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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guitar_builder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guitar_builder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Guitar builder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guitar_builder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multitrack_recording" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multitrack_recording"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Multitrack recording</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multitrack_recording-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Les Paul and Mary Ford</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_and_television_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_and_television_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Radio and television programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_and_television_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concerts_and_exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerts_and_exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Concerts and exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concerts_and_exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Albums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solo_Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo_Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Solo Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solo_Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-With_Les_Paul_And_His_Trio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_Les_Paul_And_His_Trio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>With Les Paul And His Trio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_Les_Paul_And_His_Trio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hit_singles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hit_singles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hit singles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hit_singles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Singles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Les Paul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="لس بول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لس بول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لس پال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لس پال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2" title="লেস পল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেস পল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Лес Пол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лес Пол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لس پال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لس پال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B4" title="레스 폴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레스 폴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Լես Պոլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լես Պոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="לס פול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לס פול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Less_Pols" title="Less Pols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Less Pols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="ലെസ് പോൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെസ് പോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="لس بول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لس بول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="レス・ポール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レス・ポール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Лес Пол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лес Пол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Лес Пол – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лес Пол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เลส พอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลส พอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Лес Пол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лес Пол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Les Paul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97" title="莱斯·保罗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莱斯·保罗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the musician. For the guitar named after him, see <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Gibson Les Paul</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Les Paul</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Paul,_ca._Jan._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_07001).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul c. January 1947"><img alt="Paul c. January 1947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg/220px-Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg/330px-Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg/440px-Les_Paul%2C_ca._Jan._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_07001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="935" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Paul <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> January 1947</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Lester William Polsfuss</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-06-09</span>)</span>June 9, 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 12, 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-08-12)</span> (aged 94)<br /><a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">acoustic music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>songwriter</li><li>inventor</li><li>luthier</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>guitar</li><li>harmonica</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1928–2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouses</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Virginia Webb</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1937; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1949)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1964)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.les-paul.com/">www<wbr />.les-paul<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Lester William Polsfuss</b> (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009), known as <b>Les Paul</b>, was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitarist" title="Jazz guitarist">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_guitarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Country guitarist">country</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> guitarist, songwriter, <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthier</a>, and inventor. He was one of the pioneers of the <a href="/wiki/Solid_body" title="Solid body">solid-body</a> electric guitar, and his prototype, called the Log, served as inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Gibson Les Paul</a>. Paul taught himself how to play guitar, and while he is mainly known for jazz and popular music, he had an early career in country music.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, he and his wife, singer and guitarist <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a>, recorded numerous records, selling millions of copies. </p><p>Paul is credited with many recording innovations. His early experiments with <a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">overdubbing</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/History_of_sound_recording#Electrical_recording" title="History of sound recording">sound on sound</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">delay effects</a> such as tape delay, <a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">phasing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">multitrack recording</a> were among the first to attract widespread attention.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Lick_(music)" title="Lick (music)">licks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trill_(music)" title="Trill (music)">trills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chording" title="Chording">chording</a> sequences, <a href="/wiki/Fingerboard#Frets" title="Fingerboard">fretting</a> techniques, and timing set him apart from his contemporaries and inspired many guitarists of the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among his many honors, Paul is one of a handful of artists with a permanent exhibit in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is prominently named by the music museum on its website as an "architect" and a "key inductee" with <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed">Alan Freed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul is the only inductee in both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul was born Lester William Polsfuss<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha</a>, Wisconsin, to George<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Evelyn (Stutz) Polsfuss, both of German ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul's mother was related to the founders of <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Blatz_Brewing_Company" title="Valentin Blatz Brewing Company">Valentin Blatz Brewing Company</a> and the makers of the <a href="/wiki/Stutz_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutz Motor Company">Stutz</a> automobile.<sup id="cite_ref-bookref1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookref1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents divorced when he was a child.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother simplified their Prussian family name first to Polfuss, then to Polfus, although Les Paul <a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">never legally changed his name</a>. Before taking the stage name Les Paul, he performed as Red Hot Red<sup id="cite_ref-thirteen_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thirteen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rhubarb Red.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of eight, Paul began playing the harmonica. After learning the piano, he switched to the banjo and guitar. During this time, Paul invented a neck-worn harmonica holder, which allowed him to play both sides of the harmonica, hands-free, while performing on the banjo and guitar. Les Paul's hands-free design is still widely manufactured today.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By age thirteen, Paul was performing semi-professionally as a <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country-music</a> singer, guitarist, and harmonica player. While playing at Waukesha area drive-ins and <a href="/wiki/Roadhouse_(facility)#USA_and_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadhouse (facility)">roadhouses</a>, Paul began his first experiment with sound. Wanting to make his acoustic guitar heard by more people at the local venues, he wired a <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> needle to his guitar and connected it to a radio speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a teen Paul experimented with <a href="/wiki/Envelope_(music)" title="Envelope (music)">sustain</a> by using a 2-foot piece of rail from a nearby train line.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age seventeen, Paul played with Rube Tronson's Texas Cowboys, and soon after he dropped out of high school to team up with Sunny Joe Wolverton's Radio Band in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, on <a href="/wiki/KMOX" title="KMOX">KMOX</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul and Wolverton moved to Chicago in 1934, where they continued to perform country music on radio station <a href="/wiki/WBBM_(AM)" title="WBBM (AM)">WBBM</a> and at the 1934 Chicago World's Fair. While in Chicago, Paul learned jazz from the great performers on Chicago's Southside. During the day, he played country music as Rhubarb Red on the radio. At night, he was Les Paul, playing jazz. He met pianist <a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a>, whose playing influenced him to continue with the guitar rather than play jazz on the piano.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul:_The_Living_Legend_of_the_Electric_Guitar_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul:_The_Living_Legend_of_the_Electric_Guitar-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first two records were released in 1936, credited to "Rhubarb Red", Paul's hillbilly alter ego. He also served as an accompanist for other bands signed to <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>. During this time, he began adding different sounds and adopted his stage name of Les Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Portrait_of_Les_Paul,_New_York,_N.Y.(%3F),_ca._Jan._1947)_(LOC)_(5105151726).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg/220px-%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg/330px-%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg/440px-%28Portrait_of_Les_Paul%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%28%3F%29%2C_ca._Jan._1947%29_%28LOC%29_%285105151726%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption>Les Paul playing live, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1947</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Paul's guitar style was strongly influenced by the music of <a href="/wiki/Django_Reinhardt" title="Django Reinhardt">Django Reinhardt</a>, whom he greatly admired.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Paul sought out and made friends with Reinhardt. When Reinhardt died in 1953, Paul paid for part of the funeral's cost.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Paul's prized possessions was a <a href="/wiki/Selmer_guitar" title="Selmer guitar">Selmer</a> acoustic guitar given to him by Reinhardt's widow.<sup id="cite_ref-thirteen_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thirteen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul formed a trio in 1937 with rhythm guitarist Jim Atkins<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (older half-brother of guitarist <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a>) and bassist<sup id="cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/percussionist Ernie "Darius" Newton. They left Chicago for New York in 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> landing a featured spot with <a href="/wiki/The_Fred_Waring_Show_(radio_program)" title="The Fred Waring Show (radio program)">Fred Waring's radio show</a>. Chet Atkins later wrote that his brother, home on a family visit, presented him with an expensive <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar">Gibson</a> archtop guitar that Les Paul had given to Jim. Chet recalled that it was the first professional-quality instrument he ever owned.