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<span>Territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Territorial evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provincial_legislature_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_legislature_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Provincial legislature buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_legislature_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_legislature_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_legislature_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Territorial legislature buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_legislature_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Map" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Map"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Map</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Provincial political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ceremonial territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_provinces_and_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_provinces_and_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Proposed provinces and territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_provinces_and_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Provinces and territories of Canada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsies_en_gebiede_van_Kanada" title="Provinsies en gebiede van Kanada – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Provinsies en gebiede van Kanada" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadisc_underricu" title="Canadisc underricu – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Canadisc underricu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="مقاطعات وأقاليم كندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطعات وأقاليم كندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%98%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%A3_%DC%98%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܗܘܦܪܟܝܣ ܘܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܩܢܕܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܘܦܪܟܝܣ ܘܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܩܢܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="কানাডাৰ প্ৰদেশ আৰু ভূখণ্ড সমূহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কানাডাৰ প্ৰদেশ আৰু ভূখণ্ড সমূহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan%C4%B1n_%C9%99yal%C9%99t_v%C9%99_%C9%99razil%C9%99ri" title="Kanadanın əyalət və əraziləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanadanın əyalət və əraziləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کانادا اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کانادا اوستانلاری و اراضیلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_miwah_wewengkon_Kanada" title="Propinsi miwah wewengkon Kanada – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Propinsi miwah wewengkon Kanada" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="কানাডার প্রদেশ ও অধীনস্থ অঞ্চলসমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানাডার প্রদেশ ও অধীনস্থ অঞ্চলসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_%C3%AA_s%C3%A9ng_kap_l%C3%A9ng-th%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Canada ê séng kap léng-thó͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Canada ê séng kap léng-thó͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Правінцыі і тэрыторыі Канады – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Правінцыі і тэрыторыі Канады" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कनाडा के प्रांत आ राज्यक्षेत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कनाडा के प्रांत आ राज्यक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinzn_und_Territorien_vo_Kanada" title="Provinzn und Territorien vo Kanada – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Provinzn und Territorien vo Kanada" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrajine_i_teritorije_Kanade" title="Pokrajine i teritorije Kanade – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pokrajine i teritorije Kanade" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provi%C3%B1so%C3%B9_ha_tiriado%C3%B9_Kanada" title="Proviñsoù ha tiriadoù Kanada – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Proviñsoù ha tiriadoù Kanada" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_i_territoris_del_Canad%C3%A0" title="Províncies i territoris del Canadà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Províncies i territoris del Canadà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleithiau_a_thiriogaethau_Canada" title="Taleithiau a thiriogaethau Canada – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taleithiau a thiriogaethau Canada" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadas_provinser_og_territorier" title="Canadas provinser og territorier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Canadas provinser og territorier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinzen_und_Territorien_Kanadas" title="Provinzen und Territorien Kanadas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Provinzen und Territorien Kanadas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC" title="Επαρχίες και εδάφη του Καναδά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επαρχίες και εδάφη του Καναδά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincoj_kaj_teritorioj_de_Kanado" title="Provincoj kaj teritorioj de Kanado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provincoj kaj teritorioj de Kanado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadaren_Probintziak_eta_Lurraldeak" title="Kanadaren Probintziak eta Lurraldeak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanadaren Probintziak eta Lurraldeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="استان‌ها و قلمروهای کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان‌ها و قلمروهای کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_et_territoires_du_Canada" title="Provinces et territoires du Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Provinces et territoires du Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsjes_en_territoaria_fan_Kanada" title="Provinsjes en territoaria fan Kanada – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Provinsjes en territoaria fan Kanada" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAig%C3%AD_agus_cr%C3%ADocha_Cheanada" title="Cúigí agus críocha Cheanada – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúigí agus críocha Cheanada" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_e_territorios_do_Canad%C3%A1" title="Provincias e territorios do Canadá – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Provincias e territorios do Canadá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="캐나다의 주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կանադայի մարզեր ու տարածքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանադայի մարզեր ու տարածքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कनाडा के प्रान्त और राज्यक्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कनाडा के प्रान्त और राज्यक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrajine_i_teritoriji_Kanade" title="Pokrajine i teritoriji Kanade – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pokrajine i teritoriji Kanade" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_dan_wilayah_di_Kanada" title="Provinsi dan wilayah di Kanada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi dan wilayah di Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_e_territori_del_Canada" title="Province e territori del Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Province e territori del Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="הפרובינציות והטריטוריות של קנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרובינציות והטריטוריות של קנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaptar_provinsi_lan_teritori_Kanada" title="Dhaptar provinsi lan teritori Kanada – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhaptar provinsi lan teritori Kanada" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadami_nunatat_killeqarfiillu" title="Canadami nunatat killeqarfiillu – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Canadami nunatat killeqarfiillu" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კანადის პროვინციები და ტერიტორიები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანადის პროვინციები და ტერიტორიები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Канада провинциялары мен территориялары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Канада провинциялары мен территориялары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinciae_et_territoria_Canadae" title="Provinciae et territoria Canadae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Provinciae et territoria Canadae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%C4%81das_provinces_un_teritorijas" title="Kanādas provinces un teritorijas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kanādas provinces un teritorijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ABnzen_an_Territoir%C3%AB_vu_Kanada" title="Provënzen an Territoirë vu Kanada – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Provënzen an Territoirë vu Kanada" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanados_provincijos_ir_teritorijos" title="Kanados provincijos ir teritorijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanados provincijos ir teritorijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Покраини и територии во Канада – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Покраини и територии во Канада" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="कॅनडाचे प्रांत व प्रदेश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅनडाचे प्रांत व प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კანადაშ პროვინციეფი დო ტერიტორიეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კანადაშ პროვინციეფი დო ტერიტორიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_dan_wilayah_di_Kanada" title="Provinsi dan wilayah di Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Provinsi dan wilayah di Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကနေဒါနိုင်ငံရှိ ပြည်နယ်များနှင့် နယ်မြေများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကနေဒါနိုင်ငံရှိ ပြည်နယ်များနှင့် နယ်မြေများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestuurlijke_indeling_van_Canada" title="Bestuurlijke indeling van Canada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bestuurlijke indeling van Canada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9E" title="カナダの州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダの州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadas_provinser_og_territorier" title="Canadas provinser og territorier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadas provinser og territorier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_e_territ%C3%B2ris_de_Canad%C3%A0" title="Províncias e territòris de Canadà – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Províncias e territòris de Canadà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਨੇਡਾ ਦੇ ਸੂਬੇ ਅਤੇ ਰਾਜਖੇਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਨੇਡਾ ਦੇ ਸੂਬੇ ਅਤੇ ਰਾਜਖੇਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%92" title="کینیڈا دے صوبے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کینیڈا دے صوبے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_e_territ%C3%B3rios_do_Canad%C3%A1" title="Províncias e territórios do Canadá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Províncias e territórios do Canadá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Провинции и территории Канады – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Провинции и территории Канады" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_an_territories_o_Canadae" title="Provinces an territories o Canadae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Provinces an territories o Canadae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincat_dhe_territoret_e_Kanadas%C3%AB" title="Provincat dhe territoret e Kanadasë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Provincat dhe territoret e Kanadasë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Provinces and territories of Canada" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%DB%BD_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ڪينيڊا جا صوبا ۽ علائقا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪينيڊا جا صوبا ۽ علائقا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Покрајине и територије Канаде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Покрајине и територије Канаде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadske_provincije_i_teritorije" title="Kanadske provincije i teritorije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kanadske provincije i teritorije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan_provinssit_ja_territoriot" title="Kanadan provinssit ja territoriot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanadan provinssit ja territoriot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadas_provinser_och_territorier" title="Kanadas provinser och territorier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanadas provinser och territorier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கனடிய மாகாணங்களும் ஆட்புலங்களும் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடிய மாகாணங்களும் ஆட்புலங்களும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐและดินแดนของประเทศแคนาดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐและดินแดนของประเทศแคนาดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada%27n%C4%B1n_eyaletleri_ve_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Kanada'nın eyaletleri ve bölgeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanada'nın eyaletleri ve bölgeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Провінції і території Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Провінції і території Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%92_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کینیڈا کے صوبے اور علاقہ جات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینیڈا کے صوبے اور علاقہ جات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%89nh_bang_v%C3%A0_l%C3%A3nh_th%E1%BB%95_c%E1%BB%A7a_Canada" title="Tỉnh bang và lãnh thổ của Canada – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tỉnh bang và lãnh thổ của Canada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsjes_en_territoria_van_Canada" title="Provinsjes en territoria van Canada – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Provinsjes en territoria van Canada" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="加拿大行政区划 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Top-level subdivisions of Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Canadian Province" redirects here. For the historic colony, see <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>. For the biological term, see <a href="/wiki/Circumboreal_Region" title="Circumboreal Region">Circumboreal Region</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Provinces and territories of Canada</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A map of Canada showing its 10 provinces and 3 territories"><img alt="A map of Canada showing its 10 provinces and 3 territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Political_map_of_Canada.svg/350px-Political_map_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Political_map_of_Canada.svg/525px-Political_map_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Political_map_of_Canada.svg/700px-Political_map_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">Federated state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>10 provinces</li><li>3 territories</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Canadian Constitution</a>. In the 1867 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>, three provinces of <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>—<a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> (which upon Confederation was divided into <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>)—united to form a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>, becoming a fully <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independent country</a> over the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times as it has added territories and provinces, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">world's second-largest country</a> by area. </p><p>The major difference between a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territory</a> is that provinces receive their power and authority from the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i> (formerly<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called the <i><a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Acts" title="British North America Acts">British North America Act, 1867</a></i>), whereas territories are <a href="/wiki/Federal_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal territories">federal territories</a> whose governments are <a href="/wiki/Creature_of_statute" title="Creature of statute">creatures of statute</a> with powers delegated to them by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>. The powers flowing from the <i>Constitution Act</i> are divided between the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> (the federal government) and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Canada" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Canada">constitutional amendment</a>, whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> or government. </p><p>In modern <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Canadian constitutional theory</a>, the provinces are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">co-sovereign</a> within certain areas based on the divisions of responsibility between the provincial and federal government within the <i>Constitution Act, 1867</i>, and each province thus has its own representative of the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Crown</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant Governor (Canada)">lieutenant governor</a>. The territories are not sovereign, but instead their authorities and responsibilities are <a href="/wiki/Devolution#Canada" title="Devolution">devolved</a> directly from the federal level, and as a result, have a <a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">commissioner</a> that represents the federal government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provinces">Provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Area columns use data from 2005 and may need to be updated.