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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Indigenous peoples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican_War_of_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican_War_of_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mexican War of Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican_War_of_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Mexican Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The city</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_city-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The city subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_sites_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_sites_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Historic sites and attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_sites_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_Plaza_de_Armas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_Plaza_de_Armas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Buildings and Plaza de Armas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_Plaza_de_Armas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_technical_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_technical_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Universities and technical education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_technical_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Festivals and celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The municipality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_municipality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The municipality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Municipal presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zacatecas (city)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="زاكاتيكاس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زاكاتيكاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(chh%C4%AB)" title="Zacatecas (chhī) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zacatecas (chhī)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Сакатекас (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сакатекас (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(Zacatecas)" title="Zacatecas (Zacatecas) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zacatecas (Zacatecas)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Zacatecas (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zacatecas (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Zacatecas (město) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zacatecas (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(by)" title="Zacatecas (by) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zacatecas (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(Stadt)" title="Zacatecas (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zacatecas (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7)" title="Σακατέκας (πόλη) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σακατέκας (πόλη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(Zacatecas)" title="Zacatecas (Zacatecas) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zacatecas (Zacatecas)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(komunumo)" title="Zacatecas (komunumo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zacatecas (komunumo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_Hiria" title="Zacatecas Hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zacatecas Hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="زاکاتکاس ٬زاکاتکاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زاکاتکاس ٬زاکاتکاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%B9%B4%ED%85%8C%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="사카테카스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사카테카스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Սակատեկաս (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սակատեկաս (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(grad)" title="Zacatecas (grad) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zacatecas (grad)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_Zacatecas" title="Siudad ti Zacatecas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Сакатекас (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сакатекас (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Zacatecas (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zacatecas (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="סקטקס (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקטקס (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="საკატეკასი (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საკატეკასი (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_de_Zacatecas" title="Sivdad de Zacatecas – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad de Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakatekas_(miestas)" title="Sakatekas (miestas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sakatekas (miestas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Zacatecas (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zacatecas (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(belt)" title="Zacatecas (belt) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Zacatecas (belt)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90)" title="საკატეკასი (ნოღა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საკატეკასი (ნოღა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="زاكاتيكاس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زاكاتيكاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(stad)" title="Zacatecas (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zacatecas (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="サカテカス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サカテカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(by)" title="Zacatecas (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zacatecas (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(miasto)" title="Zacatecas (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zacatecas (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(cidade)" title="Zacatecas (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zacatecas (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Сакатекас (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сакатекас (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_City" title="Zacatecas City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zacatecas City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="زاڪاٽيڪاس شھر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زاڪاٽيڪاس شھر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Закатекас (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Закатекас (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(kaupunki)" title="Zacatecas (kaupunki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zacatecas (kaupunki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Сакатекас – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сакатекас" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Zacatecas (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zacatecas (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81)" title="Сакатекас (Сакатекас) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сакатекас (Сакатекас)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="زاکاٹیکاس (شہر) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زاکاٹیکاس (شہر)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91)" title="Zacatecas (thành phố) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zacatecas (thành phố)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas_(zif)" title="Zacatecas (zif) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zacatecas (zif)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zacatecas, Zacatecas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF" title="萨卡特卡斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨卡特卡斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q139242#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zacatecas_(city)&params=22_46_25_N_102_34_25_W_region:MX-zac_type:city(138444)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°46′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">102°34′25″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.77361°N 102.57361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.77361; -102.57361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Zacatecas, Mexico</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and municipality in Zacatecas, Mexico</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Zacatecas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City and municipality</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSMLMZZAC002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CSMLMZZAC002.JPG/268px-CSMLMZZAC002.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CSMLMZZAC002.JPG/402px-CSMLMZZAC002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CSMLMZZAC002.JPG/536px-CSMLMZZAC002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Zacatecas" title="Cathedral Basilica of Zacatecas">Cathedral of Zacatecas</a> and main street</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Zacatecas_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Miguel Auza Square</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg/144px-Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg/216px-Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg/288px-Q.Real_Zacatecas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Quinta Real and aqueduct</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas059.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zacatecas059.jpg/132px-Zacatecas059.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zacatecas059.jpg/198px-Zacatecas059.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Zacatecas059.jpg/264px-Zacatecas059.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5655" data-file-height="3761" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goitia" title="Francisco Goitia">Francisco Goitia</a> Museum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg/132px-Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg/198px-Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg/264px-Museo_Rafael_Coronel_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">St. Francis Monastery (now <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Coronel" title="Rafael Coronel">Rafael Coronel</a> Museum)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/139px-Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/209px-Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg/278px-Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_Zacatecas_M%C3%A9xico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Ed%C3%A9n_Mine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Edén Mine (page does not exist)">El Edén Mine</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg/125px-Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg/188px-Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg/250px-Iglesia_de_Fatima1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Fatima_(Zacatecas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Our Lady of Fatima (Zacatecas) (page does not exist)">Church of Our Lady of Fatima</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Zacatecas"><img alt="Official seal of Zacatecas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg/100px-Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg/150px-Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg/200px-Escudo_de_armas_de_la_Ciudad_y_Estado_de_Zacatecas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="770" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Civilizadora del Norte</i><br /><i>Ciudad de Cantera</i><br /><i>Corazón de Plata</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 255px; height: 255px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="255" data-height="255" data-zoom="12" data-lat="22.771667" data-lon="-102.575278" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/22.771667/-102.575278/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,22.771667,-102.575278,255x255.png?lang=en" width="255" height="255" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,22.771667,-102.575278,255x255@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zacatecas is located in Zacatecas"><img alt="Zacatecas is located in Zacatecas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg/300px-Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg/450px-Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg/600px-Mexico_Zacatecas_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="4940" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.67%;left:49.229%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zacatecas"><img alt="Zacatecas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Zacatecas</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Zacatecas</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_States_blank_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zacatecas is located in Mexico"><img alt="Zacatecas is located in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/300px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/450px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/600px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1326" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.112%;left:49.461%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zacatecas"><img alt="Zacatecas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Zacatecas</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mexico</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zacatecas_(city)&params=22_46_25_N_102_34_25_W_region:MX-zac_type:city(138444)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°46′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">102°34′25″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.77361°N 102.57361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.77361; -102.57361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Mexico">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1548</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal Status</th><td class="infobox-data">1825</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal President</th><td class="infobox-data">Miguel Ángel Varela Pinedo (2024-2027) (<a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">PAN</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PAN_logo_(Mexico).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="PAN"><img alt="PAN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/15px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/30px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">356.14 km<sup>2</sup> (137.51 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (of seat)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,440 m (8,010 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">138,444</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">390/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Standard Time">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code (of seat)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">98000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">492</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalzacatecas.gob.mx/">/Official site</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic Centre of Zacatecas</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">II, IV</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1993 <small>(17th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/676">676</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zacatecas</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[sakaˈtekas]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b9\/ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg\/ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ES-pe - Zacatecas.