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While jamming in his apartment basement in 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul nearly succumbed to electrocution. During two years of recuperation, he moved to Chicago where he was the music director for radio stations WJJD and WIND. In 1943, he moved to Hollywood where he performed on radio and formed a new trio. </p><p>He was drafted into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> in 1943,<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he served in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Radio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Radio Network">Armed Forces Radio Network</a>, backing such artists as <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">the Andrews Sisters</a>, and performing in his own right.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a last-minute replacement for <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Moore" title="Oscar Moore">Oscar Moore</a>, Paul played with <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> and other artists in the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_the_Philharmonic" title="Jazz at the Philharmonic">Jazz at the Philharmonic</a> concert in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, on July 2, 1944. His solo on "<a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Body and Soul (song)">Body and Soul</a>" is a demonstration of his admiration for and emulation of Django Reinhardt, as well as his development of original lines. </p><p>Also that year, Paul's trio appeared on Bing Crosby's radio show. Crosby sponsored Paul's recordings. They recorded together several times, including "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Long,_Long_Time" title="It's Been a Long, Long Time">It's Been a Long, Long Time</a>", which was a No. 1 hit<sup id="cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1945. Paul recorded several albums for <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a> in the 1940s. <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a> hired his trio to open for them during a tour in 1946. Their manager, Lou Levy, said watching Paul's fingers while he played guitar was like watching a train go by.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their conductor, <a href="/wiki/Vic_Schoen" title="Vic Schoen">Vic Schoen</a>, said his playing was always original.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maxine Andrews said, "He'd tune into the passages we were singing and lightly play the melody, sometimes in harmony. We'd sing these fancy licks and he'd keep up with us note for note in exactly the same rhythm... almost contributing a fourth voice. But he never once took the attention away from what we were doing. He did everything he could to make us sound better."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, when he recorded Mary Ford's vocals on multiple tracks, he created music that sounded like <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">the Andrews Sisters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1948, Paul shattered his right arm and elbow among multiple injuries in a near-fatal automobile accident on an icy <a href="/wiki/Route_66" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 66">Route 66</a> west of <a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Oklahoma" title="Davenport, Oklahoma">Davenport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>. Mary Ford was driving the <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> convertible, which plunged off the side of a railroad overpass and dropped twenty feet into a ravine. They were returning from Wisconsin to Los Angeles after visiting family.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doctors at Oklahoma City's Wesley Hospital told Paul that they could not rebuild his elbow. Their other option was <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputation</a>. Paul was flown to Los Angeles, where his arm was set at an angle—just over 90 degrees—that allowed him to cradle and pick the guitar. It took him nearly a year and a half to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-freshair_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freshair-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guitar_builder">Guitar builder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Guitar builder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daves58historic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Daves58historic.jpg/220px-Daves58historic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Daves58historic.jpg/330px-Daves58historic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Daves58historic.jpg/440px-Daves58historic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Gibson '58 Reissue Les Paul guitar (2005)</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="The_Log"></span> In 1940, Les Paul revisited his experiments with the train rail. This time he created a similar prototype instrument, a one-off solid-body electric guitar known as "The Log", which was manufactured utilizing a common construction material often referred to as a “4×4 stud post”, which provided a unique neck-thru design. The “stud post” (a 4″ × 4″ section of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a>) was then equipped with a crude bridge and an electromagnetic <a href="/wiki/Pickup_(music_technology)" title="Pickup (music technology)">pickup</a>, neck and strings. The Log was constructed by Paul after-hours in the New York City <a href="/wiki/Epiphone" title="Epiphone">Epiphone</a> guitar factory, and is one of the first solid-body electric guitars.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the sake of appearance, he attached the body of an <a href="/wiki/Epiphone" title="Epiphone">Epiphone</a> hollow-body guitar sawn lengthwise with The Log in the middle. This solved his two main problems: <a href="/wiki/Audio_feedback" title="Audio feedback">feedback</a>, as the acoustic body no longer resonated with the amplified sound, and sustain, as the energy of the strings was not dissipated in generating sound through the guitar body. These instruments were constantly being improved and modified over the years, and Paul continued to use them in his recordings even after the development of his eponymous Gibson model. </p><p>Paul approached the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Gibson Guitar Corporation</a> with his idea of a solid-body electric guitar in 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Gibson showed no interest until Fender began marketing its <a href="/wiki/Fender_Esquire" title="Fender Esquire">Esquire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecaster">Broadcaster</a> guitars in 1950 (the Broadcaster was renamed the Telecaster in 1952). </p><p>Gibson's <a href="/wiki/Ted_McCarty" title="Ted McCarty">Ted McCarty</a> was the chief designer of the guitar, which was based on Paul's drawings and later dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Gibson Les Paul</a>. Gibson entered into a promotional and financial arrangement with Les Paul, paying him a royalty on sales.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guitar went on sale in 1952. Paul continued to make design suggestions. </p><p>In 1960, sales of the original Les Paul model had dropped, so a more modernistic model was introduced (today called the SG), but then still bearing the Les Paul name. Not liking the new look and severe problems with the strength of the body and neck, made Paul dissatisfied with this new Gibson guitar. This, and a pending divorce from <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a>, led to Paul ending his endorsement and use of his name on Gibson guitars from 1964 until 1966, by which time his divorce was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Headless_guitar"></span> Paul continued to suggest technical improvements, although they were not always successful commercially. In 1962, Paul was issued <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3018680">U.S. patent 3,018,680</a></span>, for a pickup in which the coil was integrated into the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1940s, he introduced an aluminum guitar with the tuning mechanisms below the bridge. As it had no headstock, and the string attachments were at the nut, it was the first "headless" guitar. Unfortunately, Paul's guitar was so sensitive to the heat from stage lights that it would not keep tune. However, he used it for several of his hit recordings. This style was further developed by others, most successfully Ned <a href="/wiki/Steinberger" title="Steinberger">Steinberger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A less-expensive version of the Les Paul guitar is manufactured for Gibson's <a href="/wiki/Epiphone" title="Epiphone">Epiphone</a> brand.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multitrack_recording">Multitrack recording</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Multitrack recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul first experimented with sound on sound while in elementary school when he punched holes in the <a href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">piano roll</a> for his mother's <a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">player piano</a>. In 1946, his mother complimented him on a song she had heard on the radio, when in fact she had heard George Barnes, not Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This motivated Paul to spend two years in his Hollywood garage recording studio, creating his unique sound, his New Sound. Paul stunned the music industry with his New Sound in 1948. </p><p>Paul recorded several songs with Bing Crosby, most notably "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Long,_Long_Time" title="It's Been a Long, Long Time">It's Been a Long, Long Time</a>," which was a number-one single in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a recording session, Bing Crosby suggested that Paul build a recording studio so he could produce the sound he wanted. Paul started his studio in the garage of his home on North Curson Street in Hollywood. The studio drew many vocalists and musicians who wanted the benefit of his expertise. His experiments included microphone placement, track speed, and recording overdubs. These methods resulted in a clarity previously unheard in this type of multitrack recording. People began to consider his recording techniques as instruments—as important to production as a guitar, bass, or drums.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Capitol Records released "<a href="/wiki/Lover_(When_You%27re_Near_Me)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lover (When You're Near Me)">Lover (When You're Near Me)</a>", on which Paul played eight different parts on electric guitar,<sup id="cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some recorded at half-speed, hence "double-fast" when played back at normal speed for the <a href="/wiki/Master_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Master recording">master</a>. This was the first time he used multitracking in a recording. His early multitrack recordings, including "Lover" and "Brazil", were made with <a href="/wiki/Acetate_disc" title="Acetate disc">acetate discs</a>. He recorded a track onto a disk, then recorded himself playing another part with the first. He built the multitrack recording with overlaid tracks rather than parallel ones as he did later. By the time he had a result that satisfied him, he had discarded some five hundred recording disks. </p><p>As a teen he had built a disc-cutter assembly using the flywheel from a <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>, a dental belt and other parts from his father's car repair shop. Years later in his Hollywood garage, he used the acetate disc setup to record parts at different speeds and with delay, resulting in his signature sound with echoes and birdsong-like guitar riffs. </p><p>In 1949, Crosby gave Paul one of the first <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> Model 200A <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">reel to reel tape recorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul invented sound on sound recording using this machine by placing an additional playback head, located before the conventional erase/record/playback heads. This allowed Paul to play along with a previously recorded track, both of which were mixed together onto a new track. The Ampex was a monophonic tape recorder with only one track across the entire width of quarter-inch tape, and therefore, the recording was "destructive" in the sense that the original recording was permanently replaced with the new, mixed recording. He eventually enhanced this by using one tape machine to play back the original recording and a second to record the combined track. This preserved the original recording.<sup id="cite_ref-aes.org_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes.org-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, Paul invented the <a href="/wiki/Flanging" title="Flanging">flange effect</a>, wherein two recordings of the same sound run slightly asynchronously, causing phase cancellations that sweep through the frequency range. The first example of this can be heard on his song "Mammy's Boogie".<sup id="cite_ref-Bode_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bode-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observing film recordings inspired Paul to design the stacking of eight tape recorders. He worked with <a href="/wiki/Ross_S._Snyder" title="Ross S. Snyder">Ross Snyder</a> on the design of the first eight-track recording deck built for him by Ampex for his home studio.<sup id="cite_ref-Garage_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garage-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aes.org_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes.org-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rein Narma built a custom 8-channel mixing console for him.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mixing board included in-line <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">equalization</a> and vibrato effects. He named the recorder "The Octopus" and the mixing console "The Monster".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "octopus" was inspired by comedian <a href="/wiki/W._C._Fields" title="W. C. Fields">W. C. Fields</a>, who was the first person to hear Paul play his multi-tracked guitar experiments. "He came to my garage to make a little record (in 1946)," Les recalled. "I played him the acetate of 'Lover' that I'd done. When he heard it, he said, 'My boy, you sound like an octopus.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford">Les Paul and Mary Ford</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Les Paul and Mary Ford"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford" title="Les Paul and Mary Ford">Les Paul and Mary Ford</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg/220px-Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg/330px-Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg/440px-Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford_1954.