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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accident_in_Hanoi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accident_in_Hanoi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Accident in Hanoi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accident_in_Hanoi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards,_honours,_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_honours,_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards, honours, and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_honours,_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Selected_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Selected bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="سيمور بابيرت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيمور بابيرت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymur_Peypert" title="Seymur Peypert – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seymur Peypert" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="سیمور پاپرت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیمور پاپرت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84" title="Σέυμουρ Παπέρτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέυμουρ Παπέρτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="سیمور پاپرت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمور پاپرت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4_%ED%8E%98%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="시모어 페퍼트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시모어 페퍼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_%D5%93%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%83%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Սեյմուր Փեյփերթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեյմուր Փեյփերթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98" title="סימור פאפרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימור פאפרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სეიმორ პაპერტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეიმორ პაპერტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="സെയ്മുർ പാപ്പർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെയ്മുർ പാപ്പർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="سيمور بابيرت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيمور بابيرت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="シーモア・パパート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーモア・パパート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80" title="Пейперт, Сеймур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пейперт, Сеймур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Симор Паперт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симор Паперт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Сеймур Пейперт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сеймур Пейперт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Seymour Papert" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B4%BE%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9" title="西摩爾·派普特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西摩爾·派普特" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and educator</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Seymour Papert</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seymour_Papert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Seymour_Papert.jpg/220px-Seymour_Papert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Seymour_Papert.jpg/330px-Seymour_Papert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Seymour_Papert.jpg/440px-Seymour_Papert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Papert with a <a href="/wiki/Turtle_(robot)" title="Turtle (robot)">Turtle robot</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Seymour Aubrey Papert</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-02-29</span>)</span>29 February 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-07-31)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hill,_Maine" title="Blue Hill, Maine">Blue Hill, Maine</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>, PhD)<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (PhD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)" title="Perceptrons (book)">Perceptrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Logo programming language">Logo programming language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child" title="One Laptop per Child">One Laptop per Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papert%27s_principle" title="Papert's principle">Papert's principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dona_Strauss" title="Dona Strauss">Dona Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androula_Henriques" title="Androula Henriques">Androula Henriques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Turkle" title="Sherry Turkle">Sherry Turkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Massie" title="Suzanne Massie">Suzanne Massie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a><br />Education<br />Mathematics<br /><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory,_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="National Physical Laboratory, UK">National Physical Laboratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Theses</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/871267195">Sequential Convergence in Lattices with Special Reference To Modular and Subgroup Lattices</a> </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1952)</span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/301315242">The Lattices of Logic and Topology</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1960)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Smithies" title="Frank Smithies">Frank Smithies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idit_Harel_Caperton" class="mw-redirect" title="Idit Harel Caperton">Idit Harel Caperton</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hewitt" title="Carl Hewitt">Carl Hewitt</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Resnick" title="Mitchel Resnick">Mitchel Resnick</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwina_Rissland" title="Edwina Rissland">Edwina Rissland</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Williamson_Shaffer" title="David Williamson Shaffer">David Williamson Shaffer</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Jay_Sussman" title="Gerald Jay Sussman">Gerald Jay Sussman</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Winograd" title="Terry Winograd">Terry Winograd</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papert.org">papert<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Seymour Aubrey Papert</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 29 February 1928 – 31 July 2016) was a South African-born American mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">educator</a>, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureObituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stager_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stager-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, and of the <a href="/wiki/Constructionism_(learning_theory)" title="Constructionism (learning theory)">constructionist</a> movement in education.