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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oksidujući_i_redukujući_agensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidujući_i_redukujući_agensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oksidujući i redukujući agensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oksidujući_i_redukujući_agensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Oksidujući i redukujući agensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oksidujući_i_redukujući_agensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oksidaciona_sredstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidaciona_sredstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oksidaciona sredstva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksidaciona_sredstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redukciona_sredstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redukciona_sredstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Redukciona sredstva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redukciona_sredstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standardni_redukcioni_potencijal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardni_redukcioni_potencijal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Standardni redukcioni potencijal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardni_redukcioni_potencijal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primeri_redoks_reakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primeri_redoks_reakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Primeri redoks reakcija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Primeri_redoks_reakcija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Primeri redoks reakcija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Primeri_redoks_reakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reakcije_premeštanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcije_premeštanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reakcije premeštanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcije_premeštanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_primeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_primeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Drugi primeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_primeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_industriji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redoks_reakcije_u_industriji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Redoks reakcije u industriji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_industriji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_biologiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redoks_reakcije_u_biologiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Redoks reakcije u biologiji</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_biologiji-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Redoks reakcije u biologiji</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_biologiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Redoks_kruženje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redoks_kruženje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Redoks kruženje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redoks_kruženje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_geologiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redoks_reakcije_u_geologiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Redoks reakcije u geologiji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redoks_reakcije_u_geologiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balansiranje_redoks_reakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balansiranje_redoks_reakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Balansiranje redoks reakcija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Balansiranje_redoks_reakcija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Balansiranje redoks reakcija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Balansiranje_redoks_reakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kisela_sredina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kisela_sredina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Kisela sredina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kisela_sredina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bazna_sredina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bazna_sredina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bazna sredina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bazna_sredina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoljašnje_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oksido-redukcija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 81 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksie" title="Redoksreaksie — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Redoksreaksie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أكسدة واختزال — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكسدة واختزال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenorgamientu-oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Amenorgamientu-oxidación — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amenorgamientu-oxidación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83-%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Окисланыу-ҡайтарылыу реакциялары — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Окисланыу-ҡайтарылыу реакциялары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Акісляльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акісляльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Затляняльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Затляняльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Окислително-редукционни процеси — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окислително-редукционни процеси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="জারণ — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জারণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks-reakcija" title="Redoks-reakcija — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Redoks-reakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3_reducci%C3%B3" title="Reacció d'oxidació reducció — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció d'oxidació reducció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئۆکسان — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆکسان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxn%C3%AD_reakce" title="Redoxní reakce — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Redoxní reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Оксидлав-таврăнав реакцийĕ — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оксидлав-таврăнав реакцийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhydocs" title="Rhydocs — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhydocs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Redoxreaktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Redoxreaktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Οξειδοαναγωγή — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξειδοαναγωγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksa_reakcio" title="Redoksa reakcio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Redoksa reakcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducci%C3%B3n-oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Reducción-oxidación — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reducción-oxidación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaktsioon" title="Redoksreaktsioon — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Redoksreaktsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erredox_erreakzio" title="Erredox erreakzio — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erredox erreakzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4" title="اکسایش-کاهش — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکسایش-کاهش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio" title="Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9action_d%27oxydor%C3%A9duction" title="Réaction d'oxydoréduction — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réaction d'oxydoréduction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksje" title="Redoksreaksje — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Redoksreaksje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsd%C3%AD" title="Ocsdí — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ocsdí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidorreduci%C3%B3n" title="Oxidorredución — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oxidorredución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8" title="חמצון-חיזור — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמצון-חיזור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="रेडॉक्स — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडॉक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasyon" title="Oksidasyon — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oksidasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxireakci%C3%B3" title="Redoxireakció — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Redoxireakció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D6%87_%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Օքսիդացում և վերականգնում — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսիդացում և վերականգնում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrado_per_oxidigo" title="Degrado per oxidigo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Degrado per oxidigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossidoriduzione" title="Ossidoriduzione — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ossidoriduzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%85%83%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C" title="酸化還元反応 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸化還元反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჟანგვა-აღდგენითი რეაქციები — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟანგვა-აღდგენითი რეაქციები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%83-%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тотығу-тотықсыздану реакциясы — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тотығу-тотықсыздану реакциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3_-_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3" title="ಉತ್ಕರ್ಷಣ - ಅಪಕರ್ಷಣ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ಕರ್ಷಣ - ಅಪಕರ್ಷಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%C2%B7%ED%99%98%EC%9B%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="산화·환원 반응 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산화·환원 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun" title="Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijos-redukcijos_reakcija" title="Oksidacijos-redukcijos reakcija — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oksidacijos-redukcijos reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s-reduc%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s_reakcijas" title="Oksidēšanās-reducēšanās reakcijas — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oksidēšanās-reducēšanās reakcijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="റിഡോക്സ് പ്രവർത്തനം — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിഡോക്സ് പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Исэлдэлт — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исэлдэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindak_balas_redoks" title="Tindak balas redoks — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindak balas redoks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreactie" title="Redoxreactie — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Redoxreactie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksjon" title="Redoksreaksjon — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Redoksreaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksjon" title="Redoksreaksjon — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Redoksreaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaccion_d%27oxidoreduccion" title="Reaccion d'oxidoreduccion — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reaccion d'oxidoreduccion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰਿਡਾਕਸ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਡਾਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_redoks" title="Reakcja redoks — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja redoks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="رڈاکس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رڈاکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxirredu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Oxirredução — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oxirredução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uksiday" title="Uksiday — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uksiday" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_de_oxido-reducere" title="Reacție de oxido-reducere — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reacție de oxido-reducere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Окислительно-восстановительные реакции — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окислительно-восстановительные реакции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ريڊوڪس — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريڊوڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dno-reduk%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Oxidačno-redukčná reakcia — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxidačno-redukčná reakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" title="Redoks reakcija — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Redoks reakcija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksionet_redoks" title="Reaksionet redoks — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reaksionet redoks" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидо-редукција — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оксидо-редукција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%AE%87%E1%AE%8A%E1%AE%AA%E1%AE%9E%E1%AE%A4%E1%AE%93%E1%AE%9E%E1%AE%A4" title="ᮇᮊ᮪ᮞᮤᮓᮞᮤ — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="ᮇᮊ᮪ᮞᮤᮓᮞᮤ" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒடுக்க-ஏற்ற வேதிவினைகள் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடுக்க-ஏற்ற வேதிவினைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ปฏิกิริยารีดอกซ์ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิกิริยารีดอกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Оксидлашу-кайтару реакцияләре — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оксидлашу-кайтару реакцияләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Окисно-відновна реакція — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окисно-відновна реакція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="تخسید — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تخسید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_oxy_h%C3%B3a_kh%E1%BB%AD" title="Phản ứng