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg/ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg" title="File:ES-pe - Zacatecas.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the principal city within the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Mexico" title="Municipalities of Mexico">municipality in Mexico</a> of the same name, and the capital of the state of <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>. Located in north-central Mexico,<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city had its start as a Spanish mining camp in the mid-16th century. Native Americans had already known about the area's rich deposits of silver and other minerals. Due to the wealth that the mines provided, Zacatecas quickly became one of the most important mining cities in <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>. The area saw battles during the turbulent 19th century, but the next major event was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zacatecas_(1914)" title="Battle of Zacatecas (1914)">Battle of Zacatecas</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> when <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Villa" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Villa">Francisco Villa</a> captured the town, an event still celebrated every anniversary. Today, the colonial part of the city is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, due to the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> and other structures built during its mining days. Mining still remains an important industry.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Zacatecas is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Zacateco" title="Zacateco">Zacateco</a> people and has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a>. The name means "people of the grasslands".<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_peoples">Indigenous peoples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indigenous peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bufa_Hill" title="Bufa Hill">Bufa Hill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Cerro de la Bufa</i>), viewpoint of the <a href="/wiki/Zacateco" title="Zacateco">Zacatecos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first people to populate the area arrived approximately 10,000 years ago, when the climate was wetter and warmer, with different vegetation and wildlife. Eventually, the area came to be dominated by <a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a> tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Caxcan" title="Caxcan">Caxcans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guachichil" title="Guachichil">Guachichils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamare" title="Guamare">Guamares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huichol_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huichol people">Huichols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zacateco" title="Zacateco">Zacatecos</a> and others, with the Zacatecos being the most numerous in the area of the city today.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These peoples were mining silver and other metals in the hills long before the Europeans arrived,<sup id="cite_ref-silvercity_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the area important in pre-Columbian times.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spanish came to the Zacatecas area via <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara, Mexico">Guadalajara</a>. In 1540, <a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a> traveled from Mexico City conquering what are now the states of <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>. One of Guzmán's lieutenants, <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Cristóbal de Oñate">Cristóbal de Oñate</a>, conquered the area around what is now Guadalajara. Another, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Almindes_Chirinos_Peralmindes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Almindes Chirinos Peralmindes (page does not exist)">Pedro Almindes Chirinos Peralmindes</a>, went to explore the lands to the north, taking Zacatecas with little trouble but not knowing of the riches underneath the soil. And the area initially was simply frontier. Other expeditions followed, including one by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Tolosa" title="Juan de Tolosa">Juan de Tolosa</a> in 1546, who brought back rock samples from <a href="/wiki/Cerro_de_la_Bufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerro de la Bufa">Cerro de la Bufa</a>, which were determined to contain high concentrations of silver and lead.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mining camp was soon established at the foot of Cerro de la Bufa.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zacatecos initially fought the permanent presence of the Spanish, but the mining potential of the area strengthened the Europeans’ resolve and the natives were defeated in the 1540s.<sup id="cite_ref-vjimenez_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveys of the other surrounding hills were undertaken by Tolosa, Diego de Ibarra, Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos, Andrés de Villanueva and others.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Interior_Mina_El_Ed%C3%A9n_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>El Edén Mine</figcaption></figure> <p>A military mining camp was formally established in 1548 and called Minas de Nuestra Señora de Remedios.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first major vein of silver was found in 1548 in a mine called San Bernabé. This was followed by similar finds in mines called Albarrada de San Benito, Vetagrande, Pánuco and others. This brought a large number of people to Zacatecas, including craftsmen, merchants, clerics and adventurers.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1550, royalty found its way to Zacatecas in the person of <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Cortes_Moctezuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonor Cortes Moctezuma">Leonor Cortés Moctezuma</a>, the illegitimate daughter of conquistador <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Moctezuma" title="Isabel Moctezuma">Isabel Moctezuma</a>, daughter of the Aztec emperor. Doña Leonor married Juan de Tolosa. The settlement grew over the space of a few years into one of the most important cities in New Spain and the most populous after Mexico City. The camp became a parish in 1550,<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1585, then it was declared a city with the name of "Muy Noble y Leal Ciudad de Nuestra Señora de Zacatecas" (Very Noble and Loyal City of Our Lady of Zacatecas), receiving its coat of arms from <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the mines led to the arrival of indigenous people and the importation of black slaves to work in them. The mining camp spread southwards along the course of the Arroyo de la Plata, which now lies underneath Hidalgo Avenue, the old town's main road. Tall buildings were constructed along here due to the lack of flat area on which to build. The first house was supposedly built in 1547, just before the fortress and metal foundry. Hospitals and hospices were built in the 1550s.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG/220px-Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG/330px-Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG/440px-Casa_de_moneda_de_Zacatecas._Vista_desde_antiguo_templo_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn_I..JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Former city <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mint</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Zacatecas was one of the richest states in Mexico. One of the most important mines from the colonial period is the El Edén mine. It began operations in 1586 in the Cerro de la Bufa. It principally produced gold and silver with most of its production occurring in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, the opening of this mine is within the city limits and was closed to mining in 1960. It was reopened as a tourist attraction in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 16th century, the city was the second most important, after Mexico City, and the income its mines produced for the Spanish Crown made it one of the most powerful in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its importance was not only due to mining. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">mendicant</a> religious orders in New Spain eventually established monasteries, making Zacatecas an important center for evangelization. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Franciscans</a> arrived in 1558, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Augustine">Augustinians</a> in 1576 and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> in 1604.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the missionary expeditions to what are now California and Texas came from this city.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the rest of the colonial period, the riches from the ground financed the building of important religious and secular constructions. The peak of this construction occurred in the 18th century. One of these constructions is the Colegio de San Luis Gonzaga, which was established in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_War_of_Independence">Mexican War of Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mexican War of Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_L%C3%B3pez_Ray%C3%B3n" title="Ignacio López Rayón">Ignacio López Rayón</a> led a group of Mexican rebels <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zacatecas_(1811)" title="Battle of Zacatecas (1811)">capturing the city of Zacatecas</a> on April 15, 1811, early in the fight for Mexican independence from Spain. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Rosales" title="Víctor Rosales">Víctor Rosales</a> and José María Cos were leaders of <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Hidalgo's</a> rebellion. Shortly after Independence, the Mexican government established the city of Zacatecas as the capital of the newly formed state of Zacatecas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg/220px-Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg/330px-Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg/440px-Nebel_Voyage_17_Zacatecas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4178" data-file-height="3123" /></a><figcaption>Interior of Zacatecas, painting of 1836 by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nebel" title="Carl Nebel">Carl Nebel</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-1820s, institutions such as the first opera house, first teachers’ college, the state treasury, the state supreme court and other institutions were founded in the city when the first state constitution was signed. The first newspaper in the state started circulation herein 1825. The municipality was established in 1825.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the end of the War of Independence until nearly the end of the 19th century, liberals or federalists and conservatives, who favored centralized rule from Mexico City, battled for control of Zacatecas. In 1835, then-liberal <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a> defeated the troops of Francisco Garcia Salinas. During the <a href="/wiki/Reform_War" title="Reform War">Reform War</a>, the city was taken by conservative general <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Miram%C3%B3n" title="Miguel Miramón">Miguel Miramón</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first railroad connecting Zacatecas with <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe,_Zacatecas" title="Guadalupe, Zacatecas">Guadalupe</a> was completed in 1880. Connections with Mexico City and <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a> by rail were established in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_Revolution">Mexican Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mexican Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Mexican Revolution, Zacatecas was the scene of the Battle of Zacatecas in 1914, pitting the rebel forces of Francisco Villa against the government forces of <a href="/wiki/Victoriano_Huerta" title="Victoriano Huerta">Victoriano Huerta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zacatecas was the last stronghold of the Huerta forces, which the <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_del_Norte" title="División del Norte">División del Norte</a> arrived on June 19, 1914, from <a href="/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n" title="Torreón">Torreón</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TakingofZacatecas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TakingofZacatecas.JPG/220px-TakingofZacatecas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TakingofZacatecas.JPG/330px-TakingofZacatecas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/TakingofZacatecas.JPG/440px-TakingofZacatecas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the <i>Toma de Zacatecas</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Castle" title="Chapultepec Castle">Chapultepec Castle</a>, Mexico City</figcaption></figure> <p>Taking the city would clear the way for Villa to proceed to Mexico City. Villa's forces were under the direct command of <a href="/wiki/Felipe_%C3%81ngeles" title="Felipe Ángeles">General Felipe</a> Ángeles, and Huerta's forces were under the command of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Medina_Barr%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Medina Barrón (page does not exist)">General Luis Medina Barrón</a>. From the 19th to the 23rd, General Medina used a light beacon brought from the port city of Veracruz to light the hills at night looking for rebel positions. The battle began at 10:00 a.m. on the 23rd with rebel cannon fire. Over 22,000 rebel troops then approached the city from four directions, from the mountains known as La Bufa, La Sierpe, Loreto and La Tierra Negra. The battle continued until about 5:00 that afternoon, when Huerta's troops began to abandon their positions, and the División del Norte took the strategic hills of La Bufa and El Grillo, entering the city. The rebels sacked the city and destroyed a number of buildings. Battle casualties were about 5,000 for Huerta's troops and about 3,000 for the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-tomoz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomoz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Mexican Revolution, the city of Zacatecas decided to revive the original seal granted to it by Philip II, and make it the seal of both the city and the state. It had been discarded after the War of Independence. The "Marcha Aréchiga" or "Marcha Zacatecas" written by Genaro Codina in the early 20th century, became the semi official anthem of the city and state.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas_1900.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Zacatecas_1900.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Zacatecas_1900.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Zacatecas_1900.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Zacatecas_1900.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Zacatecas_1900.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Zacatecas_1900.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5810" data-file-height="4248" /></a><figcaption>Zacatecas c. 