<sup id="cite_ref-Papert2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papert2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was co-inventor, with <a href="/wiki/Wally_Feurzeig" title="Wally Feurzeig">Wally Feurzeig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Solomon" title="Cynthia Solomon">Cynthia Solomon</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo programming language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureObituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_and_education">Early years and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born to a Jewish family,<sup id="cite_ref-forward.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forward.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papert attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a>, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy in 1949 followed by a PhD in mathematics in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-papertphd_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papertphd-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then went on to receive a second doctorate,<sup id="cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureObituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also in mathematics, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (1959),<sup id="cite_ref-papertphd2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papertphd2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supervised by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Smithies" title="Frank Smithies">Frank Smithies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who's_who_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who's_who-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert worked as a researcher in a variety of places, including <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's College, Cambridge">St. John's College, Cambridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Poincaré Institute">Henri Poincaré Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory,_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="National Physical Laboratory, UK">National Physical Laboratory</a> in London before becoming a research associate at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-who's_who_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who's_who-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held this position until 1967, when he became professor of applied math and was made co-director of the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> by its founding director Professor <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>, until 1981; he also served as Cecil and Ida Green professor of education at MIT from 1974 to 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-who's_who_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who's_who-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert worked on <a href="/wiki/Learning_theory_(education)" title="Learning theory (education)">learning theories</a>, and was known for focusing on the impact of new technologies on learning in general, and in schools as learning organizations in particular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constructionism">Constructionism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constructionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At MIT, Papert went on to create the <a href="/wiki/Genetic_epistemology" title="Genetic epistemology">Epistemology</a> and Learning Research Group at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_School_of_Architecture_and_Planning" title="MIT School of Architecture and Planning">MIT Architecture Machine Group</a> which later became the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab" title="MIT Media Lab">MIT Media Lab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, he was the developer of a theory on learning called <a href="/wiki/Constructionist_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructionist learning">constructionism</a>, built upon the work of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructivism (learning theory)">constructivist learning theories</a>. Papert had worked with Piaget at the University of Geneva from 1958 to 1963<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was one of Piaget's protégés; Piaget himself once said that "no one understands my ideas as well as Papert".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papert has rethought how schools should work, based on these theories of learning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo">Logo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert used Piaget's work in his development of the <a href="/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo programming language</a> while at MIT. He created Logo as a tool to improve the way children think and solve problems. A small mobile <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robot</a> called the "<a href="/wiki/Turtle_(robot)" title="Turtle (robot)">Logo Turtle</a>" was developed, and children were shown how to use it to solve simple problems in an <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">environment of play</a>. A main purpose of the Logo Foundation research group is to strengthen the ability to <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learn</a> <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mit.edu_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit.edu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papert insisted a simple <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">language</a> or <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> that children can learn—like Logo—can also have advanced functionality for expert users.<sup id="cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureObituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_work">Other work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of his work with technology, Papert has been a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Machine" title="Knowledge Machine">Knowledge Machine</a>. He was one of the principals for the <a href="/wiki/One_Laptop_Per_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="One Laptop Per Child">One Laptop Per Child</a> initiative to manufacture and distribute <a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Children's Machine">The Children's Machine</a> in developing nations. </p><p>Papert also collaborated with the construction toy manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> on their Logo-programmable <a href="/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms" title="Lego Mindstorms">Lego Mindstorms</a> robotics kits,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were named after his groundbreaking 1980 book.