branchiura</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Tamerlan_Thorell" title="Tamerlan Thorell">Thorell</a>, 1864</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arguloida</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Satyu_Yamaguti" title="Satyu Yamaguti">Yamaguti</a>, 1963</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Argulidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/William_Elford_Leach" title="William Elford Leach">Leach</a>, 1819</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argulus" title="Argulus">Argulus</a></i> <small>Müller O.F., 1785</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chonopeltis" title="Chonopeltis">Chonopeltis</a></i> <small>Thiele, 1900</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dipteropeltis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipteropeltis">Dipteropeltis</a></i> <small>Calman, 1912</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolops_(crustacean)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolops (crustacean) (page does not exist)">Dolops</a></i> <small>Audouin, 1837</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <b>Argulidae</b>, whose members are commonly known as <b>carp lice</b> or <b>fish lice</b>, are <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a> in the class Ichthyostraca. It is the only family in the <a href="/wiki/Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> subclass <b>Branchiura</b> and the order <b>Arguloida</b>, although a second family, Dipteropeltidae, has been proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Argulidae_species" title="List of Argulidae species">List of Argulidae species</a></div> <p>Branchiurans were once thought to be <a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">copepods</a> but are now recognised as a separate subclass in the superclass <a href="/wiki/Oligostraca" title="Oligostraca">Oligostraca</a> due to their distinct morphological characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 170 species in four genera recognised in the family Branchiura.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Center_of_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of diversity">centres of diversity</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Afrotropical_realm" title="Afrotropical realm">Afrotropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neotropical_realm" title="Neotropical realm">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">realms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poly_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poly-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Branchiurans have a flattened, <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> body, which is almost entirely covered by a broad, oval <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a>, four thoracic segments each with a pair of swimming legs, a pair of anterior compound eyes, and an unsegmented abdomen without appendages which ends in paired abdominal lobes separated by the medial anal cleft.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are compressed dorsoventrally and can vary in size from just a few millimetres to over 30 mm (1.2 in) long, with females usually somewhat larger than the males.<sup id="cite_ref-Poly_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poly-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mandibles are generally toothed hooks in Branchiurans. The maxillules provide sucking capability, and in the genera <i>Argulus, Chonopeltis,</i> and <i>Dipteropeltis</i>, the adults have a pair of suction cups that are from modified first maxillae.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genus <i>Dolops,</i> keeps the larval stages claw-like appendages into adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is still unknown whether the ancestral state of these organisms had suction discs or the hooked condition seen in <i>Dolops</i>, although it is thought that the specialized suctions discs are a later product of evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, females tend to be larger than the males.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the genera there are multiple distinction between the sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, males in <i>Argulus</i> and <i>Chonopeltis</i> possess secondary sexual modifications on legs 2–4.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sexes both have their own sexual reproductive organs on their abdomens.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The females have a spermathecae, while the males have a pair of testes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their <a href="/wiki/Compound_eye" title="Compound eye">compound eyes</a> are prominent, and the <a href="/wiki/Arthropod_mouthparts" title="Arthropod mouthparts">mouthparts</a> and the first pair of <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a> are modified to form a hooked, spiny <a href="/wiki/Proboscis" title="Proboscis">proboscis</a> armed with suckers, as an adaptation to parasitic life. They have four pairs of <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thoracic</a> <a href="/wiki/Appendage" title="Appendage">appendages</a>, which are used to swim when not attached to the host.<sup id="cite_ref-Poly_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poly-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not much research has been done on the respiratory system, which lacks gills, but respiratory areas on the carapace and gas exchange through the fleshy abdomen has been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Branchiurans are widely distributed throughout the world. Most species are found in Africa and South America, and none are found in Antarctica.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, the genus <i>Argulus</i> is the only one known to be found in freshwater ecosystems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Behaviour and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasitism">Parasitism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Parasitism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Branchiurans are <a href="/wiki/Obligate_parasite" title="Obligate parasite">obligate</a> ectoparasites that are found primarily on marine and freshwater fish (only the genus Argulus occurs in marine environments),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but can also be found on other aquatic organisms such as invertebrates, salamanders, tadpoles and alligators.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species feed on the blood of their host, while others feed on mucus and extracellular material.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feeding is facilitated by distinct morphological adaptations (<a href="#Anatomy">see Anatomy</a>). Branchiura are able to attach to hosts through two mechanisms, hooked maxillae (as seen in <i>Dolops</i>) or suction disks.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After engorging themselves, the parasites typically wait two to three weeks before feeding again.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitigation of these parasites has been studied through the use of a treatment containing plant parts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this study, it is thought that Tobacco leaf dust (containing nicotine) can safely and effectively eliminate adult Branchiurans from fish, although this may be specific to only <i>Argulus bengalensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only the life cycle of freshwater forms of the genus <i>Argulus</i> is well known.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branchiurans are not permanently attached to their hosts, and leave them for up to three weeks to mate and lay eggs, and reattach behind the fish's <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">operculum</a>, where they feed on <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a> and sloughed-off <a href="/wiki/Scale_(zoology)" title="Scale (zoology)">scales</a>, or pierce the skin and feed on the internal fluids.