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto; text-align: center;"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Provinces of Canada</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Name and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_abbreviations_for_provinces_and_territories" title="Canadian postal abbreviations for provinces and territories">postal <abbr title="abbreviation">abbr.</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Cities </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Entered Confederation<sup id="cite_ref-(Canada)2004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(Canada)2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Official<br />language(s)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Population </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="3">Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Seats<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Capital<sup id="cite_ref-canada1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Largest<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">2021 census<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Q2 2024<br />estimates<sup id="cite_ref-pop_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Land </th> <th scope="col">Water </th> <th scope="col">Total </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Commons</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </th> <td>ON </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001867-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1867</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-english_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">14,223,942</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">15,996,989</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">917,741</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">158,654</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,076,395</div> </td> <td>121 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </th> <td>QC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001867-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1867</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_French" title="Quebec French">French</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,501,833</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">9,030,684</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,356,128</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">185,928</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,542,056</div> </td> <td>78 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </th> <td>NS </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001867-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1867</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-english_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">969,383</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,072,545</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">53,338</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,946</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">55,284</div> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </th> <td>NB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001867-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1867</span> </td> <td>English, French<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">775,610</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">850,894</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">71,450</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,458</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">72,908</div> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </th> <td>MB </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001870-07-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 15, 1870</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-english_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,342,153</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,484,135</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">553,556</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">94,241</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">647,797</div> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </th> <td>BC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001871-07-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 20, 1871</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-english_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,000,879</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,646,467</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">925,186</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">19,549</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">944,735</div> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> </th> <td>PE </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown">Charlottetown</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001873-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1873</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-english_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">154,331</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">177,081</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,660</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">0</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,660</div> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </th> <td>SK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001905-09-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 1, 1905</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-abandsk_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abandsk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,132,505</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,231,043</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">591,670</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">59,366</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">651,036</div> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </th> <td>AB </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001905-09-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 1, 1905</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-abandsk_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abandsk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">4,262,635</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">4,849,906</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">642,317</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">19,531</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">661,848</div> </td> <td>34 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> </th> <td>NL </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001949-03-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 31, 1949</span> </td> <td>English<sup id="cite_ref-english_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">510,550</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">541,391</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">373,872</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">31,340</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">405,212</div> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" colspan="6">Total provinces </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007368738210000000♠">36,873,821</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007408811350000000♠">40,881,135</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006549091800000000♠">5,490,918</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005572013000000000♠">572,013</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006606293100000000♠">6,062,931</span></div> </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002335000000000000♠">335</span> </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002102000000000000♠">102</span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territories">Territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They include all of mainland Canada north of <a href="/wiki/60th_parallel_north" title="60th parallel north">latitude 60° north</a> and west of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> and all islands north of the Canadian mainland (from those in <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Queen Elizabeth Islands</a>). The following table lists the territories in order of precedence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The concept of precedence has not been introduced or explained in this article. It is not clear from context what this means. (April 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (each province has precedence over all the territories, regardless of the date each territory was created). </p><p>Another territory, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Keewatin" title="District of Keewatin">District of Keewatin</a>, existed from October 7, 1876, until September 1, 1905, when it rejoined the Northwest Territories and became the <a href="/wiki/Keewatin_Region" title="Keewatin Region">Keewatin Region</a>. It occupied the area that is now the <a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora District</a> of Ontario, northern Manitoba, and mainland Nunavut. The government of Keewatin was based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The territory did not have any representation in federal parliament. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Territories of Canada</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Name and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_abbreviations_for_provinces_and_territories" title="Canadian postal abbreviations for provinces and territories">postal <abbr title="abbreviation">abbr.</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Cities<sup id="cite_ref-canada1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Entered Confederation<sup id="cite_ref-(Canada)2004_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(Canada)2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Official languages </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Population<sup id="cite_ref-pop_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="3">Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Seats<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">Capital </th> <th scope="col">Largest </th> <th scope="col">2021 census<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan2021_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Q2 2024<br />estimates<sup id="cite_ref-pop_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Land </th> <th scope="col">Water </th> <th scope="col">Total </th> <th><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Commons</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></span> </td> <td>NT </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001870-07-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 15, 1870</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a>, English, French, <a href="/wiki/Gwich%CA%BCin_language" title="Gwichʼin language">Gwichʼin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">North Slavey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">South Slavey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Tłįchǫ</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">41,070</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">44,920</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,183,085</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">163,021</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,346,106</div> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> </td> <td>YT </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001898-06-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 13, 1898</span> </td> <td>English, French<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">40,232</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">45,750</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">474,391</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,052</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">482,443</div> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> </td> <td>NU </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-04-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 1, 1999</span> </td> <td>Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, English, French<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">36,858</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">40,758</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,936,113</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">157,077</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">2,093,190</div> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" colspan="6">Total territories </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005118160000000000♠">118,160</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005131428000000000♠">131,428</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006359358900000000♠">3,593,589</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005328150000000000♠">328,150</span></div> </th> <th><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006392173900000000♠">3,921,739</span></div> </th> <th>3 </th> <th>3 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">Population of Canada by province and territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg/310px-2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg/465px-2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg/620px-2016_Canada_Pop_Pie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Breakdown of Canada's population from the 2016 census by province/territory</figcaption></figure> <p>The vast majority of Canada's population is concentrated in areas close to the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–US border</a>. Its four largest provinces by area (<a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>) are also (with Quebec and Ontario switched in order) its most populous; together they account for 86% of the country's population. The territories (the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>) account for over a third of Canada's area but are only home to 0.3% of its population, which skews the national <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> value.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canada's population grew by 5.0% between the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2011 Census">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2011</a> censuses. Except for <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, all territories and provinces increased in population during this time. In terms of percent change, the fastest-growing province or territory was <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> with an increase of 12.7% between 2011 and 2016, followed by <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> with 11.6% growth, while New Brunswick's population decreased by 0.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, Canadian provinces have steadily grown in population along with Canada. However, some provinces such as Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador have experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline. Ontario and Quebec have always been the two biggest provinces in Canada, with together over 60% of the population at any given time. The population of <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">the West</a> relative to Canada as a whole has steadily grown over time, while that of <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> has declined.