<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A curated archive of Papert's articles, speeches, and interviews may be found on a website dedicated to Papert at: The Daily Papert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert became a political and anti-apartheid activist early in his life in South Africa. He subsequently chose self exile.<sup id="cite_ref-forward.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forward.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialist</a> circle around <i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Review" title="Socialist Review">Socialist Review</a></i> while living in London in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papert was also a prominent activist against South African <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> policies during his university education.<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Papert was married to <a href="/wiki/Dona_Strauss" title="Dona Strauss">Dona Strauss</a>, and later to <a href="/wiki/Androula_Henriques" title="Androula Henriques">Androula Christofides Henriques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Papert's third wife was MIT professor <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Turkle" title="Sherry Turkle">Sherry Turkle</a>, and together they wrote the influential paper "Epistemological Pluralism and the Revaluation of the Concrete".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his final 24 years, Papert was married to <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Massie" title="Suzanne Massie">Suzanne Massie</a>, who is a Russian scholar and author of <i>Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace</i> and <i>Land of the Firebird</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accident_in_Hanoi">Accident in Hanoi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Accident in Hanoi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert (then aged 78), received a serious <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">brain injury</a> when struck by a <a href="/wiki/Motor_scooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">motor scooter</a><sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 5 December 2006 while crossing the street with colleague Uri Wilensky when they were both attending the 17th <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Mathematical_Instruction" title="International Commission on Mathematical Instruction">International Commission on Mathematical Instruction</a> (ICMI) Study conference in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He underwent emergency <a href="/wiki/Brain_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain surgery">surgery</a> to remove a <a href="/wiki/Blood_clot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood clot">blood clot</a> at the <a href="/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital_Fran%C3%A7ais_De_Hano%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Hôpital Français De Hanoï">French Hospital of Hanoi</a> before being transferred in a complex operation by Swiss Air Ambulance <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rega.ch/en/operations.aspx">(REGA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190727171020/https://www.rega.ch/en/operations.aspx">Archived</a> 27 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger" title="Bombardier Challenger">Bombardier Challenger</a> Jet<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, where he spent approximately four weeks in intensive care.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was moved to a hospital closer to his home in January 2007, but then developed <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> which damaged a heart valve, which was later replaced. </p><p>By 2008 he had returned home, could think and communicate clearly and walk "almost unaided", but still had "some complicated speech problems" and was in receipt of extensive rehabilitation support.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His rehabilitation team used some of the very principles of experiential, hands-on learning that he had pioneered.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Papert died at his home in Blue Hill, Maine, on 31 July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards,_honours,_and_legacy"><span id="Awards.2C_honours.2C_and_legacy"></span>Awards, honours, and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards, honours, and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papert's work has been used by other researchers in the fields of education and computer science. He influenced the work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Wilensky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uri Wilensky (page does not exist)">Uri Wilensky</a> in the design of <a href="/wiki/NetLogo" title="NetLogo">NetLogo</a> and collaborated with him on the study of knowledge restructurations, as well as the work of <a href="/wiki/Andrea_diSessa" title="Andrea diSessa">Andrea diSessa</a> and the development of "dynaturtles". In 1981, Papert along with several others in the Logo group at MIT, started <a href="/wiki/Logo_Computer_Systems_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Logo Computer Systems Inc.">Logo Computer Systems Inc.</a> (LCSI), of which he was board chair for over 20 years. Working with LCSI, Papert designed a number of award-winning programs, including LogoWriter<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lego/Logo (marketed as <a href="/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms" title="Lego Mindstorms">Lego Mindstorms</a>). He also influenced the research of <a href="/wiki/Idit_Harel_Caperton" class="mw-redirect" title="Idit Harel Caperton">Idit Harel Caperton</a>, coauthoring articles and the book <i>Constructionism</i>, and chairing the advisory board of the company <a href="/wiki/MaMaMedia" class="mw-redirect" title="MaMaMedia">MaMaMedia</a>. He also influenced <a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dynabook" title="Dynabook">Dynabook</a> concept, and worked with Kay on various projects. </p><p>Papert won a <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim fellowship">Guggenheim fellowship</a> in 1980, a <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Society" title="Marconi Society">Marconi International</a> fellowship in 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Software_Publishers_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Publishers Association">Software Publishers Association</a> Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994, and the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Award">Smithsonian Award</a> from <i>Computerworld</i> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papert has been called by <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> "the greatest living mathematics educator".