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Paul and Mary Ford in 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>In the summer of 1945, Paul met country-western singer Iris Colleen Summers. They began working together on Paul's radio show, as Rhubarb Red and The Ozark Apple Knockers with Mary Lou. Later Paul suggested the stage name <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a>. They married in Milwaukee in 1949. </p><p>Their hits included "<a href="/wiki/How_High_the_Moon" title="How High the Moon">How High the Moon</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Blues_(song)" title="Bye Bye Blues (song)">Bye Bye Blues</a>", "Song in Blue", "Don'cha Hear Them Bells", "<a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Waiting_for_the_Sunrise" title="The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise">The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Vaya_con_Dios_(song)" title="Vaya con Dios (song)">Vaya con Dios</a>". The songs were recorded with multiple tracks where Ford harmonized with herself and Paul played multiple layers of guitars. </p><p>They used the recording technique known as <a href="/wiki/Close_miking" class="mw-redirect" title="Close miking">close miking</a><sup id="cite_ref-Garage_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garage-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the microphone is less than 6 inches (15 cm) from the singer's mouth. This produces a more intimate, less reverberant sound than when a singer is 1 foot (30 cm) or more from the microphone. When using a pressure-gradient (uni- or bi-directional) microphone, it emphasizes low-frequency sounds in the voice due to the microphone's <a href="/wiki/Proximity_effect_(audio)" title="Proximity effect (audio)">proximity effect</a> and gives a more relaxed feel because the performer is not working as hard. The result is a singing style which diverged from the unamplified theater style of the musical comedies of the 1930s and 1940s. </p><p>They also performed music-hall style semi-comic routines with Mary mimicking whatever line Les decided to improvise.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_and_television_programs">Radio and television programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Radio and television programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul hosted a 15-minute radio program, <i>The Les Paul Show</i>, on <a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Radio">NBC Radio</a> in 1950, featuring his trio (himself, Ford and rhythm player Eddie Stapleton) and his electronics. The program was recorded from their home and with gentle humor between Paul and Ford bridging musical selections, some of which had already been successful on records, some of which anticipated the couple's recordings, and many of which presented re-interpretations of such jazz and pop selections as "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Mood" title="In the Mood">In the Mood</a>", "Little Rock Getaway", "Brazil", and "<a href="/wiki/Tiger_Rag" title="Tiger Rag">Tiger Rag</a>". Many of these shows survive and are available from various sources.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Paul used magnetic tape, he could take his recording equipment on tour, making episodes for his fifteen-minute radio show in a hotel room. </p><p>The show appeared on television a few years later with the same format, but excluding the trio and retitled <i>Les Paul & Mary Ford at Home</i> with "Vaya Con Dios" as the <a href="/wiki/Theme_music" title="Theme music">theme song</a>. Sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Warner%E2%80%93Lambert" title="Warner–Lambert">Warner–Lambert</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Listerine" title="Listerine">Listerine</a> <a href="/wiki/Mouthwash" title="Mouthwash">mouthwash</a>, it was aired on <a href="/wiki/NBC_television" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC television">NBC television</a> during 1954–1955, and then was <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicated</a> until 1960. The five-minute show, consisting of the performance of only one or two songs, aired five times a day, five days a week, and therefore was used as a brief interlude or fill-in for programming schedules. Since Paul created the entire show himself, including audio and video, he maintained the original recordings and was in the process of restoring them to current quality standards until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Cellini_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cellini-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his radio shows, Paul introduced the fictional "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Les_Paulverizer"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Les Paulverizer</span></span>" device, which multiplies anything fed into it, such as a guitar sound or a voice. It was Paul's way of explaining how his single guitar could be multiplied to become a group of guitars. The device even became the subject of comedy, with Ford multiplying herself and her <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">vacuum cleaner</a> with it so she could finish the housework faster. Later, Paul created a real Les Paulverizer that he attached to his guitar. The invention allowed Paul to access pre-recorded layers of songs during live performances so he could replicate his recorded sound on stage.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation5_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Paul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Les_Paul.jpg/155px-Les_Paul.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Les_Paul.jpg/233px-Les_Paul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Les_Paul.jpg/310px-Les_Paul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Paul in May 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965, Paul went into semi-retirement, although he did return to his studio occasionally. He and Ford had divorced at the end of 1964 after she became tired of touring.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdiv_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdiv-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Paul's most recognizable recordings from then through the mid-1970s was an album for <a href="/wiki/London_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="London Records">London Records</a>/<a href="/wiki/Phase_4_Stereo" title="Phase 4 Stereo">Phase 4 Stereo</a>, <i>Les Paul Now</i> (1968), on which he updated some of his earlier hits. Paul played the initial guitar track, and <a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(musician)" title="George Barnes (musician)">George Barnes</a> laid down the additional tracks while Paul engineered in his home studio. He also recorded two albums, <i><a href="/wiki/Chester_and_Lester" title="Chester and Lester">Chester and Lester</a></i> (1976) and <i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Monsters" title="Guitar Monsters">Guitar Monsters</a></i> (1978), for <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>, comprising a meld of jazz and country improvisation with guitar virtuoso <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a>, backed by some of <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>'s celebrated studio musicians. </p><p>In 1969 Paul produced the album <i>Poe Through the Glass Prism</i> for RCA. The album featured songs based on Edgar Allan Poe's writing by the northeastern Pennsylvania band the Glass Prism. The album produced a single titled "The Raven" that appeared on Billboard's Hot 100. </p><p>As years progressed Paul played at slower tempos with a large pick that was easier to hold in his arthritic hand. In 2006, at the age of 90, he won two Grammy Awards at the <a href="/wiki/48th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="48th Annual Grammy Awards">48th Annual Grammy Awards</a> for his album <i>Les Paul & Friends: American Made World Played</i>. He also performed every Monday night at Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a> with guitarist Lou Pallo, bassist Paul Nowinski (and later, <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Parrott" title="Nicki Parrott">Nicki Parrott</a>), and guitarist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Vignola" title="Frank Vignola">Frank Vignola</a> and for a few years, pianist <a href="/wiki/John_Colianni" title="John Colianni">John Colianni</a>. Paul, Pallo and Nowinski also performed at <a href="/wiki/Scheffel_Hall" title="Scheffel Hall">Fat Tuesdays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Milicia_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milicia-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composer Richard Stein sued Paul for plagiarism, charging that Paul's "<a href="/wiki/Johnny_Is_the_Boy_for_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Is the Boy for Me">Johnny (is the Boy for Me)</a>" was taken from Stein's 1937 song "Sanie cu zurgălăi" (Romanian for "Sleigh with Bells"). In 2000, a cover version of "Johnny" by Belgian musical group <a href="/wiki/Vaya_Con_Dios_(band)" title="Vaya Con Dios (band)">Vaya Con Dios</a> that credited Paul prompted another action by the Romanian Musical Performing and Mechanical Rights Society.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-copyrightE_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyrightE-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Paul_laughing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Les_Paul_laughing.jpg/220px-Les_Paul_laughing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Les_Paul_laughing.jpg/330px-Les_Paul_laughing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Les_Paul_laughing.jpg/440px-Les_Paul_laughing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="1603" /></a><figcaption>Paul with pianist John Colianni</figcaption></figure> <p>Les Paul married Virginia Webb in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-The_early_years_of_the_Les_Paul_legacy,_1915-1963_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_early_years_of_the_Les_Paul_legacy,_1915-1963-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children, Les Paul Jr. (Rusty) (1941–2015), and Gene (1944), who was named after actor-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Gene_Lockhart" title="Gene Lockhart">Gene Lockhart</a>. </p><p>After getting divorced in 1949, Paul married <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a> (born Iris Colleen Summers).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best man and matron of honor were the parents of guitarist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Miller_(musician)" title="Steve Miller (musician)">Steve Miller</a>, whose family was from <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>. Paul was Miller's godfather and his first guitar teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hernandez_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hernandez-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ford gave birth to their first child on November 30, 1954, but the girl was born prematurely and died when she was four days old.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They adopted a girl, Colleen, in 1958, and their son, Robert (Bobby), was born the following year. Paul and Ford divorced in December 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdiv_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdiv-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul and Ford maintained a house in <a href="/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey" title="Mahwah, New Jersey">Mahwah, New Jersey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after their divorce Ford lived there until her death in 1977. </p><p>In 1995, Paul established the Les Paul Foundation, which was designed to remain dormant until his death. The Les Paul Foundation aims to inspire innovative and creative thinking by sharing the legacy of Les Paul through support of music education, recording, innovation, and medical research related to hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Foundation established the Les Paul Innovation Award in 1991 and the Les Paul Spirit Award in 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 12, 2009, Paul died of complications from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> at White Plains Hospital in <a href="/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York" title="White Plains, New York">White Plains, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After hearing about his death, many musicians commented on his importance. <a href="/wiki/Slash_(musician)" title="Slash (musician)">Slash</a> called him "vibrant and full of positive energy", while <a href="/wiki/Richie_Sambora" title="Richie Sambora">Richie Sambora</a> called him a "revolutionary in the music business". <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a> said, "His legacy as a musician and inventor will live on and his influence on rock and roll will never be forgotten."<sup id="cite_ref-Gathersnomoss_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gathersnomoss-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Slowtime_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slowtime-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 21, 2009, he was buried in Prairie Home Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg/170px-Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg/255px-Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg/340px-Rog_Les_PaulEdit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Paul and audio engineer <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nichols_(recording_engineer)" title="Roger Nichols (recording engineer)">Roger Nichols</a>, both winners of Technical Grammy Awards</figcaption></figure> <p>A few of Les Paul's many awards are listed below. In 2007, he was given the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> from U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a> (2005) for his development of the solid-body electric guitar.