<sup id="cite_ref-UCMP_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCMP-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eggs hatch into parasitic <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(larva)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauplius (larva)">postnauplius</a> larvae. While on their host, Branchiurans mate.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female holds the eggs in the thorax and in some species the eggs can be found inside the lobes of the carapace.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spermathecae on the female stores the sperm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the genus <i>Dolops,</i> the males deposit a spermatophore onto the females.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the eggs are fertilized the females leave the host organism to lay their eggs in rows on surfaces of plants, rocks, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the adults, the larvae are parasites on fish. They are opportunistic in selecting host species of fish, and females are motile in their pursuit of locality of egg-laying. <i>Chonopeltis</i> larvae appear to be less developed than those of the other genera. Members of one group of <i>Argulus</i> hatch as metanauplius-larvae, followed by a juvenile stage. Another <i>Argulus</i> group, and all known species of <i>Dolops</i>, hatch as juveniles.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fish lice occasionally reach high enough densities to cause <a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">fish kills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> operations, or more rarely in wild populations of fish. They can also become abundant in <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquaria</a>, sometimes resulting in the death of <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental fish">ornamental fish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poly_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poly-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argulidae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFP._MyersR._EspinosaC._S._ParrT._Jones2006" class="citation web cs1">P. 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(2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942962">"Parasitic crustaceans (Branchiura and Copepoda) parasitizing the gills of puffer fish species (Tetraodontidae) from the coast of Campeche, Gulf of Mexico"</a>. <i>ZooKeys</i> (1089): <span class="nowrap">73–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ZooK.1089...73M">2022ZooK.1089...73M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.1089.79999">10.3897/zookeys.1089.79999</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942962">8942962</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35586605">35586605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZooKeys&rft.atitle=Parasitic+crustaceans+%28Branchiura+and+Copepoda%29+parasitizing+the+gills+of+puffer+fish+species+%28Tetraodontidae%29+from+the+coast+of+Campeche%2C+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.issue=1089&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8942962%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35586605&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3897%2Fzookeys.1089.79999&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022ZooK.1089...73M&rft.aulast=May-Tec&rft.aufirst=Ana+Luisa&rft.au=Ba%C3%B1os-Ojeda%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Mendoza-Franco%2C+Edgar+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8942962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgulidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams_JrBunkley-Williams2019" class="citation book cs1">Williams Jr, E. H.; Bunkley-Williams, L. (2019). "Life Cycle and Life History Strategies of Parasitic Crustacea". <i>Parasitic Crustacea</i>. Zoological Monographs. Vol. 3. pp. <span class="nowrap">179–</span>266. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-17385-2_5">10.1007/978-3-030-17385-2_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-17383-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-17383-8"><bdi>978-3-030-17383-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124122">7124122</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+and+Life+History+Strategies+of+Parasitic+Crustacea&rft.btitle=Parasitic+Crustacea&rft.series=Zoological+Monographs&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E266&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7124122%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-17385-2_5&rft.isbn=978-3-030-17383-8&rft.aulast=Williams+Jr&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rft.au=Bunkley-Williams%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgulidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Banerjee, Anirban (15 November 2013). "Saha". <i>Samar Kumar</i>. <span class="nowrap">414–</span>415: <span class="nowrap">202–</span>209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2013.07.044">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Samar+Kumar&rft.atitle=Saha&rft.volume=414-415&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E202-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.date=2013-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2013.07.044&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Anirban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgulidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ap-eBgAAQBAJ&dq=Argulus+Branchiura+life+cycle+hard+eggs+dispersal&pg=PA177">Lifestyles and Feeding Biology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCMP-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UCMP_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Waggoner" class="citation web cs1">Ben Waggoner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/maxillopoda/branchiura.html">"Introduction to the Branchiura"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Museum_of_Paleontology" title="University of California Museum of Paleontology">University of California Museum of Paleontology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504091801/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/maxillopoda/branchiura.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Branchiura&rft.pub=University+of+California+Museum+of+Paleontology&rft.au=Ben+Waggoner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Farthropoda%2Fcrustacea%2Fmaxillopoda%2Fbranchiura.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgulidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPnZAwAAQBAJ&dq=Argulus+Non-Swimming+Larvae+juveniles&pg=PA130">Atlas of Crustacean Larvae</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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<li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">Chelicerata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_spider" title="Sea spider">Pycnogonida (sea spiders)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Euchelicerata" class="mw-redirect" title="Euchelicerata">Euchelicerata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiphosura" title="Xiphosura">Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachnid" title="Arachnid">Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandibulata" title="Mandibulata">Mandibulata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda">Myriapoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centipede" title="Centipede">Chilopoda (centipedes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphyla" title="Symphyla">Symphyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauropoda" title="Pauropoda">Pauropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millipede" title="Millipede">Diplopoda (millipedes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancrustacea" title="Pancrustacea">Pancrustacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustacea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ostracod" title="Ostracod">Ostracoda (seed shrimps)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystacocarida" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystacocarida">Mystacocarida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentastomida" title="Pentastomida">Pentastomida (tongue worms)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchiura" class="mw-redirect" title="Branchiura">Branchiura (fish lice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacostraca" title="Malacostraca">Malacostraca (woodlice, shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecostraca" title="Thecostraca">Thecostraca (barnacles and relatives)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copepod" title="Copepod">Copepoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantulocarida" title="Tantulocarida">Tantulocarida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalocarida" title="Cephalocarida">Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchiopoda" title="Branchiopoda">Branchiopoda (fairy, tadpole, clam shrimps, water fleas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remipedia" title="Remipedia">Remipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda">Hexapoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protura" title="Protura">Protura (coneheads)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springtail" title="Springtail">Collembola (springtails)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplura" title="Diplura">Diplura (two-pronged bristletails)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta (insects)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>italic</i> are paraphyletic groups</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fish_diseases_and_parasites74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fish_disease_topics" title="Template:Fish disease topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fish_disease_topics" title="Template talk:Fish disease topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fish_disease_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fish disease topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fish_diseases_and_parasites74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pathogens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeromonas_salmonicida" title="Aeromonas salmonicida">Aeromonas salmonicida</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betanodavirus" title="Betanodavirus">Nervous necrosis virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnaris" title="Columnaris">Columnaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteric_redmouth_disease" title="Enteric redmouth disease">Enteric redmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_rot" title="Fin rot">Fin rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_dropsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish dropsy">Fish dropsy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flavobacterium" title="Flavobacterium">Flavobacterium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_hematopoietic_necrosis_virus" title="Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus">Hematopoietic necrosis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterosigma_akashiwo" title="Heterosigma akashiwo">Heterosigma akashiwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_and_lateral_line_erosion" title="Head and lateral line erosion">Hole in the head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_hypodermal_and_hematopoietic_necrosis" title="Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis">Hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_pancreatic_necrosis" title="Infectious pancreatic necrosis">Infectious pancreatic necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprinid_herpesvirus_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprinid herpesvirus 3">Koi herpes virus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_marinum" title="Mycobacterium marinum">Mycobacterium marinum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Aquarium_granuloma" title="Aquarium granuloma">Aquarium granuloma</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novirhabdovirus" title="Novirhabdovirus">Novirhabdovirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pfiesteria_piscicida" title="Pfiesteria piscicida">Pfiesteria piscicida</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photobacterium_damselae_subsp._piscicida" title="Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida">Photobacterium damselae ssp piscicida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_salmon_anemia_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious salmon anemia virus">Salmon anemia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_iniae" title="Streptococcus iniae">Streptococcus iniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_viraemia_of_carp" title="Spring viraemia of carp">Spring viraemia of carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taura_syndrome" title="Taura syndrome">Taura syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_dermal_necrosis" title="Ulcerative dermal necrosis">UDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_septicemia" title="Viral hemorrhagic septicemia">VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_spot_syndrome" title="White spot syndrome">White spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_disease" title="Yellowhead disease">Yellowhead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parasites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abergasilus" title="Abergasilus">Abergasilus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebic_gill_disease" title="Amoebic gill disease">Amoebic gill disease</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anisakis" title="Anisakis">Anisakis</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carp lice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratomyxa_shasta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratomyxa shasta">Ceratomyxa shasta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinostomum_marginatum" title="Clinostomum marginatum">Clinostomum marginatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dactylogyrus_vastator" title="Dactylogyrus vastator">Dactylogyrus vastator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diphyllobothrium" title="Diphyllobothrium">Diphyllobothrium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymothoa_exigua" title="Cymothoa exigua">Cymothoa exigua</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustrongylidosis" title="Eustrongylidosis">Eustrongylidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epizootic_ulcerative_syndrome" title="Epizootic ulcerative syndrome">Epizootic ulcerative syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trematoda" title="Trematoda">Flukes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glugea" title="Glugea">Glugea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gyrodactylus_salaris" title="Gyrodactylus salaris">Gyrodactylus salaris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henneguya_zschokkei" title="Henneguya zschokkei">Henneguya zschokkei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyophthirius_multifiliis" title="Ichthyophthirius multifiliis">Ich (freshwater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocaryon" title="Cryptocaryon">Ich (marine)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kudoa_thyrsites" title="Kudoa thyrsites">Kudoa thyrsites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lernaeocera_branchialis" title="Lernaeocera branchialis">Lernaeocera branchialis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogenea" title="Monogenea">Monogenea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myxobolus_cerebralis" title="Myxobolus cerebralis">Myxobolus cerebralis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxosporea" title="Myxosporea">Myxosporea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanophyetus_salmincola" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanophyetus salmincola">Nanophyetus salmincola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudorhabdosynochus" title="Pseudorhabdosynochus">Pseudorhabdosynochus</a></i> spp.