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>The old Instituto de Ciencias was refounded as the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_Zacatecas" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas">Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas</a> in 1968, and an international airport was constructed in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anniversary of the city had been celebrated on the day of the Virgin of Zapopan, who was the patron until 1975. Since then the patron has been changed to the Virgin del Patrocinio, who is celebrated on the same day,.<sup id="cite_ref-defiesta_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defiesta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Quinta_Real_Zac._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>The former Plaza de Toros with El Cubo aqueduct in the background. The bullring was repurposed into an hotel in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The city center was named a World Heritage Site in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s websites states the following as justification. "Founded in 1546 after the discovery of a rich silver lode, Zacatecas reached the height of its prosperity in the 16th and 17th centuries. Built on the steep slopes of a narrow valley, the town has views of the area. There are also several old buildings, both religious and civil. The cathedral, built between 1730 and 1760, dominates downtown. It is notable for its harmonious design and the Baroque profusion of its façades, where European and indigenous decorative elements are found side by side."<sup id="cite_ref-who_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zacatecas has had a number of earthquakes since the colonial period. The last occurred in 1995 and caused minor damage.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the city council approved the logotype of the new administration with includes the Virgin of Zacatecas image. However, since then it has been claimed that the new logo violates Article 5 of the Zacatecas constitution and Article 10 of a law called <i>Bando de Policía y Buen Gobierno</i>. Another objection is that the new seal contains the colors yellow and black, those of the political party of the municipal president.<sup id="cite_ref-logotipo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logotipo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has grown to the point where houses now balance on the edge of a creek and over the mounds of waste from mines. This is possible due to the lack of regulation and urban planning by authorities. Irregularities exist in 85% of the city's neighborhoods but the neighborhoods of Lázaro Cárdenas, Minera, CNOP, Lomas de la Pimienta, Benito Juárez, González Ortega have the largest number of them. Many of these buildings have structural and infrastructure problems such as flooding during rains and the damage this creates.<sup id="cite_ref-crecer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crecer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_city">The city</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg/170px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg/255px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg/340px-Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Zacatecas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>The Bufa Hill's cableway on the street level</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is called "con rostro de cantera rosa y corazón de plata" (with a face of pink stone and a heart of silver) because of the pink stone that many of its iconic buildings are made of and the silver that has spurred its development and history.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other mining cities in Mexico, such as <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato,_Guanajuato" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato, Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxco" title="Taxco">Taxco</a>, the city was built near the mines on very rough terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-vjimenez_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is at the foot of the Cerro de la Bufa, in which was one of the greatest silver mines in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of having an orderly plan of streets, the Spanish settlement followed the old Indian neighborhoods with narrow streets and alleys squeezed into a large ravine or "cañada". Without attempting to modify the rough terrain, development also ran up the hills.<sup id="cite_ref-vjimenez_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main road through town aligns north–south along the Arroyo de la Plata, with the rest of the city filled with small winding alleys and streets and tiny plazas.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the alleys have names that refer to local legends, such as the "Callejón del Indio Triste" (Alley of the Sad Indian) and "Callejón del Mono Prieto" (Alley of the Dark Monkey).<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only really open space is the main plaza. Even here, it is not possible to stand back far enough to see the whole Baroque façade of the main cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-vjimenez_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the city are the Brittany hills or small mountains that contain silver and other minerals such as the Cerro de la Virgen, Cerro de Clérigos, Cerro del Grillo, Cerro del Padre and Cerro de la Bufa.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hills are starkly barren of vegetation, due to the semi-desert climate.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is known for its clear air and clean streets, with garbage cans placed every ten meters in the city center.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This city, along with Guanajuato and Taxco are along a route called the "Ruta de la Plata" or Silver Route. These cities are distinguished not only for silver but for the conservation of their colonial façades and narrow streets.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zacatecas conserves many of its original structures from the colonial period such as churches, colonial government buildings and monasteries and mansions built by rich miners in pink stone.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these buildings were constructed in the 18th century, when the silver flowing out of the mines was at its highest.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These buildings have made the historic center of the city a World Heritage Site.<sup id="cite_ref-defiesta_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defiesta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_sites_and_attractions">Historic sites and attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historic sites and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg/170px-Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg/255px-Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg/340px-Zacatecas_-_Panfilo_Natera_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>Equestrian statue of Pánfilo Natera at Cerro de la Bufa</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cerro de la Bufa, with its El Edén mine, is one of the most important symbols of the city and was the scene of the Battle of Zacatecas (called the Toma de Zacatecas in Spanish) in which Francisco Villa emerged victorious in 1914. At the top of this mountain is a museum and statues honoring Pánfilo Natera, Francisco Villa and Felipe Ángeles, which are related to this event. The site also contains an observatory, the Mausoleo de los Hombres Ilustres and the Chapel of Virgen del Patrocinio.<sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VillaStatue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/VillaStatue.JPG/220px-VillaStatue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/VillaStatue.JPG/330px-VillaStatue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/VillaStatue.JPG/440px-VillaStatue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Equestrian statue of Pancho Villa, atop Cerro de la Bufa, site of his greatest victory</figcaption></figure> <p>The El Edén mine began operations in 1586 and principally produced gold and silver.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend the devil is supposed to be found in this parts due to the sound made when the wind whistles around the rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While operations began in the 16th century, its peak was reached in the 17th and 18th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the fact that there is still a significant amount of minerals left to extract, mining operations ceased in 1960, because the entrance is located in the middle of the city making this too hazardous.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, the mine was converted into a tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, visitors can take a small train which leads into the mountain for about a half a kilometer, then walk with a guide along some of the narrow passages. One of the things to see is an altar to the <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Atocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Niño de Atocha">Santo Niño de Atocha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-silvercity_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At night, the former rock crushing room of the mine has been converted into a nightclub.<sup id="cite_ref-silvercity_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Toma de Zacatecas Museum is located on Cerro de la Bufa, which played at part in the Battle of Zacatecas during the Mexican Revolution. The museum was opened in 1984 and contains many articles from this battle as well as some from the <a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a>. Inside are clothing and uniforms, arms such as shotguns, mousers and cannons, historic maps of Zacatecas and newspaper and photographs from the era. Photographs include those of Juana Gallo, who was a heroine of the Cristero War. Some battles from this conflict also took place on Cerro de la Bufa.<sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is fronted by the Plaza de la Revolución, which contains statues of Francisco Villa and two other generals who successfully led the attack on the city. The building housing the museum was originally the Casa de la Caridad y Hospital de Pobres.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next to the museum is the Chapel of Nuestra Señora del Patrocinio, an old hermitage from the 16th century. Its façade is Baroque with two levels. The Observatorio Meteorológico is mostly used to observe weather phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between Cerro de la Bufa and Cerro del Grillo is an <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">aerial tramway</a> or cable car that provides panoramic views of the city below. This cable car extends for about 650 meters, is called "El Teleférico" and was constructed in 1979 by the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a>. The ride lasts about eight minutes, but does not operate when there are high winds.<sup id="cite_ref-silvercity_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-feria_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feria-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacatecas Cathedral">Zacatecas Cathedral</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg/270px-Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg/405px-Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg/540px-Zacatecas_Plaza_Mayor_Catedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacatecas cathedral">cathedral</a> was built between 1729 and 1753, regarded by many as the last, and greatest, expression of the <a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">churrigueresque</a> style.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the city proper just south of the main plaza, is the cathedral, which is located over the ruins of pre-Hispanic temples. The current structure dates from 1752 and has a façade of sculpted pink stone. The best time to appreciate the façade is in the late afternoon when the sun shines directly on it.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This church is considered to be one of the best examples of Mexican <a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a> architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first parish church was built on this site between 1567 and 1585, but it was in ruins by the beginning of the 17th century. A second church was built between 1612 and 1625 and was called the Chapel of Santo Cristo.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of this construction can be seen in the first level of the south tower and the main façade.<sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current cathedral was begun in 1729 with main façade finished in 1745 but not opened to worship until 1752.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cathedral is attributed to Domingo Ximénez Hernández and is a testament to the wealth that the city had in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-vjimenez_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, additions were made. The dome was rebuilt in 1848 and the south tower was completed in 1904, by Dámaso Muñetón. The 19th-century dome is an imitation of the dome of the <a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Church" title="Nuestra Señora de Loreto Church">Church of Loreto</a> in Mexico City. The church achieved cathedral status in 1862, and was declared a national monument in 1935. In 1965, the building was robbed of many of its precious metal items, which were never recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cathedral is eighty-five meters high and entirely constructed of pink sandstone.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has three naves with three main portals. The main façade has three levels supported by three <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic columns</a> with flank niches. At the crest is a cross. The first level has three columns decorated with vines and angels. In its niches are statues of the Four Evangelists. The second level has columns formed by shells, <a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(ornament)" title="Acanthus (ornament)">acanthus</a> and vines. The choir window is found here framed by stonework. The third level has an image of Christ with two of the Apostles flanked by solomonic columns decorated with leaves, <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">caryatids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubs</a>. The plaza side portal has two levels with stone columns and a sculpted scene of the crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>. The market side portal is Baroque and is dedicated to the Virgen del Patrocinio, patron of the city. The interior has a Latin cross layout with two naves and with the roof supported by <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric order</a> columns. The altarpieces are made of stone in Neoclassical style.<sup id="cite_ref-catedral_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main altar is dedicated to the Eucharist with side altars dedicated to the Holy Christ and the Virgin of Zacatecas.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American author Mrs. John Wesley Butler, in her book "Historic Churches in Mexico" tells us that the artist who designed the façade was French. This individual, condemned to death for some grave problem was able to get the execution postponed until he finished his work on the cathedral. He was able to continue the work for twenty-one years, being watched constantly by custodians and sentries while he worked. Finally bored with such a life, he declared one day that he was ready to be executed. But because of his work on the Cathedral façade he was not executed but received a pardon. The neighborhood showered him with gifts and banquets in his honor. Yet he was not content and desired to return to France. Unfortunately when all was ready for his departure he suddenly died. Where Mrs. Butler got this story is not known, since longtime residents of Zacatecas disclaim all knowledge of it.