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> by guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck">Jeff Beck</a>, who said, "I've copied more licks from Les Paul than I'd like to admit." He was also inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> (2005), the Big Band & Jazz Hall of Fame (1990), the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame">New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame</a> (1996), and the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Hall_of_Fame" title="New Jersey Hall of Fame">New Jersey Hall of Fame</a> (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two of his songs entered the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a>: "<a href="/wiki/How_High_the_Moon" title="How High the Moon">How High the Moon</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Vaya_Con_Dios_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaya Con Dios (song)">Vaya Con Dios</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, he and <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a> received the Grammy Award for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Country Instrumental Performance">Best Country Instrumental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, he won <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance">Best Pop Instrumental</a> for "Caravan" and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance">Best Rock Instrumental</a> for "69 Freedom Special." </p><p>In 1983, Paul received a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Trustees_Award" title="Grammy Trustees Award">Grammy Trustees Award</a> for lifetime achievement. In 2001, he was honored with the Special Merit/<a href="/wiki/Technical_Grammy_Award" title="Technical Grammy Award">Technical Grammy Award</a>, which recognizes "individuals or institutions that have set the highest standards of excellence in the creative application of audio technology," a select award given to masters of audio innovation including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Fender" title="Leo Fender">Leo Fender</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> recording engineer <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Emerick" title="Geoff Emerick">Geoff Emerick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, he received an Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award in Engineering and a Lifetime Achievement in Music Education from the Wisconsin Foundation for School Music.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, he and Mary Ford received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Paul was named one of the top ten electric guitarists of all time by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i> magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later he was named the eighteenth greatest guitarist of all time by <i>Rolling Stone</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same year, his name was added to the <a href="/wiki/Music_City_Walk_of_Fame" title="Music City Walk of Fame">Nashville Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, for Paul's birthday on June 9–10, an interactive <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> was shown on the <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> homepage where the Google logo itself is formed as a Les Paul guitar and the user was able to play and record music. By the next 48 hours, approximately 40 million songs were recorded by users.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concerts_and_exhibitions">Concerts and exhibitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Concerts and exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Paul_live_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Les_Paul_live_3.jpg/170px-Les_Paul_live_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Les_Paul_live_3.jpg/255px-Les_Paul_live_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Les_Paul_live_3.jpg/340px-Les_Paul_live_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Paul playing a <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Gibson Les Paul</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a> in New York City, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2005, a 90th-birthday tribute concert was held for Les Paul at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> in New York City. After performances by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Miller_(musician)" title="Steve Miller (musician)">Steve Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Frampton" title="Peter Frampton">Peter Frampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jose_Feliciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Feliciano">Jose Feliciano</a>, and a number of others, Paul was presented with a commemorative guitar from the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar">Gibson Guitar</a> Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-Landers_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landers-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, at a tribute concert at the <a href="/wiki/State_Theatre_(Cleveland,_Ohio)" title="State Theatre (Cleveland, Ohio)">State Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, he received the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's American Music Masters Award.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferris_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferris-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 9, 2015, a yearlong celebration of Paul's 100th birthday kicked off in <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> with performances by musicians including Steve Miller, <a href="/wiki/Jose_Feliciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Feliciano">Jose Feliciano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Schon" title="Neal Schon">Neal Schon</a>, a memorabilia exhibition, and a proclamation from the Les Paul Foundation declaring June 9 as Les Paul Day.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the biographical film <i>Les Paul Chasing Sound</i> was aired on the public television series <a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a>. The premier showing was held at Milwaukee's Downer Theater in conjunction with a concert Paul put on for the Waukesha County Historical Society & Museum. The film contained interviews with Les Paul, performances by his trio on his 90th birthday, and interview commentary and performances by other musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2008, an exhibit showcasing Paul's legacy and featuring items from his personal collection opened at <a href="/wiki/Discovery_World" title="Discovery World">Discovery World</a> in Milwaukee.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul played a concert in Milwaukee to coincide with the opening of the exhibit.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul's hometown of Waukesha, Wisconsin, opened a permanent exhibit titled "The Les Paul Experience" at the Waukesha County Museum in June 2013. The exhibit features artifacts on loan from the Les Paul Foundation. A self-guided tour of Les Paul's Waukesha was created by the Les Paul Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation_6_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation_6-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A permanent Les Paul exhibit is also located at the Mahwah Historical Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other museums that include Les Paul are the Museum of Making Music in Phoenix and the Grammy Museum in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. </p><p>In 2009, the concert film <i>Les Paul Live in New York</i> was aired on public television showing Les Paul performing on his 90th birthday at the <a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a> in New York and in archival clips.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albums">Albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Albums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solo_Career">Solo Career</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Solo Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The New Sound</i> (Capitol, 78 rpm and 45 rpm <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a>, 1950; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">33<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> rpm LP, 1955)</li> <li><i>Les Paul's New Sound, Vol. 2</i> (Capitol, 1951)</li> <li><i>Bye Bye Blues!</i> (Capitol, 1952)</li> <li><i>The Hit Makers!</i> (Capitol, 1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_and_Mary" title="Les and Mary">Les and Mary</a></i> (Capitol, 1955)</li> <li><i>Songs of Today</i> (Capitol, 45 rpm <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a>, 1956)</li> <li><i>Time to Dream</i> (Capitol, 1957)</li> <li><i>The Hits of Les and Mary</i> (Capitol, 1960)</li> <li><i>Les Paul and Mary Ford</i> (Capitol, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">33<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> rpm <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a>, 1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_of_Roses_(album)" title="Bouquet of Roses (album)">Bouquet of Roses</a></i> (Columbia, 1962)</li> <li><i>Warm and Wonderful</i> (Columbia, 1962)</li> <li><i>Les Paul Now</i> (Decca, 1968)</li> <li><i>The World Is Still Waiting For The Sunrise</i> (Capitol, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chester_and_Lester" title="Chester and Lester">Chester and Lester</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a> (RCA Victor, 1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Monsters" title="Guitar Monsters">Guitar Monsters</a></i> with Chet Atkins (RCA Victor, 1978)</li> <li><i>Early Les Paul</i> (Capitol, 1982)</li> <li><i>Feed Back 1944–1955</i> (Circle, 1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_the_Capitol_Masters:_Selections_from_%22The_Legend_and_the_Legacy%22_Box_Set" title="The Best of the Capitol Masters: Selections from "The Legend and the Legacy" Box Set">The Best of the Capitol Masters: Selections from "The Legend and the Legacy" Box Set</a></i> (Capitol, 1992)</li> <li><i>American Made World Played</i> (Capitol, 2005)</li> <li><i>A Tribute to a Legend</i> (Immergent, 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="With_Les_Paul_And_His_Trio">With Les Paul And His Trio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: With Les Paul And His Trio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hawaiian Paradise (Decca, 1946)</li> <li>Galloping Guitars (Decca, 1951)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hit_singles">Hit singles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hit singles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th rowspan="2">Single </th> <th colspan="4">Chart positions </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">US</a></sup> </th> <th style="width:35px;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)" title="Cashbox (magazine)">CB</a></sup> </th> <th style="width:35px;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">US Country</a></sup> </th> <th style="width:35px;"><sup><a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Long,_Long_Time" title="It's Been a Long, Long Time">It's Been a Long, Long Time</a>" <small>(with <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>)</small> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Rumors_Are_Flying" title="Rumors Are Flying">Rumors Are Flying</a>" <small>(with <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a>)</small> </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1948 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Lover_(Rodgers_and_Hart_song)" title="Lover (Rodgers and Hart song)">Lover</a>" </td> <td>21 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Aquarela_do_Brasil" title="Aquarela do Brasil">Brazil</a>" </td> <td>22 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Love%3F" title="What Is This Thing Called Love?">What Is This Thing Called Love?</a>" </td> <td>11 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1950 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Nola" </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Goofus_(song)" title="Goofus (song)">Goofus</a>" </td> <td>21 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Little Rock Getaway" </td> <td>18 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Waltz" title="Tennessee Waltz">Tennessee Waltz</a>" </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">1951 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Jazz Me Blues" </td> <td>23 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Mockin%27_Bird_Hill" title="Mockin' Bird Hill">Mockin' Bird Hill</a>"<small>(gold record)</small> </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/How_High_the_Moon" title="How High the Moon">How High the Moon</a>"<small>(gold record)</small><sup>A</sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Josephine_(Wayne_King_song)" title="Josephine (Wayne King song)">Josephine</a>" </td> <td>12 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"I Wish I Had Never Seen Sunshine" </td> <td>18 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Waiting_for_the_Sunrise" title="The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise">The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise</a>"<small>(gold record)</small> </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Whispering_(song)" title="Whispering (song)">Whispering</a>" </td> <td>7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Just One More Chance" </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>" </td> <td>10 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">1952 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Tiger_Rag" title="Tiger Rag">Tiger Rag</a>" </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Confessin%27" title="Confessin'">I'm Confessin'</a>" </td> <td>13 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Carioca_(1933_song)" title="Carioca (1933 song)">Carioca</a>" </td> <td>14 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Good_Old_Summertime_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="In the Good Old Summertime (song)">In the Good Old Summertime</a>" </td> <td>15 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Smoke Rings" </td> <td>14 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Meet_Mister_Callaghan" title="Meet Mister Callaghan">Meet Mister Callaghan</a>" </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me" </td> <td>15 </td> <td>22 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Spain" title="Lady of Spain">Lady of Spain</a>" </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"My Baby's Comin' Home" </td> <td>7 </td> <td>11 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">1953 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Blues_(song)" title="Bye Bye Blues (song)">Bye Bye Blues</a>" </td> <td>5 </td> <td>14 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Sitting_on_Top_of_the_World" title="I'm Sitting on Top of the World">I'm Sitting on Top of the World</a>" </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Sleep_(1920s_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep (1920s song)">Sleep</a>" </td> <td>21 </td> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Vaya_Con_Dios_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaya Con Dios (song)">Vaya Con Dios</a>"<small>(gold record)</small> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Sanie_cu_zurg%C4%83l%C4%83i" title="Sanie cu zurgălăi">Johnny (Is the Boy for Me)</a>" </td> <td>15 </td> <td>25 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/The_Kangaroo_(song)" title="The Kangaroo (song)">The Kangaroo</a>" </td> <td>25 </td> <td>23 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Don%27cha_Hear_Them_Bells" title="Don'cha Hear Them Bells">Don'cha Hear Them Bells</a>" </td> <td>13 </td> <td>28 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1954 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/I_Really_Don%27t_Want_To_Know" class="mw-redirect" title="I Really Don't Want To Know">I Really Don't Want To Know</a>" </td> <td>11 </td> <td>33 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"South" </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"I'm a Fool to Care" </td> <td>6 </td> <td>13 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Auctioneer" </td> <td> </td> <td>28 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Whither_Thou_Goest" title="Whither Thou Goest">Whither Thou Goest</a>" </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Mandolino_(Les_Paul_instrumental)" title="Mandolino (Les Paul instrumental)">Mandolino</a>" </td> <td>19 </td> <td>22 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1955 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Song_in_Blue" title="Song in Blue">Song in Blue</a>" </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Someday_Sweetheart" title="Someday Sweetheart">Someday Sweetheart</a>" </td> <td> </td> <td>39 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"No Letter Today" </td> <td> </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Hummingbird_(1955_song)" title="Hummingbird (1955 song)">Hummingbird</a>" </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Amukiriki" </td> <td>38 </td> <td>24 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Magic Melody" </td> <td>96 </td> <td>43 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1956 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Texas Lady" </td> <td>91 </td> <td>47 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Cimarron (Roll On)" </td> <td> </td> <td>48 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Mack_the_Knife" title="Mack the Knife">Moritat</a>" </td> <td>49 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"Nuevo Laredo" </td> <td>91 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Cinco Robles" </td> <td>35 </td> <td>24 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1958 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Put a Ring on My Finger" </td> <td>32 </td> <td>43 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/Jealous_Heart" title="Jealous Heart">Jealous Heart</a>" </td> <td> </td> <td>71 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1961 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">"Jura" </td> <td>37 </td> <td>81 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Long,_Long_Time" title="It's Been a Long, Long Time">It's Been a Long, Long Time</a>" </td> <td>105 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><sup>A</sup> peaked at No. 2 on <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs</a> charts</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singles">Singles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Singles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Been_a_Long,_Long_Time" title="It's Been a Long, Long Time">It's Been a Long, Long Time</a>"—<a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> with Les Paul & His Trio (1945), #1 on Billboard Pop singles chart, 1 week, December 8</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rumors_Are_Flying" title="Rumors Are Flying">Rumors Are Flying</a>"—<a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a> with Les Paul and Vic Schoen & His Orchestra (1946)</li> <li>"This Can't Be Love"//"Up And At 'Em"—The Les Paul Trio (1946), <a href="/wiki/V-Disc" title="V-Disc">V-Disc</a> 664A</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guitar_Boogie_(song)" title="Guitar Boogie (song)">Guitar Boogie</a>" (1947)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lover_(When_You%27re_Near_Me)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lover (When You're Near Me)">Lover (When You're Near Me)</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1939_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil (1939 song)">Brazil</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Love%3F" title="What Is This Thing Called Love?">What Is This Thing Called Love?</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Suspicion_(Les_Paul_song)" title="Suspicion (Les Paul song)">Suspicion</a>"—as Rhubarb Red with Fos Carling (1948)</li> <li>"Nola" (1950)</li> <li>"Goofus" (1950)</li> <li>"Dry My Tears"/"Cryin<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" (1950)</li> <li>"Little Rock Getaway" (1950/1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Waltz" title="Tennessee Waltz">Tennessee Waltz</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1950/1951), #1, Cashbox</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mockin%27_Bird_Hill" title="Mockin' Bird Hill">Mockin' Bird Hill</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1951), #1, Cashbox</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_High_The_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="How High The Moon">How High The Moon</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1951), #1, Billboard Pop singles chart, 9 weeks, April 21 – June 16; #1, Cashbox, 2 weeks; #2, R&B chart</li> <li>"I Wish I Had Never Seen Sunshine"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Waiting_for_the_Sunrise" title="The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise">The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1951), #2, Billboard; #3, Cashbox</li> <li>"Just One More Chance"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1951)</li> <li>"Jazz Me Blues" (1951)</li> <li>"Josephine" (1951)</li> <li>"Whispering" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>" (1951)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tiger_Rag" title="Tiger Rag">Tiger Rag</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952), #2, Billboard; #8, Cashbox</li> <li>"I'm Confessin' (That I Love You)"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Carioca_(1933_song)" title="Carioca (1933 song)">Carioca</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Good_Old_Summer_Time" title="In the Good Old Summer Time">In the Good Old Summertime</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952)</li> <li>"Smoke Rings"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Meet_Mister_Callaghan" title="Meet Mister Callaghan">Meet Mister Callaghan</a>" (1952), #5, Billboard</li> <li>"Take Me in Your Arms and Hold Me"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Spain_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of Spain (song)">Lady of Spain</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"My Baby's Coming Home"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Blues_(song)" title="Bye Bye Blues (song)">Bye Bye Blues</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Sitting_on_Top_of_the_World" title="I'm Sitting on Top of the World">I'm Sitting on Top of the World</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sleep_(1920s_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep (1920s song)">Sleep</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Fred_Waring" title="Fred Waring">Fred Waring</a>'s theme song) (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vaya_Con_Dios_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaya Con Dios (song)">Vaya Con Dios</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1953), #1, Billboard Pop singles chart, 11 weeks, August 8 – October 3, November 7–14; #1, Cashbox, 5 weeks</li> <li>"Johnny (Is The Boy for Me)"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1953), #15, Billboard; #25, Cashbox</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27cha_Hear_Them_Bells" title="Don'cha Hear Them Bells">Don'cha Hear Them Bells</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1953), #13, Billboard; #28, Cashbox</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Kangaroo_(song)" title="The Kangaroo (song)">The Kangaroo</a>" (1953), #25, Billboard; #23, Cashbox</li> <li>"I Really Don't Want To Know"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1954)</li> <li>"I'm A Fool To Care"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1954)</li> <li>"Whither Thou Goest"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1954)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mandolino_(Les_Paul_instrumental)" title="Mandolino (Les Paul instrumental)">Mandolino</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1954), #19, Billboard</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Song_in_Blue" title="Song in Blue">Song in Blue</a>"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1954), #17, Cashbox</li> <li>"Hummingbird"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1955)</li> <li>"Amukiriki (The Lord Willing)"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1955)</li> <li>"Magic Melody"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1955)</li> <li>"Texas Lady"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1956)</li> <li>"Moritat" (Theme from "Three Penny Opera") (1956)</li> <li>"Nuevo Laredo"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1956)</li> <li>"Cinco Robles (Five Oaks)"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1957)</li> <li>"Put a Ring on My Finger"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1958)</li> <li>"All I Need Is You"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1959)</li> <li>"Jura (I Swear I Love You)"—Les Paul & Mary Ford (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Love_Sneakin%27_Up_on_You&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Love Sneakin' Up on You (page does not exist)">Love Sneakin' Up on You</a>"—Les Paul, Joss Stone & Sting (2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compositions">Compositions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul was also a prolific composer. Some of the songs he wrote were "<a href="/wiki/Song_in_Blue" title="Song in Blue">Song in Blue</a>", "Cryin<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>", "Hip-Billy Boogie", "<a href="/wiki/Suspicion_(Les_Paul_song)" title="Suspicion (Les Paul song)">Suspicion</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Mandolino_(Les_Paul_instrumental)" title="Mandolino (Les Paul instrumental)">Mandolino</a>", "Magic Melody", "<a href="/wiki/Don%27cha_Hear_Them_Bells" title="Don'cha Hear Them Bells">Don'cha Hear Them Bells</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Kangaroo_(song)" title="The Kangaroo (song)">The Kangaroo</a>", "Big-Eyed Gal", "Deep in the Blues", "All I Need is You", "Take a Warning", "Mammy's Boogie", "Up And At 'Em", "Pacific Breeze", "Golden Sands", "Hawaiian Charms", "Mountain Railroad", "Move Along, Baby (Don't Waste My Time)", "Dry My Tears", "I Don't Want You No More", "Doing the Town", "Les' Blues",<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "No Strings Attached", "Subterfuge", "Lament For Strings", "Five Alarm Fire", "You Can't Be Fit as a Fiddle (When You're Tight as a Drum)", and "Walkin' and Whistlin' Blues". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lester_William_Polsfuss" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lester William Polsfuss">Lester William Polsfuss</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_World" title="Discovery World">Discovery World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Gibson Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_SG" title="Gibson SG">Gibson SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ford" title="Mary Ford">Mary Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford" title="Les Paul and Mary Ford">Les Paul and Mary Ford</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020014312/http://smithsonianassociates.org/programs/paul/paul.asp">"Voices from the Smithsonian Associates. <i>Les Paul, Musician and Inventor</i>"</a>. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voices+from+the+Smithsonian+Associates.+Les+Paul%2C+Musician+and+Inventor.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmithsonianassociates.org%2Fprograms%2Fpaul%2Fpaul.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.list.co.uk/article/19914-guitarist-and-recording-pioneer-les-paul-dies-aged-94/">Guitarist and recording pioneer Les Paul dies, aged 94</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821022408/http://www.list.co.uk/article/19914-guitarist-and-recording-pioneer-les-paul-dies-aged-94/">Archived</a> August 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The List. August 13, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/les-paul/chasing-sound/100/">"The Wizard of Waukesha"</a>. Pbs.org. August 13, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225154555/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/les-paul/chasing-sound/100/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wizard+of+Waukesha&rft.pub=Pbs.org&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fepisodes%2Fles-paul%2Fchasing-sound%2F100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houston-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Houston_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouston1999" class="citation web cs1">Houston, Frank (July 8, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816084913/http://archive.salon.com/people/feature/1999/07/08/paul/print.html">"Father of invention"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.salon.com/people/feature/1999/07/08/paul/print.html">the original</a> on August 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=Father+of+invention&rft.date=1999-07-08&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.salon.com%2Fpeople%2Ffeature%2F1999%2F07%2F08%2Fpaul%2Fprint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff writer (October 12, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/les-paul-90-releases-tribute-album-1.564229">"Les Paul, 90, Releases Tribute Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a></i>. Accessed August 24, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/les-paul-90-releases-tribute-album-1.564229">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://steelguitarforum.com/Forum8/HTML/001019.html">Swing Licks for C6th Lap Steel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106173430/http://steelguitarforum.com/Forum8/HTML/001019.html">Archived</a> January 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Steel Guitar Forum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benson, John (November 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vindy.com/news/2008/nov/12/rock-hall-to-honor-les-paul/">Rock hall to honor Les Paul</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205915/http://www.vindy.com/news/2008/nov/12/rock-hall-to-honor-les-paul/">Archived</a> July 17, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vindy.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockhall.com/exhibits">"Exhibits | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum"</a>. Rockhall.