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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google Inc.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_DC_NorCal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/US_DC_NorCal.svg/150px-US_DC_NorCal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/US_DC_NorCal.svg/225px-US_DC_NorCal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/US_DC_NorCal.svg/300px-US_DC_NorCal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">September 23, 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docket nos.</th><td class="infobox-data">09-cv-0438503</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Ware_(judge)" title="James Ware (judge)">James Ware</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google Inc.</b></i> was a decision by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a> holding that <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> had to reveal the account information of a <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> user who had been mistakenly sent sensitive information from Rocky Mountain Bank. </p><p>In August 2009, a Rocky Mountain Bank employee was asked by a customer to forward loan reports to the customer's agent. Instead, the employee mistakenly sent the email to a different account and mistakenly included a file of sensitive loan details from 1,325 individual and business customers. He emailed the Gmail user, asking the user to contact the bank and delete the email. Because the user was unresponsive, the employee asked Google to divulge the user's identity. Pursuant to its <a href="/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="Privacy policy">privacy policy</a>, Google refused, noting that the bank needed to obtain a court order to obtain the information. </p><p>After the bank sued Google, judge <a href="/wiki/James_Ware_(judge)" title="James Ware (judge)">James Ware</a> ruled that Google had to lock the Gmail account and divulge the user's account information to the bank. If the user had accessed the sensitive email, Google also had to reveal the user's identity. After Google revealed the account information, both parties filed a joint motion requesting that the judge's ruling be <a href="/wiki/Vacated_judgment" title="Vacated judgment">vacated</a>. They explained that Google's disclosures <a href="/wiki/Mootness" title="Mootness">mooted</a> the order. The Gmail user had marked the email as spam without opening it and the email had been deleted unread on September 19, 2009. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2009, an employee of the <a href="/wiki/Wilson,_Wyoming" title="Wilson, Wyoming">Wilson, Wyoming</a>-based Rocky Mountain Bank was asked by a bank customer to email loan reports to the customer's agent.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on August 12, 2009, the employee accidentally emailed the information to an incorrect <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> account when he misspelled one letter in the email address.<sup id="cite_ref-Gallob_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallob-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His second blunder was including an <a href="/wiki/E-mail_attachment" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail attachment">attachment</a> in the email that had private details for 1,325 individual and business customers. The attachment comprised loan details from 2008, such as "customers' names, addresses, Social Security or tax ID numbers, loan numbers, balances, interest rates and principal amounts".<sup id="cite_ref-Billings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon discovering his mistake, the employee unsuccessfully attempted to rescind his email. He then sent a second email to the Gmail account, ordering the individual to expunge both the email and the attachment and refrain from looking at the attachment's contents. Directing the Gmail user to respond to him to "discuss his or her actions", the employee received no response.<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bank asked Google to divulge the unresponsive account holder's identity. Pursuant to its <a href="/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="Privacy policy">privacy policy</a>, the company denied the request, telling the bank that it needed to get a court order.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To preclude the error from occurring again, the bank added a second tier of security access barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-Billings_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also apprised by telephone and writing all clients whose confidential information was sent in the email. The bank also gave customers the option to have credit monitoring for a year without charge.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruffin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruffin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rocky Mountain Bank sued Google to force the company to delete the email account and reveal the account holder's identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Metz_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metz-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It stressed that speedy action was needed to protect its clients from "irreparable" and "unnecessary" danger.<sup id="cite_ref-Mintz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bank attempted to file the case <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/under_seal" class="extiw" title="wikt:under seal">under seal</a> because it wanted to preclude consternation from its customers and a "surge of inquiry".<sup id="cite_ref-Metz_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metz-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motion to seal was denied by U.S. District Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Whyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald M. Whyte">Ronald M. Whyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whyte wrote that "[a]n attempt by a bank to shield information about an unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer information until it can determine whether or not that information has been further disclosed and/or misused does not constitute a compelling reason that overrides the public's common law right of access to court filings".