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_louse" title="Salmon louse">Salmon lice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saprolegnia" title="Saprolegnia">Saprolegnia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schistocephalus_solidus" title="Schistocephalus solidus">Schistocephalus solidus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_louse" title="Sea louse">Sea louse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerothecum_destruens" title="Sphaerothecum destruens">Sphaerothecum destruens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_bladder_disease" title="Swim bladder disease">Swim bladder disease</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetracapsuloides_bryosalmonae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae">Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_(fish_disease)" title="Velvet (fish disease)">Velvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoma" title="Xenoma">Xenoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_and_parasites_in_cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases and parasites in cod">Diseases and parasites in cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_and_parasites_in_salmon" title="Diseases and parasites in salmon">Diseases and parasites in salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_in_ornamental_fish" title="Disease in ornamental fish">Disease in ornamental fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aquarium_diseases" title="List of aquarium diseases">List of aquarium diseases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesic_shellfish_poisoning" title="Amnesic shellfish poisoning">Amnesic shellfish poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brevetoxin" title="Brevetoxin">Brevetoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">Ciguatera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrheal_shellfish_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrheal shellfish poisoning">Diarrheal shellfish poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">Fish kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_viruses" title="Marine viruses">Marine viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotoxic_shellfish_poisoning" title="Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning">Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralytic_shellfish_poisoning" title="Paralytic shellfish poisoning">Paralytic shellfish poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scombroid_food_poisoning" title="Scombroid food poisoning">Scombroid food poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charybdis_japonica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/21px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/32px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charybdis_japonica.jpg/42px-Charybdis_japonica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Crustaceans" title="Portal:Crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers8510" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers8510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Argulidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18196331" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q18196331">Q18196331</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Argulidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Argulidae">Argulidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Argulidae">Argulidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1627">1627</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/350336">350336</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6PW">6PW</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ARGUF">1ARGUF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:14775">14775</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/408a094e-20c6-48af-adaf-7112f276c3c7">408a094e-20c6-48af-adaf-7112f276c3c7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/8960">8960</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/144120">144120</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110140">110140</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=89406">89406</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021050840">NHMSYS0021050840</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6840">6840</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/5511c9a8-ba85-4896-8535-047b1834b88a">5511c9a8-ba85-4896-8535-047b1834b88a</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1089020">1089020</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104070">104070</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Arguloida</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18196332" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q18196332">Q18196332</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arguloida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arguloida">Arguloida</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=709198">709198</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/350335">350335</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/QZ">QZ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ARGUO">1ARGUO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:13266">13266</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ee2469c8-7dd0-432a-bb41-8373b99afa93">ee2469c8-7dd0-432a-bb41-8373b99afa93</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/659">659</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/144119">144119</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11937">11937</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=89405">89405</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0001593200">NHMSYS0001593200</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6839">6839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/f5c16021-e115-4582-abc5-5731acdfdd83">f5c16021-e115-4582-abc5-5731acdfdd83</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=580727">580727</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=133239">133239</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=767376">767376</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Branchiura</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841641" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q841641">Q841641</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Branchiura" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Branchiura">Branchiura</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/350334">350334</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2630830">2630830</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1BRARC">1BRARC</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:13265">13265</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1904ca65-7a45-4b2e-ab86-9e45a1317c22">1904ca65-7a45-4b2e-ab86-9e45a1317c22</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/372778">372778</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=89403">89403</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6838">6838</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/428fe77e-8074-4318-a10f-41506aa11a0b">428fe77e-8074-4318-a10f-41506aa11a0b</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=580730">580730</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=133237">133237</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1081">1081</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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