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201115735/http://rockhall.com/exhibits">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibits+%26%23124%3B+The+Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.pub=Rockhall.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frockhall.com%2Fexhibits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockhall.com/exhibits/the-architects/">"The Architects of Rock and Roll featuring Les Paul, Alan Freed and Sam Phillips | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum"</a>. Rockhall.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810084437/http://rockhall.com/exhibits/the-architects/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Architects+of+Rock+and+Roll+featuring+Les+Paul%2C+Alan+Freed+and+Sam+Phillips+%26%23124%3B+The+Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.pub=Rockhall.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frockhall.com%2Fexhibits%2Fthe-architects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140211060904/http://www.lespaulfoundation.org/">"Les Paul Foundation Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lespaulfoundation.org">the original</a> on February 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Paul+Foundation+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lespaulfoundation.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farber, Jim (August 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2009/08/14/2009-08-14_electric_guitar_hero_les_paul_dead_at_94_career_spanned_from_hitmaker_to_musical.html">"Electric Guitar Hero Les Paul Dead at 94: Hit-Maker, Musical Designer, Pioneer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090818173937/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2009/08/14/2009-08-14_electric_guitar_hero_les_paul_dead_at_94_career_spanned_from_hitmaker_to_musical.html">Archived</a> August 18, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a></i>. Accessed August 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2008" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Robb (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NqIgLrXaA6QC&pg=PA2&dq=%22Germany%22"><i>The Early Years of the Les Paul Legacy, 1915–1963</i></a>. New York: Hal Leonard Books. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-634-04861-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-634-04861-6"><bdi>978-0-634-04861-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Years+of+the+Les+Paul+Legacy%2C+1915%E2%80%931963&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-634-04861-6&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Robb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNqIgLrXaA6QC%26pg%3DPA2%26dq%3D%2522Germany%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bookref1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bookref1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasinoPaul,_Les2003" class="citation book cs1">Masino, Susan; Paul, Les (2003). <i>Famous Wisconsin Musicians</i>. Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books. pp. 9–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1878569880" title="Special:BookSources/1878569880"><bdi>1878569880</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Wisconsin+Musicians&rft.place=Oregon%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Badger+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1878569880&rft.aulast=Masino&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Paul%2C+Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry, David (August 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=aD_WpRVvFQwk">"Les Paul, Pioneer of Electric Guitar, Inventor, Dies at 94"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a></i>. Accessed August 24, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thirteen-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thirteen_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thirteen_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirteen.org/pressroom/release.php?get=2539">American Masters (2007 Season) – "Les Paul: Chasing Sound"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318174344/http://www.thirteen.org/pressroom/release.php?get=2539">Archived</a> March 18, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – thirteen WNET New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708163155/http://classicjazzguitar.com/articles/article.jsp?article=25">"Articles"</a>. Classic Jazz Guitar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classicjazzguitar.com/articles/article.jsp?article=25">the original</a> on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles&rft.pub=Classic+Jazz+Guitar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassicjazzguitar.com%2Farticles%2Farticle.jsp%3Farticle%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(August 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/arts/music/14paul.html">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301204416/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/arts/music/14paul.html">Archived</a> March 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (website registration required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadd,_Patty2009" class="citation news cs1">Ladd, Patty (October 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CfNYAAAAIBAJ&pg=1140,3217614&dq=grammy+hall+of+fame+jo+stafford&hl=en">"Cinemax to honor 'Edison' of music"</a>. <i>The Vindicator</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904124944/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CfNYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=doUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1140,3217614&dq=grammy+hall+of+fame+jo+stafford&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vindicator&rft.atitle=Cinemax+to+honor+%27Edison%27+of+music&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft.au=Ladd%2C+Patty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DCfNYAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1140%2C3217614%26dq%3Dgrammy%2Bhall%2Bof%2Bfame%2Bjo%2Bstafford%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation3_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140204014322/http://www.lespaulfoundation.org/blog/les-paul-inventor-and-performer/">"Les Paul: Inventor and Performer"</a>. <i>Les Paul Foundation website</i>. Les Paul Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lespaulfoundation.org/blog/les-paul-inventor-and-performer/">the original</a> on February 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Paul+Foundation+website&rft.atitle=Les+Paul%3A+Inventor+and+Performer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lespaulfoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fles-paul-inventor-and-performer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Paul:_The_Living_Legend_of_the_Electric_Guitar-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul:_The_Living_Legend_of_the_Electric_Guitar_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313012503/http://classicjazzguitar.com/articles/article.jsp?article=25">"ClassicJazzGuitar.com"</a>. ClassicJazzGuitar.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicjazzguitar.com/articles/article.jsp?article=25">the original</a> on March 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ClassicJazzGuitar.com&rft.pub=ClassicJazzGuitar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicjazzguitar.com%2Farticles%2Farticle.jsp%3Farticle%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, Gil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816191607/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1618673/20090813/paul_les.jhtml">"Paul Les"</a>. MTV News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1618673/20090813/paul_les.jhtml">the original</a> on August 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+Les&rft.pub=MTV+News&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1618673%2F20090813%2Fpaul_les.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, Kenneth. "Book Review: "The Music of Django Reinhardt," by Benjamin Givan." <i>ARSC Journal</i> 42.1 (2011): 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2003" class="citation book cs1">Balmer, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IFUIAQAAMAAJ"><i>Stéphane Grappelli: With and Without Django</i></a>. Sanctuary. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860744532" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860744532"><bdi>978-1860744532</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904124943/https://books.google.com/books?id=IFUIAQAAMAAJ&q">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St%C3%A9phane+Grappelli%3A+With+and+Without+Django&rft.pub=Sanctuary&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1860744532&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIFUIAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">liner notes from Chet Atkins/Jim Atkins 1963 RCA Camden LP #CAL-753, "The Guitar Genius"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoundOnSound-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SoundOnSound_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuskin" class="citation web cs1">Buskin, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-les-paul-mary-ford-how-high-moon">"Classic Tracks: Les Paul & Mary Ford 'How High the Moon'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SoundOnSound</i>. Sound On Sound<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SoundOnSound&rft.atitle=Classic+Tracks%3A+Les+Paul+%26+Mary+Ford+%27How+High+the+Moon%27&rft.aulast=Buskin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Ftechniques%2Fclassic-tracks-les-paul-mary-ford-how-high-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_In_His_Own_Words_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2005" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Les (2005). <i>Les Paul: In His Own Words</i>. New York: Gemstone Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60360-050-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60360-050-7"><bdi>978-1-60360-050-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Paul%3A+In+His+Own+Words&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Gemstone+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-60360-050-7&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atkins, Chet; Neely, Bill (1974). <i>Country Gentleman</i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Regnery" class="mw-redirect" title="Regnery">H. Regnery</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-9051-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-9051-2">978-0-8092-9051-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTianen2009" class="citation news cs1">Tianen, Dave (August 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/les-paul/chasing-sound/100/">"The Wizard of Waukesha"</a>. <i>Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225154555/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/les-paul/chasing-sound/100/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel&rft.atitle=The+Wizard+of+Waukesha&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.aulast=Tianen&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fepisodes%2Fles-paul%2Fchasing-sound%2F100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2000-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2000_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sforza, John: "Swing It! 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San Francisco, Calif.: Miller Freeman. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-479-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-479-0"><bdi>0-87930-479-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stompbox%3A+A+History+of+Guitar%2C+Fuzzes%2C+Flangers%2C+Phasers%2C+Echoes+%26+Wahs&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87930-479-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garage-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garage_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garage_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2008" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Robb (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NqIgLrXaA6QC&pg=PA19"><i>The Early Years of the Les Paul Legacy, 1915-1963</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Years+of+the+Les+Paul+Legacy%2C+1915-1963&rft.pages=19-&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-634-04861-6&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Robb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNqIgLrXaA6QC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/sel-sync/snyder_sel-sync.pdf">"Sel-sync and the "Ocotpus": How Came to be the First Recorder to Minimize Successive Copying in Overdubs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ARSC Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519105331/http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/sel-sync/snyder_sel-sync.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARSC+Journal&rft.atitle=Sel-sync+and+the+%22Ocotpus%22%3A+How+Came+to+be+the+First+Recorder+to+Minimize+Successive+Copying+in+Overdubs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aes.org%2Faeshc%2Fdocs%2Fsel-sync%2Fsnyder_sel-sync.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917154520/http://www.mixonline.com/ms/aes2007/2007aes-web-report/">"2007 AES Report – Where Audio Comes Alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mix_(magazine)" title="Mix (magazine)">Mix</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mixonline.com/ms/aes2007/2007aes-web-report/">the original</a> on September 17, 2014. <q>After the event, Narma, who also designed and built Les Paul's 8-track recording console, was reacquainted with Les, as the two had not seen each other since 1973.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mix&rft.atitle=2007+AES+Report+%E2%80%93+Where+Audio+Comes+Alive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mixonline.com%2Fms%2Faes2007%2F2007aes-web-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Buskin" class="citation journal cs1">Richard Buskin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan07/articles/classictracks_0107.htm">"Classic Tracks: Les Paul & Mary Ford 'How High The Moon'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sound_on_Sound" title="Sound on Sound">Sound on Sound</a></i> (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720032654/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan07/articles/classictracks_0107.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=Classic+Tracks%3A+Les+Paul+%26+Mary+Ford+%27How+High+The+Moon%27&rft.issue=January+2007&rft.au=Richard+Buskin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2Fjan07%2Farticles%2Fclassictracks_0107.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_DeMain" class="citation web cs1">Bill DeMain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puremusic.com/61les.html">"The Best of the Capitol Masters (90th Birthday Edition)"</a>. <i>Puremusic.