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings_and_Plaza_de_Armas">Buildings and Plaza de Armas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buildings and Plaza de Armas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas087.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zacatecas087.jpg/220px-Zacatecas087.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zacatecas087.jpg/330px-Zacatecas087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zacatecas087.jpg/440px-Zacatecas087.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Hidalgo Avenue and Rosales Arcade in the bottom</figcaption></figure> <p>The main square is called the Plaza de Armas, with the most important buildings such as the State Government Palace, the State Congress, the cathedral and others surrounding it.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What is now the State Government Palace was constructed at the beginning of the 18th century as the residence of the Count de la Laguna.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exterior is marked by its red roof,<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the interior has a courtyard surrounded by arches and a stairwell with a mural depicting the history of the state. This mural was painted in 1970 by Antonio Pintor Rodríguez.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the mansions that line the main plaza is called the "Palacio de la Mala Noche", which belonged to a miner named José Manuel de Rétegui in the 18th century. The name comes from a legend that states that the owner fell into poverty and one night decided to commit suicide. When he was at the point to doing so, he was informed that a rich vein had been found in one of his mines. Its façade has balconies and windows elaborated in sandstone. The main balcony is a half octagon. Today it houses the state supreme court.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another prominent mansion is the old house of González Ortega, which stands next to the cathedral and today is part of the governor's mansion.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Market">Market</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG/220px-Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG/330px-Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG/440px-Mercado_Jes%C3%BAs_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Mercado Jesús González Ortega second floor. The public market was constructed during the Porfiriato.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other side of the cathedral is the González Ortega Market, which was constructed in 1889 and still conserves its original façade. Originally, it was a traditional Mexican style market but has since been modernized into a mall with stores selling crafts, silver, leather, Zacatecas wine, antiques, <a href="/wiki/Charreada" class="mw-redirect" title="Charreada">charreada</a> gear, Huichol needlework and regional sweets.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also restaurants which offer regional dishes such as gorditas, asado de boda, pozole verde, pacholes, gorditas rellenas and enchiladas zacatecanas, filled with pork or cheese and covered in a sauce made with <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">poblano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guajillo_chili" title="Guajillo chili">guajillo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Poblano" title="Poblano">ancho</a> <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-defiesta_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defiesta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interior of the building has two floors with wrought iron columns and the façade is French style fronted by the Plazoleta Goitia.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another market for crafts is the Casa de Artesanias in front of the Temple of San Agustín, which sells wool serapes, masks, Huichol figures, wood boxes, ceramics and more.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Churches">Churches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG/185px-SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG" decoding="async" width="185" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG/278px-SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG/370px-SantoDomingoZacatecas03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Temple of Santo Domingo</figcaption></figure> <p>The former Temple of San Francisco was founded in 1568 as first monastery in Zacatecas, the monastery of Our Lady of Guadalupe, with the primary function of evangelization.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was inaugurated on January 12, 1707, but some parts of the buildings (such as the south tower) were not really completed until the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the monastery complex houses a museum but the church is in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vault of the central nave has fallen and many of its rooms and corridors are in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church of St. Agustine (ex-templo de San Agustín) was built by the religious order of San Agustín which arrived in the City of Zacatecas in 1575; was consecrated in 1617 and was refurbished and re-consecrated in 1782. The building has been attributed to Andres Manuel de la Riva, who built La Valenciana Church and monastery in Guanajuato. After the Reform Laws, the complex was sold to private buyers who turned it into a pool hall and hotel or apartments. In 1882, it was sold again, this time to the American Presbyterian Society, which demolished the main façade because it did not represent the concepts of that society. The Catholic Church regained possession in 1942 and it is now the Bishop's palace.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reconstruction efforts began in 1948 and continued sporadically until 1969. Only part of the monastery complex survives and is home to the <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Coronel" title="Rafael Coronel">Rafael Coronel</a> Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right side façade of the church remains, worked in sculpted stone, with the scene of St. Agustine being converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside, the church has distinctive arches as well as a cupola and side portal. The sacristy contains some of the sculptures from the original main façade. It also contains a collection of colonial artwork and hosts exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Temple of Santo Domingo Jesuit church of Santo Domingo, built between 1746 and 1749 by Cayetano de Sigüenza.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known locally as the Parish of the Inmaculada Concepción.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Santo Domingo is built over a solid platform, which makes it look more monumental.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was taken over by the Dominicans when the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a> were expelled from Mexico in the 18th century. It would substitute for the cathedral when it was in construction.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a sober Baroque portal, with altarpieces and paintings in its interior. Attached to this church is the monastery building of the Company of Jesus, which contains the current <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Coronel" title="Pedro Coronel">Pedro Coronel</a> Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-rutaplata_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside the church are eight Churrigueresque altars, which are carved of wood and gilded with gold mined from the Cerro del Grillo.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the main altar is Neoclassical.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Churringueresque altars are attributed to Felipe de Ureña and his son-in-law, Juan García de Castañeda.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theater">Theater</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Caldron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Teatro_Caldron.jpg/220px-Teatro_Caldron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Teatro_Caldron.jpg/330px-Teatro_Caldron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Teatro_Caldron.jpg/440px-Teatro_Caldron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Calderón Theatre.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Calderón Theater was built to replace a theater which had burned in the late 1880s (where the González Ortega Market is now). The theater has been in operation since then, having hosted famous performers such as <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Peralta" title="Ángela Peralta">Ángela Peralta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building is built in a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance revival">Renaissance revival</a> style and has a hall with large mirrors made in Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-feria_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feria-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_attractions">Other attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima,_Zacatecas,_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg/220px-Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg/330px-Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg/440px-Templo_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_F%C3%A1tima%2C_Zacatecas%2C_M%C3%A9xico_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Church of Our Lady of Fatima exterior stairs</figcaption></figure> <p>There are also a number of lesser known landmarks in the city. The first city park is the Alameda Trinidad García de la Cadena, which was built in the early 19th century. The Enrique Estrada General Park contains an enormous <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Meson de Jobito is a 19th-century building which is part of the garden dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former Bernárdez Hacienda now contains an artisans’ school which specializes in the making of silver items.<sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other mines that can be visited include La Esperanza, which extends 520 meters inside Cerro del Grillo.<sup id="cite_ref-feria_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feria-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Nuestra Señora de Fátima is an example of the relatively rare Gothic architecture in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mauricio Magdaleno Public Library is in a 19th-century building which served as the granary. The façade contains an image of a winged Victory.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The former Plaza de Toros and El Cubo aqueduct are located on one side of the Cerro de la Bufa. The Plaza de Toros <a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">bullring</a> was inaugurated in 1866 and conserves much of its original architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Events featuring bullfighters such as Lino Zamora, Epifanio del Rio, Eloy Cavazos, Manolo Martínez and Curro Rivera were held here. However, the plaza was eventually closed in 1975, and abandoned. After eleven years, it was almost demolished but it was instead rehabilitated and converted into a hotel and place to hold events. The Hotel Quinta Real was built by Mexicans Ricardo and Roberto Elías Pessah and contains 49 suites. The corridors maintain the bullring atmosphere as do the stores, restaurant and event halls.<sup id="cite_ref-taurino_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taurino-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The El Cubo <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(watercourse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (watercourse)">aqueduct</a> was built at the end of the 18th century to carry water from the El Cubo mine area, which gave the structure its name. Only a few arches of it remain.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG/220px-Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG/330px-Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG/440px-Museo_Francisco_Goitia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>The Francisco Goitia Museum is housed in the former residence of the Governor of the State of Zacatecas</figcaption></figure> <p>In relation to its population, Zacatecas is one of the cities with the most museums in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pedro Coronel Museum is located in the old monastery of the Santo Domingo church, which also housed the former Jesuit college of San Luis Gonzaga.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Luis was famous throughout Latin America for the quality of his teaching (one pupil of this college was Father Antonio Núñez de Miranda, the spiritual father of Juana Inés de la Cruz, the Mexican poet). Following the expulsion of the Jesuits and a brief interlude in the hands of the Dominicans, the college was converted successively into a barracks, a prison and a warehouse before being restored in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is mostly dedicated to the works of Zacatecas painter Pedro Coronel as well as works by others that he collected. The archive includes works by Pablo Picasso, Dalí, Miró, Braque, Chagall, Basarelli, Eduardo Degas and Hogart.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also halls dedicated to works from Africa, India, Egypt, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum also contains an important collection of medals and 25,000 volumes which made up the libraries of the old convents (including 15,000 from Our Lady of Guadalupe alone).<sup id="cite_ref-baroque_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these are in the Elías Armador Historical Library, which contains over 20,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rafael Coronel Museum, named after the brother of Pedro Coronel, is housed in eight halls of the monastery complex which was part of the Church of San Francisco. This museum is dedicated to historic relics with the main collection being 5,000 masks made of wood. leather and clay coming from many of Mexico's regional cultures, past and present. Many represent historic and supernatural figures. It also contains drawings and sketches by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rivera" title="Diego Rivera">Diego Rivera</a>. In the halls dedicated to the colonial period, there is a set of <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> figures from the 17th and 18th centuries and in the Rosete Aranda Hall there is a collection of puppets from <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, Indonesia and China.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a collection of masks and puppets which belonged to one of the most important theatrical companies in 20th-century Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This museum was begun when Rafael donated 10,764 pieces from his own collection to the city of Zacatecas.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Felgu%C3%A9rez" title="Manuel Felguérez">Manuel Felguérez</a> Museum contains a large collection of abstract art by the namesake and other artists covering three generations.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One exhibition is the "Murals of Osaka" created in 1969 when Fernando Gamboa was commissioned to archive Mexico's pavilion at the World's Fair in Osaka in 1970. Since the event, the murals remained stored for decades until this permanent exhibition was installed. Artists represented include Lilia Carrillo, Francisco Corzas, Roger Van Gunten and Francisco Icasa.