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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exonym"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Exonym </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exonym-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Ancient period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Medieval period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Early modern period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period_in_Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period_in_Republic_of_Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Modern period in Republic of Azerbaijan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period_in_Republic_of_Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period_in_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period_in_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Modern period in Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period_in_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Origins </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Origins subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turkic_origin_and_Turkification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkic_origin_and_Turkification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Turkic origin and Turkification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkic_origin_and_Turkification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Iranian origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caucasian_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caucasian_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Caucasian origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caucasian_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics and society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics_and_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics and society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Republic_of_Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 In the Republic of Azerbaijan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Republic_of_Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 In Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Subgroups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subgroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Language and literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Azerbaijanis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 120 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" > 120 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureu%C3%ABng_Az%C3%A8rbaijan" title="Ureuëng Azèrbaijan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ureuëng Azèrbaijan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbeidjanners" title="Azerbeidjanners – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Azerbeidjanners" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%9F%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Азербаиџьанцәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Азербаиџьанцәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B0%D8%B1" title="أذر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أذر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerins" title="Azerins – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Azerins" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_azerbaixana" title="Etnia azerbaixana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etnia azerbaixana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseriku%C3%A9ra" title="Aserikuéra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aserikuéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Къажарал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Къажарал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycanl%C4%B1lar" title="Azərbaycanlılar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azərbaycanlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آذربایجان تورکلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آذربایجان تورکلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Azerbaijan" title="Wong Azerbaijan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wong Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="আজারবাইজানি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আজারবাইজানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Azirbaijan" title="Urang Azirbaijan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Urang Azirbaijan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Azerbaijan" title="Suku Azerbaijan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Suku Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әзербайжандар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әзербайжандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Азербайджанцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азербайджанцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Азэрбайджанцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Азэрбайджанцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Азербайджанци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азербайджанци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaidschaner" title="Aserbaidschaner – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aserbaidschaner" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Азербайджанууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Азербайджанууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80zeris" title="Àzeris – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àzeris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Азербайджансем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Азербайджансем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaiyani" title="Aserbaiyani – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aserbaiyani" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerov%C3%A9" title="Azerové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Azerové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaazeri" title="Vaazeri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vaazeri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseriaid" title="Aseriaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aseriaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbajdsjanere" title="Aserbajdsjanere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aserbajdsjanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أزيريين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أزيريين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaidschaner" title="Aserbaidschaner – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Aserbaidschaner" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaidschaner" title="Aserbaidschaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aserbaidschaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azery" title="Azery – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Azery" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaid%C5%BEaanlased" title="Aserbaidžaanlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aserbaidžaanlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Αζέροι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αζέροι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Азербайджант – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Азербайджант" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azer%C3%ADes" title="Azeríes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azeríes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeroj" title="Azeroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azeroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijandarrak" title="Azerbaijandarrak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azerbaijandarrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مردم آذری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم آذری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%A9ris" title="Azéris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azéris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbeidzjanen" title="Azerbeidzjanen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Azerbeidzjanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asarbaise%C3%A1naigh" title="Asarbaiseánaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Asarbaiseánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_azar%C3%AD" title="Pobo azarí – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo azarí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan-ng%C3%ACn" title="Azerbaijan-ngìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Azerbaijan-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="아제리인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아제리인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ադրբեջանցիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադրբեջանցիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanani" title="Azerbaijanani – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Azerbaijanani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Azerbaijan" title="Suku Azerbaijan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerios" title="Azerios – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Azerios" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Азербайджайнаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Азербайджайнаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama-Azabaijani" title="Ama-Azabaijani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ama-Azabaijani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אזרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Azerbaijan" title="Wong Azerbaijan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Азербайджанлыла – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Азербайджанлыла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აზერბაიჯანელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზერბაიჯანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әзербайжандар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әзербайжандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waazeri" title="Waazeri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waazeri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azer%C3%AE_(gel)" title="Azerî (gel) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Azerî (gel)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Азербайжандар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Азербайжандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Азирбижан халкь – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Азирбижан халкь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropateni" title="Atropateni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atropateni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaid%C5%BE%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Azerbaidžāņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Azerbaidžāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Азербайжанар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Азербайжанар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaid%C5%BEanie%C4%8Diai" title="Azerbaidžaniečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Azerbaidžaniečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaidjani" title="Azerbaidjani – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Azerbaidjani" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeriek" title="Azeriek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azeriek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Азери – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азери" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azery_(vahoaka)" title="Azery (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azery (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4)" title="അസർബെയ്ജാനി (ജനത) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസർബെയ്ജാനി (ജനത)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="აზერბაიჯანალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აზერბაიჯანალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%B1" title="اذر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اذر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Azerbaijan" title="Orang Azerbaijan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯑꯓꯦꯔꯕꯥꯢꯖꯥꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯓꯦꯔꯕꯥꯢꯖꯥꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Азербайжанчууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Азербайжанчууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbeidzjanen" title="Azerbeidzjanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azerbeidzjanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbeidzjanen" title="Azerbeidzjanen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Azerbeidzjanen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="アゼルバイジャン人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アゼルバイジャン人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Азербайджанаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Азербайджанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eserbeyjanis" title="Eserbeyjanis – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Eserbeyjanis" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbajdsjanere" title="Aserbajdsjanere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aserbajdsjanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbajdsjanarar" title="Aserbajdsjanarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aserbajdsjanarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozarbayjonlar" title="Ozarbayjonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ozarbayjonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آذری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آذری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerowie" title="Azerowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azerowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeris" title="Azeris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azeris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaru" title="Asaru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Asaru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Азербайджанцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азербайджанцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Азербайдьаннар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Азербайдьаннар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آذری – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آذری" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Azerbaijanis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azer%C3%ABt" title="Azerët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Azerët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" title="Azerbaijani people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Azerbaijani people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEanci" title="Azerbajdžanci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Azerbajdžanci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEanci" title="Azerbajdžanci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azerbajdžanci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئازەربایجانییەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئازەربایجانییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Азери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri" title="Azeri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Azeri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Azerbaijan" title="Urang