CINXE.COM

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class="translations-bar items-baseline inline-flex flex-wrap "> <span class="font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm font-bold pr-2 text-gray-800 "> Доступно на </span> <ul class="translations-bar__languages-list inline-flex flex-wrap "> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/05/russia-china-unfit-uns-top-rights-body" title="English" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-blue-700 hover-focus:text-blue-800" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> English </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2023/10/05/russia-china-unfit-uns-top-rights-body" title="Chinese, Simplified" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-blue-700 hover-focus:text-blue-800" xml:lang="zh-hans" lang="zh-hans"> 简体中文 </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/zh-hant/news/2023/10/05/russia-china-unfit-uns-top-rights-body" title="Chinese, Traditional" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-blue-700 hover-focus:text-blue-800" xml:lang="zh-hant" lang="zh-hant"> 繁體中文 </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/pt/news/2023/10/05/russia-china-unfit-uns-top-rights-body" title="Portugese" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-blue-700 hover-focus:text-blue-800" xml:lang="pt" lang="pt"> Português </a> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <span class=" font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 active underline text-gray-800" xml:lang="ru" lang="ru"> Русский </span> </li> <li class="translations-bar__language"> <a href="/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/es/news/2023/10/05/rusia-y-china-no-deben-integrar-el-consejo-de-derechos-humanos" title="Spanish" class="language-link font-sans text-xs lg:text-sm px-1 x2l:px-2 hover-focus:underline text-blue-700 hover-focus:text-blue-800" xml:lang="es" lang="es"> Español </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="news-header__main text-gray-800"> <h1 class="news-header__title text-2xl font-medium leading-tight break-words md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl xl:text-6xl ">Россия и Китай не заслуживают места в главном правозащитном органе ООН</h1> <p class="news-header__subtitle text-base md:text-2xl ">Куба и Бурунди также не отвечают критериям членства в Совете по правам человека</p> </div> <div class="byline__container mt-3 flex flex-wrap text-gray-800 flex-col"> </div> <div class="hrw-share hrw-share--gray flex lg:hidden"><p class="minimal-share"><a 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class="figure__link"> <img srcset="/web/20240406145645im_/https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/480w/public/media_2020/06/202006un_hrc_geneva.jpg?itok=Bx6DyfRJ 480w, /web/20240406145645im_/https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/embed_xxl/public/media_2020/06/202006un_hrc_geneva.jpg?itok=DQwXzVUg 946w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 480px, 946px" width="946" height="631" data-responsive-image-style="embedded_images" src="/web/20240406145645im_/https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/styles/embed_xxl/public/media_2020/06/202006un_hrc_geneva.jpg?itok=DQwXzVUg" alt="Делегаты на открытии сорок первой сессии Совета по правам человека в европейской штаб-квартире Организации Объединенных Наций. Женева, Швейцария, 24 июня 2019 г.." loading="lazy"><div class="figure__expand absolute block bottom-0 right-0 w-8 h-8 bg-white text-gray-700"> <span class="sr-only">Click to expand Image</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewbox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/web/20240406145645im_/https://www.hrw.org/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=#sprite-expand" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg></div> </div> </a> </div> <figcaption class="figure__info text-left font-serif text-xs md:text-sm lg:text-base mx-auto text-gray-700 mt-1"><span class="figure__caption">Делегаты на открытии сорок первой сессии Совета по правам человека в европейской штаб-квартире Организации Объединенных Наций. Женева, Швейцария, 24 июня 2019 г. </span> <span class="figure__credit">© 2019 Magali Girardin/Keystone via AP</span> </figcaption></figure></div> </div> <p>(Нью-Йорк, 5 октября 2023 г.) – Государства – члены ООН должны отказать <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/ru/europe/central-asia/russia">России</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/asia/china-and-tibet">Китаю</a> в праве занимать место в <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/topic/united-nations/human-rights-council">Совете ООН по правам человека</a> во время голосования по их кандидатурам на заседании Генеральной Ассамблеи 10 октября 2023 г., заявила Human Rights Watch. Власти обеих стран несут ответственность за многочисленные преступления против человечности и другие грубые нарушения прав человека, в силу чего не приходится говорить об их соответствии критериям, предъявляемым к членам главного правозащитного органа ООН.