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_evolution">Territorial evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Territorial evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution of Canada</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast, with vast territories in the interior. It grew by adding British Columbia in 1871, P.E.I. in 1873, the British Arctic Islands in 1880, and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile, its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/250px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/375px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/500px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Territorial evolution of the borders and the names of Canada's provinces and territories</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stained_glass,_Oh_Canada_Royal_Military_College_of_Canada_Club_Montreal_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stained_glass%2C_Oh_Canada_Royal_Military_College_of_Canada_Club_Montreal_1965.jpg/250px-Stained_glass%2C_Oh_Canada_Royal_Military_College_of_Canada_Club_Montreal_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Stained_glass%2C_Oh_Canada_Royal_Military_College_of_Canada_Club_Montreal_1965.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">O Canada</a> we stand on guard for thee"; stained glass, Yeo Hall, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a>; featuring arms of the Canadian provinces and territories as of 1965.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were the original provinces, formed when several British North American colonies federated on July 1, 1867, into the Dominion of Canada and by stages began accruing the indicia of sovereignty from the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajzenstat2003_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajzenstat2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, Ontario and Quebec were united as the Province of Canada. Over the following years, Manitoba (1870), British Columbia (1871), and Prince Edward Island (1873) were added as provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajzenstat2003_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajzenstat2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British Crown had claimed two large areas north-west of the Canadian colony, known as <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a>, and assigned them to the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>. In 1870, the company relinquished its claims for £300,000 (CND$1.5 million), assigning the vast territory to the government of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlsonShadle1996-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the area was re-organized into the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories.<sup id="cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlsonShadle1996-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North-West Territories encompassed all of current <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">northern</a> and western Canada, except for the British holdings in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Archipelago" title="Arctic Archipelago">Arctic islands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia</a>. NWT included the northern two-thirds of Ontario and Quebec. After the province of Manitoba was established in 1870, in a small area in the south of today's province, almost all of present-day Manitoba was still contained in the NWT. (Manitoba expanded to its present size in 1912.)<sup id="cite_ref-Gough2010_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gough2010-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British claims to the Arctic islands were transferred to Canada in 1880, adding to the size of the North-West Territories. In 1898 the Yukon Territory, later renamed "Yukon" in 2003, was carved from the area surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike gold fields</a>. On September 1, 1905, a portion of the North-West Territories south of the 60th parallel north became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gough2010_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gough2010-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, the boundaries of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba were expanded northward: Manitoba's to the 60° parallel, Ontario's to Hudson Bay and Quebec's to encompass the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Ungava" title="District of Ungava">District of Ungava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1869, the people of Newfoundland voted to remain a <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British colony</a> over fears that taxes would increase with Confederation, and that the economic policy of the Canadian government would favour mainland industries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, Newfoundland acquired dominion status.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke2010_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke2010-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Canada" title="Great Depression in Canada">Great Depression in Canada</a>, Newfoundland underwent a prolonged <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">economic crisis</a>, and the legislature turned over political control to the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Commission_of_Government" title="Newfoundland Commission of Government">Newfoundland Commission of Government</a> in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FriesenHarrison2010_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FriesenHarrison2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Canada during World War II">Canada's participation in the Second World War</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/1948_Newfoundland_referendums" title="1948 Newfoundland referendums">1948 referendum</a>, a narrow majority of Newfoundland citizens voted to join the Confederation, and on March 31, 1949, Newfoundland became Canada's tenth province.<sup id="cite_ref-Blake1994_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake1994-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelley2013_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelley2013-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, the last British North American colony,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been somewhat subordinated to Nova Scotia, was one of two <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortress</a> colonies in British North America –  the other being Nova Scotia, and more particularly the city of Halifax.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halifax and Bermuda were the sites of the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/North_America_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="North America Station">North America Station</a> (or, depending on the time period and the extent of the Western Hemisphere it included, the <i>River St. Lawrence and Coast of America and North America and West Indies Station</i>, the <i>North America and Newfoundland Station</i>, the <i>North America and West Indies Station</i>, and finally the <i>America and West Indies Station</i>) main bases, dockyards, and Admiralty Houses. The squadron of the station was based at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Halifax" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax">Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax</a>, during the summers and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Bermuda" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda">Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda</a>, in the winters until the 1820s, when Bermuda (which was better located to control the Atlantic Seaboard of the United States, impossible to attack over land, and almost impregnable against attack over water) became the main base year round.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Garrison" title="Bermuda Garrison">British Army garrison in Bermuda</a>, which fell under the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_North_America#Commanders-in-Chief,_Maritime_provinces_1783–1875" title="Commander-in-Chief, North America">commander-in-chief in Nova Scotia</a>, existed to defend the colony as a naval base (and to prevent it becoming as useful a base to the navy of an adversary), as well as to support amphibious operations throughout the region (such as the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_campaign" title="Chesapeake campaign">Chesapeake campaign</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of 1812">American War of 1812</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bermuda was consequently the most important British naval and military base in the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian confederation resulted in the Canadian Militia becoming responsible for the defence of the Maritimes, the abolition of the British Army's commander-in-chief there, and the reduction of British military forces in the Maritimes to a small garrison for the protection of the Halifax dockyard, which would be withdrawn when that dockyard was handed over to the Dominion government in 1905 for use by the new Canadian naval service. Britain retained control of Bermuda as an imperial fortress, with the governor and commander-in-chief of Bermuda (a military officer previously ranking between lieutenant-colonel and major-general) becoming a lieutenant-general termed a <i><a href="/wiki/General_officer_commanding" title="General officer commanding">general officer commanding</a></i> and the Bermuda garrison becoming a command in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bermuda was consequently left out of the confederation of Canada, though it retained naval links with Halifax and the <a href="/wiki/State_church" class="mw-redirect" title="State church">state church</a> (or <i>established church</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, continued to place Bermuda under the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Newfoundland" title="Diocese of Newfoundland">bishop of Newfoundland</a> until 1919 (Bermuda also remained linked to the Maritimes under the Methodist and Roman Catholic churches).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska Panhandle Dispute</a> fixed British Columbia's northwestern boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-Laxer2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laxer2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of only two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. The second reduction, in 1927, occurred when a <a href="/wiki/Labrador#Boundary_dispute" title="Labrador">boundary dispute</a> between Canada and the Dominion of Newfoundland saw Labrador enlarged at Quebec's expense; this land returned to Canada, as part of the province of Newfoundland, in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-Cukwurah1967_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cukwurah1967-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, Nunavut was created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories.<sup id="cite_ref-School2013_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School2013-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yukon lies in the western portion of Northern Canada, while Nunavut is in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuttall2012_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuttall2012-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada, covering 3,921,739 km<sup>2</sup> (1,514,192 sq mi) in land area.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCan_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often referred to as a single region, the North, for organizational and economic purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Development2002_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Development2002-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of the Northwest Territories' early history it was divided into <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Districts of the Northwest Territories">several districts</a> for ease of administration.<sup id="cite_ref-WaldmanBraun2009_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaldmanBraun2009-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The District of Keewatin was created as a separate territory from 1876 to 1905, after which, as the Keewatin Region, it became an administrative district of the Northwest Territories.<sup id="cite_ref-ForsythMuller2001_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForsythMuller2001-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, it was dissolved when it became part of Nunavut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Canadian federalism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office-holders_of_Canada" title="Office-holders of Canada">Office-holders of Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legislative_assemblies_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories">Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories</a></div> <p>Theoretically, provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, with jurisdiction over many <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">public goods</a> such as health care, education, welfare, and intra-provincial transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahler1987_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler1987-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They receive "<a href="/wiki/Transfer_payment" title="Transfer payment">transfer payments</a>" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-Peach2007_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peach2007-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, however, the federal government can use these transfer payments to influence these provincial areas. For instance, in order to receive healthcare funding under <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(Canada)" title="Medicare (Canada)">Medicare</a>, provinces must agree to meet certain federal mandates, such as universal access to required medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Peach2007_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peach2007-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Provincial and territorial legislatures have no second chamber like the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canadian Senate</a>. Originally, most provinces had such bodies, known as <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council#Part_of_a_bicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Council">legislative councils</a>, with members titled councillors. These upper houses were abolished one by one, Quebec's being the last in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Maclure2003wt_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maclure2003wt-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most provinces, the single house of the legislature is known as the Legislative Assembly; the exceptions are Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, where the chamber is called the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a>, and Quebec where it is called the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tidridge2011nm_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tidridge2011nm-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ontario has a legislative assembly but its members are called members of the Provincial Parliament or MPPs.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto2012_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto2012-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>. The head of government of each province, called the <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premier</a>, is generally the head of the party with the most seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnhart2004_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnhart2004-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the case in Yukon, but the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have no political parties at the territorial level.