Azerbaijan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Urang Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerit" title="Azerit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azerit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerer" title="Azerer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azerer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அசர்பைஜானியர்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அசர்பைஜானியர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%BA%93ariyen" title="Iẓariyen – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iẓariyen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әзербайҗаннар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әзербайҗаннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวอาเซอร์ไบจาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอาเซอร์ไบจาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Озарбойҷониҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Озарбойҷониҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeriler" title="Azeriler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azeriler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Азербайджанці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азербайджанці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آذری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آذری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Azerbaijan" title="Người Azerbaijan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_(katawhan)" title="Azerbaijani (katawhan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Azerbaijani (katawhan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E6%97%8F" title="阿塞拜疆族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿塞拜疆族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BB%8Dm%E1%BB%8D_Azerbaijan" title="Àwọn ọmọ Azerbaijan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ọmọ Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E4%BA%BA" title="阿塞拜疆人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿塞拜疆人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E6%97%8F" title="阿塞拜疆族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿塞拜疆族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Azerbaijan" title="Jolma Azerbaijan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Azerbaijan" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkic ethnic group</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Azerbaijanis</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Azərbaycanlılar <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آذربایجانلیلار</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerigirls.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Azerigirls.JPG/220px-Azerigirls.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Azerigirls.JPG/330px-Azerigirls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Azerigirls.JPG/440px-Azerigirls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="414" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Azerbaijani girls in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">traditional dresses</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">30–35 million<a href="#cite_note-avraham-1">[1]</a> (2002)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12–23 million<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> 6–6.5 million (Arakelova)<a href="#cite_note-Arakelova-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,172,800<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">603,070<a href="#cite_note-Russian_Census-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="infobox-data">530,000–2 million<a href="#cite_note-Leeuw-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-avraham-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">233,178<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">114,586<a href="#cite_note-etno2020-17">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45,176<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">44,400<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">33,365<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24,377<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000–30,000<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18,000<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17,823<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70,000<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,915<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,000<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000<a href="#cite_note-BQ-32">[32]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,220<a href="#cite_note-ons2011-33">[33]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,567<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,935<a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Sweden-35">[35]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,567–2,032<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,036<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">940<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></th><td class="infobox-data">806<a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada-41">[41]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></th><td class="infobox-data">648<a href="#cite_note-litstats-42">[42]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">552<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Mainly <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (predominantly <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Robertson,_Lawrence_R._2002_210-44">[44]</a> minority <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a><a href="#cite_note-golden-45">[45]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmen people</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Azerbaijan" title="Category:Azerbaijan">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijanis</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_art" title="Azerbaijani art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folklore" title="Azerbaijani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Sport in Azerbaijan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Azerbaijan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Tourism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani population">Traditional areas of settlement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkey" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r" title="Iğdır">Iğdır</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Belarus" title="Azerbaijanis in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Canadians" title="Azerbaijani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_France" title="Azerbaijanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Germany" title="Azerbaijanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kazakhstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkmenistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Ukraine" title="Azerbaijanis in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Uzbekistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Abrahamic_religions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Pre-Abrahamic religions of Azerbaijan">Pre-Abrahamic religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Azerbaijan" title="Islam in Azerbaijan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Azerbaijan" title="Christianity in Azerbaijan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Azerbaijan">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Language</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia" title="Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia">Deportations from Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugark_pogrom" title="Gugark pogrom">Gugark pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="font-weight:normal; border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan Portal </a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijanis" title="Template:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijanis" title="Template talk:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijanis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Azerbaijanis (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒæni, -ɑːni/</a>; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: Azərbaycanlılar, آذربایجانلیلار), Azeris (Azərilər, آذریلر), or Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan Türkləri, آذربایجان تۆرکلری)<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> ethnic group living mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> region of northwestern Iran and the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. They are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robertson,_Lawrence_R._2002_210-44">[44]</a> They comprise the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the second-largest ethnic group in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> They speak the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">1813</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">1828</a>, the territories of <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a> in the Caucasus were ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">treaties of Gulistan</a> in 1813 and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Turkmenchay</a> in 1828 finalized the borders between Russia and Iran.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> After more than 80 years of being under the Russian Empire in the Caucasus, the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> was established in 1918 which defined the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> Azerbaijan is believed to be named after <a href="/wiki/Atropates" title="Atropates">Atropates</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> (governor) who ruled in <a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>) circa 321 <a href="/wiki/Before_Common_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Common Era">BC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-altstadt-57">[57]</a>: 2  The name Atropates is the Hellenistic form of <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> Aturpat which means 'guardian of <a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">fire</a>'<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont198717–18-58">[58]</a> itself a compound of ātūr (<a href="/wiki/File:Aturpahlavi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aturpahlavi.svg/25px-Aturpahlavi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aturpahlavi.svg/38px-Aturpahlavi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aturpahlavi.svg/50px-Aturpahlavi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="142" /></a>) 'fire' (later ādur (آذر) in <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">(early) New Persian</a>, and is pronounced āzar today)<a href="#cite_note-Pahlavi_Dictionary-59">[59]</a> + -pat (<a href="/wiki/File:Patpahlavi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patpahlavi.svg/20px-Patpahlavi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patpahlavi.svg/30px-Patpahlavi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patpahlavi.svg/40px-Patpahlavi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="91" /></a>) suffix for -guardian, -lord, -master<a href="#cite_note-Pahlavi_Dictionary-59">[59]</a> (-pat in early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>, -bod (بُد) in New Persian). Present-day name Azerbaijan is the Arabicized form of Āzarpāyegān (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: آذرپایگان) meaning 'the guardians of <a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">fire</a>' later becoming Azerbaijan (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: آذربایجان) due to the phonemic shift from /p/ to /b/ and /g/ to /dʒ/ which is a result of the medieval Arabic influences that followed the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab invasion of Iran</a>, and is due to the lack of the phoneme /p/ and /g/ in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Planhol2004205–215-60">[60]</a> The word Azarpāyegān itself is ultimately from Old Persian Āturpātakān (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: آتورپاتکان)<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> meaning 'the land associated with (satrap) Aturpat' or 'the land of fire guardians' (-an, here garbled into -kān, is a suffix for association or forming adverbs and plurals;<a href="#cite_note-Pahlavi_Dictionary-59">[59]</a> e.g.: <a href="/wiki/Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan">Gilan</a> 'land associated with <a href="/wiki/Gilites" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilites">Gil people</a>').<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnonym">Ethnonym</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(toponym)" title="Azerbaijan (toponym)">Azerbaijan (toponym)</a></div> The modern ethnonym "Azerbaijani" or "Azeri" refers to the Turkic peoples of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s northwestern historic region of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> (also known as Iranian Azerbaijan) and the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> They historically called themselves or were referred to by others as Muslims and/or Turks. They were also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a> (meaning from Iran), using the term incorrectly to denote their Shia belief rather than ethnic identity.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Southern Caucasus</a> became part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the nineteenth century, the Russian authorities, who traditionally referred to all <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic people</a> as <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, defined Tatars living in the Transcaucasus region as Caucasian Tatars or more rarely<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Aderbeijanskie (Адербейджанские) Tatars or even<a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz2013-67">[67]</a> Persian Tatars in order to distinguish them from other Turkic groups and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> speakers of Iran.<a href="#cite_note-Yilmaz2013-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Russian <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary" title="Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary">Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</a>, written in the 1890s, also referred to Tatars in Azerbaijan as Aderbeijans (адербейджаны),<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> but noted that the term had not been widely adopted.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> This ethnonym was also used by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deniker" title="Joseph Deniker">Joseph Deniker</a> in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In Azerbaijani language publications, the expression "Azerbaijani nation" referring to those who were known as Tatars of the Caucasus first appeared in the newspaper Kashkul in 1880.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> During the early <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> period, the term "Transcaucasian <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>" was supplanted by "Azerbaijani Turks" and ultimately "Azerbaijanis."<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tsutsiev-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> For some time afterwards, the term "Azerbaijanis" was then applied to all Turkic-speaking Muslims in Transcaucasia, from the <a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian Turks</a> in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Terekeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Terekeme">Terekemes</a> of southern <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, as well as assimilated <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tsutsiev-74">[74]</a> The temporary designation of Meskhetian Turks as "Azerbaijanis" was most likely related to the existing administrative framework of the <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasian SFSR">Transcaucasian SFSR</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a> was one of its founding members.