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Britannica - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site
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);}.elementor-widget-archive-posts .elementor-posts-nothing-found{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-loop-grid .elementor-pagination{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-loop-grid .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-loop-grid .e-load-more-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__title, .elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__title a{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__meta-data{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__excerpt p{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__read-more{color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-posts a.elementor-post__read-more{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-post__card .elementor-post__badge{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-pagination{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-posts .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-posts .e-load-more-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-portfolio a .elementor-portfolio-item__overlay{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-portfolio .elementor-portfolio-item__title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-portfolio .elementor-portfolio__filter{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-portfolio .elementor-portfolio__filter.elementor-active{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-gallery .elementor-gallery-item__title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-gallery .elementor-gallery-item__description{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-gallery{--galleries-title-color-normal:var( --e-global-color-primary );--galleries-title-color-hover:var( --e-global-color-secondary );--galleries-pointer-bg-color-hover:var( --e-global-color-accent );--gallery-title-color-active:var( --e-global-color-secondary );--galleries-pointer-bg-color-active:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-gallery .elementor-gallery-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-group > label, .elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-subgroup label{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-group > label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-type-html{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-group .elementor-field{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-group .elementor-field, .elementor-widget-form .elementor-field-subgroup label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .e-form__buttons__wrapper__button-next{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-button[type="submit"]{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-form .e-form__buttons__wrapper__button-previous{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-form .elementor-message{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form .e-form__indicators__indicator, .elementor-widget-form .e-form__indicators__indicator__label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-form{--e-form-steps-indicator-inactive-primary-color:var( --e-global-color-text );--e-form-steps-indicator-active-primary-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--e-form-steps-indicator-completed-primary-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--e-form-steps-indicator-progress-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--e-form-steps-indicator-progress-background-color:var( --e-global-color-text );--e-form-steps-indicator-progress-meter-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-form .e-form__indicators__indicator__progress__meter{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-field-group > a{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-field-group > a:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-form-fields-wrapper label{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-field-group .elementor-field{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-field-group .elementor-field, .elementor-widget-login .elementor-field-subgroup label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-login .elementor-widget-container .elementor-login__logged-in-message{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-slides .elementor-slide-heading{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-slides .elementor-slide-description{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-slides .elementor-slide-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu .elementor-item{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item{color:var( --e-global-color-text );fill:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:hover, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.elementor-item-active, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item.highlighted, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main .elementor-item:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-accent );fill:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main:not(.e--pointer-framed) .elementor-item:before, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--main:not(.e--pointer-framed) .elementor-item:after{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .e--pointer-framed .elementor-item:before, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .e--pointer-framed .elementor-item:after{border-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu{--e-nav-menu-divider-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-item, .elementor-widget-nav-menu .elementor-nav-menu--dropdown .elementor-sub-item{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-animated-headline .elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper path{stroke:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-animated-headline .elementor-headline-plain-text{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-animated-headline .elementor-headline{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-animated-headline{--dynamic-text-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-animated-headline .elementor-headline-dynamic-text{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-hotspot .widget-image-caption{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-hotspot{--hotspot-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );--hotspot-box-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );--tooltip-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-hotspot .e-hotspot__label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-hotspot .e-hotspot__tooltip{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-list .elementor-price-list-header{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-list .elementor-price-list-price{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-list .elementor-price-list-description{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-list .elementor-price-list-separator{border-bottom-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-price-table{--e-price-table-header-background-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__heading{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__subheading{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table .elementor-price-table__price{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__original-price{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__period{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__features-list{--e-price-table-features-list-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__features-list li{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__features-list li:before{border-top-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__additional_info{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-price-table .elementor-price-table__ribbon-inner{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-flip-box .elementor-flip-box__front .elementor-flip-box__layer__title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-flip-box .elementor-flip-box__front .elementor-flip-box__layer__description{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-flip-box .elementor-flip-box__back .elementor-flip-box__layer__title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-flip-box .elementor-flip-box__back .elementor-flip-box__layer__description{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-flip-box .elementor-flip-box__button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-call-to-action .elementor-cta__title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-call-to-action .elementor-cta__description{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-call-to-action .elementor-cta__button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-call-to-action .elementor-ribbon-inner{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-media-carousel .elementor-carousel-image-overlay{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-testimonial-carousel .elementor-testimonial__text{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-testimonial-carousel .elementor-testimonial__name{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-testimonial-carousel .elementor-testimonial__title{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-reviews .elementor-testimonial__header, .elementor-widget-reviews .elementor-testimonial__name{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-reviews .elementor-testimonial__text{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-table-of-contents{--header-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );--item-text-color:var( --e-global-color-text );--item-text-hover-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );--marker-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-table-of-contents .elementor-toc__header, .elementor-widget-table-of-contents .elementor-toc__header-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-table-of-contents .elementor-toc__list-item{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-countdown .elementor-countdown-item{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-countdown .elementor-countdown-digits{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-countdown .elementor-countdown-label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-countdown .elementor-countdown-expire--message{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-search-form input[type="search"].elementor-search-form__input{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-search-form .elementor-search-form__input, .elementor-widget-search-form .elementor-search-form__icon, .elementor-widget-search-form .elementor-lightbox .dialog-lightbox-close-button, .elementor-widget-search-form .elementor-lightbox .dialog-lightbox-close-button:hover, .elementor-widget-search-form.elementor-search-form--skin-full_screen input[type="search"].elementor-search-form__input{color:var( --e-global-color-text );fill:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-search-form .elementor-search-form__submit{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-author-box .elementor-author-box__name{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-author-box .elementor-author-box__bio{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-author-box .elementor-author-box__button{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-author-box .elementor-author-box__button:hover{border-color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__prev--label{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__next--label{color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__prev--label, .elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__next--label{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__prev--title, .elementor-widget-post-navigation span.post-navigation__next--title{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-item:not(:last-child):after{border-color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-icon