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>MIT President <a href="/wiki/L._Rafael_Reif" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Rafael Reif">L. Rafael Reif</a> summarized Papert's lifetime of accomplishments: "With a mind of extraordinary range and creativity, Seymour Papert helped revolutionize at least three fields, from the study of how children make sense of the world, to the development of artificial intelligence, to the rich intersection of technology and learning. The stamp he left on MIT is profound. Today, as MIT continues to expand its reach and deepen its work in digital learning, I am particularly grateful for Seymour's groundbreaking vision, and we hope to build on his ideas to open doors to learners of all ages, around the world."<sup id="cite_ref-MITobit_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 Papert's alma mater, University of Witwatersrand, awarded him the degree of <i>Doctor of Science in Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/distinguished-graduates/honorary-degrees/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wits.ac.za%2Fmedia%2Fwits-university%2Falumni%2Fdocuments%2Fhonorary-degree-citations%2FSeymour%2520Papert%2520Citation.doc">[3]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=20656">Seymour Papert</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatureObituary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatureObituary_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStager2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stager, Gary S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F537308a">"Seymour Papert (1928–2016) Father of educational computing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>537</b> (7620). London: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>: 308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F537308a">10.1038/537308a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27629633">27629633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Seymour+Papert+%281928%E2%80%932016%29+Father+of+educational+computing&rft.volume=537&rft.issue=7620&rft.pages=308&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F537308a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27629633&rft.aulast=Stager&rft.aufirst=Gary+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F537308a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stager-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stager_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStager2016" class="citation web cs1">Stager, Gary (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stager.org/planetpapert.html">"Planet Papert: articles by and about Papert"</a>. <i>stager.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stager.org&rft.atitle=Planet+Papert%3A+articles+by+and+about+Papert&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Stager&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stager.org%2Fplanetpapert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MITobit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MITobit_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mit.edu/2016/seymour-papert-pioneer-of-constructionist-learning-dies-0801">"Professor Emeritus Seymour Papert, pioneer of constructionist learning, dies at 88"</a>. <i>MIT News</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=Professor+Emeritus+Seymour+Papert%2C+pioneer+of+constructionist+learning%2C+dies+at+88&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mit.edu%2F2016%2Fseymour-papert-pioneer-of-constructionist-learning-dies-0801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papert2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Papert2004_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapert2004" class="citation journal cs1">Papert, Seymour (2004). "Interviews with Seymour Papert". <i>Computers in Entertainment</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F973801.973816">10.1145/973801.973816</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1544-3574">1544-3574</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52800402">52800402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Interviews+with+Seymour+Papert&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52800402%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1544-3574&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F973801.973816&rft.aulast=Papert&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.media.mit.edu/people/papert/overview/">"Person Overview ‹ Seymour A. Papert"</a>. <i>MIT Media Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Media+Lab&rft.atitle=Person+Overview+%E2%80%B9+Seymour+A.+Papert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.media.mit.edu%2Fpeople%2Fpapert%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papert.org/">"Professor Seymour Papert"</a>. <i>papert.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=papert.org&rft.atitle=Professor+Seymour+Papert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papert.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Computers/History/Pioneers/Papert,_Seymour">"Curlie – Computers: History: Pioneers: Papert, Seymour"</a>. <i>curlie.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Papert&rft.atitle=The+Daily+Papert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailypapert.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forward.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forward.com_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forward.com_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/346666/remembering-seymour-papert-revolutionary-socialist-and-father-of-ai/">"Remembering Seymour Papert: Revolutionary Socialist and Father of A.I."</a> <i>The Forward</i>. 3 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Remembering+Seymour+Papert%3A+Revolutionary+Socialist+and+Father+of+A.I.&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fculture%2F346666%2Fremembering-seymour-papert-revolutionary-socialist-and-father-of-ai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papertphd-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-papertphd_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapert1952" class="citation thesis cs1">Papert, Seymour Aubrey (1952). <i>Sequential Convergence in Lattices With Special Reference To Modular And Subgroup Lattices</i> (PhD thesis). University of the Witwatersrand. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/775688121">775688121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Sequential+Convergence+in+Lattices+With+Special+Reference+To+Modular+And+Subgroup+Lattices&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+the+Witwatersrand&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F775688121&rft.aulast=Papert&rft.aufirst=Seymour+Aubrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papertphd2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-papertphd2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapert1960" class="citation thesis cs1">Papert, Seymour Aubrey (1960). <i>The lattices of logic and topology</i> (PhD thesis). University of the Cambridge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/301315242">301315242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+lattices+of+logic+and+topology&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+the+Cambridge&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Papert&rft.aufirst=Seymour+Aubrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who's_who-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who's_who_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who's_who_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who's_who_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Papert, Seymour A. in <i>American Men and Women of Science</i>, R.R. Bowker. (1998–99, 20th ed). p. 1056.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/lifelong-kindergarten/overview/">"Group Overview ‹ Lifelong Kindergarten"</a>. <i>MIT Media Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.media.mit.edu/~papert/">the original</a> on 8 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mit.edu&rft.atitle=Seymour+Papert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.media.mit.edu%2F~papert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornburg2013" class="citation book cs1">Thornburg, David (2013). <i>From the campfire to the holodeck : creating engaging and powerful 21st century learning environments</i>. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118748060" title="Special:BookSources/9781118748060"><bdi>9781118748060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+campfire+to+the+holodeck+%3A+creating+engaging+and+powerful+21st+century+learning+environments&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781118748060&rft.aulast=Thornburg&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit.edu-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mit.edu_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/">"Logo Foundation"</a>. <i>el.media.mit.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LEGO+Mindstorms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmindstorms.lego.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/higgins/1997/locust/index.htm">"Jim Higgins: More Years for the Locust (1997)"</a>. <i>marxists.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marxists.org&rft.atitle=Jim+Higgins%3A+More+Years+for+the+Locust+%281997%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fhiggins%2F1997%2Flocust%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurklePapert,_Seymour1992" class="citation journal cs1">Turkle, Sherry; Papert, Seymour (1992). "Epistemological Pluralism and Revaluation of the Concrete". <i>Journal of Mathematical Behavior</i>. <b>11</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mathematical+Behavior&rft.atitle=Epistemological+Pluralism+and+Revaluation+of+the+Concrete&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Turkle&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.au=Papert%2C+Seymour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suzannemassie.com/bio.html">"Author Suzanne Massie biography"</a>. <i>suzannemassie.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=suzannemassie.com&rft.atitle=Author+Suzanne+Massie+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzannemassie.com%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-seymour-papert-in-coma-in-hanoi/d/d-id/1049664?">"Artificial Intelligence Pioneer Seymour Papert in Coma in Hanoi"</a>. <i>InformationWeek</i>. 8 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InformationWeek&rft.atitle=Artificial+Intelligence+Pioneer+Seymour+Papert+in+Coma+in+Hanoi&rft.date=2006-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fartificial-intelligence-pioneer-seymour-papert-in-coma-in-hanoi%2Fd%2Fd-id%2F1049664%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/IT/3065-2962/Seymour-Papert_14321_p2k-unkris.html">"Seymour Papert – Informatika – 3065 – p2k.unkris.ac.id"</a>. <i>p2k.unkris.ac.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=p2k.unkris.ac.id&rft.atitle=Seymour+Papert+%E2%80%93+Informatika+%E2%80%93+3065+%E2%80%93+p2k.unkris.ac.id&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fp2k.unkris.ac.id%2FIT%2F3065-2962%2FSeymour-Papert_14321_p2k-unkris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/seymour-papert-q0r3k0jpz">"Seymour Papert"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 5 September 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Seymour+Papert&rft.date=2023-09-05&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fseymour-papert-q0r3k0jpz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1969-the-logo-turtle-seymour-papert-marvin-minsky-et-al-american/">"1969 – The Logo Turtle – Seymour Papert et al (Sth African/American)"</a>. <i>cyberneticzoo.com</i>. 10 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cyberneticzoo.com&rft.atitle=1969+%E2%80%93+The+Logo+Turtle+%E2%80%93+Seymour+Papert+et+al+%28Sth+African%2FAmerican%29&rft.date=2010-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberneticzoo.com%2Fcyberneticanimals%2F1969-the-logo-turtle-seymour-papert-marvin-minsky-et-al-american%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310185021/http://www.thelearningbarn.org/">"Welcome to The Learning Barn ~ The Official Seymour Papert Website!"</a>. 10 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelearningbarn.org/">the original</a> on 10 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+The+Learning+Barn+~+The+Official+Seymour+Papert+Website%21&rft.date=2008-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelearningbarn.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatchan2008" class="citation news cs1">Matchan, Linda (12 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2008/07/12/in_search_of_a_beautiful_mind/">"In search of a beautiful mind"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=In+search+of+a+beautiful+mind&rft.date=2008-07-12&rft.aulast=Matchan&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Flifestyle%2Farticles%2F2008%2F07%2F12%2Fin_search_of_a_beautiful_mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siue.edu/~jandris/HTMLDocuments/ANDRIS/logow.html">"LogoWriter or the Elementary Curriculum"</a>. <i>siue.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=siue.edu&rft.atitle=LogoWriter+or+the+Elementary+Curriculum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siue.edu%2F~jandris%2FHTMLDocuments%2FANDRIS%2Flogow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marconifoundation.org/index.html">"MARCONIFOUNDATION.ORG"</a>. <i>marconifoundation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marconifoundation.org&rft.atitle=MARCONIFOUNDATION.ORG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marconifoundation.org%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henderson, Harry. 