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> After the establishment of the Azerbaijan SSR,<a href="#cite_note-iranicaonline.org-77">[77]</a> on the order of Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>, the "name of the formal language" of the Azerbaijan SSR was also "changed from Turkic to Azerbaijani".<a href="#cite_note-iranicaonline.org-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exonym">Exonym</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a> names for Azerbaijanis<a href="#cite_note-79">[a]</a> are Ghezloy/Ghoazloy (ГӀезлой/ГӀоазлой) and Ghazaroy/Ghazharey (ГӀажарой/ГӀажарей). The former goes back to the name of <a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> while the latter goes back to the name of <a href="/wiki/Qajars" class="mw-redirect" title="Qajars">Qajars</a>, having presumably emerged in Chechen and Ingush languages during the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">reign of Qajars in Iran</a> in the 18th-19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhriev1975203-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">History of Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)#History" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan (Iran) § History</a></div> Ancient residents of the area spoke <a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yarshater-81">[80]</a> In the 11th century AD with Seljuq conquests, <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turkic</a> tribes started moving across the Iranian Plateau into the Caucasus and Anatolia. The influx of the Oghuz and other <a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkmen</a> tribes was further accentuated by the Mongol invasion.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> These Turkmen tribes spread as smaller groups, a number of which settled down in the Caucasus and Iran, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a> of the local population. Over time they converted to <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> and gradually absorbed <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-roy-83">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_language" title="Caucasian Albanian language">Caucasian-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Albanian</a> tribes are believed to be the earliest inhabitants of the region in the north of Aras river, where the Republic of Azerbaijan is located.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The region also saw <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythian</a> settlement in the ninth century BC, following which the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a> came to dominate the area to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> defeated the Achaemenids in 330 BC, but allowed the Median satrap Atropates to remain in power. Following the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucids</a> in Persia in 247 BC, an <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenian Kingdom</a> exercised control over parts of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Caucasian Albanians established a kingdom in the first century BC and largely remained independent until the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Persian Sassanids</a> made their kingdom a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> in 252 AD.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 38  Caucasian Albania's ruler, King <a href="/wiki/Urnayr" title="Urnayr">Urnayr</a>, went to Armenia and then officially adopted <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> as the state religion in the fourth century AD, and Albania remained a Christian state until the 8th century.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3></div> Sassanid control ended with their defeat by the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> in 642 AD through the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The Arabs made Caucasian Albania a vassal state after the Christian resistance, led by Prince <a href="/wiki/Javanshir" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanshir">Javanshir</a>, surrendered in 667.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 71  Between the ninth and tenth centuries, Arab authors began to refer to the region between the <a href="/wiki/Kura_(Caspian_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura (Caspian Sea)">Kura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras</a> rivers as <a href="/wiki/Arran_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arran (Azerbaijan)">Arran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 20  During this time, Arabs from <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> came to Azerbaijan and seized lands that indigenous peoples had abandoned; the Arabs became a land-owning elite.<a href="#cite_note-lapidus-90">[89]</a>: 48  Conversion to Islam was slow as local resistance persisted for centuries and resentment grew as small groups of Arabs began migrating to cities such as <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maraghah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maraghah">Maraghah</a>. This influx sparked a major rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Azarbaijan_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azarbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a> from 816 to 837, led an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> commoner named <a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak Khorramdin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> However, despite pockets of continued resistance, the majority of the inhabitants of Azerbaijan converted to Islam. Later, in the 10th and 11th centuries, parts of Azerbaijan were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Shaddadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaddadid">Shaddadid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> <a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Radawids</a>. In the middle of the eleventh century, the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuq</a> dynasty overthrew Arab rule and established an empire that encompassed most of <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Asia">Southwest Asia</a>. The Seljuk period marked the influx of <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz</a> nomads into the region. The emerging dominance of the Turkic language was chronicled in epic poems or dastans, the oldest being the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dede_Korkut" title="Book of Dede Korkut">Book of Dede Korkut</a>, which relate <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> tales about the early Turks in the Caucasus and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 45  Turkic dominion was interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> in 1227, but it returned with the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurids</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Qara Qoyunlū</a> (Black Sheep Turkmen) and <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlū</a> (White Sheep Turkmen), who dominated Azerbaijan, large parts of Iran, eastern Anatolia, and other minor parts of West Asia, until the <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Islam">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavids</a> took power in 1501.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 113 <a href="#cite_note-lapidus-90">[89]</a>: 285  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirvan_Tatar,_engraving_from_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg/170px-Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg/255px-Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg/340px-Shirvan_Tatar%2C_engraving_from_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Shirvan Tatar (i.e. Azerbaijani). Engraving from book of Jean Baptiste Benoît Eyriès. Voyage pittoresque en Asie et en Afrique: résumé général des voyages anciens et modernes... T. I, 1839</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavids">Safavids</a>, who rose from around <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> in Iranian Azerbaijan and lasted until 1722, established the foundations of the modern Iranian state.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> The Safavids, alongside their <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman</a> archrivals, dominated the entire West Asian region and beyond for centuries. At its peak under <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abbas_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abbas I">Shah Abbas the Great</a>, it rivaled its political and ideological archrival the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman empire</a> in military strength. Noted for achievements in state-building, architecture, and the sciences, the Safavid state crumbled due to internal decay (mostly royal intrigues), ethnic minority uprisings and external pressures from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russians</a>, and the eventually opportunistic <a href="/wiki/Hotaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotaki">Afghans</a>, who would mark the end of the dynasty. The Safavids encouraged and spread Shi'a Islam, as well as the arts and culture, and Shah <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Abbas the Great</a> created an intellectual atmosphere that according to some scholars was a new "golden age".<a href="#cite_note-Sammis-93">[92]</a> He reformed the government and the military and responded to the needs of the common people.<a href="#cite_note-Sammis-93">[92]</a> After the Safavid state disintegrated, it was followed by the conquest by <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah_Afshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nader Shah Afshar">Nader Shah Afshar</a>, a Shia chieftain from <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Province">Khorasan</a> who reduced the power of the ghulat Shi'a and empowered a moderate form of Shi'ism,<a href="#cite_note-lapidus-90">[89]</a>: 300  and, exceptionally noted for his military genius, making Iran reach its greatest extent since the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a>. The brief reign of <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Karim Khan">Karim Khan</a> came next, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajars</a>, who ruled what is the present-day Azerbaijan Republic and Iran from 1779.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a>: 106  Russia loomed as a threat to Persian and Turkish holdings in the Caucasus in this period. The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a>, despite already having had minor military conflicts in the 17th century, officially began in the eighteenth century and ended in the early nineteenth century with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a> of 1813 and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> in 1828, which ceded the Caucasian portion of Qajar Iran to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-altstadt-57">[57]</a>: 17  While Azerbaijanis in Iran integrated into Iranian society, Azerbaijanis who used to live in Aran, were incorporated into the Russian Empire. Despite the Russian conquest, throughout the entire 19th century, preoccupation with <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Iranian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Iran">literature</a>, and language remained widespread amongst Shia and Sunni intellectuals in the Russian-held cities of <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a> and Tiflis (<a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, now Georgia).<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Within the same century, in post-Iranian Russian-held East Caucasia, an <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_national_identity" title="Azerbaijani national identity">Azerbaijani national identity</a> emerged at the end of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-Gasimov1-95">[94]</a> In 1891, the idea of recognizing oneself as an "Azerbaijani Turk" was first popularized amongst the Caucasus Tatars in the periodical Kashkül.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> The articles printed in Kaspiy and Kashkül in 1891 are typically credited as being the earliest expressions of a cultural Azerbaijani identity.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Modernisation—compared to the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>—was slow to develop amongst the Tatars of the Russian Caucasus. According to the 1897 <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire_census" title="Russian Empire census">Russian Empire census</a>, less than five percent of the Tatars were able to read or write. The intellectual and newspaper editor <a href="/wiki/Ali_bey_Huseynzade" title="Ali bey Huseynzade">Ali bey Huseynzade</a> (1864-1940) led a campaign to ‘Turkify, Islamise, modernise’ the Caucasian Tatars, whereas <a href="/wiki/Mammed_Said_Ordubadi" title="Mammed Said Ordubadi">Mammed Said Ordubadi</a> (1872-1950), another journalist and activist, criticized superstition amongst Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period_in_Republic_of_Azerbaijan">Modern period in Republic of Azerbaijan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_(1919).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif/210px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif" decoding="async" width="210" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif/315px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif/420px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic_2_%281919%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1387" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> presented by the Azerbaijani delegation <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> in 1919</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_(1918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/315px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg/420px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Azerbaijan_%281918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>First flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (till 9 November 1918)<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg/230px-Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg/345px-Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Army_of_Azerbaijan_in_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers and officers of the army of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> in 1918</figcaption></figure> After the collapse of the Russian Empire during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a> was declared, constituting what are the present-day republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a> massacres<a href="#cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-smithmusavat-101">[100]</a> that took place between 30 March and 2 April 1918 in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the <a href="/wiki/Baku_Governorate" title="Baku Governorate">Baku Governorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-102">[101]</a> When the republic dissolved in May 1918, the leading <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Musavat party</a> adopted the name "Azerbaijan" for the newly established <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>, which was proclaimed on 27 May 1918,<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> for political reasons,<a href="#cite_note-Routledgeb-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sochineniya,_vol_II/1b-105">[104]</a> even though the name of "Azerbaijan" had been used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-I.B.Tauris-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Pressb-107">[106]</a> The ADR was the first modern <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a> in the Turkic world and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-kazemzadeh-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Among the important accomplishments of the Parliament was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan the first Muslim nation to grant women equal political rights with men.