oxy hóa khử — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng oxy hóa khử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氧化还原反应" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氧化还原反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="氧化還原反應 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氧化還原反應" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sng-h%C3%B2a_ho%C3%A2n-go%C3%A2n_ho%C3%A1n-%C3%A8ng" title="Sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="氧化還原反應 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氧化還原反應" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82682#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oksido-redukcija" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oksido-redukcija"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" 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accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/Oksido-redukcija" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Oksido-redukcija" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Redox_reaction.png/375px-Redox_reaction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Redox_reaction.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Ilustracija redoks reakcije</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:RustyChainEdit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RustyChainEdit1.jpg/250px-RustyChainEdit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RustyChainEdit1.jpg/375px-RustyChainEdit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RustyChainEdit1.jpg/500px-RustyChainEdit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">Rđajuće</a> gvožđe</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Large_bonfire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/250px-Large_bonfire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/375px-Large_bonfire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/500px-Large_bonfire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vatra" title="Vatra">Vatra</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje">Sagorevanje</a> se sastoji od redoks reakcija sa <a href="/wiki/Radikal_(hemija)" title="Radikal (hemija)">slobodnim radikalima</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reakcije <b>oksido-redukcije</b> (ili redoks reakcije) su reakcije pri kojima se vrši promena <a href="/wiki/Oksidacioni_broj" title="Oksidacioni broj">oksidacionog broja</a> (stanja) atoma elemenata koji ulaze u sastav reagujućih supstanci. Redoks reakcije su elektronski proces, odnosno proces premeštanja perifernih elektrona sa jednih atoma (molekula ili jona) ka drugim atomima (molekulima ili jonima), pri čemu dolazi do promene njihovog oksidacionog broja (stanja).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reakcija oksido-redukcije sastoji se iz: reakcije oksidacije koja predstavlja proces otpuštanja elektrona sa nekog atoma (molekula ili jona) i reakcije redukcije koja predstavlja proces primanja elektrona od strane nekog atoma (molekula ili jona). Za atom koji otpušta elektrone kaže se da se oksidovao - povećao svoj oksidacioni broj (predstavlja donor elektrona ), a sam je redukciono sredstvo. Atom (molekul ili jon) koji prima elektrone se redukovao - smanjio svoj oksidacioni broj (predstavlja akceptor elektrona), a sam je oksidaciono sredstvo.<sup id="cite_ref-Atkins7th_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atkins7th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McQuarrie1st_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQuarrie1st-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iako dovoljni za mnoge namene, ovi opisi nisu potpuno tačni. Oksidacija i redukcija se odnose se na promenu oksidacionog stanja, dok do prenosa elektrona možda i neće doći. Oksidacija se preciznije definiše kao povećanje oksidacionog stanja, i redukcija kao smanjenje oksidacionog stanja. U praksi će prenos elektrona uvek izazvati promenu oksidacionog stanja, ali postoje mnoge reakcije koje se klasifikuju kao „redoks“ iako nema transfera elektrona (kao što su one sa promenama <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentnih veza</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chemistry_ConceptsAndApplications_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chemistry_ConceptsAndApplications-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rodgers_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodgers-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zumhahl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zumhahl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oksido-redukcija može da bude bilo jednostavni redoks proces, kao što je oksidacija ugljenika do <a href="/wiki/Ugljen-dioksid" title="Ugljen-dioksid">ugljen-dioksida</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>), ili redukcija ugljenika <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodonikom</a> do metana (CH<sub>4</sub>). Ona isto tako može da bude kompleksan proces, kao što je oksidacija <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukoze</a> (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) u ljudskom telu putem serije kompleksnih procesa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfer_elektrona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfer elektrona (stranica ne postoji)">elektronskog transfera</a>. </p><p>Redoks reakcije, ili oksidaciono-redukcione reakcije, imaju niz sličnosti sa <a href="/wiki/Teorije_kiselina_i_baza" title="Teorije kiselina i baza">reakcijama kiselina i baza</a>. Kao i kiselo-bazne reakcije, redoks reakcije su uparen set, tako da se reakcija oksidacije ne može odvijati a da se istovremeno ne odvija reakcija redukcije. Svaka reakcija sama po sebi se zove „polu-reakcija“, jer moraju postojati dve polu-reakcije. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oksidujući_i_redukujući_agensi"><span id="Oksiduju.C4.87i_i_redukuju.C4.87i_agensi"></span>Oksidujući i redukujući agensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Oksidujući i redukujući agensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Oksidujući i redukujući agensi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prilikom reakcije oksido-redukcije dolazi do prividnog prenosa elektrona sa atoma manje elektronegativnosti na atom veće <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">elektronegativnosti</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksidaciona_sredstva">Oksidaciona sredstva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Oksidaciona sredstva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Oksidaciona sredstva"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Oksidacija</b> je prvobitno označavala <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_reakcija" title="Hemijska reakcija">reakciju</a> sjedinjavanja hemijskog elementa sa <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonikom</a> pri čemi nastaju <a href="/wiki/Oksid" title="Oksid">oksidi</a>. Onda je pojam proširen na svaku reakciju sjedinjavanja sa kiseonikom (recimo oksidacijom <a href="/wiki/Alkoholi" title="Alkoholi">alkohola</a> nastaje <a href="/wiki/Aldehid" title="Aldehid">aldehid</a> a daljom oksidacijom aldehida <a href="/wiki/Kiselina" title="Kiselina">kiselina</a>), što se izražava <a href="/wiki/Oksidacioni_broj" title="Oksidacioni broj">oksidacionim brojem</a>. Najšire shvaćena oksidacija predstavlja gubitak elektrona. Recimo, anodna oksidacija je proces u kojem se molekul (ili jon) oksiduje tako što (umesto kiseoniku) preda elektron anodi. </p><p>Jaka oksidaciona sredstva imaju izraziti afinitet prema