2003. <i>A to Z of Computer Scientists.</i> New York: Facts on File. p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the cover of <i>Mindstorms.</i> (date needed).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>25 years EIAH</i>, colloque EIAH 2003 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archiveseiah.univ-lemans.fr/EIAH2003/Pdf/n005-144.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171611/http://archiveseiah.univ-lemans.fr/EIAH2003/Pdf/n005-144.pdf">Archived</a> 18 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1144341.htm">Interview</a> from 11 July 2004, on the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> network</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Conférence vidéo</i>, colloque EIAH 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071221154623/http://w3appli.u-strasbg.fr/canalc2/video.asp?idvideo=1868">"Canalc2 : Seymour Papert – EIAH 2003 : Environnements Informatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain (15/04/2003)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w3appli.u-strasbg.fr/canalc2/video.asp?idvideo=1868">the original</a> on 21 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canalc2+%3A+Seymour+Papert+%E2%80%93+EIAH+2003+%3A+Environnements+Informatiques+pour+l%27Apprentissage+Humain+%2815%2F04%2F2003%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw3appli.u-strasbg.fr%2Fcanalc2%2Fvideo.asp%3Fidvideo%3D1868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeymour+Papert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Counter-free automata</i> (with Robert McNaughton), 1971, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-13076-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-13076-9">0-262-13076-9</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perceptrons_(book)" title="Perceptrons (book)">Perceptrons</a></i> (with Marvin Minsky), MIT Press, 1969 (Enlarged edition, 1988), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-63111-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-63111-3">0-262-63111-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mindstorms:_Children,_Computers,_and_Powerful_Ideas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas">Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas</a></i>, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04674-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04674-6">0-465-04674-6</a></li> <li>Papert, S. & Harel, I. (eds). (1991) <i>Constructionism: research reports and essays 1985–1990</i> by the Epistemology and Learning Research Group, the Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ablex Pub. Corp, Norwood, NJ.</li> <li><i>The Children's Machine: Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer</i>, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-01063-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-01063-6">0-465-01063-6</a></li> <li><i>The Connected Family: Bridging the Digital Generation Gap</i>, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56352-335-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56352-335-3">1-56352-335-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Papert&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Seymour_Papert" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Seymour Papert">Seymour Papert</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Seymour Papert</b> <hr 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title="Mitchel Resnick">Mitchel Resnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Solomon" title="Cynthia Solomon">Cynthia Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Logo_programming_language_family" title="Category:Logo programming language family">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lisp_programming_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lisp programming language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lisp_programming_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp programming language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">Automatic storage management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">Conditionals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">Dynamic typing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-order_function" title="Higher-order function">Higher-order functions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_list" title="Linked list">Linked lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">Macros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-expression" title="M-expression">M-expressions</a> (deprecated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop" title="Read–eval–print loop">Read–eval–print loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">Recursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-expression" title="S-expression">S-expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hosting_(compilers)" title="Self-hosting (compilers)">Self-hosting</a> <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree data structure">Tree data structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp_Object_System" title="Common Lisp Object System">Common Lisp Object System</a> (CLOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CommonLoops" title="CommonLoops">CommonLoops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavors_(programming_language)" title="Flavors (programming language)">Flavors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standardized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common<br />Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_Common_Lisp" title="Allegro Common Lisp">Allegro Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Bear_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Bear Common Lisp">Armed Bear Common Lisp</a> (ABCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLISP" title="CLISP">CLISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clozure_CL" title="Clozure CL">Clozure CL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMU_Common_Lisp" title="CMU Common Lisp">CMU Common Lisp</a> (CMUCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corman_Common_Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Corman Common Lisp">Corman Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embeddable_Common_Lisp" title="Embeddable Common Lisp">Embeddable Common Lisp</a> (ECL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Common_Lisp" title="GNU Common Lisp">GNU Common Lisp</a> (GCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LispWorks" title="LispWorks">LispWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Common_Lisp" title="Macintosh Common Lisp">Macintosh Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocl" title="Mocl">Mocl</a></li> <li>Movitz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplog" title="Poplog">Poplog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Bank_Common_Lisp" title="Steel