<a href="#cite_note-kazemzadeh-108">[107]</a> Another important accomplishment of ADR was the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Baku_State_University" title="Baku State University">Baku State University</a>, which was the first modern-type university founded in Muslim East.<a href="#cite_note-kazemzadeh-108">[107]</a> By March 1920, it was obvious that Soviet Russia would attack the much-needed Baku. <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> said that the invasion was justified as <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> could not survive without Baku's <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Independent Azerbaijan lasted only 23 months until the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> <a href="/wiki/11th_Soviet_Red_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Soviet Red Army">11th Soviet Red Army</a> invaded it, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a> on 28 April 1920. Although the bulk of the newly formed Azerbaijani army was engaged in putting down an Armenian revolt that had just broken out in <a href="/wiki/Karabakh" title="Karabakh">Karabakh</a>, Azeris did not surrender their brief independence of 1918–20 quickly or easily. As many as 20,000 Azerbaijani soldiers died resisting what was effectively a Russian reconquest.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> The brief independence gained by the short-lived Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918–1920 was followed by over 70 years of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nichol-113">[112]</a>: 91  Neverthelesss, it was in the early Soviet period that the Azerbaijani national identity was finally forged.<a href="#cite_note-Gasimov1-95">[94]</a> After the restoration of independence in October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan became embroiled in a war with neighboring Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.<a href="#cite_note-nichol-113">[112]</a>: 97  The <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> resulted in the displacement of approximately 725,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000–500,000 Armenians from both Azerbaijan and Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> As a result of <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war</a>, Azerbaijan took back 5 cities, 4 towns, 286 villages in the region.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement</a>, internally displaced persons and refugees shall return to the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent areas under the supervision of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period_in_Iran">Modern period in Iran</h3></div> In Iran, Azerbaijanis such as <a href="/wiki/Sattar_Khan" title="Sattar Khan">Sattar Khan</a> sought constitutional reform.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution</a> of 1906–11 shook the Qajar dynasty. A parliament (Majlis) was founded on the efforts of the constitutionalists, and pro-democracy newspapers appeared. The last Shah of the Qajar dynasty was soon removed in a military coup led by <a href="/wiki/Reza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Khan">Reza Khan</a>. In the quest to impose national homogeneity on a country where half of the population were ethnic minorities, Reza Shah banned in quick succession the use of the Azerbaijani language in schools, theatrical performances, religious ceremonies, and books.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sattar_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sattar_Khan.jpg/190px-Sattar_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sattar_Khan.jpg/285px-Sattar_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Sattar_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Khan" title="Sattar Khan">Sattar Khan</a> (1868–1914) was a major <a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">revolutionary</a> figure in the late <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> period in Iran.</figcaption></figure> Upon the dethronement of Reza Shah in September 1941, Soviet forces <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">took control</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian Azerbaijan</a> and helped to set up the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_People%27s_Government" title="Azerbaijan People's Government">Azerbaijan People's Government</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Jafar_Pishevari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Jafar Pishevari">Sayyid Jafar Pishevari</a> backed by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Azerbaijan">Soviet Azerbaijan</a>. The Soviet military presence in Iranian Azerbaijan was mainly aimed at securing the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> supply route during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Concerned with the continued Soviet presence after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the United States and Britain pressured the Soviets to withdraw by <a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">late 1946</a>. Immediately thereafter, the Iranian government regained control of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>. According to Professor Gary R. Hess, local Azerbaijanis favored the Iranian rule, while the Soviets forewent the Iranian Azerbaijan due to the exaggerated sentiment for autonomy and oil being their top priority.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Azerbaijanis" title="Origin of the Azerbaijanis">Origin of the Azerbaijanis</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Azerbaijanis##" title="Talk:Azerbaijanis">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>. (January 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijanis&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In many references, Azerbaijanis are designated as a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic people</a>,<a href="#cite_note-golden-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> while some sources describe the origin of Azerbaijanis as "unclear",<a href="#cite_note-Matveeva_2002-121">[120]</a> mainly Caucasian,<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> mainly Iranian,<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> mixed <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albanian</a> and Turkish,<a href="#cite_note-Suny-125">[124]</a> and mixed with Caucasian, Iranian, and Turkic elements.<a href="#cite_note-Cornell_2015-126">[125]</a> Russian historian and orientalist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Minorsky" title="Vladimir Minorsky">Vladimir Minorsky</a> writes that largely Iranian and Caucasian populations became Turkic-speaking following the Oghuz occupation of the region, though the characteristic features of the local Turkic language, such as Persian intonations and disregard of the vocalic harmony, were a remnant of the non-Turkic population.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Historical research suggests that the <a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Azeri language">Old Azeri language</a>, belonging to the Northwestern branch of the Iranian languages and believed to have descended from the language of the Medes,<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> gradually gained currency and was widely spoken in said region for many centuries.<a href="#cite_note-LANDS_OF_IRAN-129">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-peoples_survey-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-roy2-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Some Azerbaijanis of the Republic of Azerbaijan are believed to be descended from the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>, an ancient country located in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region, and various Iranian peoples which settled the region.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> They claim there is evidence that, due to repeated invasions and migrations, the aboriginal Caucasian population may have gradually been culturally and linguistically assimilated, first by Iranian peoples, such as the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> and later by the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a>. Considerable information has been learned about the Caucasian Albanians, including <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_language" title="Caucasian Albanian language">their language</a>, history, early conversion to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and relations with the <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>, under whose strong religious and cultural influence the Caucasian Albanians came in the coming centuries.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkic_origin_and_Turkification">Turkic origin and Turkification</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></div> Turkification of the non-Turkic population derives from the Turkic settlements in the area now known as Azerbaijan, which began and accelerated during the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-golden-45">[45]</a> The migration of Oghuz Turks from present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, which is attested by linguistic similarity, remained high through the Mongol period, as many troops under the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanids">Ilkhanids</a> were Turkic. By the <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid</a> period, the Turkic nature of Azerbaijan increased with the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a>, an association of the <a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkoman</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> nomadic tribes that was the backbone of the Safavid Empire. According to Soviet scholars, the Turkicization of Azerbaijan was largely completed during the Ilkhanid period. Faruk Sümer posits three periods in which Turkicization took place: Seljuk, Mongol and Post-Mongol (Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu and Safavid). In the first two, Oghuz Turkic tribes advanced or were driven to Anatolia and Arran. In the last period, the Turkic elements in Iran (Oghuz, with lesser admixtures of Uyghur, Qipchaq, Qarluq as well as Turkicized Mongols) were joined now by Anatolian Turks migrating back to Iran. This marked the final stage of Turkicization.<a href="#cite_note-golden-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_origin">Iranian origin</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian peoples">Persian peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)">Tat people (Iran)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tat people (Caucasus)</a></div> 10th-century Arab historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a> attested the <a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a> language and described that the region of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> Archaeological evidence indicates that the Iranian religion of <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> was prominent throughout the Caucasus before Christianity and Islam.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a>, Azerbaijanis mainly originate from the earlier Iranian speakers, who still exist to this day in smaller numbers, and a massive migration of Oghuz Turks in the 11th and 12th centuries gradually Turkified Azerbaijan as well as Anatolia.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucasian_origin">Caucasian origin</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijani_woman_from_Shusha_in_silk_national_garments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Azerbaijani_woman_from_Shusha_in_silk_national_garments.jpg/180px-Azerbaijani_woman_from_Shusha_in_silk_national_garments.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Azerbaijani_woman_from_Shusha_in_silk_national_garments.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Azerbaijani girl from <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a> in silk national garments</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></div> According to Encyclopædia Britannica, the Azerbaijanis are of mixed descent, originating in the indigenous population of eastern Transcaucasia and possibly the Medians from northern Iran.<a href="#cite_note-eb-144">[143]</a> There is evidence that, due to repeated invasions and migrations, aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasians</a> may have been culturally assimilated, first by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iranian peoples">Ancient Iranian peoples</a> and later by the Oghuz. Considerable information has been learned about the Caucasian Albanians including their language, history, early conversion to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Udi_language" title="Udi language">Udi language</a>, still spoken in Azerbaijan, may be a remnant of the Albanians' language.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics">Genetics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East" title="Genetic history of the Middle East">Genetic history of the Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe" title="Genetic history of Europe">Genetic history of Europe</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a>. Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Azerbaijanis%22">"Azerbaijanis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Azerbaijanis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Azerbaijanis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Azerbaijanis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Azerbaijanis%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Azerbaijanis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (January 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Contemporary Western Asian genomes, a region that includes Azerbaijan, have been greatly influenced by early agricultural populations in the area; later population movements, such as those of Turkic speakers, also contributed.<a href="#cite_note-Taskent_et_al_2017-146">[145]</a> However, as of 2017, there is no <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">whole genome sequencing</a> study for Azerbaijan; sampling limitations such as these prevent forming a "finer-scale picture of the genetic history of the region".<a href="#cite_note-Taskent_et_al_2017-146">[145]</a> A 2014 study comparing the genetics of the populations from Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, (which were grouped as "Western <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>") Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan (grouped as "Eastern Silk Road") found that the samples from Azerbaijan were the only group from the Western Silk Road to show significant contribution from the Eastern Silk Road, despite the overall clustering with the other samples from the Western Silk Road. The eastern input into the Azerbaijani genetics was estimated to be roughly 25 generations ago, corresponding to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Mongolian expansion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> A 2002 study focusing on eleven Y-chromosome markers suggested that Azerbaijanis are genetically more related to their Caucasian geographic neighbors than to their linguistic neighbors.