elektronu: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroksid" title="Peroksid">Peroksidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superoksid" title="Superoksid">Superoksidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiselina" title="Kiselina">kiseline</a> (npr. <a href="/wiki/Azotna_kiselina" title="Azotna kiselina">azotna kiselina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">Ozon</a>,</li> <li>Gasoviti <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">brom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">jod</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redukciona_sredstva">Redukciona sredstva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Redukciona sredstva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Redukciona sredstva"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Redukcija</b> je suprotan proces oksidaciji i, najšire shvaćena, predstavlja proces primanja elektrona. Na primer u katodnoj redukciji katjon primanjem jednog ili više elektrona redukuje se do čistog metala. Jasno je da je pitanje da li je neki proces oksidacija ili redukcija stvar stanovišta (da bi se nešto oksidovalo nešto treba i da se redukuje) pa se takve reakcije nazivaju <b>oksido-redukcione</b> i ceo proces oksido-redukcija. Dakle, u oksido-redukciji oksidans oksiduje, ali se pri tome sam redukuje. </p><p>U praksi neku reakciju nazivamo oksidacionom (posebno u <a href="/wiki/Organska_kemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Organska kemija">organskoj hemiji</a>), kada se struktura glavnog reaktanta i glavnog produkta razlikuju samo u tome, da je jedna mala grupa ili pojedinačni atom usled te reakcije povećao svoj <a href="/wiki/Oksidacioni_broj" title="Oksidacioni broj">oksidacioni broj</a>, na račun redukcije, obično neorganskog, prostog jedinjenja koje se u ovom slučaju naziva oksidaciono sredstvo. </p><p>Na primer: </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub></span>OH + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">O<sub>2</sub></span> → 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CH<sub>3</sub></span>COOH</dd></dl> <p>(C prelazi iz +1 u +3, a <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonik</a> iz 0 do -2), dakle, C se oksidovao a O redukovao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardni_redukcioni_potencijal">Standardni redukcioni potencijal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Standardni redukcioni potencijal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Standardni redukcioni potencijal"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <p>Redukcioni potencijal se koristi za računanje standardnog elektrodnog potencijala (E<sup>o</sup> ćelije). </p><p>Sledeća jednačina se najčešće nalazi u udžbenicima: <b>E<sup>o</sup>ćelije = E<sup>o</sup><sub>red</sub> + E<sup>o</sup><sub>oks</sub></b>. </p><p>gde: E<sup>o</sup>ćelije je standardni elektrodni potencijal (u voltima) </p><p>E<sup>o</sup><sub>red</sub> je standardni redukcioni potencijal redukujućeg agensa. </p><p>E<sup>o</sup><sub>oks</sub> (standardni oksidacioni potencijal) je negativna vrednost standardnog redukcionog potencijala oksidujućeg agensa. </p><p>Sledeća jednačina generalno korisnija jer su obično dati samo redukcioni potencijali, a ne oksidacioni potencijali: <b>E<sup>o</sup>ćelije = E<sup>o</sup><sub>red</sub> - E<sup>o</sup><sub>oks</sub></b> </p><p>ili ekvivalentno: <b>E<sup>o</sup>ćelije = E<sup>o</sup><sub>katoda</sub> - E<sup>o</sup><sub>anoda</sub></b> </p><p>gde: E<sup>o</sup>ćelije je standardni elektrodni potencijal (u voltima). </p><p>E<sup>o</sup><sub>red</sub> (E<sup>o</sup><sub>katoda</sub>) je standardni redukcioni potencijal redukujućeg agensa. </p><p>E<sup>o</sup><sub>oks</sub> (E<sup>o</sup><sub>anoda</sub>) je standardni redukcioni potencijal oksidujućeg agensa. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primeri_redoks_reakcija">Primeri redoks reakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Primeri redoks reakcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primeri redoks reakcija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41379810"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <p>Dobar primer je reakcija između <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodonika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluora</a> u kojoj se vodonik oksiduje, a fluor redukuje: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<sub>2</sub></span> → 2 HF</dd></dl> <p>Ova reakcija se može napisati kao dve polu-reakcije: </p><p>reakcija oksidacije: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span> → 2 H<sup>+</sup> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span></dd></dl> <p>i reakcija redukcije: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<sub>2</sub></span> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> → 2 F<sup>−</sup></dd></dl> <p>Analizirajući svaku polu-reakciju u izolaciji često se može pojasniti sveukupni hemijski proces. Pošto nema neto promene naboja tokom redoks reakcije, višak elektrona reakcije oksidacije mora biti jednak utrošku elektrona reakcije redukcije (kao što je prikazano gore). </p><p>Elementi, čak i u molekulskom obliku, uvek imaju nulto oksidaciono stanje. U prvoj polu-reakciji, vodonik se oksiduje iz oksidacionog stanja nula do oksidacionog stanja +1. U drugoj polu-reakciji, fluor se redukuje iz oksidacionog stanja nula do oksidacionog stanja −1. </p><p>Kada se reakcije saberu elektroni se ponište: </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td align="right"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span> </td> <td>→ </td> <td align="left">2 H<sup>+</sup> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<sub>2</sub></span> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> </td> <td>→ </td> <td align="left">2 F<sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<sub>2</sub></span> </td> <td>→ </td> <td align="left">2 H<sup>+</sup> + 2 F<sup>−</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>I joni se kombinuju da formiraju <a href="/wiki/Fluorovodonik" title="Fluorovodonik">vodonik fluorid</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<sub>2</sub></span> → 2 H<sup>+</sup> + 2 F<sup>−</sup> → 2 HF</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcije_premeštanja"><span id="Reakcije_preme.C5.A1tanja"></span>Reakcije premeštanja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Reakcije premeštanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reakcije premeštanja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redoks se javlja u reakcijama premeštanja ili <a href="/wiki/Supstitucija_(hemija)" title="Supstitucija (hemija)">supstitucije</a>. Redoks komponenta tih tipova reakcija je promena oksidacionog stanja (naboja) pojedinih atoma, a ne razmena atoma u jedinjenjima. </p><p>Na primer, u reakciji između <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">gvožđa</a> i rastvora <a href="/wiki/Bakar(II)_sulfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar(II) sulfat">bakar(II) sulfata</a> : </p> <dl><dd>Fe + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">CuSO<sub>4</sub></span> → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">FeSO<sub>4</sub></span> + Cu</dd></dl> <p>Jonska jednačina ove reakcije je: </p> <dl><dd>Fe + Cu<sup>2+</sup> → Fe<sup>2+</sup> + Cu</dd></dl> <p>Dve polu-jednačine, pokazuju da se gvožđe oksiduje: </p> <dl><dd>Fe → Fe<sup>2+</sup> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span></dd></dl> <p>i da se bakar redukuje: </p> <dl><dd>Cu<sup>2+</sup> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> → Cu</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugi_primeri">Drugi primeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Drugi primeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Drugi primeri"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:PyOx.