<sup id="cite_ref-hecha_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecha-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes permanent workshop space for etching, an auditorium and exhibition halls.<sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its building dates from the 18th century, which was the site of the Seminario Conciliar, and later a barracks and penitentiary.<sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current museum was inaugurated in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Zacatecano Museum is on Doctor Hierro Street and houses a collection of Huichol art, folk retablos (ex-votos) (folk paintings giving thanks for a miracle) and wrought ironwork. This building used to be the Casa de Moneda (coin mint) between 1802 and 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-finsemana_18-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finsemana-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other museums include Museo de Pintura Colonial and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_Museo_Ram%C3%B3n_L%C3%B3pez_Velarde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa Museo Ramón López Velarde (page does not exist)">Casa Museo Ramón López Velarde</a>. Still other museums include the Episcopal Gallery, the Museo de la Ciencia and the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goitia" title="Francisco Goitia">Francisco Goitia</a> Museum. The Episcopal Gallery is located to the side of the cathedral and contains religious art from the 19th and 20th centuries. It contains religious paraphernalia, paintings and sculptures related to Catholic Church history including a multilingual Bible from 1772.<sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Museo de la Ciencia (Science Museum) is located in the old central building of the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas and contains collections documenting the advances of physics, mathematics and natural sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-museos_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Francisco Goitia Museum contains works by this Zacatecas artist as well as works by Julio Ruelas, Pedro and Rafael Coronel, Manuel Felguérez and Jose Kuri Brena.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_technical_education">Universities and technical education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Universities and technical education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city contains a number of universities and institutions of higher education, including the state-sponsored Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Universidad Tecnológica del Estado de Zacatecas (UTEZ) is part of a technological university system across the Mexico. It was founded in 1998 by the state government of Zacatecas focusing on majors in technology and business.<sup id="cite_ref-utez_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utez-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other technical schools are the Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatecas,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Instituto Politécnico de Zacatecas,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a campus of the <a href="/wiki/ITESM" class="mw-redirect" title="ITESM">ITESM</a> college system.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals_and_celebrations">Festivals and celebrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Festivals and celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city hosts a number of religious and cultural festivals throughout the year. The Festival Cultural de Zacatecas<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is held each year in the city during Holy Week, which unites artists of different genres from classic to rock and offers visitors more than 130 attractions. Some of the artists have included La Barranca, Real de Catorce, blues singer Betsy Pecannins and singer Vicky Carr. There are also theatrical events and events for children. About 90% of the events are free. The event is organized by the state of Zacatecas with support from the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, ISSSTE, IMSS, CONACULTA and other government agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Feria Nacional de Zacatecas<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is held during the month of September at the foot of the Cerro de la Bufa. It includes concerts, bullfighting, events at the Foro Infantil, crafts expositions as well as exhibitions of livestock, autos and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-defiesta_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defiesta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual event began in 1940 and received more than two million visitors each year since 2002. The main concert hall for the event has a capacity of 5,000 and has hosted names such as <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Vicente Fernández">Vicente Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Alejandra Guzmán">Alejandra Guzmán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_D%C3%BArcal" title="Rocío Dúrcal">Rocío Dúrcal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Roma">Rio Roma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ha*Ash" title="Ha*Ash">Ha*Ash</a>. It has exhibition and sales of crafts, livestock and food. Other events include charreadas and bullfighting. The evening has folkloric dance and fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-feria_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feria-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Festival Zacatecas del Folclor International takes place the first week of August.<sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Religious events include the feast of the Virgin of Zacatecas and the feast of the Virgin del Patrocinio. Activities associated with these events include parades with floats, musical concerts, bullfighting, processions and other religious events. The Virgin of Zacatecas is housed in a chapel built in 1728 and regularly receives visitors from the city and other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-alturas_20-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alturas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Virgin of Patrocinio, whose day is September 14, celebrates one of the most celebrated images in the Zacatecas area. This event lasts for ten days with traditional dances, processions and more. This feast coincides with the Feria Nacional de Zacatecas and Mexico's Independence Day. On Good Friday, a large procession called the "Procession of Silence" is held.<sup id="cite_ref-defiesta_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defiesta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last three days of August are dedicated to an event called Morismas de Bracho. This event involves approximately 5,000 people in costume who commemorate the decapitation of John the Baptist and the struggle of Christians against the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>, with the principal players representing <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Mohamed</a> and John the Baptist. The staging occurs at El Bracho Park, behind the Cerro de la Bufa and ends with the decapitation of Mohamed.<sup id="cite_ref-revolucionaria_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revolucionaria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 23, the town commemorates the Battle of Zacatecas at the Cerro de la Bufa and the Plaza de Armas with cultural events and fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-taurino_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taurino-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Needing no date or special reason for celebration are the "callejoneadas" or alleyway parties. These are considered to be a traditional form of nightlife in which one can dance, sing and drink <a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcal</a> or beer-based punch called "heribertas" for free.<sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-callejon_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callejon-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to tradition, these parties were begun by a college student named Heriberto, whose last name has been lost. They are most commonly held at the end of the school year, but no reason is needed to hold one.<sup id="cite_ref-callejon_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callejon-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most callejoneadas form in front of the Palacio de Gobierno, where a "tambora" band or other type of band, a group of revelers and a donkey carrying jugs of "heribertas" gather.<sup id="cite_ref-silvercity_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The donkey is often painted or otherwise decorated. The party then winds its way around the narrow streets and alleys of the city, with people drinking the heribertos from little jars called jarritos. Most of the revelers are students but all are welcome to join.<sup id="cite_ref-callejon_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callejon-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zacatecas is the seat of a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Category II Regional Office, to promote training, research and conservation of artistic, historical, natural and archaeological heritage of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It is the fourth such office to be established after those in China, Brazil and Bahrain. The office is in charge of fourteen percent of the World Heritage Sites in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-regional_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's chamber music festival has been held annually since 1993. It is organized by the Instituto Zacatecano de Cultura with support from the Escuela de Musica of the Universidad de Zacatecas as well as other local and national entities.<sup id="cite_ref-coloquio_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coloquio-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By highway, Zacatecas is connected to <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes,_Aguascalientes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a> via Fed 45, to <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD,_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a> via Fed 49, Fed 23 to Guadalajara and Torreón and Fed 54 to Guadalajara and <a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a>. There is a rail line called the "Ferrocarril Central" that still connects the city with other parts such as <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Ciudad Juárez">Ciudad Juárez</a> and Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-artistica_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is served by the <a href="/wiki/General_Leobardo_C._Ruiz_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="General Leobardo C. Ruiz International Airport">General Leobardo C. Ruiz International Airport</a>, which connects the city with <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">Leon</a>, and Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intercity busses connect the city with other regional cities such as <a href="/wiki/Fresnillo" title="Fresnillo">Fresnillo</a> as well as national destinations such as Guadalajara, Ciudad Juárez and Mexico City. There is also transportation to locations such as Plateros, and the Sanctuary of the Niño de Atocha. There is also public transportation intra-city as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ciudades_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciudades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_municipality">The municipality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AS09-22-3365_(21413694913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg/170px-AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg/255px-AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg/340px-AS09-22-3365_%2821413694913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="4600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> image of <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_Occidental" title="Sierra Madre Occidental">Sierra Madre Occidental</a> near city of Zacatecas</figcaption></figure> <p>As municipal seat, the city of Zacatecas is the governmental authority for 180 other named localities,<sup id="cite_ref-INEGI_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INEGI-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which total an area of 444 km<sup>2</sup> (171 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ninety-three percent of the municipality's population of 132,035 lives in the city proper.<sup id="cite_ref-INEGI_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INEGI-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no indigenous communities in the municipalities with almost all of the population being "mestizo" or mixed indigenous-European. Under 500 people speak an indigenous language such as Huichol and Zacateco but most of these are from other parts of Mexico and speak Spanish as well. The municipality borders the municipalities of Calera, Morelos, Vetagrande, Guadalupe, Genaro Codina and Jerez.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality is wedged between the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_Occidental" title="Sierra Madre Occidental">Sierra Madre Occidental</a> and the subrange called Sierras y Valles Zacatecanos. The area is very rugged terrain filled with narrow valleys, <a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">ravines</a> and mountains. The principal elevations include Cerro El Grillo at 2,690 m (8,830 ft), Cerro Los Alamitos at 2,680 m (8,790 ft), Cerro La Bufa at 2,650 m (8,690 ft), Cerro La Mesa at 2,590 m (8,500 ft), Mesas El Rincón Colorado at 2,540 m (8,330 ft), Cerro La Mesa at 2,440 m (8,010 ft) and Cerro Grande at 2,370 m (7,780 ft). The area is divided between the <a href="/wiki/Lerma_River" title="Lerma River">Lerma River</a> and El Salado River basins, with a large number of small streams and arroyos crossing the territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020 Mexican Census, reported Zacatecas municipality had a population of 149,607 people, of whom 77,635 are female and 71,972 are male.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/170px-Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/255px-Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/340px-Observatorio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_de_Zacatecas_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Zacatecas weather station atop Cerro de la Bufa</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg/170px-Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg/255px-Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg/340px-Nevada_2010_La_Bufa_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">View of Zacatecas during a cold winter</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Zacatecas City has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSk</i>, according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>), with an average annual temperature of 15.7 °C (60 °F). Freezing temperatures are not uncommon, especially in January and February. During the winter of 2017–2018, Zacatecas municipality reached temperatures that haven't been reached in several years as 10 °F or −12 °C with a wind chill of 3 °F or −16 °C, although the coldest temperature occurred in Fresnillo which its another city close to Zacatecas City, where the temperature dropped to 3 °F or −15 °C with a wind chill of −2 °F or −20 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most rain falls between June and September,<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is a defined winter.