</p> <p>На трехлетний срок в Совете также баллотируются <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/americas/cuba">Куба</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/africa/burundi">Бурунди</a>, хотя и эти страны не отвечают требуемым стандартам. Власти обеих стран систематически совершали нарушения прав человека, включая притеснения, произвольные задержания и пытки диссидентов. Делегации, участвующие в работе Генеральной ассамблеи (ГА ООН), которая насчитывает 193 государства, должны учитывать вопиющую практику в области прав человека во всех этих четырех странах-кандидатах при проведении тайного голосования по выборам на 15 мест в СПЧ ООН на 2024 – 2026 годы.</p> <p>«Каждый день Россия и Китай, совершая нарушения в массовых масштабах, напоминают нам о том, что они не должны быть членами Совета ООН по правам человека, — говорит <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/about/people/louis-charbonneau">Луи Шарбонно</a>, директор Human Rights Watch по работе с ООН. – Ни у одной страны - члена СПЧ нет безупречной истории соблюдения прав человека, но каждое государство – член ООН должно признать, что существуют определенные стандарты, предъявляемые членам Совета, и Россия и Китай самым возмутительным образом демонстрируют свое неуважение этих стандартов».</p> <p>Резолюция ГА ООН <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/502/68/PDF/N0550268.pdf?OpenElement">60/251</a>, на основании которой в 2006 г. был создан Совет по правам человека, настоятельно призывает участников голосования при выборе новых членов «принимать во внимание вклад кандидатов в дело содействия и защиты прав человека», а самих членов Совета обязывает «поддерживать самые высокие стандарты поощрения и защиты прав человека» у себя в стране и за рубежом и «в полной мере сотрудничать с Советом».</p> <p>Россия стремится вернуть себе членство в Совете, которое <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115782">было приостановлено Генассамблеей</a> в апреле 2022 г. в связи с систематическими <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2022/04/20/ukraine-apparent-war-crimes-russia-controlled-areas">жестокостями в отношении украинского гражданского</a> населения после <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/tag/russia-ukraine-war">полномасштабного российского вторжения в Украину</a> в феврале того же года. Тогда в ответ на решение ГА ООН Москва объявила о полном выходе из СПЧ ООН.</p> <p>Human Rights Watch считает, что Россия по-прежнему не отвечает критериям членства в Совете. Российские силы в Украине продолжают совершать предполагаемые военные преступления, включая незаконные нападения и недозволенное обращение с пленными, и преступления против человечности, включая пытки, внесудебные казни и насильственные исчезновения гражданских лиц.</p> <p>В связи с <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2023/05/26/fresh-details-russias-forcible-transfer-ukrainian-children">незаконными депортациями Россией украинских детей</a> Международный уголовный суд выдал <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and#:~:text=Today%2C%2017%20March%202023%2C%20Pre,Ms%20Maria%20Alekseyevna%20Lvova%2DBelova.">ордера на арест</a> президента Владимира Путина и уполномоченного при президенте РФ по правам ребенка. Кремль также <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2023/07/25/russia-bill-bans-work-most-foreign-groups">усилил репрессии</a> против гражданского общества, привлекая к административной и уголовной ответственности тысячи граждан, публично выступающих против войны, ликвидируя правозащитные организации и несправедливо подвергая уголовному преследованию известных оппозиционеров.</p> <p>Ситуация с правами человека в Китае также не позволяет считать эту страну кандидатом в состав СПЧ ООН. В 2022 г. Управление Верховного комиссара ООН по правам человека выпустило <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf">доклад</a> о нарушениях правительством <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/31/china-unrelenting-crimes-against-humanity-targeting-uyghurs">прав мусульман тюркского происхождения в Синьцзяне</a>, включая культурные и религиозные преследования, разлучение семей, массовые произвольные аресты и задержания, изнасилования, пытки и насильственные исчезновения. По <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/09/01/china-new-un-report-alleges-crimes-against-humanity">заключению</a> УВКПЧ, эти нарушения «могут составлять международные преступления, в частности преступления против человечности».</p> <p>В 2023 г. в региональных группах от Азии, Африки и западных стран число кандидатов совпадает с числом вакансий, поэтому все кандидаты, скорее всего, будут избраны. В региональной группе от Восточной Европы на два места в Совете претендуют <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/albania">Албания</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/bulgaria">Болгария</a> и Россия. В группе от Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна на три места баллотируются Куба, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/americas/brazil">Бразилия</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/americas/dominican-republic">Доминиканская Республика</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/americas/peru">Перу</a>. От Азии на четыре места выдвинули свои кандидатуры Китай, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/asia/japan">Япония</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/kuwait">Кувейт</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/asia/indonesia">Индонезия</a>. От Африки безальтернативными кандидатами являются Бурунди, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/africa/malawi">Малави</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/africa/ghana">Гана</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/africa/cote-divoire">Кот-д’Ивуар</a>. На два места от западных государств претендуют <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/france">Франция</a> и <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/europa-und-zentralasien/netherlands">Нидерланды</a>.