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130209230021/http://www.puremusic.com/61les.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puremusic.com&rft.atitle=The+Best+of+the+Capitol+Masters+%2890th+Birthday+Edition%29&rft.au=Bill+DeMain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.puremusic.com%2F61les.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awjTKeS9Wvo"><i>Les Paul & Mary Ford Absolutely Live</i></a>, June 27, 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/awjTKeS9Wvo">archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Paul+%26+Mary+Ford+Absolutely+Live&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DawjTKeS9Wvo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheLesPaulShow">"The Les Paul Show"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629051309/http://www.archive.org/details/TheLesPaulShow">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Les+Paul+Show&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheLesPaulShow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cellini-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cellini_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCellinin.d." class="citation web cs1">Cellini, Joe (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090222032234/http://www.apple.com/pro/profiles/lespaul/index.html">"Les Paul: Invented Here"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/pro/profiles/lespaul/index.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Paul%3A+Invented+Here&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.aulast=Cellini&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fpro%2Fprofiles%2Flespaul%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_Paul_Foundation5-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Les_Paul_Foundation5_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Sue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140204014322/http://www.lespaulfoundation.org/blog/les-paul-inventor-and-performer/#more-2087">"Les Paul Inventor and performer"</a>. Les Paul Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lespaulfoundation.org/blog/les-paul-inventor-and-performer/#more-2087">the original</a> on February 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Paul+Inventor+and+performer&rft.pub=Les+Paul+Foundation&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lespaulfoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fles-paul-inventor-and-performer%2F%23more-2087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytdiv-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytdiv_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytdiv_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/18/les-paul-obtains-divorce.html">Les Paul Obtains Divorce</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074024/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/18/les-paul-obtains-divorce.html">Archived</a> March 10, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>The New York Times</i>, December 18, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iridiumjazzclub.com/">"Iridium Jazz Club"</a>. Iridium Jazz Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305204105/http://iridiumjazzclub.com/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iridium+Jazz+Club&rft.pub=Iridium+Jazz+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iridiumjazzclub.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milicia-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milicia_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilicia2008" class="citation web cs1">Milicia, Joe (November 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tucson.com/news/guitar-hero-les-paul-ready-for-rock-hall-tribute/article_c6063d6c-83c7-5add-bff2-e7b10ab8bacb.html">"Guitar hero Les Paul ready for Rock Hall tribute"</a>. <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728221408/https://tucson.com/news/guitar-hero-les-paul-ready-for-rock-hall-tribute/article_c6063d6c-83c7-5add-bff2-e7b10ab8bacb.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Guitar+hero+Les+Paul+ready+for+Rock+Hall+tribute&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft.aulast=Milicia&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftucson.com%2Fnews%2Fguitar-hero-les-paul-ready-for-rock-hall-tribute%2Farticle_c6063d6c-83c7-5add-bff2-e7b10ab8bacb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster, D.R. (June 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newyork.decider.com/articles/les-is-more-93-years-old-and-cooler-than-you,28498/">"Les is more: 93 years old and cooler than you—A Night with the Longstanding Guitar Great"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223065010/http://newyork.decider.com/articles/les-is-more-93-years-old-and-cooler-than-you%2C28498/">Archived</a> February 23, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i>. Accessed August 15, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay2004" class="citation news cs1">Gay, Chris (February 19, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107714365822533118">"The Electrifying Influence Of Guitar Legend Les Paul"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Electrifying+Influence+Of+Guitar+Legend+Les+Paul&rft.date=2004-02-19&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB107714365822533118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicoleanu2007" class="citation news cs1">Nicoleanu, Anca (February 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604124914/http://cotidianul.ro/zici_ca_n_ai_plagiat_si_gata_ai_scapat-22511.html">"Zici că n-ai plagiat şi, gata, ai scăpat"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cotidianul.ro/zici_ca_n_ai_plagiat_si_gata_ai_scapat-22511.html">the original</a> on June 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zici+c%C4%83+n-ai+plagiat+%C5%9Fi%2C+gata%2C+ai+sc%C4%83pat&rft.date=2007-02-02&rft.aulast=Nicoleanu&rft.aufirst=Anca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cotidianul.ro%2Fzici_ca_n_ai_plagiat_si_gata_ai_scapat-22511.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span> (non-English language)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-copyrightE-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-copyrightE_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copyrightencyclopedia.com/johnny-is-the-boy-for-me-musical-composition-with-lyrics-by/">"Johnny is the boy for me; musical composition with lyrics. By Paddy Roberts & Marcel Stellman, m Les Paul, pseud. of Lester W. Polfuss"</a>. <i>Copyrightencyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904124943/http://www.copyrightencyclopedia.com/johnny-is-the-boy-for-me-musical-composition-with-lyrics-by/">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2018</span>. <q>On September 3, 1981, the copyright to 'Johnny (Is the Boy for Me)' was renewed, showing Les Paul as the composer of the music. This was the mandatory 28 year renewal requirement for copyright.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copyrightencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Johnny+is+the+boy+for+me%3B+musical+composition+with+lyrics.+By+Paddy+Roberts+%26+Marcel+Stellman%2C+m+Les+Paul%2C+pseud.+of+Lester+W.+Polfuss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copyrightencyclopedia.com%2Fjohnny-is-the-boy-for-me-musical-composition-with-lyrics-by%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_early_years_of_the_Les_Paul_legacy,_1915-1963-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_early_years_of_the_Les_Paul_legacy,_1915-1963_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2008" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Robb (2008). <i>The early years of the Les Paul legacy, 1915-1963</i> (1st ed.). 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Leeds Music Corporation, New York, 1947.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Garrett, Charles, ed. "Paul, Les [Polfuss, Lester Williams]" <i>The Grove Dictionary of American Music</i>, 2nd edition. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2006. Print.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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nowraplinks" style="border-width:1px; border-color:#E0E0E0; width:20em; background-color:#FFF; margin:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:1.2em; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu019008">Les Paul papers, 1904-2000</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.les-paul.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262399#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0666904/">Les Paul</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lespaulfilm.com">Les Paul Chasing Sound</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616011148/http://www.lespaulfilm.com/">Archived</a> June 16, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> biography</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lespaulfilm.com">Les Paul Live in New York</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616011148/http://www.lespaulfilm.com/">Archived</a> June 16, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> concert film</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930053613/http://www.wgnradio.com/shows/stevejohnnie/wgnam-steve-johnnie-remembering-les-paul%2C0%2C6975991.story">Remembering Les Paul</a> Audio interviews at WGN Radio</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheLesPaulShow"><i>The Les Paul Show</i></a>, Audio archive (free mp3s) of Les Paul's radio show</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan07/articles/classictracks_0107.htm">"Classic Tracks: Les Paul & Mary Ford 'How High the Moon<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a> at Sound on Sound</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213023108/http://www.performing-musician.com/pm/oct09/articles/lespaul.htm">Les Paul's final interview</a> at <i>Performing Musician</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/les-paul">Les Paul Audio Interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Oral_History_Program" title="NAMM Oral History Program">NAMM Oral History Collection</a> (2001)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gibson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" title="Template:Gibson Guitar Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" title="Template talk:Gibson Guitar Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gibson Guitar Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gibson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Brands" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Brands">Gibson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Gibson" title="Orville Gibson">Orville Gibson</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Loar" title="Lloyd Loar">Lloyd Loar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_McCarty" title="Ted McCarty">Ted McCarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Lover" title="Seth Lover">Seth Lover</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey_(luthier)" title="David Harvey (luthier)">David Harvey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_EDS-1275" title="Gibson EDS-1275">EDS-1275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES_Series" title="Gibson ES Series">ES Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-175" title="Gibson ES-175">ES-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-335" title="Gibson ES-335">ES-335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-355" title="Gibson ES-355">ES-355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Explorer" title="Gibson Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Firebird" title="Gibson Firebird">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Flying_V" title="Gibson Flying V">Flying V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul" title="Gibson Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Melody_Maker" title="Gibson Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_SG" title="Gibson SG">SG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Barney_Kessel" title="Gibson Barney Kessel">Gibson Barney Kessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Byrdland" title="Gibson Byrdland">Byrdland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Blueshawk" title="Gibson Blueshawk">Blueshawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Citation" title="Gibson Citation">Citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Corvus" title="Gibson Corvus">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ES-Les_Paul" title="ES-Les Paul">ES-Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-150" title="Gibson ES-150">ES-150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-225" title="Gibson ES-225">ES-225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-295" title="Gibson ES-295">ES-295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-330" title="Gibson ES-330">ES-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-345" title="Gibson ES-345">ES-345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_ES-350T" title="Gibson ES-350T">ES-350T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Futura" title="Gibson Futura">Futura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_GK-55" title="Gibson GK-55">GK-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Little_Lucille" title="Gibson Little Lucille">Little Lucille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L-4" title="Gibson L-4">L-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L-5" title="Gibson L-5">L-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L6-S" title="Gibson L6-S">L6-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Marauder" title="Gibson Marauder">Marauder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Moderne" title="Gibson Moderne">Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Nighthawk" title="Gibson Nighthawk">Nighthawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_The_Paul" title="Gibson The Paul">The Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_RD" title="Gibson RD">RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_S-1" title="Gibson S-1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Sonex" title="Gibson Sonex">Sonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Spirit" title="Gibson Spirit">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Super_400" title="Gibson Super 400">Super 400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_335-S" title="Gibson 335-S">335-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">Acoustic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>J Series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_J-160E" title="Gibson J-160E">J-160E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_J-45" title="Gibson J-45">J-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_J-200" title="Gibson J-200">J-200</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Dove" title="Gibson