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PyOx.JPG/220px-PyOx.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PyOx.JPG/330px-PyOx.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PyOx.JPG/440px-PyOx.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Rđanje gvožđa u kockama <a href="/wiki/Pirit" title="Pirit">pirita</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Oksidacija gvožđa(II) do gvožđa(III) <a href="/wiki/Vodonik_peroksid" title="Vodonik peroksid">vodonik peroksidom</a> u prisustvu kiseline:</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Fe<sup>2+</sup> → Fe<sup>3+</sup> + e<sup>−</sup></dd> <dd>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + 2 e<sup>−</sup> → 2 OH<sup>−</sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Ukupna jednačina:</dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2 Fe<sup>2+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sup>+</sup> → 2 Fe<sup>3+</sup> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Redukcija <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrata</a> do <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">azota</a> u prisustvu kiseline (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Denitrifikacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denitrifikacija (stranica ne postoji)">denitrifikacija</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 10 e<sup>−</sup> + 12 H<sup>+</sup> → N<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Oksidacija elementarnog gvožđa do gvožđe(III) oksida kiseonikom (poznata kao <a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">korozija</a>, što je slično sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potamnjivanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potamnjivanje (stranica ne postoji)">potamnjivanjem</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>4 Fe + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje">Sagorevanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugljikovodici" title="Ugljikovodici">ugljovodonika</a>, na primer u <a href="/wiki/Motor_s_unutra%C5%A1njim_sagorijevanjem" title="Motor s unutrašnjim sagorijevanjem">motoru sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem</a>, koje proizvodi <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugljen-dioksid" title="Ugljen-dioksid">ugljen dioksid</a>, neke parcijalno oksidovane forme kao što je <a href="/wiki/Ugljen_monoksid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljen monoksid">ugljen monoksid</a>, i toplotu <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a>. Kompletna oksidacija materijala koji sadrži <a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">ugljenik</a> proizvodi ugljen dioksid.</li> <li>U <a href="/wiki/Organska_kemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Organska kemija">organskoj hemiji</a>, postepena oksidacija ugljovodonika kiseonikom proizvodi vodu, i sukcesivno, <a href="/wiki/Alkoholi" title="Alkoholi">alkohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldehid" title="Aldehid">aldehid</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Keton" title="Keton">keton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karboksilne_kiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Karboksilne kiseline">karboksilnu kiselinu</a>, i zatim <a href="/wiki/Peroksid" title="Peroksid">peroksid</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redoks_reakcije_u_industriji">Redoks reakcije u industriji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Redoks reakcije u industriji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Redoks reakcije u industriji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redukovanja rude je primarni <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija" title="Metalurgija">metalurški</a> proces u proizvodnji <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metala</a>. </p><p>Oksidacija se koristi u širokom nizu industrija, kao što je produkcija proizvoda za čišćenje i oksidacija <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijaka</a> u proizvodnji <a href="/wiki/Azotna_kiselina" title="Azotna kiselina">azotne kiseline</a>, koja se zatim koristi za pravljenje <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ubrivo" title="Đubrivo">veštačkih đubriva</a>. </p><p>Redoks reakcije su osnova <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrohemijska_%C4%87elija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrohemijska ćelija (stranica ne postoji)">elektrohemijskih ćelija</a>. Jedan od najpoznatijih primera predstavljaju baterije, u kojima se redoks procesima hemijska energija pretvara u električnu. Proces <a href="/wiki/Galvanizacija" title="Galvanizacija">galvanizacije</a> koristi redoks reakcije za prekrivanje predmeta tankim slojem metala. Primeri takvih procesa su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hromiranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hromiranje (stranica ne postoji)">hromiranje</a> <a href="/wiki/Automobil" title="Automobil">automobilskih</a> delova, posrebravanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pribor_za_jelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pribor za jelo (stranica ne postoji)">pribora za jelo</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pozla%C4%87ivanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pozlaćivanje (stranica ne postoji)">pozlaćivanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Nakit" title="Nakit">nakita</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redoks_reakcije_u_biologiji">Redoks reakcije u biologiji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Redoks reakcije u biologiji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Redoks reakcije u biologiji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; margin:0.5em;"> <table border="0" width="150px" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 85%; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; margin: 0.3em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="askorbinska kiselina"><img alt="askorbinska kiselina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg/150px-Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg/225px-Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg/300px-Ascorbic_acid_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="0" width="150px" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 85%; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; margin: 0.3em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="dehidroaskorbinska kiselina"><img alt="dehidroaskorbinska kiselina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg/150px-Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg/225px-Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg/300px-Dehydroascorbic_acid_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="border: none; width:150px;"><div class="thumbcaption"><small>Gore: <a href="/wiki/Askorbinska_kiselina" title="Askorbinska kiselina">askorbinska kiselina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Redukuju%C4%87i_agens" title="Redukujući agens">redukovana forma</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamina C</a>)<br />Dole: <a href="/wiki/Dehidroaskorbinska_kiselina" title="Dehidroaskorbinska kiselina">dehidroaskorbinska kiselina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oksidans" title="Oksidans">oksidovana