<sup id="cite_ref-Zellen2009iu_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zellen2009iu-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King's representative in each province is the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant Governor (Canada)">lieutenant governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tidridge2011po_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tidridge2011po-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In each of the territories there is an analogous <a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">commissioner</a>, but they represent the federal government rather than the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-PikeMcCreery2011fr_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PikeMcCreery2011fr-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Federal, provincial, and territorial terminology compared </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jurisdiction </th> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Lower house </th> <th>Members of lower house </th> <th>Superior court </th> <th>Head of government </th> <th>Viceroy </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Canada </th> <td>Parliament </td> <td>House of Commons </td> <td>Member of Parliament (MP) </td> <td>Federal Court </td> <td>Prime minister </td> <td>Governor general </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ontario </th> <td>Parliament </td> <td>Legislative Assembly </td> <td>Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP)<sup id="cite_ref-OLA2_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLA2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Superior Court of Justice </td> <td rowspan="10">Premier </td> <td rowspan="10">Lieutenant governor </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Quebec<sup id="cite_ref-National_Assembly_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Assembly-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>Legislature </td> <td>National Assembly </td> <td>Member of the National Assembly (MNA) </td> <td>Superior Court </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nova Scotia </th> <td rowspan="1">General Assembly </td> <td rowspan="1">House of Assembly </td> <td rowspan="7">Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) </td> <td rowspan="1">Supreme Court </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">New Brunswick </th> <td rowspan="2">Legislature </td> <td rowspan="6">Legislative Assembly </td> <td rowspan="2">Court of King's Bench </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Manitoba </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">British Columbia </th> <td rowspan="1">Parliament </td> <td rowspan="2">Supreme Court </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prince Edward Island<sup id="cite_ref-pei_la_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pei_la-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td rowspan="1">General Assembly </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Saskatchewan </th> <td rowspan="2">Legislature </td> <td rowspan="2">Court of King's Bench </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Alberta </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Newfoundland and Labrador </th> <td rowspan="1">General Assembly </td> <td rowspan="1">House of Assembly </td> <td>Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) </td> <td rowspan="1">Supreme Court </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Northwest Territories </th> <td>Assembly </td> <td rowspan="3">Legislative Assembly </td> <td rowspan="3">Member of the Legislative Assembly </td> <td rowspan="2">Supreme Court </td> <td rowspan="3">Premier<sup id="cite_ref-government_leader_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-government_leader-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3">Commissioner </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Yukon </th> <td>Legislature </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nunavut </th> <td>Assembly </td> <td>Court of Justice </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_legislature_buildings">Provincial legislature buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Provincial legislature buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alberta Legislature Building"><img alt="Alberta Legislature Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg/120px-2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg/180px-2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg/240px-2011_Alberta_Legislature_Building_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Legislature_Building" title="Alberta Legislature Building">Alberta Legislature Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="British Columbia Parliament Buildings"><img alt="British Columbia Parliament Buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings" title="British Columbia Parliament Buildings">British Columbia Parliament Buildings</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manitoba Legislative Building"><img alt="Manitoba Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/120px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/180px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/240px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="1499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Legislative_Building" title="Manitoba Legislative Building">Manitoba Legislative Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Brunswick_Legislature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Brunswick Legislative Building"><img alt="New Brunswick Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Brunswick_Legislature.png/120px-New_Brunswick_Legislature.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Brunswick_Legislature.png/180px-New_Brunswick_Legislature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/New_Brunswick_Legislature.png/240px-New_Brunswick_Legislature.png 2x" data-file-width="4770" data-file-height="3180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Legislative_Building" title="New Brunswick Legislative Building">New Brunswick Legislative Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Newfoundland and Labrador Confederation Building"><img alt="Newfoundland and Labrador Confederation Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/120px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/180px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/240px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4199" data-file-height="2799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Building_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Newfoundland and Labrador Confederation Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Province_House_(Nova_Scotia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nova Scotia Province House"><img alt="Nova Scotia Province House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg/120px-Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg/180px-Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg/240px-Province_House_%28Nova_Scotia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Province_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Province House (Nova Scotia)">Nova Scotia Province House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ontario_Legislative_Building,_Toronto,_South_view_20170417_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ontario Legislative Building"><img alt="Ontario Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg/120px-Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg/180px-Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg/240px-Ontario_Legislative_Building%2C_Toronto%2C_South_view_20170417_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6762" data-file-height="3804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Building" title="Ontario Legislative Building">Ontario Legislative Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Edward Island Province House"><img alt="Prince Edward Island Province House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG/120px-282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG/180px-282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG/240px-282_-_Birthplace_of_Canada_Charlottetown_PEI.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Province_House_(Prince_Edward_Island)" title="Province House (Prince Edward Island)">Prince Edward Island Province House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_City_(14765614666).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quebec Parliament Building"><img alt="Quebec Parliament Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg/120px-Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg/180px-Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg/240px-Quebec_City_%2814765614666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5452" data-file-height="3459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Building_(Quebec)" title="Parliament Building (Quebec)">Quebec Parliament Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saskatchewan Legislative Building"><img alt="Saskatchewan Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg/120px-Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg/180px-Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg/240px-Saskatchewan_legislative_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building" title="Saskatchewan Legislative Building">Saskatchewan Legislative Building</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_legislature_buildings">Territorial legislature buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Territorial legislature buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 489px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northwest Territories Legislative Building"><img alt="Northwest Territories Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg/120px-Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg/180px-Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg/240px-Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories_Legislative_Building" title="Northwest Territories Legislative Building">Northwest Territories Legislative Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nunavut Legislative Building"><img alt="Nunavut Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg/120px-Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg/180px-Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg/240px-Leg_Building_Iqaluit_2000-08-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4690" data-file-height="3138" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Building_of_Nunavut" title="Legislative Building of Nunavut">Nunavut Legislative Building</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yukon Legislative Building"><img alt="Yukon Legislative Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg/120px-Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg/180px-Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg/240px-Yukon_Legislature_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Legislative_Building" title="Yukon Legislative Building">Yukon Legislative Building</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Map">Map</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Map"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="center"><small><b>Clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals</b></small></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="A clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals."><img alt="A clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Political_map_of_Canada.png/620px-Political_map_of_Canada.png" decoding="async" width="620" height="536" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Political_map_of_Canada.png/930px-Political_map_of_Canada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Political_map_of_Canada.png/1240px-Political_map_of_Canada.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1107" usemap="#ImageMap_fbab079a4567ca71" resource="/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Canada.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_fbab079a4567ca71"><area href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" shape="circle" coords="68,385,10" alt="Victoria" title="Victoria" /><area href="/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon" shape="circle" coords="71,228,10" alt="Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse" /><area href="/wiki/Edmonton" shape="circle" coords="153,354,10" alt="Edmonton" title="Edmonton" /><area href="/wiki/Yellowknife" shape="circle" coords="179,262,10" alt="Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife" /><area href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" shape="circle" coords="208,404,10" alt="Regina" title="Regina" /><area href="/wiki/Winnipeg" shape="circle" coords="260,416,10" alt="Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg" /><area href="/wiki/Iqaluit" shape="circle" coords="401,236,10" alt="Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit" /><area href="/wiki/Toronto" shape="circle" coords="405,470,10" alt="Toronto" title="Toronto" /><area href="/wiki/Ottawa" shape="circle" coords="425,446,10" alt="Ottawa" title="Ottawa" /><area href="/wiki/Quebec_City" shape="circle" coords="454,416,10" alt="Quebec" title="Quebec" /><area href="/wiki/Fredericton" shape="circle" coords="494,411,10" alt="Fredericton" title="Fredericton" /><area href="/wiki/Charlottetown" shape="circle" coords="519,395,10" alt="Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown" /><area href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" shape="circle" coords="522,413,10" alt="Halifax" title="Halifax" /><area href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" shape="circle" coords="577,339,10" alt="St. John's" title="St. John's" /><area href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" shape="poly" coords="118,227,118,239,139,239,139,249,201,249,201,239,181,237,181,229,180,228" alt="Northwest Territories" title="Northwest Territories" /><area href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" shape="poly" coords="224,324,232,329,185,396,175,388" alt="Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan" /><area href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" shape="poly" coords="446,253,519,283,550,301,577,323,571,331,515,296,442,265" alt="Newfoundland and Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador" /><area href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" shape="poly" coords="499,435,472,435,472,446,443,447,443,458,498,458" alt="New Brunswick" title="New Brunswick" /><area href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" shape="rect" coords="33,385,64,394" alt="Victoria" title="Victoria" /><area href="/wiki/Yukon" shape="rect" coords="63,196,108,211" alt="Yukon" title="Yukon" /><area href="/wiki/British_Columbia" shape="rect" coords="63,286,127,315" alt="British Columbia" title="British Columbia" /><area href="/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon" shape="rect" coords="66,215,110,224" alt="Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse" /><area href="/wiki/Alberta" shape="rect" coords="128,328,178,341" alt="Alberta" title="Alberta" /><area href="/wiki/Edmonton" shape="rect" coords="130,359,170,368" alt="Edmonton" title="Edmonton" /><area href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" shape="rect" coords="179,405,205,415" alt="Regina" title="Regina" /><area href="/wiki/Yellowknife" shape="rect" coords="181,254,225,262" alt="Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife" /><area href="/wiki/Nunavut" shape="rect" coords="221,232,295,247" alt="Nunavut" title="Nunavut" /><area href="/wiki/Winnipeg" shape="rect" coords="233,403,270,413" alt="Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg" /><area href="/wiki/Manitoba" shape="rect" coords="233,343,299,362" alt="Manitoba" title="Manitoba" /><area href="/wiki/Ontario" shape="rect" coords="306,397,364,414" alt="Ontario" title="Ontario" /><area href="/wiki/Iqaluit" shape="rect" coords="373,225,399,235" alt="Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit" /><area href="/wiki/Ottawa" shape="rect" coords="390,443,421,452" alt="Ottawa" title="Ottawa" /><area href="/wiki/Quebec" shape="rect" coords="402,354,458,370" alt="Quebec" title="Quebec" /><area href="/wiki/Toronto" shape="rect" coords="411,469,441,478" alt="Toronto" title="Toronto" /><area href="/wiki/Quebec_City" shape="rect" coords="421,406,451,416" alt="Quebec City" title="Quebec City" /><area href="/wiki/Fredericton" shape="rect" coords="467,399,509,406" alt="Fredericton" title="Fredericton" /><area href="/wiki/Charlottetown" shape="rect" coords="498,382,552,390" alt="Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown" /><area href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" shape="rect" coords="517,427,554,449" alt="Nova Scotia" title="Nova Scotia" /><area href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" shape="rect" coords="524,415,552,423" alt="Halifax" title="Halifax" /><area href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" shape="rect" coords="554,381,591,410" alt="Prince Edward Island" title="Prince Edward Island" /><area href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" shape="rect" coords="567,342,592,358" alt="St. John's" title="St. John's" /></map><figcaption>A clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals.</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_political_parties">Provincial political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Provincial political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most provinces have rough provincial counterparts to major federal parties. However, these provincial parties are not usually formally linked to the federal parties that share the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2011_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2011-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, no provincial Conservative or Progressive Conservative Party shares an organizational link to the federal <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>, and neither do provincial Green Parties to the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a>. </p><p>Provincial New Democratic Parties, on the other hand, are fully integrated with the federal <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>—meaning that provincial parties effectively operate as sections, with common membership, of the federal party. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> shares such an organizational integration with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> provincial Liberals in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Liberal_Association" title="New Brunswick Liberal Association">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Nova Scotia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Liberal_Party" title="Prince Edward Island Liberal Party">Prince Edward Island</a>. Other provincial Liberal parties are unaffiliated with their federal counterpart.<sup id="cite_ref-Cross2011_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cross2011-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some provinces have provincial political parties with no clear federal equivalent, such as the <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Party" title="Alberta Party">Alberta Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a>. </p><p>The provincial political climate of Quebec is different: the main split is between <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">sovereignty</a>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_solidaire" title="Québec solidaire">Québec solidaire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_federalist_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec federalist ideology">federalism</a>, represented primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gagnon2000pm_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gagnon2000pm-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">Coalition Avenir Québec</a></span></span>, meanwhile, takes an abstentionist position on the question and does not support or oppose sovereignty. </p><p>Currently, the one minority provincial/territorial government is held by the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_Liberal_Party" title="Yukon Liberal Party">Liberals</a> in <a href="/wiki/2021_Yukon_general_election" title="2021 Yukon general election">Yukon</a>. They are in government with a formal <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> agreement from the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_New_Democratic_Party" title="Yukon New Democratic Party">Yukon New Democratic Party</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Provincial/territorial governments </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Province/territory </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premier</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Party in government<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Party main ideology </th> <th scope="col">Party political position </th> <th scope="col">Majority/<wbr />minority </th> <th>Party in Opposition </th> <th scope="col">Lieutenant governor / commissioner<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Last election </th> <th>Next election </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Alberta </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#005D7C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Conservative_Party" title="United Conservative Party">United Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> <span class="nowrap">to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a></span> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salma_Lakhani" title="Salma Lakhani">Salma Lakhani</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2023-05-29"><a href="/wiki/2023_Alberta_general_election" title="2023 Alberta general election">2023</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2027-05-31"><a href="/wiki/32nd_Alberta_general_election" title="32nd Alberta general election">2027</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">British Columbia </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Eby" title="David Eby">David Eby</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_British_Columbia" title="Conservative Party of British Columbia">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janet_Austin" title="Janet Austin">Janet Austin</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2024-10-19"><a href="/wiki/2024_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2024 British Columbia general election">2024</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2028-10-19"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_British_Columbia_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 British Columbia general election (page does not exist)">2028</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Manitoba </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anita_Neville" title="Anita Neville">Anita Neville</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2023-10-03"><a href="/wiki/2023_Manitoba_general_election" title="2023 Manitoba general election">2023</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2027-10-05"><a href="/wiki/44th_Manitoba_general_election" title="44th Manitoba general election">2027</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">New Brunswick </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_Holt" title="Susan Holt">Susan Holt</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of New Brunswick">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_New_Brunswick" title="Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Murphy" title="Brenda Murphy">Brenda Murphy</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2024-10-22"><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="2024 New Brunswick general election">2024</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2028-10-21"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_New_Brunswick_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 New Brunswick general election (page does not exist)">2028</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Newfoundland and Labrador </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Furey" title="Andrew Furey">Andrew Furey</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joan_Marie_Aylward" title="Joan Marie Aylward">Joan Marie Aylward</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2021-03-25"><a href="/wiki/2021_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2021</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2025-10-14"><a href="/wiki/52nd_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="52nd Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2025</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nova Scotia </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#9999FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Toryism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">Centre-right</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Joseph_LeBlanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Joseph LeBlanc">Arthur Joseph LeBlanc</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2021-08-17"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2021 Nova Scotia general election">2021</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2025-07-15"><a href="/wiki/Next_Nova_Scotia_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Nova Scotia general election">2025</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ontario </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#9999FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> <span class="nowrap">to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a></span> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edith_Dumont" title="Edith Dumont">Edith Dumont</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2022-06-02"><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2026-06-04"><a href="/wiki/44th_Ontario_general_election" title="44th Ontario general election">2026</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prince Edward Island </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dennis_King_(politician)" title="Dennis King (politician)">Dennis King</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#9999FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Liberal_Party" title="Prince Edward Island Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wassim_Salamoun" title="Wassim Salamoun">Wassim Salamoun</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2023-10-02"><a href="/wiki/2023_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="2023 Prince Edward Island general election">2023</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2027-10-04"><a href="/wiki/68th_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="68th Prince Edward Island general election">2027</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Quebec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF"> </td> <td><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">Coalition Avenir Québec</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manon_Jeannotte" title="Manon Jeannotte">Manon Jeannotte</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2022-10-03"><a href="/wiki/2022_Quebec_general_election" title="2022 Quebec general election">2022</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2026-10-05"><a href="/wiki/44th_Quebec_general_election" title="44th Quebec general election">2026</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Saskatchewan </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#3CB371"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> <span class="nowrap">to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a></span> </td> <td>Majority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Mirasty" title="Russell Mirasty">Russell Mirasty</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2020-10-26"><a href="/wiki/2024_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="2024 Saskatchewan general election">2024</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2024-10-28"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_Saskatchewan_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 Saskatchewan election (page does not exist)">2028</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Northwest Territories </th> <td><a href="/wiki/R._J._Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="R. J. Simpson">R. J. Simpson</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: #FFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><i><a href="/wiki/Consensus_government_in_Canada" title="Consensus government in Canada">Nonpartisan consensus government</a></i> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Kisoun" title="Gerald Kisoun">Gerald Kisoun</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2023-11-14"><a href="/wiki/2023_Northwest_Territories_general_election" title="2023 Northwest Territories general election">2023</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2027-10-05"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2027_Northwest_Territories_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2027 Northwest Territories general election (page does not exist)">2027</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nunavut </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P.J._Akeeagok" title="P.J. Akeeagok">P.J. Akeeagok</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: #FFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><i><a href="/wiki/Consensus_government_in_Canada" title="Consensus government in Canada">Nonpartisan consensus government</a></i> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eva_Aariak" title="Eva Aariak">Eva Aariak</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2021-10-25"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nunavut_general_election" title="2021 Nunavut general election">2021</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2025-10-27">2025 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Yukon </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranj_Pillai" title="Ranj Pillai">Ranj Pillai</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Liberal_Party" title="Yukon Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> </td> <td>Minority </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Party" title="Yukon Party">Yukon Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Bernard" title="Angélique Bernard">Angélique Bernard</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2021-04-12"><a href="/wiki/2021_Yukon_general_election" title="2021 Yukon general election">2021</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="2025-11-03"><a href="/wiki/40th_Yukon_general_election" title="40th Yukon general election">2025</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial_territory">Ceremonial territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ceremonial territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Vimy_Memorial" title="Canadian National Vimy Memorial">Canadian National Vimy Memorial</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Vimy" title="Vimy">Vimy</a>, Pas-de-Calais, and the <a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Hamel_Newfoundland_Memorial" title="Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial">Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Hamel" title="Beaumont-Hamel">Beaumont-Hamel</a>, both in France, are ceremonially considered Canadian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson2012_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, the French government donated the land used for the Vimy Memorial "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada the free use of the land exempt from all taxes".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of the Somme battlefield near Beaumont-Hamel site was purchased in 1921 by the people of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson2012_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson2012-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sites do not, however, enjoy <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial status</a> and are thus subject to French law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_provinces_and_territories">Proposed provinces and territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Proposed provinces and territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada</a></div> <p>Since Confederation in 1867, there have been several proposals for new Canadian provinces and territories. The Constitution of Canada requires an <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Canada" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Canada">amendment</a> for the creation of a new province<sup id="cite_ref-amendment_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amendment-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the creation of a new territory requires only an <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament">act of Parliament</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">legislatively</a> simpler process.