<sup id="cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Principal wild vegetation is that adapted to dry areas such as <a href="/wiki/Nopal" title="Nopal">nopals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesquite" title="Mesquite">mesquite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agave_americana" title="Agave americana">maguey</a> and grasses, with pines and <a href="/wiki/Quercus_rotundifolia" title="Quercus rotundifolia">holm oaks</a> in the higher elevations. Wildlife includes coyotes, grey foxes, bobcats, <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, rabbits, raccoons, other small mammals as well as variety of small birds and reptiles.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Zacatecas (Buenavista), elevation: 2352 m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–2018 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(0.73) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(0.52) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(0.37) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(0.31) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(0.78) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.3<br />(4.19) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.8<br />(3.77) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.1<br />(3.78) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(1.35) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(0.59) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(0.54) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">517.6<br />(20.38) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.03 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.46 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.11 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Servicio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_(Mexico)" title="Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)">Servicio Meteorologico Nacional</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Colegio de Postgraduados (snow)<sup id="cite_ref-clima_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clima-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Zacatecas (La Bufa), elevation: 2576 m (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2018) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.2<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(0.48) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(0.35) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(0.16) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(0.14) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(0.47) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7<br />(2.90) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7<br />(2.90) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(0.92) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(0.36) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">381.5<br />(15.02) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.7 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.7 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.0 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.7 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.6 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.9 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.3 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,703.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> (sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-WMONormals_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMONormals-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaa_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Servicio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_(Mexico)" title="Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)">Servicio Meteorologico Nacional</a> (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most important sectors of the municipal economy are mining, which employs about 21% of the population, livestock to which 76% of the surface area is dedicated and commerce, which employs over 70% of the population. Most mining today occurs on the Panuco, Vetagrande and Morelos mountains with the most active mines being El Compas, La Gallega, San Panuncio and San Rafael. Annual production is valued at 50,043 pesos for gold, 11,320 pesos for silver and 38,122 for lead. Non-metallic minerals include kaolin, building stone and petroleum aggregates. Agriculture and livestock is mostly done communally, with ten established <a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido">ejidos</a>. Only 15% of the municipality's land is farmed. This agriculture is dependent on the annual rainy season and produces some basic staples such as beans, chili peppers and corn. Livestock includes cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and horses. There is some industry related to food processing, textiles, wood products, paper and mining equipment as well as the making of crafts such as sarapes, stonework, leather and precious metals. Commerce is divided between providing for local needs as well as tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the city's status as a World Heritage site, there is camping available in the Sierra de Organos, Canon de Juchipila, the Cerro del Mixton and the Sierra de Cardos. La Quemada or Alta Vista-Chalchihuites is the best known archeological site in Zacatecas. Due to its location, the artifacts show influence of cultures such as <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Purépecha people">Purépechas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toltec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Toltec people">Toltecs</a>. It has several levels and built over a large hill. When it rains, water flows over the upper levels like a waterfall.<sup id="cite_ref-leyenda_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leyenda-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-feria_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feria-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_presidents">Municipal presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Municipal presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_presidents_of_Zacatecas_City" title="List of municipal presidents of Zacatecas City">List of municipal presidents of Zacatecas City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg/1000px-EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg/1500px-EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg/2000px-EstadioCarlosVillalbaZacatecas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Carlos_Vega_Villalba" title="Estadio Carlos Vega Villalba">Estadio Carlos Vega Villalba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UAZ_EstadioU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/UAZ_EstadioU.jpg/220px-UAZ_EstadioU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/UAZ_EstadioU.jpg/330px-UAZ_EstadioU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/UAZ_EstadioU.jpg/440px-UAZ_EstadioU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Zacatecas" title="Autonomous University of Zacatecas">UAZ</a> stadia</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Founded</th> <th>League </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mineros_de_Zacatecas_(basketball)" title="Mineros de Zacatecas (basketball)">Mineros de Zacatecas (basketball)</a></td> <td>Basketball</td> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liga_Nacional_de_Baloncesto_Profesional" title="Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional">LNBP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mineros_de_Zacatecas" title="Mineros de Zacatecas">Mineros de Zacatecas</a></td> <td>Football</td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ascenso_MX" title="Ascenso MX">Ascenso MX</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzos_de_la_universidad_autonoma_de_Zacatecas" class="extiw" title="es:Tuzos de la universidad autonoma de Zacatecas">Tuzos de la UAZ</a></td> <td>Football</td> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Segunda_Divisi%C3%B3n_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="Segunda División de México">Serie A</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Special:EditPage/Zacatecas (city)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Zacatecas has these <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">sister cities</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa,_California" title="Azusa, California">Azusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso">El Paso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_California" title="Norwalk, California">Norwalk</a>, California, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Township,_Jo_Daviess_County,_Illinois" title="Hanover Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois">Hanover Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Illinois" title="Woodstock, Illinois">Woodstock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-esculturalmente-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esculturalmente_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMendizabal2000" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mendizabal, José Antonio (May 21, 2000). "Zacatecas: Esculturalmente arquitectonica" [Zacatecas:Sculpturally architectural]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Zacatecas%3A+Esculturalmente+arquitectonica&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2000-05-21&rft.aulast=Mendizabal&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encmuc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_2-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227140721/http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/zacatecas/municipios/32056a.htm">"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Zacatecas Zacatecas"</a> (in Spanish). Mexico: INAFED. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/zacatecas/municipios/32056a.htm">the original</a> on February 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+de+los+Municipios+de+M%C3%A9xico+Estado+de+Zacatecas+Zacatecas&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=INAFED&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inafed.gob.mx%2Fwork%2Ftemplates%2Fenciclo%2Fzacatecas%2Fmunicipios%2F32056a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artistica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-artistica_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Zacatecas: Artistica y tradicional" [Zacatecas:Artistic and traditional]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. March 9, 1997. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Zacatecas%3A+Artistica+y+tradicional&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1997-03-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rutaplata-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rutaplata_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuga1998" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Puga, Carlos (March 22, 1998). "Los caminos de la plata" [The silver roads]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Los+caminos+de+la+plata&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1998-03-22&rft.aulast=Puga&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silvercity-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-silvercity_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvercity_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvercity_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvercity_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvercity_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Diaz, Katherine A. (August 2005). "Silver City: Zacatecas, a treasure trove of history and art". <i>Hispanic</i>. <b>18</b> (8). Miami: 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic&rft.atitle=Silver+City%3A+Zacatecas%2C+a+treasure+trove+of+history+and+art&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2005-08&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Katherine+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baroque-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baroque_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegovia1995" class="citation journal cs1">Segovia, Francisco (September 1995). 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Paris: 40–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+UNESCO+Courier&rft.atitle=Baroque+Zacatecas&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=40-44&rft.date=1995-09&rft.aulast=Segovia&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vjimenez-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vjimenez_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjimenez_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjimenez_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjimenez_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjimenez_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimenez" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jimenez, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604190640/http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/7911-La-ciudad-de-Zacatecas%2C-joya-del-mundo-novohispano">"La ciudad de Zacatecas, joya del mundo novohispano"</a> [The city of Zacatecas, jewel of the Spanish colonial world] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/7911-La-ciudad-de-Zacatecas,-joya-del-mundo-novohispano">the original</a> on June 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mexico: Government of Mexico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=129:la-toma-de-zacatecas&catid=70:200-anos-de-historia">the original</a> on February 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mexico City. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Enamorese+de+Zacatecas+desde+las+alturas&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1999-11-07&rft.aulast=Mandujano&rft.aufirst=Leticia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museos-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museos_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalazar2002" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salazar, Emmanuel (March 3, 2002). "Cuentan en Zacatecas con liderazgo en museos" [Zacatecas leader in museums]. <i>El Norte</i> (in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Norte&rft.atitle=Cuentan+en+Zacatecas+con+liderazgo+en+museos&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2002-03-03&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feria-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-feria_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feria_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feria_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feria_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feria_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorral2003" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Corral, Marcela (August 17, 2003). "Llega la feria a Zacatecas" [Fair come to Zacatecas]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Llega+la+feria+a+Zacatecas&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2003-08-17&rft.aulast=Corral&rft.aufirst=Marcela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catedral-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catedral_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225606/http://www.indaabin.gob.mx/dgpif/historicos/zacatecas.htm">"Catedral de Zacatecas"</a> [Cathedral of Zacatecas] (in Spanish). Mexico: INDAABIN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indaabin.gob.mx/dgpif/historicos/zacatecas.htm">the original</a> on July 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catedral+de+Zacatecas&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=INDAABIN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indaabin.gob.mx%2Fdgpif%2Fhistoricos%2Fzacatecas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mrs. Butler quote (translated from the Spanish) was obtained from the newspaper "Sol de Zacatecas" of March 3, 2011 on page 4A with the title "Catedral de Zacatecas: otra leyenda sobre su fachada principal" and authored by the City Historian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taurino-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taurino_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taurino_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarduno1999" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Garduno, Marichuy (April 15, 1999). "Una posada muy taurina" [A very "bull" inn]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Una+posada+muy+taurina&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft.aulast=Garduno&rft.aufirst=Marichuy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uaz.edu.mx/">"Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas"</a>. <i>uaz.edu.mx</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uaz.edu.mx&rft.atitle=Universidad+Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Zacatecas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaz.edu.