<a href="#cite_note-nasidze-148">[147]</a> Iranian Azerbaijanis are genetically more similar to northern Azerbaijanis and the neighboring Turkic population than they are to geographically distant Turkmen populations.<a href="#cite_note-andonian-149">[148]</a> Iranian-speaking populations from Azerbaijan (the <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a>) are genetically closer to Azerbaijanis of the Republic than to other Iranian-speaking populations (<a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> from Iran, <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>).<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> Several genetic studies suggested that the Azerbaijanis originate from a native population long resident in the area who adopted a Turkic language through <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language replacement</a>, including possibility of elite dominance scenario.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-yepiskoposian-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasidze-148">[147]</a> However, the language replacement in Azerbaijan (and in Turkey) might not have been in accordance with the elite dominance model, with estimated Central Asian contribution to Azerbaijan being 18% for females and 32% for males.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> A subsequent study also suggested 33% Central Asian contribution to Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-Berkman_et_al_2008-154">[153]</a> A 2001 study which looked into the first <a href="/wiki/Hypervariable_region" title="Hypervariable region">hypervariable segment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">MtDNA</a> suggested that "genetic relationships among Caucasus populations reflect geographical rather than linguistic relationships", with Armenians and Azerbaijanians being "most closely related to their nearest geographical neighbours".<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Another 2004 study that looked into 910 <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">MtDNAs</a> from 23 populations in the Iranian plateau, the Indus Valley, and Central Asia suggested that populations "west of the Indus basin, including those from Iran, Anatolia [Turkey] and the Caucasus, exhibit a common mtDNA lineage composition, consisting mainly of western Eurasian lineages, with a very limited contribution from South Asia and eastern Eurasia".<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> While genetic analysis of mtDNA indicates that Caucasian populations are genetically closer to Europeans than to Near Easterners, Y-chromosome results indicate closer affinity to Near Eastern groups.<a href="#cite_note-nasidze-148">[147]</a> The range of haplogroups across the region may reflect historical genetic admixture,<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> perhaps as a result of invasive male migrations.<a href="#cite_note-nasidze-148">[147]</a> In a comparative study (2013) on the complete mitochondrial DNA diversity in Iranians has indicated that Iranian Azeris are more related to the people of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, than they are to other <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranians</a>, as well as to <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>. However the same <a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_scaling" title="Multidimensional scaling">multidimensional scaling</a> plot shows that Azeris from the Caucasus, despite their supposed common origin with Iranian Azeris, "occupy an intermediate position between the Azeris/Georgians and Turks/Iranians grouping".<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> A 2007 study which looked into class two <a href="/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen" title="Human leukocyte antigen">Human leukocyte antigen</a> suggested that there were "no close genetic relationship was observed between Azeris of Iran and the people of Turkey or Central Asians".<a href="#cite_note-Farjadian_et_al_2007-159">[158]</a> A 2017 study which looked into <a href="/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen" title="Human leukocyte antigen">HLA</a> <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">alleles</a> put the samples from Azeris in Northwest Iran "in the Mediterranean cluster close to Kurds, Gorgan, Chuvash (South Russia, towards North Caucasus), Iranians and Caucasus populations (Svan and Georgians)". This Mediterranean stock includes "Turkish and Caucasian populations". Azeri samples were also in a "position between Mediterranean and Central Asian" samples, suggesting Turkification "process caused by Oghuz Turkic tribes could also contribute to the genetic background of Azeri people".<a href="#cite_note-Arnaiz-Villena_et_al_2017-160">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_and_society">Demographics and society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Demographics of Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics of Iran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">List of Azerbaijanis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Azerbaijani_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3721" data-file-height="3411" /></a><figcaption>Azerbaijani-speaking regions</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg/260px-Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg/390px-Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg/520px-Azerbaijanis_from_Aleksandropol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Russian Empire postcard depicting Tatars (i.e. Azerbaijanis) from Alexandropol (Gyumri)</figcaption></figure> The vast majority of Azerbaijanis live in the Republic of Azerbaijan and <a href="/wiki/Azarbaijan_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azarbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>. Between 12 and 23 million Azerbaijanis live in Iran,<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-16.7mil-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-18mil-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gheissari-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bani-Shoraka-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Potter-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crane-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moaddel-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eschment-10">[10]</a> mainly in the northwestern provinces. Approximately 9.1 million Azerbaijanis are found in the Republic of Azerbaijan. A diaspora of over a million is spread throughout the rest of the world. According to <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>, there are over 1 million speakers of the northern Azerbaijani dialect in southern <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian proper, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> No Azerbaijanis were recorded in the 2001 census in Armenia,<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> resulted in population shifts. Other sources, such as national censuses, confirm the presence of Azerbaijanis throughout the other states of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Republic_of_Azerbaijan">In the Republic of Azerbaijan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_tradition_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding tradition in Azerbaijan">Wedding tradition in Azerbaijan</a></div> Azerbaijanis are by far the largest ethnic group in The Republic of Azerbaijan (over 90%), holding the second-largest community of ethnic Azerbaijanis after neighboring Iran. The literacy rate is very high, and is estimated at 99.5%.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Azerbaijan began the twentieth century with institutions based upon those of Russia and the Soviet Union, with an official policy of atheism and strict state control over most aspects of society. Since independence, there is a secular system. Azerbaijan has benefited from the oil industry, but high levels of corruption have prevented greater prosperity for the population.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> Despite these problems, there is a financial rebirth in Azerbaijan as positive economic predictions and an active political opposition appear determined to improve the lives of average Azerbaijanis.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Azerbaijan-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Iran">In Iran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/190px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/285px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg/380px-Ashiqs_in_Tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashiks</a> performance in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg/220px-Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg/330px-Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg/440px-Ali_Khamenei_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Iran's highest-ranking official, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_leader" title="Supreme leader">supreme leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>, is Iranian Azeri on his father's side.</figcaption></figure> The exact number of Azerbaijanis in Iran is heavily disputed. Since the early twentieth century, successive Iranian governments have avoided publishing statistics on ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-state-167">[166]</a> Unofficial population estimates of Azerbaijanis in Iran are around the 16% area put forth by the CIA and Library of Congress.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Iran-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Iran-169">[168]</a> An independent poll in 2009 placed the figure at around 20–22%.<a href="#cite_note-tft-170">[169]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies">Iranologist</a> Victoria Arakelova in peer-reviewed journal <a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Caucasus" title="Iran and the Caucasus">Iran and the Caucasus</a>, estimating the number of Azeris in Iran has been hampered for years since the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, when the "once invented theory of the so called separated nation (i.e. the citizens of the Azerbaijan Republic, the so-called Azerbaijanis, and the Azaris in Iran), was actualised again (see in detail Reza 1993)". Arakelova adds that the number of Azeris in Iran, featuring in the politically biased publications as "Azerbaijani minority of Iran", is considered to be the "highly speculative part of this theory". Even though all Iranian censuses of population distinguish exclusively religious minorities, numerous sources have presented different figures regarding Iran's Turkic-speaking communities, without "any justification or concrete references".<a href="#cite_note-Arakelova-12">[12]</a> In the early 1990s, right after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the most popular figure depicting the number of "Azerbaijanis" in Iran was thirty-three million, at a time when the entire population of Iran was barely sixty million. Therefore, at the time, half of Iran's citizens were considered "Azerbaijanis". Shortly after, this figure was replaced by thirty million, which became "almost a normative account on the demographic situation in Iran, widely circulating not only among academics and political analysts, but also in the official circles of Russia and the West". Then, in the 2000s, the figure decreased to 20 million; this time, at least within the Russian political establishment, the figure became "firmly fixed". This figure, Arakelova adds, has been widely used and kept up to date, only with a few minor adjustments. A cursory look at Iran's demographic situation however, shows that all these figures have been manipulated and were "definitely invented on political purpose". Arakelova estimates the number of Azeris i.e. "Azerbaijanis" in Iran based on Iran's population demographics at 6 to 6.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-Arakelova-12">[12]</a> Azerbaijanis in Iran are mainly found in the northwest provinces: <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Hamedan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamedan Province">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qazvin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazvin Province">Qazvin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Markazi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazi Province">Markazi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Iran-169">[168]</a> Azerbaijani minorities live in the <a href="/wiki/Qorveh_County" title="Qorveh County">Qorveh</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bijar_County" title="Bijar County">Bijar</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Province">Kurdistan</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclaves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galugah" title="Galugah">Galugah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran Province">Mazandaran</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Lotfabad" title="Lotfabad">Lotfabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dargaz" title="Dargaz">Dargaz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> and in the town of <a href="/wiki/Gonbad-e_Qabus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad-e Qabus">Gonbad-e Qabus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Large Azerbaijani populations can also be found in central Iran (<a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran</a> # <a href="/wiki/Alborz_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Alborz Province">Alborz</a>) due to internal migration. Azerbaijanis make up 25%<a href="#cite_note-The_Council_of_Public_Culture-179">[178]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>'s population and 30.3%<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> – 33%<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> of the population of the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran Province</a>, where Azerbaijanis are found in every city.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> They are the largest ethnic groups after <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> in Tehran and the Tehran Province.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Arakelova notes that the widespread "cliché" among residents of Tehran on the number of Azerbaijanis in the city ("half of Tehran consists of Azerbaijanis"), cannot be taken "seriously into consideration". Arakelova adds that the number of Tehran's inhabitants who have migrated from northwestern areas of Iran, who are currently Persian-speakers "for the most part", is not more than "several hundred thousands", with the maximum being one million.<a href="#cite_note-Arakelova-12">[12]</a> Azerbaijanis have also emigrated and resettled in large numbers in <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Province">Khorasan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> especially in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Generally, Azerbaijanis in Iran were regarded as "a well integrated linguistic minority" by academics prior to <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iran's Islamic Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Despite friction, Azerbaijanis in Iran came to be well represented at all levels of "political, military, and intellectual hierarchies, as well as the religious hierarchy".