forma</a> <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamina C</a>)</small></div></div></div> <p>Mnogi važni <a href="/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija">biološki</a> procesi obuhvataju redoks reakcije. Na primer, <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijsko_disanje" title="Ćelijsko disanje">ćelijska respiracija</a> je oksidacija <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukoze</a> (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) do <a href="/wiki/Ugljen-dioksid" title="Ugljen-dioksid">CO<sub>2</sub></a> i redukcija <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonika</a> do <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>. Zbirna reakcija ćelijske respiracije je: </p> <dl><dd>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6 O<sub>2</sub> → 6 CO<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Proces ćelijske respiracije je takođe u znatnoj meri zavistan od redukcije <a href="/wiki/NAD%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="NAD+">NAD<sup>+</sup></a> do NADH, kao i od reverzne reakcije (oksidacije NADH do NAD<sup>+</sup>). <a href="/wiki/Fotosinteza" title="Fotosinteza">Fotosinteza</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijska_respiracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ćelijska respiracija">ćelijska respiracija</a> su komplementarne, mada fotosinteza nije reverzna reakcija ćelijske respiracije: </p> <dl><dd>6 CO<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O + <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">svetlosna energija</a> → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6 O<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Biološka energija se frekventno skladišti i oslobađa putem redoks reakcija. <a href="/wiki/Fotosinteza" title="Fotosinteza">Fotosinteza</a> obuhvata redukciju <a href="/wiki/Ugljen-dioksid" title="Ugljen-dioksid">ugljen dioksida</a> u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer">šećere</a> i oksidaciju <a href="/wiki/Voda_(molekul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voda (molekul)">vode</a> u molekulski <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonik</a>. Suprotna reakcija, <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijsko_disanje" title="Ćelijsko disanje">respiracija</a>, oksiduje šećere i proizvodi ugljen dioksid i vodu. U među koracima, redukovana ugljenična jedinjenja se koriste za redukovanje <a href="/wiki/Nikotinamid_adenin_dinukleotid" title="Nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid">nikotinamid adenin dinukleotida</a> (NAD<sup>+</sup>), koji zatim doprinosi stvaranju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrohemijski_gradijent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrohemijski gradijent (stranica ne postoji)">protonskog gradijenta</a> kojim se pokreće sinteza <a href="/wiki/Adenozin-trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenozin-trifosfat">adenozin-trifosfata</a> (ATP). On se održava redukcijom kiseonika. U životinjskim ćelijama, <a href="/wiki/Mitohondrije" title="Mitohondrije">mitohondrija</a> vrši slične funkcije. </p><p>Reakcije <a href="/wiki/Slobodni_radikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Slobodni radikal">slobodnih radikala</a> su redoks reakcije koje se javljaju kao deo <a href="/wiki/Homeostaza" title="Homeostaza">homeostazae</a> i ubijanja mikroorganizama. Kod ovih reakcija jedan elektron se odvaja od molekula. Slobodni radikali mogu da postanu štetni za ljudsko telo ako se ne vežu za redoks molekul ili <a href="/wiki/Antioksidans" title="Antioksidans">antioksidans</a>. Slobodni radikali mogu da izazovu ćelijske <a href="/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija">mutacije</a> i uzrokuju <a href="/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rak (bolest)">kancer</a>. </p><p>Termin <b>redoks stanje</b> se često koristi za označavanje balansa <a href="/wiki/Nikotinamid_adenin_dinukleotid" title="Nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid">NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nikotinamid_adenin_dinukleotid_fosfat" title="Nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid fosfat">NADP<sup>+</sup>/NADPH</a> u biološkim sistemu kao što je ćelija ili organ. Redoks stanje se ogleda u balansu nekoliko grupa metabolita (npr., <a href="/wiki/Mle%C4%8Dna_kiselina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlečna kiselina">laktat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Piruvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Piruvat">piruvat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-hidroksibutirat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-hidroksibutirat (stranica ne postoji)">beta-hidroksibutirat</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetoacetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetoacetat (stranica ne postoji)">acetoacetat</a>). Abnormalno redoks stanje se može razviti u niz štetnih situacija, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Hipoksija" title="Hipoksija">hipoksija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ok_(cirkulatorni)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šok (cirkulatorni) (stranica ne postoji)">šok</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Sepsa" title="Sepsa">sepsa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redoks_kruženje"><span id="Redoks_kru.C5.BEenje"></span>Redoks kruženje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Redoks kruženje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Redoks kruženje"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veliki broj različitih <a href="/wiki/Aromati%C4%8Dnost" title="Aromatičnost">aromatičnih jedinjenja</a> se <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzimatski</a> redukuje da formira <a href="/wiki/Radikal_(hemija)" title="Radikal (hemija)">slobodne radikale</a> koji sadrže jedan elektron više nego početna jedinjenja. U opštem slučaju, donor elektrona je bilo koji od širokog niza flavoenzima i njihovih <a href="/wiki/Koenzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Koenzim">koenzima</a>. Nakon formiranja, ti anjonski slobodni radikali redukuju molekulski kiseonik do <a href="/wiki/Superoksid" title="Superoksid">superoksida</a>, i regenerišu nepromenjeno početno jedinjenje. Neto reakcija je oksidacija flavoenzimskih koenzima i redukcija molekulskog kiseonika do superoksidne forme. Ovoj katalitički proces se opisuje kao beskoristan ciklus ili redoks cirkulacija. </p><p>Primeri molekula koji indukuju ovoj proces su <a href="/wiki/Herbicid" title="Herbicid">herbicid</a> <a href="/wiki/Parakvat" title="Parakvat">parakvat</a> i drugi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viologen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viologen (stranica ne postoji)">viologeni</a>, kao i <a href="/wiki/Hinon" title="Hinon">hinoni</a> poput <a href="/wiki/Menadion" title="Menadion">menadiona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redoks_reakcije_u_geologiji">Redoks reakcije u geologiji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Redoks reakcije u geologiji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Redoks reakcije u geologiji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:UraniumMineUtah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UraniumMineUtah.JPG/220px-UraniumMineUtah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UraniumMineUtah.JPG/330px-UraniumMineUtah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UraniumMineUtah.JPG/440px-UraniumMineUtah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Rudnik <a href="/wiki/Uranijum" title="Uranijum">uranijuma</a>, blizo <a href="/wiki/Moab,_Utah" title="Moab, Utah">Moaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>. Alternirajući crveni i belo/zeleni <a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1%C4%8Dar" title="Peščar">peščar</a> je posledica oksidujućih i redukujućih uslova u redoks hemiji površinske vode.