Dove">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Hummingbird" title="Gibson Hummingbird">Hummingbird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Advanced_Jumbo" title="Gibson Advanced Jumbo">Advanced Jumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_B_series" title="Gibson B series">B Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_electric_guitar" title="Classical electric guitar">Chet Atkins CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Chet_Atkins_SST" title="Gibson Chet Atkins SST">Chet Atkins SST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L_Series" title="Gibson L Series">L Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L_Series#The_LG_Series" title="Gibson L Series">LG Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_L-1" title="Gibson L-1">L-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Style_U" title="Gibson Style U">Style U</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Basses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Les_Paul_bass" title="Gibson Les Paul bass">Les Paul bass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibson_SG_bass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibson SG bass (page does not exist)">SG bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Thunderbird" title="Gibson Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_EB-0" title="Gibson EB-0">EB-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_EB-1" title="Gibson EB-1">EB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_EB-2" title="Gibson EB-2">EB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_EB-3" title="Gibson EB-3">EB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Grabber" title="Gibson Grabber">Grabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_G3" title="Gibson G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Ripper" title="Gibson Ripper">Ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Victory_Bass" title="Gibson Victory Bass">Victory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_F-5" title="Gibson F-5">F5 mandolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Falcon" title="Gibson Falcon">Falcon amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-90" title="P-90">P-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prewar_Gibson_banjo" title="Prewar Gibson banjo">Prewar banjos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesa/Boogie" title="Mesa/Boogie">Mesa/Boogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinberger" title="Steinberger">Steinberger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobro" title="Dobro">Dobro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphone" title="Epiphone">Epiphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Kalamazoo" title="Gibson Kalamazoo">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_Guitars" title="Kramer Guitars">Kramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Musical_Instrument_Company" title="Original Musical Instrument Company">Original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_by_Gibson" title="Orville by Gibson">Orville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingerland_Drum_Company" title="Slingerland Drum Company">Slingerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_(bass_guitar_company)" title="Tobias (bass guitar company)">Tobias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Gibson_Brands" title="Category:Gibson Brands">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gibson Guitar Corporation">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (2000s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Manilow" title="Lewis Manilow">Lewis Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, cultural programming division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Knoll_Bassett" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Knoll Bassett">Florence Knoll Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisha_Brown" title="Trisha Brown">Trisha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">Philippe de Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Halprin" title="Lawrence Halprin">Lawrence Halprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">William "Smokey" Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cleary" title="Beverly Cleary">Beverly Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe_Esquith" title="Rafe Esquith">Rafe Esquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_Choir" title="Tabernacle Choir">Tabernacle Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hecht" title="Anthony Hecht">Anthony Hecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruthven_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ruthven (artist)">John Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Scully" title="Vincent Scully">Vincent Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auchincloss" title="Louis Auchincloss">Louis Auchincloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_DePreist" title="James DePreist">James DePreist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquito_D%27Rivera" title="Paquito D'Rivera">Paquito D'Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Garment" title="Leonard Garment">Leonard Garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ramirez" title="Tina Ramirez">Tina Ramirez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeCarava" title="Roy DeCarava">Roy DeCarava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Interlochen Center for the Arts">Interlochen Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Hall_Jazz_Band" title="Preservation Hall Jazz Band">Preservation Hall Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rabassa" title="Gregory Rabassa">Gregory Rabassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Schreckengost" title="Viktor Schreckengost">Viktor Schreckengost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Neuberger" title="Roy Neuberger">Roy Neuberger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Z._Steinway" title="Henry Z. Steinway">Henry Z. Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tooker" title="George Tooker">George Tooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton_Jazz_Festival" title="Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival">Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Moroles" title="Jesús Moroles">Jesús Moroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_Jubilee_Singers" title="Fisk Jubilee Singers">Fisk Jubilee Singers</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">José Limón Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser_Company" title="Theodore Presser Company">The Presser Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Joseph P. Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Ballet" title="School of American Ballet">School of American Ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1988" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1988_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1988_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1988" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1988</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jardine" title="Al Jardine">Al Jardine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Love" title="Mike Love">Mike Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilson" title="Carl Wilson">Carl Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Wilson" title="Dennis Wilson">Dennis Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Drifters" title="The Drifters">The Drifters</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_E._King" title="Ben E. King">Ben E. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Lewis" title="Rudy Lewis">Rudy Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_McPhatter" title="Clyde McPhatter">Clyde McPhatter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Moore_(singer)" title="Johnny Moore (singer)">Johnny Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Pinkney" title="Bill Pinkney">Bill Pinkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Thomas_(musician)" title="Charlie Thomas (musician)">Charlie Thomas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhart_Thrasher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhart Thrasher (page does not exist)">Gerhart Thrasher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Ballard" title="Florence Ballard">Florence Ballard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wilson_(singer)" title="Mary Wilson (singer)">Mary Wilson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Paul</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/SEAMUS_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award">SEAMUS Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ussachevsky" title="Vladimir Ussachevsky">Vladimir Ussachevsky</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Les Paul</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Davidovsky" title="Mario Davidovsky">Mario Davidovsky</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Luening" title="Otto Luening">Otto Luening</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Chowning" title="John Chowning">John Chowning</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dodge_(composer)" title="Charles Dodge (composer)">Charles Dodge</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bebe_and_Louis_Barron" title="Bebe and Louis Barron">Bebe and Louis Barron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Subotnick" title="Morton Subotnick">Morton Subotnick</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lansky" title="Paul Lansky">Paul Lansky</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Br%C3%BCn" title="Herbert Brün">Herbert Brün</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Buchla" title="Don Buchla">Don Buchla</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Appleton" title="Jon Appleton">Jon Appleton</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Vercoe" title="Barry Vercoe">Barry Vercoe</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Carlos" title="Wendy Carlos">Wendy Carlos</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Lucier" title="Alvin Lucier">Alvin Lucier</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Chadabe" title="Joel Chadabe">Joel Chadabe</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Puckette" title="Miller Puckette">Miller Puckette</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Austin" title="Larry Austin">Larry Austin</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Roads" title="Curtis Roads">Curtis Roads</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Lewis" title="George E. Lewis">George E. Lewis</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Schrader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Schrader (page does not exist)">Barry Schrader</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(engineer)" title="Dave Smith (engineer)">Dave Smith</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Z" title="Pamela Z">Pamela Z</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carla_Scaletti" title="Carla Scaletti">Carla Scaletti</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Scott A. Wyatt (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Mumma" title="Gordon Mumma">Gordon Mumma</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annea_Lockwood" title="Annea Lockwood">Annea Lockwood</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262399#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262399#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262399#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000036850614X">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081890017">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000456172768">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/119989378">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/81629/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh8JGvBpPhhRcJ7RfFMyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119397293">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81126814">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13898303m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13898303m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621264">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Paul, Les"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CUBV091083">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35896138">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20070525006&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX937552">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070757410">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6033558">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000084965&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000594138&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gkqz9n13tklp5">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810699959205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007572111705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000198471">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14437989">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f671ebd2-917d-466f-b7bc-07c60e4d8990">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/207737">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/les-paul/5495">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1135965">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119397293">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/160719844">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62d1r4v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&oldid=1256037238">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_Paul&oldid=1256037238</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1915_births" title="Category:1915 births">1915 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2009_deaths" title="Category:2009 deaths">2009 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_guitarists" title="Category:20th-century American guitarists">20th-century American guitarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_inventors" title="Category:20th-century American inventors">20th-century American inventors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_musicians" title="Category:20th-century American male musicians">20th-century American male musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_guitarists" title="Category:21st-century American guitarists">21st-century American guitarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_male_musicians" title="Category:21st-century American male musicians">21st-century American male musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_blues_guitarists" title="Category:American blues guitarists">American blues guitarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_country_guitarists" title="Category:American country guitarists">American country guitarists</a></li><li><a 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