Bank Common Lisp">Steel Bank Common Lisp</a> (SBCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Symbolics Common Lisp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Scheme_programming_language" title="History of the Scheme programming language">History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigloo" title="Bigloo">Bigloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chez_Scheme" title="Chez Scheme">Chez Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Chicken (Scheme implementation)">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit_(scheme_implementation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambit (scheme implementation)">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Oriented_Assembly_Lisp" title="Game Oriented Assembly Lisp">Game Oriented Assembly Lisp</a> (GOAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Guile" title="GNU Guile">GNU Guile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarus_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Ikarus (Scheme implementation)">Ikarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScheme" title="JScheme">JScheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawa_(Scheme_implementation)" title="Kawa (Scheme implementation)">Kawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT/GNU_Scheme" title="MIT/GNU Scheme">MIT/GNU Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MultiLisp" title="MultiLisp">MultiLisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_(programming_language)" title="Pico (programming language)">Pico</a></li> <li>Pocket Scheme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racket_(programming_language)" title="Racket (programming language)">Racket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Racket_features" title="Racket features">features</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheme_48" title="Scheme 48">Scheme 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCM_(Scheme_implementation)" title="SCM (Scheme implementation)">SCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIOD" title="SIOD">SIOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_(programming_language)" title="T (programming language)">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TinyScheme" title="TinyScheme">TinyScheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">ISLISP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenLisp" title="OpenLisp">OpenLisp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unstandardized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MSWLogo" title="MSWLogo">MSWLogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetLogo" title="NetLogo">NetLogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarLogo" title="StarLogo">StarLogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCBLogo" title="UCBLogo">UCBLogo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/POP-11" title="POP-11">POP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COWSEL" title="COWSEL">COWSEL</a> (POP-1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POP-2" title="POP-2">POP-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POP-11" title="POP-11">POP-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_(programming_language)" title="Arc (programming language)">Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoLISP" title="AutoLISP">AutoLISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBN_LISP" title="BBN LISP">BBN LISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)" title="Dylan (programming language)">Dylan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_Dylan" title="Apple Dylan">Apple</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dylan_programming_language" title="History of the Dylan programming language">history</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuLisp" title="EuLisp">EuLisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Lisp" title="Franz Lisp">Franz Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC-LISP" title="PC-LISP">PC-LISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy_(programming_language)" title="Hy (programming language)">Hy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlisp" title="Interlisp">Interlisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Engineering_Environment" title="Knowledge Engineering Environment">Knowledge Engineering Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/*Lisp" title="*Lisp">*Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeLisp" class="mw-redirect" title="LeLisp">LeLisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LFE_(programming_language)" title="LFE (programming language)">LFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisp_Machine_Lisp" title="Lisp Machine Lisp">Lisp Machine Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maclisp" title="Maclisp">Maclisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDL_(programming_language)" title="MDL (programming language)">MDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLisp" title="MLisp">MLisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewLISP" title="NewLISP">newLISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIL_(programming_language)" title="NIL (programming language)">NIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-LISP" title="PC-LISP">PC-LISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picolisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Picolisp">Picolisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Standard_Lisp" title="Portable Standard Lisp">Portable Standard Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_(programming_language)" title="RPL (programming language)">RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_Lisp" title="S-1 Lisp">S-1 Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_SKILL" title="Cadence SKILL">SKILL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Lisp" title="Spice Lisp">Spice Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetalisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Zetalisp">Zetalisp</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)#Operating_systems" title="Lisp (programming language)">List</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp_Interface_Manager" title="Common Lisp Interface Manager">Common Lisp Interface Manager</a>, <a href="/wiki/McCLIM" title="McCLIM">McCLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genera_(operating_system)" title="Genera (operating system)">Genera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scsh" title="Scsh">Scsh</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisp_machine" title="Lisp machine">Lisp machine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TI_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Explorer">TI Explorer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-cadet_keyboard" title="Space-cadet keyboard">Space-cadet keyboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community<br />of practice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheme_Requests_for_Implementation" title="Scheme Requests for Implementation">Scheme Requests for Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp_HyperSpec" title="Common Lisp HyperSpec">Common Lisp HyperSpec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3J13" title="X3J13">X3J13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp_the_Language" title="Common Lisp the Language">Common Lisp the Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Design_Programs" title="How to Design Programs">How to Design Programs</a> (HTDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Lisp" title="On Lisp">On Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_Common_Lisp" title="Practical Common Lisp">Practical Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs" title="Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs">Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs</a> (SICP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Curriculum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProgramByDesign" title="ProgramByDesign">ProgramByDesign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">Bolt, Beranek and Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlequin_(software_company)" title="Harlequin (software company)">Harlequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucid_Inc." title="Lucid Inc.">Lucid Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolics" title="Symbolics">Symbolics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanalys" title="Xanalys">Xanalys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> (CSAIL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes#Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="Stanford University centers and institutes">Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Berkeley" title="Edmund Berkeley">Edmund Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_G._Bobrow" title="Daniel G. Bobrow">Daniel G. Bobrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clinger_(computer_scientist)" title="William Clinger (computer scientist)">William Clinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Kent_Dybvig" title="R. Kent Dybvig">R. Kent Dybvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Findler" title="Robert Bruce Findler">Robert Bruce Findler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flatt" title="Matthew Flatt">Matthew Flatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Fox" title="Phyllis Fox">Phyllis Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Graham_(programmer)" title="Paul Graham (programmer)">Paul Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Greenblatt_(programmer)" title="Richard Greenblatt (programmer)">Richard Greenblatt</a></li> <li>Timothy P. Hart</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hodes" title="Louis Hodes">Louis Hodes</a></li> <li>Mike Levin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Luckham" title="David Luckham">David Luckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tappan_Morris" title="Robert Tappan Morris">Robert Tappan Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Moses" title="Joel Moses">Joel Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Park_(computer_scientist)" title="David Park (computer scientist)">David Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)" title="Steve Russell (computer scientist)">Steve Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fahlman" title="Scott Fahlman">Scott Fahlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Gabriel" title="Richard P. Gabriel">Richard P. Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Greenspun" title="Philip Greenspun">Philip Greenspun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenspun%27s_tenth_rule" title="Greenspun's tenth rule">10th rule</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Moon" title="David A. Moon">David A. Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Pitman" title="Kent Pitman">Kent Pitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Weinreb" title="Daniel Weinreb">Daniel Weinreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Felleisen" title="Matthias Felleisen">Matthias Felleisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shriram_Krishnamurthi" title="Shriram Krishnamurthi">Shriram Krishnamurthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_L._Steele_Jr." title="Guy L. Steele Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Jay_Sussman" title="Gerald Jay Sussman">Gerald Jay Sussman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Sussman" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Sussman">Julie Sussman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Abelson" title="Hal Abelson">Hal Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison_Bollay" title="Denison Bollay">Denison Bollay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Feurzeig" title="Wally Feurzeig">Wally Feurzeig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Harvey_(lecturer)" title="Brian Harvey (lecturer)">Brian Harvey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seymour Papert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Resnick" title="Mitchel Resnick">Mitchel Resnick</a></li> <li><a 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hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335027#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJq6VCMYTCCGQb9TV94rMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136174604">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80024549">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11918555n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11918555n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452102">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Papert, Seymour"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV034012">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35408272">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jcu2011676109&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1166498">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/369149">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068090749">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00850774?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=20656">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/profile/81100301149">Association for Computing Machinery</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:papert.seymour-a">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/p/SPapert">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/253318">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/942088">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/136174604">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027057488">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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