</p> <p>Для избрания необходимо набрать простое большинство голосов. Несмотря на безальтернативность в региональной азиатской группе, государства – члены ООН при голосовании не должны отдавать голоса Китаю. Лучше оставить одно место вакантным и найти подходящую кандидатуру позднее, чем предоставить такому нарушителю прав человека как китайское правительство возможность использовать членство в СПЧ для продолжения <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/09/05/costs-international-advocacy/chinas-interference-united-nations-human-rights">политики подрыва правозащитных механизмов ООН</a>, считает Human Rights Watch.</p> <p>«Все региональные группы должны обеспечивать состязательность выборов в Совет по правам человека, чтобы можно было отсекать правительства с неудовлетворительной практикой в области прав человека, — говорит Луи Шарбонно. — Безальтернативные выборы в ООН – это издевательство над самим понятием ‘выборы’».</p> <p>Что касается Кубы, то в 2022 г. Межамериканская комиссия по правам человека <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/docs/anual/2022/capitulos/7-IA2022_Cap_4B_CU_ES.pdf">отмечала</a> причастность агентов государства к «систематическим репрессиям» в отношении мирных протестующих и диссидентов, а также «массовые, серьезные и систематические нарушения прав человека» со стороны правительства. Также о практиках <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/detention-wg/opinions/session94/HRC-WGAD-52-2022-Cuba-Advance-Edited-Version.pdf">произвольного задержания</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2FC%2FCUB%2FCO%2F3&Lang=en">недозволенного обращения и пыток</a> на Кубе сообщали профильные эксперты ООН. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://justicia11j.org/">Правозащитными организациями</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://prisonersdefenders.org/">задокументированы</a> сотни случаев преследований политзаключенных (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/11/cuba-crackdown-protests-creates-rights-crisis">участников протестов, критиков власти, журналистов</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/26/cuba-release-imprisoned-artists">независимых деятелей культуры</a> и оппозиционеров), лишенных свободы за реализацию ими своих базовых прав человека.</p> <p>На одно место от Африки баллотируется только Бурунди. В этой стране устойчиво сохраняется практика серьезных нарушений прав человека и безнаказанности за такие нарушения. Отказавшись сотрудничать со страновым спецдокладчиком, власти продемонстрировали свое неуважение по отношению к международной системе прав человека. В июле 2023 г. делегация Бурунди <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/07/05/burundi-government-walks-out-un-review">покинула зал</a> при рассмотрении этой страны на СПЧ ООН, выразив, как представляется, таким образом протест против участия в заседании должным образом аккредитованного местного правозащитника.</p> <p>Правительство Перу до сих пор не обеспечило независимость судов и разделение властей на фоне применения силами безопасности <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406145645/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/26/peru-egregious-abuses-security-forces">избыточной силы</a> против демонстрантов в конце 2022 – начале 2023 гг., в результате чего погибло 49 человек. В Бразилии проблема полицейского произвола получила широкий резонанс в 2022 г., когда было убито более 6 400 человек, 83% которых чернокожие. Правительство этой страны должно принять решительные меры для прекращения полицейского насилия и преодоления безнаказанности нарушений.</p> <p>Доминиканская Республика в 2023 г. отправила тысячи выходцев с Гаити на охваченную насилием родину, где их жизням угрожает опасность. В Индонезии власти должны отменить дискриминационные локальные акты шариатского толка в отношении представителей гендерных, религиозных и сексуальных меньшинств. В Малави беженцы и лица, ищущие убежища, по всей стране подвергались задержанию и принудительной релокации.</p> <p>«Государства – члены ООН должны просигнализировать миру о том, что самым злостным нарушителям прав человека не место в главном правозащитном органе организации, — говорит Луи Шарбонно. — Те нарушители, которые все же окажутся в Совете по правам человека благодаря безальтернативным выборам или каким-либо иным способом, не должны помешать Совету указывать им на их собственные недостатки».</p> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="mb-8 md:mb-14"> <div class="donation-block"> <div class="donation-block__content bg-cover bg-top bg-black text-white border-t-4 border-orange-500 md:bg-center"> <div class="donation-block__content-inner p-6 background-vert md:background-horz"> <div class="donation-block__form-wrapper pt-40 sm:pt-48 md:pt-0 md:w-1/2"> <h2 class="donation-block__form-heading mb-6 text-xl sm:text-2xl leading-tight">Your tax deductible gift can help stop human rights 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