i{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-icon svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-text, .elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-text a{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-post-info .elementor-icon-list-item{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-widget-sitemap .elementor-sitemap-title{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );font-family:var( 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.elementor-widget-wrap.elementor-element-populated{align-content:center;align-items:center;}.elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0bcd3ab > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 10px 0px 10px;--e-column-margin-right:10px;--e-column-margin-left:10px;}.elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e .elementor-button{font-family:"Roboto", Sans-serif;font-size:33px;font-weight:600;fill:#000000;color:#000000;background-color:#FFFFFF00;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e .elementor-button:hover, .elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e .elementor-button:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e .elementor-button:hover svg, .elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e .elementor-button:focus svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-106 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f47db6e > 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size-full wp-image-878" alt="" srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white.png 2114w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white-300x57.png 300w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white-1024x195.png 1024w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white-768x146.png 768w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white-1536x292.png 1536w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/britannica_logo_white-2048x389.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2114px) 100vw, 2114px" /></noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a300c4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a300c4c" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ca767c" data-id="4ca767c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-259ffa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="259ffa2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>In a world that is <strong>increasingly complex</strong>, where you can be <strong>bombarded</strong> with information with such ferocity that it feels impossible to figure out <strong>what is true</strong> and what matters, <strong>where should you turn</strong>?</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-00fa20a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="00fa20a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><b>The answer</b> —<br />as it has been for more than 250 years — is <strong>Britannica.</strong></p> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-afdb912 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="afdb912" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9db796" data-id="e9db796" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b9d881f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b9d881f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Today’s Britannica is</strong> a dynamic, continuously updated, rigorously fact-checked information source for students, teachers, and lifelong learners. Whether you need historical context for the latest evolving world crisis, want an engaging biography of someone in the news, or just would like to test your knowledge of world capitals, Britannica is the only place you need to look.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2441a4" data-id="b2441a4" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-283b27a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="283b27a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Every year, Britannica’s worldwide team of editors and contributors write, update, and revise tens of thousands of articles. We bring unmatched intellectual rigor to every story, graphic, video, or quiz we publish, because, in an ever-changing world, having up-to-date, trustworthy information isn’t our job, it’s our mission. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cf56af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="cf56af4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Visit us at <a href="https://www.britannica.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">britannica.com</a></strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ffa0feb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ffa0feb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Explore Britannica</h2> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77bd69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="77bd69b" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7856a8d" data-id="7856a8d" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-73bd3fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="73bd3fe" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img decoding="async" width="440" height="228" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20440%20228'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-199" alt="Biographies" data-lazy-srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1.jpg 440w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1-300x155.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px" data-lazy-src="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="440" height="228" src="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-199" alt="Biographies" srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1.jpg 440w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit1-300x155.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px" /></noscript> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2ed5de6 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="2ed5de6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a 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data-lazy-srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3.jpg 440w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3-300x155.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px" data-lazy-src="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" width="440" height="228" src="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-198" alt="Videos" srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3.jpg 440w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brit3-300x155.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px" /></noscript> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f47db6e elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="f47db6e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div 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class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">© Hulton Archive/Getty Images</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-684" data-post-id="684" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="344" class="elementor elementor-344" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd95ede elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cd95ede" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d544d2" data-id="6d544d2" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0a0558e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="0a0558e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Albert-Einstein-on-Space-Time-1987141" target="_blank"> <img decoding="async" width="800" height="800" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20800'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-681" alt="" data-lazy-srcset="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/0000142177-einste013-050a1.jpg 800w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/0000142177-einste013-050a1-300x300.jpg 300w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/0000142177-einste013-050a1-150x150.jpg 150w, https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/0000142177-einste013-050a1-768x768.jpg 768w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" 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data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Albert-Einstein-on-Space-Time-1987141" target="_blank">Albert Einstein</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f6f5d23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="f6f5d23" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nobel Prize in Physics</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-95e805d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="95e805d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Britannica Contributor, 1926</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6fafc5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6fafc5b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Prints and Photographs Division/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZ62-60242)</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-691" data-post-id="691" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="344" class="elementor elementor-344" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd95ede elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cd95ede" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d544d2" data-id="6d544d2" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0a0558e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="0a0558e" data-element_type="widget" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6fafc5b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Brown Brothers</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div class="jet-listing-grid__item jet-listing-dynamic-post-362" data-post-id="362" > <div data-elementor-type="jet-listing-items" data-elementor-id="344" class="elementor elementor-344" data-elementor-post-type="jet-engine"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd95ede elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cd95ede" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d544d2" data-id="6d544d2" data-element_type="column"> <div 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elementor-size-default">Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South Africa</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6fafc5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6fafc5b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Benny Gool—Oryx Media/Desmond Tutu Peace Cent</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73a4b79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="73a4b79" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-377da65" data-id="377da65" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1eb2e7b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="1eb2e7b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/britannica-contributors"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">See All Our Contributors</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0e1346a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0e1346a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Distinguished Partners</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2039033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-listing-grid" data-id="2039033" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"columns":"4"}" data-widget_type="jet-listing-grid.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-listing-grid jet-listing"><div class="jet-listing-grid__items grid-col-desk-4 grid-col-tablet-4 grid-col-mobile-4 jet-listing-grid--11422" data-queried-id="106|WP_Post" data-nav="{"enabled":false,"type":null,"more_el":null,"query":[],"widget_settings":{"lisitng_id":11422,"posts_num":8,"columns":4,"columns_tablet":4,"columns_mobile":4,"is_archive_template":"","post_status":["publish"],"use_random_posts_num":"","max_posts_num":9,"not_found_message":"No data was 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