<a href="#cite_note-state-167">[166]</a> Resentment came with Pahlavi policies that suppressed the use of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> in local government, schools, and the press.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> However, with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in 1979, emphasis shifted away from nationalism as the new government highlighted religion as the main unifying factor. Islamic <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> institutions dominate nearly all aspects of society. The Azerbaijani language and its literature are banned in Iranian schools.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> There are signs of civil unrest due to the policies of the Iranian government in Iranian Azerbaijan and increased interaction with fellow Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan and satellite broadcasts from Turkey and other Turkic countries have revived Azerbaijani nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> In May 2006, Iranian Azerbaijan witnessed riots over publication of a <a href="/wiki/Iran_newspaper_cockroach_cartoon_controversy" title="Iran newspaper cockroach cartoon controversy">cartoon depicting a cockroach speaking Azerbaijani</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> that many Azerbaijanis found offensive.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> The cartoon was drawn by <a href="/wiki/Mana_Neyestani" title="Mana Neyestani">Mana Neyestani</a>, an Azeri, who was fired along with his editor as a result of the controversy.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> One of the major incidents that happened recently was <a href="/wiki/Azeris_protests_in_Iran_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeris protests in Iran (2015)">Azeris protests in Iran (2015)</a> started in November 2015, after children's television programme Fitileha aired on 6 November on state TV that ridiculed and mocked the accent and language of Azeris and included offensive jokes.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> As a result, hundreds of ethnic Azeris have protested a program on state TV that contained what they consider an ethnic slur. Demonstrations were held in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a>, as well as Tehran and <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a>. Police in Iran have clashed with protesting people, fired tear gas to disperse crowds, and many demonstrators were arrested. One of the protesters, Ali Akbar Murtaza, reportedly "died of injuries" in Urmia.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> There were also protests held in front of Iranian embassies in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The head of the country's state broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB)</a> Mohammad Sarafraz has apologized for airing the program, whose broadcast was later discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Azerbaijanis are an intrinsic community of Iran, and their style of living closely resemble those of <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The lifestyles of urban Azerbaijanis do not differ from those of Persians, and there is considerable intermarriage among the upper classes in cities of mixed populations. Similarly, customs among Azerbaijani villagers do not appear to differ markedly from those of Persian villagers.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Iran-169">[168]</a></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Azeris are famously active in commerce and in bazaars all over Iran their voluble voices can be heard. Older Azeri men wear the traditional wool hat, and their music & dances have become part of the mainstream culture. Azeris are well integrated, and many Azeri-Iranians are prominent in <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>, politics, and clerical world.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a></blockquote> There is significant cross-border trade between Azerbaijan and Iran, and Azerbaijanis from Azerbaijan go into Iran to buy goods that are cheaper, but the relationship was tense until recently.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-191">[190]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan-Iran_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan-Iran relations">relations</a> have significantly improved since the <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Rouhani</a> administration took office. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subgroups">Subgroups</h3></div> There are at least ten Azerbaijani ethnic groups, each of which has particularities in the economy, culture, and everyday life. Some Azerbaijani ethnic groups continued in the last quarter of the 19th century. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg/170px-Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg/255px-Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg/340px-Ayrum_from_village_of_Gedamish_of_Ganja_Uyezd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1130" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg/170px-Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg/255px-Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg/340px-Shahsevan_girls_from_a_rich_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2524" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Ayrum from Azerbaijan (left); Shahsevan girls from a rich family. End of the 19th century, Iran (right).</div></div></div></div> Major Azerbaijani ethnic groups: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrums</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwietochowskiCollins199928-204">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afshars">Afshars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayat_(tribe)" title="Bayat (tribe)">Bayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaradaghis" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaradaghis">Qaradaghis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapak" class="mw-redirect" title="Karapapak">Karapapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padar_tribe" title="Padar tribe">Padar tribe</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwietochowskiCollins199928-204">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terekeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Terekeme">Terekeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwietochowskiCollins199928-204">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajars_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qajars (tribe)">Qajars</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Azerbaijan" title="Women in Azerbaijan">Women in Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iran" title="Women in Iran">Women in Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azeri_1900.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Azeri_1900.PNG/170px-Azeri_1900.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Azeri_1900.PNG/255px-Azeri_1900.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Azeri_1900.PNG/340px-Azeri_1900.PNG 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Azeri woman from Baku (1900 postcard)</figcaption></figure> In Azerbaijan, women were granted the right to vote in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> Women have attained Western-style equality in major cities such as <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, although in rural areas more reactionary views remain.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Azerbaijan-165">[164]</a> Violence against women, including rape, is rarely reported, especially in rural areas, not unlike other parts of the former Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> In Azerbaijan, the veil was abandoned during the Soviet period.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Women are under-represented in elective office but have attained high positions in parliament. An Azerbaijani woman is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Azerbaijan, and two others are Justices of the Constitutional Court. In the 2010 election, women constituted 16% of all MPs (twenty seats in total) in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Azerbaijan">National Assembly of Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a> is available on demand in the Republic of Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> The human rights <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman#Azerbaijan" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a> since 2002, <a href="/wiki/Elmira_S%C3%BCleymanova" title="Elmira Süleymanova">Elmira Süleymanova</a>, is a woman. In Iran, a groundswell of grassroots movements have sought gender equality since the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Iran-169">[168]</a> Protests in defiance of government bans are dispersed through violence, as on 12 June 2006 when female demonstrators in Haft Tir Square in Tehran were beaten.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Past Iranian leaders, such as the reformer ex-president <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a> promised women greater rights, but the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a> of Iran opposes changes that they interpret as contrary to Islamic doctrine. In the 2004 legislative elections, nine women were elected to parliament (<a href="/wiki/Majlis" title="Majlis">Majlis</a>), eight of whom were conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> The social fate of Azerbaijani women largely mirrors that of other women in Iran.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Culture of Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Culture of Iran</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_and_literature">Language and literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Azerbaijani literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Azerbaijani_poet_Fuzuli_by_Azimzade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Fuz%C3%BBl%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzûlî">Muhammad Fuzûlî</a> by <a href="/wiki/Azim_Azimzade" title="Azim Azimzade">Azim Azimzade</a> (1914). Fuzûlî is considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Azerbaijani poets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a></figcaption></figure> The Azerbaijanis speak the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> descended from the branches of Oghuz Turkic language that became established in Azerbaijan in the 11th and 12th centuries CE. The <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a>, sharing varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a> with each of those languages.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> Certain lexical and grammatical differences formed within the Azerbaijani language as spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran, after nearly two centuries of separation between the communities speaking the language; <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a>, however, has been preserved.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> Additionally, the Turkish and Azerbaijani languages are mutually intelligible to a high enough degree that their speakers can have simple conversations without prior knowledge of the other.<a href="#cite_note-nichol-113">[112]</a> Early literature was mainly based on oral tradition, and the later compiled epics and heroic stories of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dede_Korkut" title="Book of Dede Korkut">Dede Korkut</a> probably derive from it. The first written, classical Azerbaijani literature arose after the Mongol invasion, while the first accepted Oghuz Turkic text goes back to the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> Some of the earliest Azerbaijani writings trace back to the poet <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Nasimi</a> (died 1417) and then decades later <a href="/wiki/Fuz%C3%BBl%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzûlî">Fuzûlî</a> (1483–1556). <a href="/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail I</a>, Shah of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid Iran</a> wrote Azerbaijani poetry under the pen name Khatâ'i. Modern Azerbaijani literature continued with a traditional emphasis upon <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, as conveyed in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Samad_Vurgun" title="Samad Vurgun">Samad Vurgun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hossein_Shahriar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hossein Shahriar">Shahriar</a>, and many others.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Azerbaijanis are generally bilingual, often fluent in either Russian (in Azerbaijan) or <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (in Iran) in addition to their native Azerbaijani. As of 1996, around 38% of Azerbaijan's roughly 8,000,000 population spoke Russian fluently.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> An independent telephone survey in Iran in 2009 reported that 20% of respondents could understand Azerbaijani, the most spoken minority language in Iran, and all respondents could understand Persian.<a href="#cite_note-tft-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion in Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Azerbaijan" title="Islam in Azerbaijan">Islam in Azerbaijan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam in Iran</a></div> The majority of Azerbaijanis are <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Islam">Shi'a Muslims</a>. Religious minorities include <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslims</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> just like other Muslims in the surrounding North Caucasus),<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a>. An unknown number of Azerbaijanis in the Republic of Azerbaijan have no religious affiliation. Many describe themselves as Shia Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Azerbaijan-165">[164]</a> There is a small number of <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a> among Muslim Azerbaijanis.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> Christian Azerbaijanis number around 5,000 people in the Republic of Azerbaijan and consist mostly of recent converts.<a href="#cite_note-Day.az-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Radio-222">[221]</a> Some Azerbaijanis from rural regions retain pre-Islamic <a href="/wiki/Animist" class="mw-redirect" title="Animist">animist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">Zoroastrian</a>-influenced<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> beliefs, such as the sanctity of certain sites and the veneration of fire, certain trees and rocks.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> In Azerbaijan, traditions from other religions are often celebrated in addition to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Islamic holidays</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Music of Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Music of Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alim_Qasimov,_Bahram_Mansurov,_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg/170px-Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg/255px-Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg/340px-Alim_Qasimov%2C_Bahram_Mansurov%2C_Talat_Bakikhanov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mugham_triads" title="Mugham triads">Mugham triads</a></figcaption></figure> In the group dance the performers come together in a semi-circular or circular formation as, "The leader of these dances often executes special figures as well as signaling and changes in the foot patterns, movements, or direction in which the group is moving, often by gesturing with his or her hand, in which a kerchief is held."