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson1979_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson1979-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2004, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> surprised some observers by expressing his personal support for all three territories gaining provincial status "eventually". He cited their importance to the country as a whole and the ongoing need to assert <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">sovereignty in the Arctic</a>, particularly as <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> could make that region more open to exploitation leading to more complex <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage#International_waters_dispute" title="Northwest Passage">international waters disputes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright"> <div class="" style="width:280px"><div style="position: relative; width:280px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_Columbia" title="History of British Columbia">BC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alberta" title="History of Alberta">AB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">SK</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manitoba" title="History of Manitoba">MB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ontario" title="History of Ontario">ON</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">QC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">NB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">PE</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">NS</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yukon" title="History of Yukon">YT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="History of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nunavut" title="History of Nunavut">NU</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/280px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/420px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif 1.5x, 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.portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ontario" title="Portal:Ontario">Ontario portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_name_etymologies" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies">List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_and_demonymic_forms_of_place_names#Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names">Canadian adjectival and demonymic forms of place names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policies_of_Canada%27s_provinces_and_territories" title="Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories">Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_disputed_by_Canada_and_the_United_States" title="List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States">List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">List of regions of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_Canada_by_annual_expenditures" title="List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures">List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Local_Government_Forum" title="Commonwealth Local Government Forum">Commonwealth Local Government Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_and_territorial_museums_of_Canada" title="Provincial and territorial museums of Canada">Provincial and territorial museums of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product">List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate">List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by Human Development Index">List of Canadian provinces and territories by Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">Population of Canada by province and territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List of Canadian flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-english-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-english_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">De facto; French has limited constitutional status.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As established under the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_French_Language" title="Charter of the French Language">Charter of the French Language</a>. English has limited constitutional status in Quebec.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nova Scotia dissolved cities in 1996 in favour of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Administrative divisions of Nova Scotia">regional municipalities</a>; its largest regional municipality is therefore substituted.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As established under <a href="/wiki/Section_16_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abandsk-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abandsk_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abandsk_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As established under Languages Acts passed by Alberta and Saskatchewan's respective legislatures in 1988. French has limited constitutional status.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OLA2-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OLA2_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Members were previously titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Assembly-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Assembly_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Quebec's lower house was previously called the "Legislative Assembly" with members titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly". The name was changed at the same time Quebec's upper house was abolished.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pei_la-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pei_la_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Prince Edward Island's lower house was previously called the "House of Assembly" and its members were titled "Assemblyman". After the abolition of its upper house, assemblymen and councillors both sat in the renamed "Legislative Assembly". Later, this practice was abolished so that all members would be titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-government_leader-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-government_leader_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> In Northwest Territories and Yukon the head of government was previously titled "Government Leader".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Name changed only in Canada by the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Act_1982" title="Canada Act 1982">Canada Act 1982</a> (UK), s. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(Canada)2004-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-(Canada)2004_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-(Canada)2004_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReader's_Digest_Association_(Canada)Canadian_Geographic_Enterprises2004" class="citation book cs1">Reader's Digest Association (Canada); Canadian Geographic Enterprises (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vDR7hrnO1aYC&pg=PP41"><i>The Canadian Atlas: Our Nation, Environment and People</i></a>. Douglas & McIntyre. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-082-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-082-9"><bdi>978-1-55365-082-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503090030/https://books.google.com/books?id=vDR7hrnO1aYC&pg=PP41">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Atlas%3A+Our+Nation%2C+Environment+and+People&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Douglas+%26+McIntyre&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-082-9&rft.au=Reader%27s+Digest+Association+%28Canada%29&rft.au=Canadian+Geographic+Enterprises&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvDR7hrnO1aYC%26pg%3DPP41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCocheVaillancourtCadieuxRonson2012" class="citation web cs1">Coche, Olivier; Vaillancourt, François; Cadieux, Marc-Antoine; Ronson, Jamie Lee (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428174237/http://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/publications/official-language-policies-of-canadian-provinces.pdf">"Official Language Policies of the Canadian Provinces"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Fraser Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/publications/official-language-policies-of-canadian-provinces.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Language+Policies+of+the+Canadian+Provinces&rft.pub=Fraser+Institute&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Coche&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=Vaillancourt%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Cadieux%2C+Marc-Antoine&rft.au=Ronson%2C+Jamie+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraserinstitute.org%2FuploadedFiles%2Ffraser-ca%2FContent%2Fresearch-news%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fofficial-language-policies-of-canadian-provinces.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatsCan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatsCan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatsCan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatsCan_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524063547/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm">"Land and freshwater area, by province and territory"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm">the original</a> on May 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+and+freshwater+area%2C+by+province+and+territory&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww40.statcan.gc.ca%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fphys01-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/GuideToHoC/index-e.htm">"Guide to the Canadian House of Commons"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Canadian+House+of+Commons&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FAbout%2FParliament%2FGuideToHoC%2Findex-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canada1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-canada1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-canada1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209021646/http://www.canada.gc.ca/othergov-autregouv/prov-eng.html">"Provinces and Territories"</a>. Government of Canada. 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provinces+and+Territories&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.gc.ca%2Fothergov-autregouv%2Fprov-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E">"Census Profile"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Profile&rft.pub=Statistic+Canada&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Findex.cfm%3FLang%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatCan2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatCan2021_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatCan2021_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101">"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. October 11, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134802/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240625164234/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">"Population estimates, quarterly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. June 19, 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">the original</a> on June 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates%2C+quarterly&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2024-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1710000901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-27/index.html">"Northwest Territories Act"</a>. Department of Justice Canada. 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515072706/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-27/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northwest+Territories+Act&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice+Canada&rft.date=1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FN-27%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/Y-2.01/FullText.html">"Yukon Act"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yukon+Act&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice+Canada&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FY-2.01%2FFullText.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Justice_Canada1993" class="citation web cs1">Department of Justice Canada (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-28.6/index.html">"Nunavut Act"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105214204/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-28.6/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nunavut+Act&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Department+of+Justice+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Fen%2FN-28.6%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lang_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/files/T1.01.01_Official%20Languages%20Act.pdf">Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722182727/http://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/files/T1.01.01_Official%20Languages%20Act.pdf">Archived</a> July 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (as amended 1988, 1991–1992, 2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/html/yukon_e.php">"OCOL – Statistics on Official Languages in Yukon"</a>. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222019/http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/html/yukon_e.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OCOL+%E2%80%93+Statistics+on+Official+Languages+in+Yukon&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Commissioner+of+Official+Languages&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocol-clo.gc.ca%2Fhtml%2Fyukon_e.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814112846/http://langcom.nu.ca/nunavuts-official-languages">"Nunavut's Official Languages"</a>. Language Commissioner of Nunavut. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://langcom.nu.ca/nunavuts-official-languages/">the original</a> on August 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nunavut%27s+Official+Languages&rft.pub=Language+Commissioner+of+Nunavut&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flangcom.nu.ca%2Fnunavuts-official-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/pdf/5500092-eng.pdf">Series A2-14. Population of Canada</a> by province, census dates, 1851 to 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E">"2016 Census profiles"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=2016+Census+profiles&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Findex.cfm%3FLang%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ajzenstat2003-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ajzenstat2003_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajzenstat2003_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjzenstat2003" class="citation book cs1">Ajzenstat, Janet (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73gRch5cXZ4C&pg=PA3"><i>Canada's Founding Debates</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8607-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8607-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-8607-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424073840/https://books.google.com/books?id=73gRch5cXZ4C&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Founding+Debates&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8607-5&rft.aulast=Ajzenstat&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D73gRch5cXZ4C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OlsonShadle1996-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonShadle1996" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L-X-XYB_ZkIC&pg=PA538"><i>Historical Dictionary of the British Empire: A-J</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 538. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29366-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29366-5"><bdi>978-0-313-29366-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506081515/https://books.google.com/books?id=L-X-XYB_ZkIC&pg=PA538">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Empire%3A+A-J&rft.pages=538&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29366-5&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=James+Stuart&rft.au=Shadle%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL-X-XYB_ZkIC%26pg%3DPA538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gough2010-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gough2010_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gough2010_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGough2010" class="citation book cs1">Gough, Barry M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z4xK6CasigkC&pg=PA141"><i>Historical Dictionary of Canada</i></a>. Wilfrid Laurier University. pp. 141–142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7504-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7504-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7504-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529074918/https://books.google.com/books?id=z4xK6CasigkC&pg=PA141">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Canada&rft.pages=141-142&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7504-3&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz4xK6CasigkC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlas-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atlas_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtlas_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Atlas of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202135304/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1912/1">"Territorial evolution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/territorialevolution/1912/1">the original</a> on February 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Territorial+evolution&rft.au=Atlas+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatlas.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Fenglish%2Fmaps%2Fhistorical%2Fterritorialevolution%2F1912%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/debate.html">"Confederation Rejected: Newfoundland and the Canadian Confederation, 1864–1869: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage"</a>. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922063836/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/debate.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confederation+Rejected%3A+Newfoundland+and+the+Canadian+Confederation%2C+1864%E2%80%931869%3A+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.pub=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Flaw%2Fdebate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke2010-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke2010_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2010" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Sandra (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=moDVp5TTpgcC&pg=PA7"><i>Newfoundland and Labrador English</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2617-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2617-5"><bdi>978-0-7486-2617-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512031858/https://books.google.com/books?id=moDVp5TTpgcC&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+English&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2617-5&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmoDVp5TTpgcC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FriesenHarrison2010-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FriesenHarrison2010_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriesenHarrison2010" class="citation book cs1">Friesen, John W.; Harrison, Trevor W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EVGDUAP3LjAC&pg=PA115"><i>Canadian Society in the Twenty-first Century: An Historical Sociological Approach</i></a>. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55130-371-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55130-371-0"><bdi>978-1-55130-371-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429195319/https://books.google.com/books?id=EVGDUAP3LjAC&pg=PA115">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Society+in+the+Twenty-first+Century%3A+An+Historical+Sociological+Approach&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Canadian+Scholars%27+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55130-371-0&rft.aulast=Friesen&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Trevor+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEVGDUAP3LjAC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake1994-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake1994_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1994" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Raymond Benjamin (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bv8AVgdK1UC&pg=PA4"><i>Canadians at Last: Canada Integrates Newfoundland As a Province</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6978-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6978-8"><bdi>978-0-8020-6978-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623221933/https://books.google.com/books?id=-bv8AVgdK1UC&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Quebec: Neilson and Cowan, No. 3 Mountain Street. 1812.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quebec+Almanack+and+British+American+Royal+Kalendar+For+The+Year+1828&rft.atitle=STAFF+of+the+ARMY+in+the+Provinces+of+Nova-Scotia%2C+New-Brunswick%2C+and+their+Dependencies%2C+including+the+Island+of+Newfoundland%2C+Cape+Breton%2C+Prince+Edward+and+Bermuda&rft.date=1812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Meteorological Observations at the Foreign and Colonial Stations of the Royal Engineers and the Army Medical Department 1852—1886</i>. London: Meteorological Council. 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Bermuda: Island Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780921560036" title="Special:BookSources/9780921560036"><bdi>9780921560036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Andrew+and+The+Onions%3A+The+Story+of+The+Royal+Navy+in+Bermuda%2C+1795%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Bermuda&rft.pub=Island+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780921560036&rft.aulast=Stranack%2C+Royal+Navy&rft.aufirst=Lieutenant-Commander+B.+Ian+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/983/multiple=1&unique_number=1147">"World Heritage List: Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda"</a>. 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Bermuda: The Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0969651716" title="Special:BookSources/0969651716"><bdi>0969651716</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defence%2C+Not+Defiance%3A+A+History+Of+The+Bermuda+Volunteer+Rifle+Corps&rft.place=Bermuda&rft.pub=The+Island+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0969651716&rft.aulast=Ingham-Hind&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward C. 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Bermuda: The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780921560005" title="Special:BookSources/9780921560005"><bdi>9780921560005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulwark+Of+Empire%3A+Bermuda%27s+Fortified+Naval+Base+1860%E2%80%931920&rft.place=Bermuda&rft.pub=The+Bermuda+Maritime+Museum+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780921560005&rft.aulast=Willock+USMC&rft.aufirst=Lieutenant-Colonel+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1965" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Donald Craigie (1965). <i>The Dominion Partnership in Imperial Defense, 1870-1914</i>. 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London: MacMillan and Co. p. 184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacMillan%27s+Geographical+Series%3A+Elementary+Geography+of+the+British+Colonies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=MacMillan+and+Co.&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglican.bm/index.php/worship/our-churches.html">"Our Churches: Pembroke Parish"</a>. <i>Anglican Church of Bermuda</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda was established in 12th June 1967. Bermuda was served by the Diocesan clergy of Halifax until 1953, after which pastoral responsibility transferred to the Congregation of the Resurrection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roman+Catholic+Diocese+of+Hamilton+in+Bermuda&rft.atitle=A+History+Of+Our+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romancatholicbermuda.bm%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laxer2010-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laxer2010_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer2010" class="citation book cs1">Laxer, James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MjVlI8V0i9AC&pg=PT215"><i>The Border: Canada, the US and Dispatches From the 49th Parallel</i></a>. Doubleday Canada. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67290-0"><bdi>978-0-385-67290-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430173323/https://books.google.com/books?id=MjVlI8V0i9AC&pg=PT215">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Border%3A+Canada%2C+the+US+and+Dispatches+From+the+49th+Parallel&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Doubleday+Canada&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-385-67290-0&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMjVlI8V0i9AC%26pg%3DPT215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cukwurah1967-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cukwurah1967_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCukwurah1967" class="citation book cs1">Cukwurah, A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Settlement+of+Boundary+Disputes+in+International+Law&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Cukwurah&rft.aufirst=A.+Oye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxHm7AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-School2013-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-School2013_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsonMarchildonPhillipsBéland2013" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Michael M.; Marchildon, Gregory P.; Phillips, Peter W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governance+and+Public+Policy+in+Canada%3A+A+View+from+the+Provinces&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-0493-3&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Michael+M.&rft.au=Marchildon%2C+Gregory+P.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Peter+W.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%A9land%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Kenneth+A.&rft.au=McNutt%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrkdktaOtprEC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuttall2012-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nuttall2012_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuttall2012" class="citation book cs1">Nuttall, Mark (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LcucDSk4w3YC&pg=PA301"><i>Encyclopedia of the Arctic</i></a>. Routledge. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-436-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-436-8"><bdi>978-1-57958-436-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506200637/https://books.google.com/books?id=LcucDSk4w3YC&pg=PA301">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Arctic&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-436-8&rft.aulast=Nuttall&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLcucDSk4w3YC%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Development2002-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Development2002_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrganisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development2002" class="citation book cs1">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oecdterritorialr0000orga"><i>Oecd Territorial Reviews: Canada</i></a></span>. OECD Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oecdterritorialr0000orga/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-64-19832-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-64-19832-6"><bdi>978-92-64-19832-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oecd+Territorial+Reviews%3A+Canada&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-92-64-19832-6&rft.au=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foecdterritorialr0000orga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaldmanBraun2009-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaldmanBraun2009_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldmanBraun2009" class="citation book cs1">Waldman, Carl; Braun, Molly (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2HKD9PgC6wC&pg=PA234"><i>Atlas of the North American Indian</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2671-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2671-5"><bdi>978-1-4381-2671-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516202620/https://books.google.com/books?id=P2HKD9PgC6wC&pg=PA234">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+North+American+Indian&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2671-5&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Braun%2C+Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2HKD9PgC6wC%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForsythMuller2001-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ForsythMuller2001_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIlwraithMuller2001" class="citation book cs1">McIlwraith, Thomas Forsyth; Muller, Edward K. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8NS0OTXRlTMC&pg=PA359"><i>North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0019-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0019-8"><bdi>978-0-7425-0019-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506120037/https://books.google.com/books?id=8NS0OTXRlTMC&pg=PA359">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+America%3A+The+Historical+Geography+of+a+Changing+Continent&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0019-8&rft.aulast=McIlwraith&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Forsyth&rft.au=Muller%2C+Edward+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8NS0OTXRlTMC%26pg%3DPA359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahler1987-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mahler1987_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahler1987" class="citation book cs1">Mahler, Gregory S. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newdimensionsofc0000mahl"><i>New Dimensions of Canadian Federalism: Canada in a Comparative Perspective</i></a></span>. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newdimensionsofc0000mahl/page/86">86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3289-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3289-5"><bdi>978-0-8386-3289-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Dimensions+of+Canadian+Federalism%3A+Canada+in+a+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3289-5&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewdimensionsofc0000mahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peach2007-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peach2007_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peach2007_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeach2007" class="citation book cs1">Peach, Ian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8VkyxvK1VAC&pg=PA52"><i>Constructing Tomorrows Federalism: New Perspectives on Canadian Governance</i></a>. Univ. of Manitoba Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-315-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-315-8"><bdi>978-0-88755-315-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100747/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8VkyxvK1VAC&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Tomorrows+Federalism%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Canadian+Governance&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-315-8&rft.aulast=Peach&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK8VkyxvK1VAC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maclure2003wt-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maclure2003wt_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaclure2003" class="citation book cs1">Maclure, Jocelyn (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rDq-VVN4XtcC&pg=PA162"><i>Quebec Identity: The Challenge of Pluralism</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7111-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-7111-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501132404/https://books.google.com/books?id=rDq-VVN4XtcC&pg=PA162">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quebec+Identity%3A+The+Challenge+of+Pluralism&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7111-2&rft.aulast=Maclure&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrDq-VVN4XtcC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tidridge2011nm-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tidridge2011nm_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidridge2011" class="citation book cs1">Tidridge, Nathan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JvGsvHsAtDgC&pg=PA281"><i>Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0084-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0084-0"><bdi>978-1-4597-0084-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514004708/https://books.google.com/books?id=JvGsvHsAtDgC&pg=PA281">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Constitutional+Monarchy%3A+An+Introduction+to+Our+Form+of+Government&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-0084-0&rft.aulast=Tidridge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvGsvHsAtDgC%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinto2012-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pinto2012_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto2012" class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Laura Elizabeth (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYswZZ5gPIC&pg=PT325"><i>Curriculum Reform in Ontario: 'Common-Sense' Policy Processes and Democratic Possibilities</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-6158-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-6158-5"><bdi>978-1-4426-6158-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529132945/https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYswZZ5gPIC&pg=PT325">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Reform+in+Ontario%3A+%27Common-Sense%27+Policy+Processes+and+Democratic+Possibilities&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-6158-5&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Laura+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DYswZZ5gPIC%26pg%3DPT325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnhart2004-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnhart2004_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnhart2004" class="citation