</figcaption></figure> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija">geologiji</a>, redoks reakcije su važne za formiranje minerala, njihovu mobilizaciju, kao i u nekim sedimentacionim sredinama. U opštem slučaju, redoks stanje većine stena se može videti po njihovoj boji. Crvena boja se vezuje za oksidujuće uslove formiranja, dok se zelena tipično vezuje za redukujuće uslove. Bele (pobelele stene) takođe mogu biti vezane za redukujuće uslove. Poznati primer redoks uslova sa uticajem na redoks procese su naslage uranijuma i Navaho peščar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balansiranje_redoks_reakcija">Balansiranje redoks reakcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Balansiranje redoks reakcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Balansiranje redoks reakcija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Za opisivanje <a href="/wiki/Elektrokemija" title="Elektrokemija">elektrohemijske</a> reakcije redoks procesa neophodno je da se polu-reakcije oksidacije i redukcije balansiraju. U opštem slučaju, za reakcije u vodenom rastvoru, dodaju se <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">H<sup>+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">OH<sup>−</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Voda_(molekul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voda (molekul)">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> da bi se kompenzovale oksidacione promene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kisela_sredina">Kisela sredina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Kisela sredina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kisela sredina"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U kiseloj sredini, <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span> joni i voda se dodaju polu reakcijama da bi se balansilara celokupna reakcija. </p><p>Na primer, kad <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>(II) reaguje sa <a href="/wiki/Natrijum_bizmutat" title="Natrijum bizmutat">natrijum bizmutatom</a>: </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>Nebalansirana reakcija: </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>2−</sup></span>(aq) + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NaBiO<sub>3</sub></span>(s) → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Bi<sup>3−</sup></span>(aq) + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub></span><sup>−</sup> (aq) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oksidacija: </td> <td>4 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>(l) + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>2−</sup></span>(aq) → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub>-</span>(aq) + 8 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span>(aq) + 5 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Redukcija: </td> <td>2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> + 6 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">BiO<sub>3</sub>-</span>(s) → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Bi<sup>3−</sup></span>(aq) + 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>(l) </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Reakcija se balansira skaliranjem dve polu reakcije tako da učestvuje isti broj elektrona: </p> <dl><dd>8 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>(l) + 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>2−</sup></span>(aq) → 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub>-</span>(aq) + 16 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span>(aq) + 10 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span></dd> <dd>10 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> + 30 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span> + 5 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">BiO<sub>3</sub>-</span>(s) → 5 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Bi<sup>3−</sup></span>(aq) + 15 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>(l)</dd></dl> <p>Dodavanjem ove dve reakcije eliminišu se elektronski članovi i dobija se balansirana reakcija: </p> <dl><dd>14 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sup>−</sup></span>(aq) + 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mn<sup>2−</sup></span>(aq) + 5 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NaBiO<sub>3</sub></span>(s) → 7 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span>(l) + 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub>-</span>(aq) + 5 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Bi<sup>3−</sup></span>(aq) + 5 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na<sup>−</sup></span>(aq)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bazna_sredina">Bazna sredina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Bazna sredina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bazna sredina"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U baznoj sredini, dodaju se <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">OH<sup>−</sup></a> joni i voda polu reakcijama da bi se balansirala reakcija. </p><p>Na primer, u reakciji između <a href="/wiki/Kalijum_permanganat" title="Kalijum permanganat">kalijum permanganata</a> i <a href="/wiki/Natrijum_sulfit" title="Natrijum sulfit">natrijum sulfit</a>: </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>Nebalansirana reakcija: </td> <td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">KMnO<sub>4</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span> + KOH </td></tr> <tr> <td>Redukcija: </td> <td>3 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub></span><sup>−</sup> → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span> + 4 OH<sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oksidacija: </td> <td>2 OH<sup>−</sup> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">SO<sub>3</sub></span><sup>2−</sup> → <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">SO<sub>4</sub></span><sup>2−</sup> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> + 2 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Balansiranje broja elektrona u dve polu reakcije daje: </p> <dl><dd>6 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span> + 4 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> + 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>4</sub></span><sup>−</sup> → 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span> + 8 OH<sup>−</sup></dd> <dd>6 OH<sup>−</sup> + 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">SO<sub>3</sub></span><sup>2−</sup> → 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">SO<sub>4</sub></span><sup>2−</sup> + 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> + 6 <span class="unicode;" style="white-space:nowrap;">e<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Dodavanjem te dve polu reakcije formira se balansirana reakcija: </p> <dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">KMnO<sub>4</sub></span> + 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></span> + <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span> → 2 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">MnO<sub>2</sub></span> + 3 <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span> + 2 