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utez-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-utez_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051222041929/http://www.geeky.net/geeky.css">"Breve Reseña UTEZ 1998–2009"</a> [Brief summary 1998–2009]. <i>utzac.edu.mx</i> (in Spanish). Zacatecas: Universidad Tecnológica del Estado de Zacatecas (UTEZ). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utzac.edu.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51&Itemid=113">the original</a> on December 22, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=utzac.edu.mx&rft.atitle=Breve+Rese%C3%B1a+UTEZ+1998%E2%80%932009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utzac.edu.mx%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D51%26Itemid%3D113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itz.edu.mx">"Homepage"</a>. <i>itz.edu.mx</i>. Instituto Tecnológico de Zacatecas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itz.edu.mx&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itz.edu.mx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upz.edu.mx">"Universidad Politécnica de Zacatecas-Fresnillo"</a>. <i>upz.edu.mx</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=upz.edu.mx&rft.atitle=Universidad+Polit%C3%A9cnica+de+Zacatecas-Fresnillo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upz.edu.mx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010404015035/http://www.zac.itesm.mx/">"Tec de Monterrey, Campus Zacatecas"</a>. <i>zac.itesm.mx</i>. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM). Archived from the original on April 4, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zac.itesm.mx&rft.atitle=Tec+de+Monterrey%2C+Campus+Zacatecas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zac.itesm.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tec.mx/en/zacatecas-campus">"Zacatecas Campus"</a>. <i>tec.mx</i>. Tecnológico de Monterrey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tec.mx&rft.atitle=Zacatecas+Campus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftec.mx%2Fen%2Fzacatecas-campus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://festivalzacatecas.com/">お買い得価格で種類豊富アイテムに取り揃えています</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306141407/http://festivalzacatecas.com/">Archived</a> March 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fenaza.com.mx/fenaza-2019-feria-nacional-zacatecas/">"FENAZA 2019 Feria Nacional Zacatecas"</a>. <i>fenaza.com.mx</i>. May 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fenaza.com.mx&rft.atitle=FENAZA+2019+Feria+Nacional+Zacatecas&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffenaza.com.mx%2Ffenaza-2019-feria-nacional-zacatecas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-callejon-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-callejon_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-callejon_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-callejon_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Romero, Tania (October 3, 2005). "Zacatecas y sus callejoneadas" [Zacatecas and its "callejoneadas"]. <i>Reforma</i> (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reforma&rft.atitle=Zacatecas+y+sus+callejoneadas&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2005-10-03&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Tania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regional-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-regional_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artdaily.cc/news/33003/UNESCO-Regional-Office-to-be-Installed-in-Zacatecas-#.YEKFiGhKiUk">"UNESCO Regional Office to be Installed in Zacatecas"</a>. <i>artdaily.cc</i>. Mexico: <a href="/wiki/INAH" class="mw-redirect" title="INAH">INAH</a>. August 31, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artdaily.cc&rft.atitle=UNESCO+Regional+Office+to+be+Installed+in+Zacatecas&rft.date=2009-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartdaily.cc%2Fnews%2F33003%2FUNESCO-Regional-Office-to-be-Installed-in-Zacatecas-%23.YEKFiGhKiUk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coloquio-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coloquio_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222121718/http://www.sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=festival&table_id=56">"Coloquio Musical de Zacatecas"</a>. <i>sic.gob.mx</i>. Mexico: CONACULTA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=festival&table_id=56">the original</a> on February 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sic.gob.mx&rft.atitle=Coloquio+Musical+de+Zacatecas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sic.gob.mx%2Fficha.php%3Ftable%3Dfestival%26table_id%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INEGI-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INEGI_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INEGI_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/">"INEGI Census 2005"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/">the original</a> on April 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INEGI+Census+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.gob.mx%2Fest%2Fcontenidos%2Fespanol%2Fsistemas%2Fconteo2005%2Flocalidad%2Fiter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wkese.com/es/CUAL_ES_LA_POBLACION_DE_ZACATECAS.html">"¿Cuál es la población de Zacatecas?"</a>. <i>wkese.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wkese.com&rft.atitle=%C2%BFCu%C3%A1l+es+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+de+Zacatecas%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwkese.com%2Fes%2FCUAL_ES_LA_POBLACION_DE_ZACATECAS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales_Climatologicas/Normales9120/zac/nor9120_32086.TXT">"SERVICIO METEOROLÓGICO NACIONAL NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS"</a> (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SERVICIO+METEOROL%C3%93GICO+NACIONAL+NORMALES+CLIMATOL%C3%93GICAS&rft.pub=Servicio+Meteorol%C3%B3gico+Nacional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmn.conagua.gob.mx%2Ftools%2FRESOURCES%2FNormales_Climatologicas%2FNormales9120%2Fzac%2Fnor9120_32086.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00032/00032086.TXT">"Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for Zacatecas (DGE)"</a> (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+and+Precipitation+for+Zacatecas+%28DGE%29&rft.pub=Servicio+Meteorol%C3%B3gico+Nacional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmn.conagua.gob.mx%2Ftools%2FRESOURCES%2FMax-Extr%2F00032%2F00032086.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clima-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clima_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/zacatecg.htm">"Normales climatológicas para el Estado de Zacatecas"</a>. Colegio de Postgraduados<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+climatol%C3%B3gicas+para+el+Estado+de+Zacatecas&rft.pub=Colegio+de+Postgraduados&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm.colpos.mx%2Fmeteoro%2Fprogde%2Fnorm%2Fnorm24%2Fzacatecg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMONormals-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMONormals_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-4-WMO-Normals-9120/Mexico/CSV/LaBufa_76525.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — La Bufa"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020+%E2%80%94+La+Bufa&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-4-WMO-Normals-9120%2FMexico%2FCSV%2FLaBufa_76525.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/MX/76525.TXT">"Zacatecas (76525) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zacatecas+%2876525%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FMX%2F76525.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAAZacatecasCity">Archived</a> December 27, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00032/00032031.TXT">"Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for La Bufa (OBS)"</a> (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+and+Precipitation+for+La+Bufa+%28OBS%29&rft.pub=Servicio+Meteorol%C3%B3gico+Nacional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmn.conagua.gob.mx%2Ftools%2FRESOURCES%2FMax-Extr%2F00032%2F00032031.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZacatecas+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacatecas_(city)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zacatecas_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zacatecas City">Zacatecas City</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Zacatecas#Q139242" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zacatecas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zacatecas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Zacatecas&#124;link=Zacatecas_State_of_Zacatecas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas"><img alt="Zacatecas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zacatecas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> State of <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zacatecas</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Zacatecas" title="Municipalities of Zacatecas">Municipalities<br />and<br />municipal seats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apozol_Municipality" title="Apozol Municipality">Apozol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apozol" title="Apozol">Apozol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulco_Municipality" title="Apulco Municipality">Apulco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apulco" title="Apulco">Apulco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atolinga_Municipality" title="Atolinga Municipality">Atolinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atolinga" title="Atolinga">Atolinga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencia_de_Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" class="mw-redirect" title="Florencia de Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florencia_de_Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" class="mw-redirect" title="Florencia de Benito Juárez">Florencia de Benito Juárez</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calera_de_V%C3%ADctor_Rosales" title="Calera de Víctor Rosales">Calera</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADctor_Rosales,_Zacatecas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas (page does not exist)">Víctor Rosales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1itas_de_Felipe_Pescador_Municipality" title="Cañitas de Felipe Pescador Municipality">Cañitas de Felipe Pescador</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1itas_de_Felipe_Pescador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cañitas de Felipe Pescador">Cañitas de Felipe Pescador</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_del_Oro_Municipality" title="Concepción del Oro Municipality">Concepción del Oro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_del_Oro" title="Concepción del Oro">Concepción del Oro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Cuauhtémoc Municipality, Zacatecas">Cuauhtémoc</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro_Piedra_Gorda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pedro Piedra Gorda (page does not exist)">San Pedro Piedra Gorda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalchihuites_Municipality" title="Chalchihuites Municipality">Chalchihuites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chalchihuites" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalchihuites">Chalchihuites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Plateado_de_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Amaro" title="El Plateado de Joaquín Amaro">El Plateado de Joaquín Amaro</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Plateado_de_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Amaro" title="El Plateado de Joaquín Amaro">El Plateado de Joaquín Amaro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador,_Zacatecas" title="El Salvador, Zacatecas">El Salvador</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Salvador,_Zacatecas" title="El Salvador, Zacatecas">El Salvador</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnillo" title="Fresnillo">Fresnillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fresnillo" title="Fresnillo">Fresnillo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genaro_Codina,_Zacatecas" title="Genaro Codina, Zacatecas">Genaro Codina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genaro_Codina,_Zacatecas" title="Genaro Codina, Zacatecas">Genaro Codina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Enrique_Estrada" title="General Enrique Estrada">General Enrique Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Enrique_Estrada" title="General Enrique Estrada">General Enrique Estrada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Francisco_R._Murgu%C3%ADa_Municipality" title="General Francisco R. Murguía Municipality">General Francisco R. Murguía</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nieves,_Zacatecas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nieves, Zacatecas (page does not exist)">Nieves</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_P%C3%A1nfilo_Natera_Municipality" title="General Pánfilo Natera Municipality">General Pánfilo Natera</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_P%C3%A1nfilo_Natera_Municipality" title="General Pánfilo Natera Municipality">General Pánfilo Natera</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Guadalupe Municipality, Zacatecas">Guadalupe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadalupe,_Zacatecas" title="Guadalupe, Zacatecas">Guadalupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanusco_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanusco Municipality">Huanusco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huanusco" title="Huanusco">Huanusco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalpa,_Zacatecas" title="Jalpa, Zacatecas">Jalpa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jalpa,_Zacatecas" title="Jalpa, Zacatecas">Jalpa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_Garc%C3%ADa_Salinas" title="Jerez de García Salinas">Jerez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_Garc%C3%ADa_Salinas" title="Jerez de García Salinas">Jerez de García Salinas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_del_Teul" title="Jiménez del Teul">Jiménez del Teul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_del_Teul" title="Jiménez del Teul">Jiménez del Teul</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Aldama_Municipality" title="Juan Aldama Municipality">Juan Aldama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juan_Aldama,_Zacatecas" title="Juan Aldama, Zacatecas">Juan Aldama</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juchipila" title="Juchipila">Juchipila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juchipila" title="Juchipila">Juchipila</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreto_Municipality,_Zacatecas" class="mw-redirect" title="Loreto