<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Azerbaijani musical tradition can be traced back to singing <a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">bards</a> called <a href="/wiki/Ashiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashiq">Ashiqs</a>, a vocation that survives. Modern Ashiqs play the <a href="/wiki/Baglama" class="mw-redirect" title="Baglama">saz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>) and sing dastans (historical <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a>).<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> Other musical instruments include the <a href="/wiki/Tar_(lute)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar (lute)">tar</a> (another type of lute), <a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">balaban</a> (a wind instrument), <a href="/wiki/Kamancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamancha">kamancha</a> (fiddle), and the <a href="/wiki/Dhol" title="Dhol">dhol</a> (drums). Azerbaijani classical music, called <a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">mugham</a>, is often an emotional singing performance. Composers <a href="/wiki/Uzeyir_Hajibeyov" title="Uzeyir Hajibeyov">Uzeyir Hajibeyov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gara_Garayev" title="Gara Garayev">Gara Garayev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fikret_Amirov" title="Fikret Amirov">Fikret Amirov</a> created a hybrid style that combines Western <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">classical music</a> with mugham. Other Azerbaijanis, notably <a href="/wiki/Vagif_Mustafa_Zadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagif Mustafa Zadeh">Vagif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aziza_Mustafa_Zadeh" title="Aziza Mustafa Zadeh">Aziza Mustafa Zadeh</a>, mixed <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> with mugham. Some Azerbaijani musicians have received international acclaim, including <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Behbudov" title="Rashid Behbudov">Rashid Behbudov</a> (who could sing in over eight languages), <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Magomayev_(musician)" title="Muslim Magomayev (musician)">Muslim Magomayev</a> (a pop star from the Soviet era), <a href="/wiki/Googoosh" title="Googoosh">Googoosh</a>, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Sami_Yusuf" title="Sami Yusuf">Sami Yusuf</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the <a href="/wiki/1979_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 revolution">1979 revolution</a> in Iran due to the clerical opposition to music in general, Azerbaijani music took a different course. According to Iranian singer <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Alizadeh" title="Hossein Alizadeh">Hossein Alizadeh</a>, "Historically in Iran, music faced strong opposition from the religious establishment, forcing it to go underground."<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> Some Azerbaijanis have been film-makers, such as <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Ibragimbekov" class="mw-redirect" title="Rustam Ibragimbekov">Rustam Ibragimbekov</a>, who wrote <a href="/wiki/Burnt_by_the_Sun" title="Burnt by the Sun">Burnt by the Sun</a>, winner of the Grand Prize at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a> in 1994. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_at_the_Olympics" title="Azerbaijan at the Olympics">Azerbaijan at the Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_Olympic_medalists" title="List of Azerbaijani Olympic medalists">List of Azerbaijani Olympic medalists</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1,_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1%2C_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg/200px-Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1%2C_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1%2C_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg/300px-Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1%2C_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov_1%2C_Candidates_Tournament_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Chess player <a href="/wiki/Shakhriyar_Mamedyarov" title="Shakhriyar Mamedyarov">Shakhriyar Mamedyarov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg/250px-Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg/375px-Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg/500px-Ilham_Zakiyev_at_2008_Paralympics_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Two-time <a href="/wiki/Judo_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" title="Judo at the Summer Paralympics">Paralympic judo</a> champion (2004, 2008) <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Zakiyev" title="Ilham Zakiyev">Ilham Zakiyev</a></figcaption></figure> Sports have historically been an important part of Azerbaijani life. Horseback competitions were praised in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Dede_Korkut" title="Book of Dede Korkut">Book of Dede Korkut</a> and by poets and writers such as <a href="/wiki/Khaqani" title="Khaqani">Khaqani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sport-228">[227]</a> Other ancient sports include <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javelin_throwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Javelin throwing">javelin throwing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>. The Soviet legacy has in modern times propelled some Azerbaijanis to become accomplished athletes at the Olympic level.<a href="#cite_note-sport-228">[227]</a> The Azerbaijani government supports the country's athletic legacy and encourages youth participation. Iranian athletes have particularly excelled in <a href="/wiki/Powerlifting" title="Powerlifting">weight lifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shooting</a>, javelin throwing, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and wrestling.<a href="#cite_note-MinistrySports-229">[228]</a> Weight lifters, such as Iran's <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Reza_Zadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Reza Zadeh">Hossein Reza Zadeh</a>, world super heavyweight-lifting record holder and two-time Olympic champion in 2000 and 2004, or <a href="/wiki/Hadi_Saei" title="Hadi Saei">Hadi Saei</a> is a former Iranian<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a> athlete who became the most successful Iranian athlete in Olympic history and <a href="/wiki/Nizami_Pashayev" title="Nizami Pashayev">Nizami Pashayev</a>, who won the European heavyweight title in 2006, have excelled at the international level. <a href="/wiki/Ramil_Guliyev" title="Ramil Guliyev">Ramil Guliyev</a>, an ethnic Azerbaijani who plays for Turkey, became the first <a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_World_Athletics_Championships" title="Turkey at the World Athletics Championships">world champion in athletics in the history of Turkey</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a> is another popular pastime in the Republic of Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> The country has produced many notable players, such as <a href="/wiki/Teimour_Radjabov" title="Teimour Radjabov">Teimour Radjabov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vugar_Gashimov" title="Vugar Gashimov">Vugar Gashimov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shahriyar_Mammadyarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahriyar Mammadyarov">Shahriyar Mammadyarov</a>, all three highly ranked internationally. Karate is also popular, where <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Aghayev" title="Rafael Aghayev">Rafael Aghayev</a> achieved particular success, becoming a five-time world champion and eleven-time European champion. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">List of Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan (Iran)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> The ethnonyms are also used to designate <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkiev1979190-78">[78]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avraham-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avraham_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-avraham_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSela,_Avraham2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YJwsAQAAIAAJ&q=30-35">The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</a>. Continuum. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1413-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1413-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-1413-7</bdi></a>. <q>They number 30-35 million and live primarily in Iran (approximately 20 million), the Republic of Azerbaijan (8 million), Turkey (1-2 million), Russia (1 million), and Georgia (300,000).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Political+Encyclopedia+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1413-7&rft.au=Sela%2C+Avraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYJwsAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D30-35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_2-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFSwietochowskiCollins1999">Swietochowski & Collins (1999</a>, p. 165): Today, Iranian Azerbaijan has a solid majority of Azeris with an estimated population of at least 15 million (over twice the population of the Azerbaijani Republic). (1999) </li> <li id="cite_note-16.7mil-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-16.7mil_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-16.7mil_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status">"Iran"</a>. Ethnologue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904065634/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IR/status">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2018. <q>Ethnic population: 16,700,000 (2019)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FIR%2Fstatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18mil-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-18mil_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-18mil_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Christian_Elling" title="Rasmus Christian Elling">Elling, Rasmus Christian</a> (18 February 2013). Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini. Springer. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-04780-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-04780-9"><bdi>978-1-137-04780-9</bdi></a>. <q>CIA and Library of Congress estimates range from 16 percent to 24 percent—that is, 12–18 million people if we employ the latest total figure for Iran's population (77.8 million).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minorities+in+Iran%3A+Nationalism+and+Ethnicity+after+Khomeini&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.isbn=978-1-137-04780-9&rft.aulast=Elling&rft.aufirst=Rasmus+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gheissari-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gheissari_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gheissari_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGheissari2009" class="citation book cs1">Gheissari, Ali (2 April 2009). Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988860-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988860-3"><bdi>978-0-19-988860-3</bdi></a>. <q>As of 2003, the ethnic classifications are estimated as: [...] Azeri (24 percent)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Iran%3A+Economy%2C+Society%2C+Politics&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988860-3&rft.aulast=Gheissari&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bani-Shoraka-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bani-Shoraka_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bani-Shoraka_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBani-Shoraka2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bani-Shoraka, Helena (1 July 2009). "Cross-generational bilingual strategies among Azerbaijanis in Tehran". International Journal of the Sociology of Language (198): 106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FIJSL.2009.029">10.1515/IJSL.2009.029</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1613-3668">1613-3668</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144993160">144993160</a>. <q>The latest figures estimate the Azerbaijani population at 24% of Iran's 70 million inhabitants (NVI 2003/2004: 301). This means that there are between 15 and 20 million Azerbaijanis in Iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=Cross-generational+bilingual+strategies+among+Azerbaijanis+in+Tehran&rft.issue=198&rft.pages=106&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144993160%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1613-3668&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FIJSL.2009.029&rft.aulast=Bani-Shoraka&rft.aufirst=Helena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potter-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potter_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potter_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2014" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Lawrence G. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=50pRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA290">Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937726-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937726-8"><bdi>978-0-19-937726-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sectarian+Politics+in+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-937726-8&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D50pRBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crane-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crane_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crane_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraneLalMartini2008" class="citation book cs1">Crane, Keith; Lal, Rollie; Martini, Jeffrey (6 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmlMdb5ACHEC&pg=PA38">Iran's Political, Demographic, and Economic Vulnerabilities</a>. RAND Corporation. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4527-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4527-0"><bdi>978-0-8330-4527-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+Political%2C+Demographic%2C+and+Economic+Vulnerabilities&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-4527-0&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Lal%2C+Rollie&rft.au=Martini%2C+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmlMdb5ACHEC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moaddel-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moaddel_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moaddel_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoaddelKarabenick2013" class="citation book cs1">Moaddel, Mansoor; Karabenick, Stuart A. (4 June 2013). Religious Fundamentalism in the Middle East: A Cross-National, Inter-Faith, and Inter-Ethnic Analysis. Brill. p. 101. <q>The Azeris have a mixed heritage of Iranic, Caucasian, and Turkic elements(...) Between 16 to 23 million Azeris live in Iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Fundamentalism+in+the+Middle+East%3A+A+Cross-National%2C+Inter-Faith%2C+and+Inter-Ethnic+Analysis&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft.aulast=Moaddel&rft.aufirst=Mansoor&rft.au=Karabenick%2C+Stuart+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eschment-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eschment_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eschment_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEschmentvon_Löwis2022" class="citation book cs1">Eschment, Beate; von Löwis, Sabine, eds. (18 August 2022). Post-Soviet Borders: A Kaleidoscope of Shifting Lives and Lands. Taylor & Francis. p. 31. <q>Irrespective of the large Azerbaijani population in Iran (about 20 million, compared to 7 million in Azerbaijan)(...