book cs1">Barnhart, Gordon (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lOX4Cal-54EC&pg=PR7"><i>Saskatchewan Premiers of the Twentieth Century</i></a>. University of Regina Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-164-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-164-2"><bdi>978-0-88977-164-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527102212/https://books.google.com/books?id=lOX4Cal-54EC&pg=PR7">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+Premiers+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=University+of+Regina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-88977-164-2&rft.aulast=Barnhart&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlOX4Cal-54EC%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zellen2009iu-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zellen2009iu_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZellen2009" class="citation book cs1">Zellen, Barry Scott (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Syskcmi-5XMC&pg=PA54"><i>On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State, and the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3280-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3280-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-3280-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430214327/https://books.google.com/books?id=Syskcmi-5XMC&pg=PA54">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Thin+Ice%3A+The+Inuit%2C+the+State%2C+and+the+Challenge+of+Arctic+Sovereignty&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-3280-7&rft.aulast=Zellen&rft.aufirst=Barry+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSyskcmi-5XMC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tidridge2011po-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tidridge2011po_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidridge2011" class="citation book cs1">Tidridge, Nathan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvtMxqSDncC&pg=PA94"><i>Canada's Constitutional Monarchy</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-980-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-980-8"><bdi>978-1-55488-980-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617041001/https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvtMxqSDncC&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-980-8&rft.aulast=Tidridge&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAvtMxqSDncC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PikeMcCreery2011fr-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PikeMcCreery2011fr_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPikeMcCreery2011" class="citation book cs1">Pike, Corinna; McCreery, Christopher (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8x_k6AR1_IUC&pg=PT183"><i>Canadian Symbols of Authority: Maces, Chains, and Rods of Office</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0016-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0016-1"><bdi>978-1-4597-0016-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529022104/https://books.google.com/books?id=8x_k6AR1_IUC&pg=PT183">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Symbols+of+Authority%3A+Maces%2C+Chains%2C+and+Rods+of+Office&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-0016-1&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Corinna&rft.au=McCreery%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8x_k6AR1_IUC%26pg%3DPT183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cross2011-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cross2011_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cross2011_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2011" class="citation book cs1">Cross, William (2011). <i>Political Parties</i>. UBC Press. pp. 17–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4111-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-4111-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties&rft.pages=17-20&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4111-5&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gagnon2000pm-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gagnon2000pm_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon2000" class="citation book cs1">Gagnon, Alain-Gustave (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=97a8-s131u0C&pg=PA209"><i>The Canadian Social Union Without Quebec: 8 Critical Analyses</i></a>. IRPP. pp. 209–210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88645-184-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88645-184-4"><bdi>978-0-88645-184-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505184122/https://books.google.com/books?id=97a8-s131u0C&pg=PA209">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Social+Union+Without+Quebec%3A+8+Critical+Analyses&rft.pages=209-210&rft.pub=IRPP&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-88645-184-4&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=Alain-Gustave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D97a8-s131u0C%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/PremiersTerritorialLeaders.aspx">"Premiers"</a>. Parliament of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Premiers&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParlinfo%2Fcompilations%2FProvinceTerritory%2FPremiersTerritorialLeaders.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/ProvinceTerritory/LieutenantGovernors.aspx">"Lieutenant Governors and Territorial Commissioners"</a>. Parliament of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lieutenant+Governors+and+Territorial+Commissioners&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2Fcompilations%2FProvinceTerritory%2FLieutenantGovernors.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson2012-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson2012_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson2012_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, John (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failedhopestoryo0000wils"><i>Failed Hope: The Story of the Lost Peace</i></a></span>. Dundurn. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/failedhopestoryo0000wils/page/38">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0345-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-0345-2"><bdi>978-1-4597-0345-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Failed+Hope%3A+The+Story+of+the+Lost+Peace&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-0345-2&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffailedhopestoryo0000wils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090409062438/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=Memorials%2Fww1mem%2FVimy%2Fvmemory#one">"Design and Construction of the Vimy Ridge Memorial"</a>. Veteran Affairs Canada. August 8, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=Memorials/ww1mem/Vimy/vmemory#one">the original</a> on April 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Design+and+Construction+of+the+Vimy+Ridge+Memorial&rft.pub=Veteran+Affairs+Canada&rft.date=1998-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vac-acc.gc.ca%2Fremembers%2Fsub.cfm%3Fsource%3DMemorials%2Fww1mem%2FVimy%2Fvmemory%23one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amendment-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amendment_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An amendment to the Constitution of Canada in relation to the following matters may be made only in accordance with subsection 38(1)...notwithstanding any other law or practice, the establishment of new provinces.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholson1979-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nicholson1979_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1979" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Norman L. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek7cloNk3E8C&pg=PA174"><i>The boundaries of the Canadian Confederation</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 174–175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7705-1742-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7705-1742-7"><bdi>978-0-7705-1742-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624010940/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek7cloNk3E8C&pg=PA174">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+boundaries+of+the+Canadian+Confederation&rft.pages=174-175&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7705-1742-7&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Norman+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEk7cloNk3E8C%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/northern-territories-eventually-to-be-given-provincial-status-1.484399">"Northern territories 'eventually' to be given provincial status"</a>. CBC News. November 23, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225050248/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/11/22/provinces041122.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Northern+territories+%27eventually%27+to+be+given+provincial+status&rft.date=2004-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorthern-territories-eventually-to-be-given-provincial-status-1.484399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories">Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownseyHowlett2001" class="citation book cs1">Brownsey, Keith; Howlett, Michael (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3Ky0-JAAbYC&pg=PP1"><i>The Provincial State in Canada: Politics in the Provinces and Territories</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-368-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-368-5"><bdi>978-1-55111-368-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Provincial+State+in+Canada%3A+Politics+in+the+Provinces+and+Territories&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-368-5&rft.aulast=Brownsey&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Howlett%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3Ky0-JAAbYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreSlavinLunn2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Moore_(Canadian_historian)" title="Christopher Moore (Canadian historian)">Moore, Christopher</a>; Slavin, Bill; Lunn, Janet (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Dmi_sb_ufgC&pg=PA1"><i>The Big Book of Canada: Exploring the Provinces and Territories</i></a>. Random House Digital, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88776-457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88776-457-8"><bdi>978-0-88776-457-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Canada%3A+Exploring+the+Provinces+and+Territories&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-88776-457-8&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Slavin%2C+Bill&rft.au=Lunn%2C+Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Dmi_sb_ufgC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProssPross1972" class="citation book cs1">Pross, A. Paul; Pross, Catherine A. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentpublis0000pros"><i>Government Publishing in the Canadian Provinces: a Prescriptive Study</i></a>. Toronto, Ont.: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-1827-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-1827-0"><bdi>0-8020-1827-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+Publishing+in+the+Canadian+Provinces%3A+a+Prescriptive+Study&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ont.&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8020-1827-0&rft.aulast=Pross&rft.aufirst=A.+Paul&rft.au=Pross%2C+Catherine+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernmentpublis0000pros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomblin1995" class="citation book cs1">Tomblin, Stephen (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mUnFSlFnGZUC&pg=PR1"><i>Ottawa and the Outer Provinces: The Challenge of Regional Integration in Canada</i></a>. James Lorimer & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-476-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-476-8"><bdi>978-1-55028-476-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottawa+and+the+Outer+Provinces%3A+The+Challenge+of+Regional+Integration+in+Canada&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-476-8&rft.aulast=Tomblin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmUnFSlFnGZUC%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+and+territories+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Provinces and territories of Canada</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" class="extiw" title="c:category:Provinces and territories of Canada">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Portal:Canada" class="extiw" title="n:Portal:Canada">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Canada" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Canada">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Canada" class="extiw" title="voy:Canada">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2879" class="extiw" title="d:Q2879">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130806101230/http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/common/provterr.shtml">Provincial and territorial government web sites</a> – Service Canada (archived August 6, 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/provinceterritory/Provincialterritoriallegislatures.aspx">Provincial and territorial legislature web sites</a> – Parliament of Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227162009/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/aia/index.asp?lang=eng&page=provterr&sub=difference&doc=difference-eng.htm">Difference between provinces and territories</a> – Intergovernmental Affairs (archived February 27, 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/province-eng">Provincial and territorial statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425233852/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/reference/province-eng">Archived</a> April 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Statistics Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122105414/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/newcomers/pt/">Provincial and territorial immigration information</a> – Citizenship and Immigration Canada (archived November 22, 2017)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etatscanadiens-canadiangovernments.enap.ca/en/nav.aspx?sortcode=2.0.0">Canadian governments compared</a> – University of Public Administration</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces and territories of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Provinces and territories of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution of Canada</a> after 1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">Proposed provinces and territories of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by area">Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Extreme points of Canadian provinces">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_Canada_by_annual_expenditures" title="List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures">Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policies_of_Canada%27s_provinces_and_territories" title="Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories">Language policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_and_territorial_museums_of_Canada" title="Provincial and territorial museums of Canada">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_name_etymologies" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of provinces and territories of Canada">Flags</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Category:Provinces and territories of Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_the_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Template:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Template talk:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Canadian provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_the_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This article is part of the series: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Executive_(The_Crown)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Sovereign in the provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant Governor (Canada)">Lieutenant Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Commissioners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Yukon" title="Commissioner of Yukon">YU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Commissioner of the Northwest Territories">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Nunavut" title="Commissioner of Nunavut">NU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_British_Columbia" title="Premier of British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Brunswick" title="Premier of New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Premier of Prince Edward 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