Municipality, Zacatecas">Loreto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Zacatecas" title="Loreto, Zacatecas">Loreto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Moya,_Zacatecas" title="Luis Moya, Zacatecas">Luis Moya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luis_Moya,_Zacatecas" title="Luis Moya, Zacatecas">Luis Moya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazapil_Municipality" title="Mazapil Municipality">Mazapil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mazapil" title="Mazapil">Mazapil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchor_Ocampo_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Melchor Ocampo Municipality, Zacatecas">Melchor Ocampo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchor_Ocampo,_Zacatecas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melchor Ocampo, Zacatecas (page does not exist)">Melchor Ocampo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezquital_del_Oro" title="Mezquital del Oro">Mezquital del Oro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mezquital_del_Oro" title="Mezquital del Oro">Mezquital del Oro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Auza_Municipality" title="Miguel Auza Municipality">Miguel Auza</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Auza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Auza (page does not exist)">Miguel Auza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momax" title="Momax">Momax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Momax" title="Momax">Momax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Escobedo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Escobedo Municipality">Monte Escobedo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monte_Escobedo" title="Monte Escobedo">Monte Escobedo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelos,_Zacatecas" title="Morelos, Zacatecas">Morelos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morelos,_Zacatecas" title="Morelos, Zacatecas">Morelos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyahua_de_Estrada" title="Moyahua de Estrada">Moyahua de Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moyahua_de_Estrada" title="Moyahua de Estrada">Moyahua de Estrada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nochistl%C3%A1n_de_Mej%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochistlán de Mejía">Nochistlán de Mejía</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nochistl%C3%A1n_de_Mej%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochistlán de Mejía">Nochistlán de Mejía</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noria_de_%C3%81ngeles" title="Noria de Ángeles">Noria de Ángeles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noria_de_%C3%81ngeles" title="Noria de Ángeles">Noria de Ángeles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nuco_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Pánuco Municipality, Zacatecas">Pánuco</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nuco,_Zacatecas" title="Pánuco, Zacatecas">Pánuco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinos_Municipality" title="Pinos Municipality">Pinos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinos,_Zacatecas" title="Pinos, Zacatecas">Pinos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Río Grande Municipality, Zacatecas">Río Grande</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande,_Zacatecas" title="Río Grande, Zacatecas">Río Grande</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz" title="Santa María de la Paz">Santa María de la Paz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz" title="Santa María de la Paz">Santa María de la Paz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%ADn_Alto_Municipality" title="Saín Alto Municipality">Saín Alto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%ADn_Alto" title="Saín Alto">Saín Alto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sombrerete_Municipality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sombrerete Municipality (page does not exist)">Sombrerete</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sombrerete,_Zacatecas" title="Sombrerete, Zacatecas">Sombrerete</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susticac%C3%A1n" title="Susticacán">Susticacán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Susticac%C3%A1n" title="Susticacán">Susticacán</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco,_Zacatecas" title="Tabasco, Zacatecas">Tabasco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabasco,_Zacatecas" title="Tabasco, Zacatecas">Tabasco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepechitl%C3%A1n" title="Tepechitlán">Tepechitlán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tepechitl%C3%A1n" title="Tepechitlán">Tepechitlán</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepetongo" title="Tepetongo">Tepetongo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tepetongo" title="Tepetongo">Tepetongo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%BAl_de_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_Municipality" title="Teúl de González Ortega Municipality">Teúl de González Ortega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Te%C3%BAl_de_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega_Municipality" title="Teúl de González Ortega Municipality">Teúl de González Ortega</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaltenango_de_S%C3%A1nchez_Rom%C3%A1n_Municipality" title="Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román Municipality">Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tlaltenango_de_S%C3%A1nchez_Rom%C3%A1n_Municipality" title="Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román Municipality">Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trancoso_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Trancoso Municipality, Zacatecas">Trancoso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trancoso_Municipality,_Zacatecas" title="Trancoso Municipality, Zacatecas">Trancoso</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Garc%C3%ADa_de_la_Cadena,_Zacatecas" title="Trinidad García de la Cadena, Zacatecas">Trinidad García de la Cadena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Garc%C3%ADa_de_la_Cadena,_Zacatecas" title="Trinidad García de la Cadena, Zacatecas">Trinidad García de la Cadena</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso_Municipality,_Zacatecas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valparaíso Municipality, Zacatecas (page does not exist)">Valparaíso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso,_Zacatecas" title="Valparaíso, Zacatecas">Valparaíso</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetagrande" title="Vetagrande">Vetagrande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vetagrande" title="Vetagrande">Vetagrande</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Cos" title="Villa de Cos">Villa de Cos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Cos" title="Villa de Cos">Villa de Cos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Garc%C3%ADa,_Zacatecas" title="Villa García, Zacatecas">Villa García</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villa_Garc%C3%ADa,_Zacatecas" title="Villa García, Zacatecas">Villa García</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega" title="Villa González Ortega">Villa González Ortega</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Ortega" title="Villa González Ortega">Villa González Ortega</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Hidalgo,_Zacatecas" title="Villa Hidalgo, Zacatecas">Villa Hidalgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villa_Hidalgo,_Zacatecas" title="Villa Hidalgo, Zacatecas">Villa Hidalgo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villanueva_Municipality,_Zacatecas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villanueva Municipality, Zacatecas (page does not exist)">Villanueva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Villanueva,_Zacatecas" title="Villanueva, Zacatecas">Villanueva</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zacatecas</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zacatecas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zacatecas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Zacatecas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/100px-Zacatecas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Template:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Template talk:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mexican_state_capitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">Mexican state</a> capitals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes_(city)" title="Aguascalientes (city)">Aguascalientes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur" title="La Paz, Baja California Sur">La Paz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Tuxtla Gutiérrez">Tuxtla Gutiérrez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_City" title="Chihuahua City">Chihuahua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colima_(city)" title="Colima (city)">Colima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colima" title="Colima">Colima</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a> (<a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilpancingo" title="Chilpancingo">Chilpancingo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)" title="Hidalgo (state)">Hidalgo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morelos" title="Morelos">Morelos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepic" title="Tepic">Tepic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro City">Querétaro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetumal" title="Chetumal">Chetumal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_City" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí City">San Luis Potosí</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Culiacán">Culiacán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermosillo" title="Hermosillo">Hermosillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villahermosa" title="Villahermosa">Villahermosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria" title="Ciudad Victoria">Ciudad Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala_(city)" title="Tlaxcala (city)">Tlaxcala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Yucatán">Yucatán</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zacatecas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Mexico">World Heritage Sites in Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Archaeological Zone of <a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquimé, Casas Grandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pinacate_y_Gran_Desierto_de_Altar_Biosphere_Reserve" title="El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve">El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li>Islands and Protected Areas of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vizca%C3%ADno_Biosphere_Reserve" title="El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve">Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missions_in_the_Sierra_Gorda_of_Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro">Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro</a></li> <li>Historic Centre of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zacatecas</a></li> <li>Historic Monuments Zone of <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a></li> <li>Historic Town of <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a> and Adjacent Mines</li> <li>Protected town of <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Atotonilco" title="Sanctuary of Atotonilco">Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave_Landscape_and_Ancient_Industrial_Facilities_of_Tequila" title="Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila">Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revillagigedo_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Revillagigedo Archipelago">Revillagigedo Archipelago</a></li> <li>Historic Centre of <a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospicio_Caba%C3%B1as" title="Hospicio Cabañas">Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara</a></li> <li>Islands and Protected Areas of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch_Butterfly_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve">Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_on_the_slopes_of_Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl">Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Pre-Hispanic City of <a href="/wiki/El_Taj%C3%ADn" title="El Tajín">El Tajín</a></li> <li>Historic Centre of <a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li>Historic Monuments Zone of <a href="/wiki/Tlacotalpan" title="Tlacotalpan">Tlacotalpan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Historic Centre of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oaxaca (city)">Oaxaca</a> and Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Alb%C3%A1n" title="Monte Albán">Monte Albán</a></li> <li>Prehistoric Caves of <a href="/wiki/Yagul" title="Yagul">Yagul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mitla" title="Mitla">Mitla</a> in the Central Valley of Oaxaca</li> <li>Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Archaeological Monuments Zone of <a href="/wiki/Xochicalco" title="Xochicalco">Xochicalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Padre_Tembleque" title="Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque">Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque</a> Hydraulic System</li> <li>Central University City Campus of the <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Universitaria,_Mexico_City" title="Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City">UNAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_monasteries_on_the_slopes_of_Popocat%C3%A9petl" class="mw-redirect" title="Earliest monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl">Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li>Historic Centre of <a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Mexico City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xochimilco" title="Xochimilco">Xochimilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Barrag%C3%A1n_House_and_Studio" title="Luis Barragán House and Studio">Luis Barragán House and Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch_Butterfly_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve">Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n-Cuicatl%C3%A1n_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve">Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley</a></li> <li>Pre-Hispanic City of <a href="/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a>,</li> <li>Historic Fortified Town of <a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li>Pre-Hispanic City of <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichén Itzá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_Ka%CA%BCan_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Sian Kaʼan Biosphere Reserve">Sian Kaʼan Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li>Pre-Hispanic Town of <a href="/wiki/Uxmal" title="Uxmal">Uxmal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared by more one <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Mexico#States" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of Mexico">region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139242#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zacatecas (Zacatecas, Mexiko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1136797&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456197">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554946805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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