<sup id="cite_ref-Zetter_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case was later transferred to <a href="/wiki/James_Ware_(judge)" title="James Ware (judge)">James Ware</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judge placed an <i>ad interim</i> <a href="/wiki/Restraining_order" title="Restraining order">restraining order</a> mandating Google to shut down the Gmail address. Ware forbade Google and the Gmail user from reviewing or dispensing the sensitive information. He also granted the bank's request to have Google reveal if the Gmail user had looked at the sensitive email or "otherwise manipulated" it and if the account was inactive or recently used. If the account had been recently used, Ware required Google to reveal to the bank the account holder's identity.<sup id="cite_ref-ITWorld2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITWorld2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Google's disclosures to the bank in adherence to Ware's order, Rocky Mountain Bank and Google requested in a joint motion that the restraining order be <a href="/wiki/Vacated_judgment" title="Vacated judgment">vacated</a>. Telling the judge that the order had been <a href="/wiki/Mootness" title="Mootness">mooted</a> by Google's revelations, the motion requested that Google be allowed to restore the Gmail account. The motion did not enumerate Google's disclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-ITWorld2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITWorld2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a report filed in late September with the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Google wrote that the confidential email was sent on August 12. Without entering the email, the Gmail user sent it to the account's <a href="/wiki/E-mail_spam" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail spam">spam folder</a>. Google noted that the user could no longer access the email since it had been automatically deleted on September 19. Although Google had apprised the user of Rocky Mountain Bank's lawsuit on September 21, the company noted though that "with suspension of the Gmail account, the user now will be precluded from retrieving that notice, other communications about this matter or any other e-mail of importance to the user".<sup id="cite_ref-Gallob_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallob-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opinions on the Internet from privacy advocates were divided. A number of commentators chastised the bank for trying to block the guiltless Gmail user from entering his or her account. Some said that with limited options, the bank had responsibly tried to contact the user to erase the confidential email; when no answer was forthcoming, the bank rightfully attempted to have the account locked.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruffin_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruffin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zetter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zetter_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZetter,_Kim2009" class="citation news cs1">Zetter, Kim (September 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507072101/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/09/bank-sues-google/">"Bank Sends Sensitive E-mail to Wrong Gmail Address, Sues Google"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/09/bank-sues-google/">the original</a> on May 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Bank+Sends+Sensitive+E-mail+to+Wrong+Gmail+Address%2C+Sues+Google&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft.au=Zetter%2C+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fthreatlevel%2F2009%2F09%2Fbank-sues-google%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallob-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gallob_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gallob_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallob,_Joel2009" class="citation news cs1">Gallob, Joel (September 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240525075525/https://www.webcitation.org/5yHOGMTbi?url=http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb%3Fp_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12B08D4278BFE4A0&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012B08D4278BFE4A0%20)&p_multi=LDBB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=X61X49KEMTMwMzk4">"E-mail with bank information was deleted, Google says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Laramie_Boomerang" title="Laramie Boomerang">Laramie Boomerang</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12B08D4278BFE4A0&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2012B08D4278BFE4A0%20%29&p_multi=LDBB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=X61X49KEMTMwMzk4NDcyNi44OTUzODk6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA">the original</a> on May 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laramie+Boomerang&rft.atitle=E-mail+with+bank+information+was+deleted%2C+Google+says&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.au=Gallob%2C+Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiw.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_docid%3D12B08D4278BFE4A0%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%2528%252012B08D4278BFE4A0%2520%2529%26p_multi%3DLDBB%26s_lang%3Den-US%26p_nbid%3DX61X49KEMTMwMzk4NDcyNi44OTUzODk6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billings-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billings_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billings_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240525075606/https://www.webcitation.org/5yHP45Lvy?url=http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb%3Fp_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12D816E32F0A86B8&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012D816E32F0A86B8%20)&p_multi=CLAB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=V64M4CSHMTMwMzk4">"E-mail with personal info never opened"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billings_Gazette" title="Billings Gazette">Billings Gazette</a></i>. September 28, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12D816E32F0A86B8&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2012D816E32F0A86B8%20%29&p_multi=CLAB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=V64M4CSHMTMwMzk4NTgyNi42ODgyOTY6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA">the original</a> on May 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billings+Gazette&rft.atitle=E-mail+with+personal+info+never+opened&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiw.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_docid%3D12D816E32F0A86B8%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%2528%252012D816E32F0A86B8%2520%2529%26p_multi%3DCLAB%26s_lang%3Den-US%26p_nbid%3DV64M4CSHMTMwMzk4NTgyNi42ODgyOTY6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Wendy2009" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Wendy (September 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812000459/http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=114264">"Judge Orders Google To Deactivate User's Gmail Account"</a>. MediaPost. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=114264">the original</a> on August 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+Orders+Google+To+Deactivate+User%27s+Gmail+Account&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.au=Davis%2C+Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapost.com%2Fpublications%2F%3Ffa%3DArticles.showArticle%26art_aid%3D114264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruffin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruffin_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruffin_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProvost,_Ruffin2009" class="citation news cs1">Provost, Ruffin (September 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240525075646/https://www.webcitation.org/5yHPjCMCD?url=http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb%3Fp_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12D816E35FD3CFD8&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012D816E35FD3CFD8%20)&p_multi=CLAB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=D6FO57TSMTMwMzk4">"Bank gets attention with Google lawsuit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billings_Gazette" title="Billings Gazette">Billings Gazette</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12D816E35FD3CFD8&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2012D816E35FD3CFD8%20%29&p_multi=CLAB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=D6FO57TSMTMwMzk4NjU3NS43NTgxMjY6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA">the original</a> on May 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billings+Gazette&rft.atitle=Bank+gets+attention+with+Google+lawsuit&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.au=Provost%2C+Ruffin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiw.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_docid%3D12D816E35FD3CFD8%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%2528%252012D816E35FD3CFD8%2520%2529%26p_multi%3DCLAB%26s_lang%3Den-US%26p_nbid%3DD6FO57TSMTMwMzk4NjU3NS43NTgxMjY6MTo3OnJhLTg5OTA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metz-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metz_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metz_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz,_Cade2009" class="citation news cs1">Metz, Cade (September 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/09/23/google_sued_for_gmail_user_identity/">"Bank sues Google for identity of Gmail user"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008062228/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/09/23/google_sued_for_gmail_user_identity/">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Bank+sues+Google+for+identity+of+Gmail+user&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.au=Metz%2C+Cade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2009%2F09%2F23%2Fgoogle_sued_for_gmail_user_identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mintz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mintz_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMintz,_Howard2009" class="citation news cs1">Mintz, Howard (September 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240525075445/https://www.webcitation.org/5yHMbLgST?url=http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb%3Fp_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12AF11228CD1D088&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012AF11228CD1D088%20)&p_multi=SJMB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=H74G5CQXMTMwMzk4">"Bank Sues Google to Get Missent Email Back"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=12AF11228CD1D088&p_text_direct-0=document_id=%28%2012AF11228CD1D088%20%29&p_multi=SJMB&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=H74G5CQXMTMwMzk4MzcwMS45MTQxMToxOjc6cmEtODk5MA">the original</a> on May 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Bank+Sues+Google+to+Get+Missent+Email+Back&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.au=Mintz%2C+Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiw.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_docid%3D12AF11228CD1D088%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%2528%252012AF11228CD1D088%2520%2529%26p_multi%3DSJMB%26s_lang%3Den-US%26p_nbid%3DH74G5CQXMTMwMzk4MzcwMS45MTQxMToxOjc6cmEtODk5MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITWorld2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ITWorld2009_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITWorld2009_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322011706/http://www.itworld.com/security/79128/google-bank-end-dispute-over-gmail-account">"Google, bank end dispute over Gmail account"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. September 28, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itworld.com/security/79128/google-bank-end-dispute-over-gmail-account">the original</a> on March 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Google%2C+bank+end+dispute+over+Gmail+account&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itworld.com%2Fsecurity%2F79128%2Fgoogle-bank-end-dispute-over-gmail-account&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARocky+Mountain+Bank+v.+Google%2C+Inc." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/5:2009cv04385/219452/">Rocky Mountain Bank v. 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colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism of Google</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feldman_v._Google,_Inc." title="Feldman v. 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Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umar_Javeed,_Sukarma_Thapar,_Aaqib_Javeed_vs._Google_LLC_and_Ors." title="Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.">Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">United States v. Google LLC</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">United States v. Google LLC</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. 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Google Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. 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