KOH</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schüring, J., Schulz, H. D., Fischer, W. R., Böttcher, J., Duijnisveld, W. H. (editors)(1999). Redox: Fundamentals, Processes and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 246 pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-3-540-66528-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-3-540-66528-1">978-3-540-66528-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atkins7th-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Atkins7th_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula (2001). <i>Physical Chemistry</i> (7th edition izd.). W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0716735393" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0716735393">0716735393</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Peter+Atkins%2C+Julio+de+Paula&rft.au=Peter+Atkins%2C+Julio+de+Paula&rft.date=2001&rft.edition=7th+edition&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.isbn=0716735393&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McQuarrie1st-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McQuarrie1st_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Donald A. McQuarrie, John D. Simon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed075p545"><i>Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach</i></a> (1st edition izd.). University Science Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0935702997" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0935702997">0935702997</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Chemistry%3A+A+Molecular+Approach&rft.aulast=Donald+A.+McQuarrie%2C+John+D.+Simon&rft.au=Donald+A.+McQuarrie%2C+John+D.+Simon&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=1st+edition&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.isbn=0935702997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1021%2Fed075p545&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Robertson William (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hIzuarlXtH4C&pg=PA82&dq=confusing"><i>More Chemistry Basics</i></a>. National Science Teachers Association. str. 82. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-936137-74-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-936137-74-9">978-1-936137-74-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Chemistry+Basics&rft.aulast=Robertson+William&rft.au=Robertson+William&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B82&rft.pub=National+Science+Teachers+Association&rft.isbn=978-1-936137-74-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhIzuarlXtH4C%26pg%3DPA82%26dq%3Dconfusing&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chemistry_ConceptsAndApplications-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chemistry_ConceptsAndApplications_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Phillips John, Strozak Victor, Wistrom Cheryl (2000). <i>Chemistry: Concepts and Applications</i>. Glencoe McGraw-Hill. str. 558. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0028282107" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0028282107">978-0028282107</a>. »Students often are confused when associating reduction with the gain of electrons.«</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+Concepts+and+Applications&rft.aulast=Phillips+John%2C+Strozak+Victor%2C+Wistrom+Cheryl&rft.au=Phillips+John%2C+Strozak+Victor%2C+Wistrom+Cheryl&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B558&rft.pub=Glencoe+McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=978-0028282107&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodgers-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodgers_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Rodgers Glen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=g_ybia0hGw8C&pg=PA330"><i>Descriptive Inorganic, Coordination, and Solid-State Chemistry</i></a>. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. str. 330. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-8400-6846-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-8400-6846-0">978-0-8400-6846-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Descriptive+Inorganic%2C+Coordination%2C+and+Solid-State+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Rodgers+Glen&rft.au=Rodgers+Glen&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B330&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole%2C+Cengage+Learning&rft.isbn=978-0-8400-6846-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg_ybia0hGw8C%26pg%3DPA330&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zumhahl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zumhahl_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Zumdahl Steven, Zumdahl Susan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IdhYqXy37KIC&pg=PA160"><i>Chemistry</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin. str. 160. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-547-05405-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-547-05405-6">978-0-547-05405-6</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry&rft.aulast=Zumdahl+Steven%2C+Zumdahl+Susan&rft.au=Zumdahl+Steven%2C+Zumdahl+Susan&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B160&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.isbn=978-0-547-05405-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIdhYqXy37KIC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="PDFlink"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioscience.org/2000/v5/d/gutier/gutier.pdf">„gutier.doc”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 30. 6. 2008</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=gutier.doc&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioscience.org%2F2000%2Fv5%2Fd%2Fgutier%2Fgutier.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Oksido-redukcija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> (2.76 MB)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krebsov_ciklus" title="Krebsov ciklus">Krebsov ciklus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrokemija" title="Elektrokemija">Elektrohemija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektroliza" title="Elektroliza">Elektroliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvanski_element" title="Galvanski element">Galvanski element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membranski_potencijal" title="Membranski potencijal">Membranski potencijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksidativna_fosforilacija" title="Oksidativna fosforilacija">Oksidativna fosforilacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redukuju%C4%87i_agens" title="Redukujući agens">Redukujući agens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spoljašnje_veze"><span id="Spolja.C5.A1nje_veze"></span>Spoljašnje veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Spoljašnje veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksido-redukcija&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Spoljašnje veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeleychurchill.com/software/chembal.php">Balansiranje hemijskih reakcija</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/advanced/redox/redoxcalc.html">Kalkulator redoks reakcija</a></li></ul> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Redox_reactions" title="commons:Category:Redox reactions"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Redox_reactions" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Redox reactions">Oksido-redukcija</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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