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Soviet+Borders%3A+A+Kaleidoscope+of+Shifting+Lives+and+Lands&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-08-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-dictionary-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-16.7mil-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-18mil-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gheissari-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bani-Shoraka-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Potter-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crane-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moaddel-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eschment-10">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arakelova-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arakelova_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arakelova_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arakelova_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arakelova_12-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArakelova2015" class="citation journal cs1">Arakelova, Victoria (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43899203">"On the Number of Iranian Turkophones"</a>. Iran & the Caucasus. 19 (3): 279–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573384X-20150306">10.1163/1573384X-20150306</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43899203">43899203</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225107/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43899203">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+%26+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=On+the+Number+of+Iranian+Turkophones&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=279-282&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573384X-20150306&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43899203%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Arakelova&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43899203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/?lang=en">Azerbaijan Republic | Population by ethnic groups</a> stat.gov.az </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian_Census-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_Census_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424113952/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls">"Итоги переписи"</a>. 2010 census. Russian Federation State Statistics Service. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls">the original</a> on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+census&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis-2010.ru%2Fresults_of_the_census%2Ftab5.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leeuw-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Leeuw_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Leeuw,_Charles2000" class="citation book cs1">van der Leeuw, Charles (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&pg=PA19">Azerbaijan: a quest for identity : a short history</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21903-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-21903-1"><bdi>978-0-312-21903-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320173346/http://books.google.com/books?id=sNoP1zphWf8C&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2015. 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National Statistics Office of Georgia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017. 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Statistics Estonia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000011/http://andmebaas.stat.ee/Index.aspx?lang=en&SubSessionId=860f7cac-3d26-4f21-be73-66fb9cbd4d52&themetreeid=7">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Census+of+2011&rft.pub=Statistics+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandmebaas.stat.ee%2FIndex.aspx%3Flang%3Den%26SubSessionId%3D860f7cac-3d26-4f21-be73-66fb9cbd4d52%26themetreeid%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> Select "Azerbaijani" under "Ethnic nationality". </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistics_Canada-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef/aar/2020-03-09">"2020-03-09"</a>. ssb.no. 9 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117201818/https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef/aar/2020-03-09">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssb.no&rft.atitle=2020-03-09&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Finnvbef%2Faar%2F2020-03-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-litstats-42"><a href="#cite_ref-litstats_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f">"Population by ethnicity in 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001 and 2011"</a>. Lithuanian Department of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313110843/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+ethnicity+in+1959%2C+1970%2C+1979%2C+1989%2C+2001+and+2011&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fdocuments%2F10180%2F217110%2FGyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf%2F1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2019/index.html">http://demo.istat.it/str2019/index.html</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_National_Institute_of_Statistics" title="Italian National Institute of Statistics">ISTAT</a> – Foreign resident population in 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson,_Lawrence_R._2002_210-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson,_Lawrence_R._2002_210_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robertson,_Lawrence_R._2002_210_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson,_Lawrence_R.2002" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Lawrence R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ye1oAAAAMAAJ">Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual</a>. Academic International Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87569-199-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87569-199-2"><bdi>978-0-87569-199-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320162646/http://books.google.com/books?id=ye1oAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+%26+Eurasia+Facts+%26+Figures+Annual&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Academic+International+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-87569-199-2&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Lawrence+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dye1oAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-golden-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-golden_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-golden_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-golden_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-golden_45-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden,_Peter_B.1992" class="citation book cs1">Golden, Peter B. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00gold">An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples</a>. Otto Harrasowitz. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00gold/page/n395">385</a>–386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2"><bdi>978-3-447-03274-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples&rft.pages=385-386&rft.pub=Otto+Harrasowitz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03274-2&rft.au=Golden%2C+Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohi00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Ismail Zardabli. Ethnic and political history of Azerbaijan. Rossendale Books. 2018. p.35 "... the ancestors of Azerbaijanis and Turkmens are the tribes that lived in these territories." </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCaggSilver1979" class="citation book cs1">MacCagg, William O.; Silver, Brian D. (10 May 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrWRAAAAIAAJ&q=azeri+turks">Soviet Asian ethnic frontiers</a>. Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-024637-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-024637-6"><bdi>978-0-08-024637-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225104/https://books.google.com/books?id=mrWRAAAAIAAJ&q=azeri+turks">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Asian+ethnic+frontiers&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1979-05-10&rft.isbn=978-0-08-024637-6&rft.aulast=MacCagg&rft.aufirst=William+O.&rft.au=Silver%2C+Brian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmrWRAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dazeri%2Bturks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinder1962" class="citation web cs1">Binder, Leonard (10 May 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ogp8AHZ3ZN4C&q=azeri+turks&pg=PA160">"Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society"</a>. University of California Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225124/https://books.google.com/books?id=ogp8AHZ3ZN4C&q=azeri+turks&pg=PA160">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+Political+Development+in+a+Changing+Society&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1962-05-10&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dogp8AHZ3ZN4C%26q%3Dazeri%2Bturks%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2008" class="citation book cs1">Hobbs, Joseph J. (13 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&q=azeri+turks&pg=PA200">World Regional Geography</a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-38950-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-38950-7"><bdi>978-0-495-38950-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225105/https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&q=azeri+turks&pg=PA200">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Regional+Geography&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.isbn=978-0-495-38950-7&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyAgGHnENHjoC%26q%3Dazeri%2Bturks%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf">"2014 General Population Census"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Office_of_Georgia" title="National Statistics Office of Georgia">National Statistics Office of Georgia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+General+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office+of+Georgia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeostat.ge%2Fcms%2Fsite_images%2F_files%2Fenglish%2Fpopulation%2FCensus_release_ENG_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarcave,_Sidney1968" class="citation book cs1">Harcave, Sidney (1968). Russia: A History: Sixth Edition. Lippincott. p. 267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+A+History%3A+Sixth+Edition&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Lippincott&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Harcave%2C+Sidney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojtahed-Zadeh,_Pirouz2007" class="citation book cs1">Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (2007). Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran: A Study of the Origin, Evolution, and Implications of the Boundaries of Modern Iran with Its 15 Neighbors in the Middle East by a Number of Renowned Experts in the Field. Universal. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-933-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58112-933-5"><bdi>978-1-58112-933-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boundary+Politics+and+International+Boundaries+of+Iran%3A+A+Study+of+the+Origin%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Implications+of+the+Boundaries+of+Modern+Iran+with+Its+15+Neighbors+in+the+Middle+East+by+a+Number+of+Renowned+Experts+in+the+Field&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Universal&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58112-933-5&rft.au=Mojtahed-Zadeh%2C+Pirouz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendering,_Jona" class="citation web cs1">Lendering, Jona. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/as-at/atropates/atropates.htm">"Atropates (Biography)"</a>. Livius.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901014335/http://www.livius.org/as-at/atropates/atropates.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atropates+%28Biography%29&rft.pub=Livius.org&rft.au=Lendering%2C+Jona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fas-at%2Fatropates%2Fatropates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamoux,_Francois2003" class="citation book cs1">Chamoux, Francois (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisticcivil00cham">Hellenistic Civilization</a>. Blackwell Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisticcivil00cham/page/n37">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22241-5"><bdi>978-0-631-22241-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+Civilization&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22241-5&rft.au=Chamoux%2C+Francois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhellenisticcivil00cham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth,_A._B.Baynham,_E._J.2002" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, A. B.; Baynham, E. J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexandergreatfa00bosw">Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction</a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexandergreatfa00bosw/page/n99">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815287-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815287-3"><bdi>978-0-19-815287-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+in+Fact+and+Fiction&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815287-3&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Baynham%2C+E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falexandergreatfa00bosw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtabaki,_Touraj2000" class="citation book cs1">Atabaki, Touraj (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MybbePBf9YcC&q=azeri">Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran</a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-554-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225105/https://books.google.com/books?id=MybbePBf9YcC&q=azeri">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+Ethnicity+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+in+Iran&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-554-9&rft.au=Atabaki%2C+Touraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMybbePBf9YcC%26q%3Dazeri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-altstadt-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-altstadt_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-altstadt_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltstadt,_Audrey_L.1992" class="citation book cs1">Altstadt, Audrey L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule. Hoover Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-9182-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-9182-1"><bdi>978-0-8179-9182-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Azerbaijani+Turks%3A+Power+and+Identity+under+Russian+Rule&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-9182-1&rft.au=Altstadt%2C+Audrey+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont198717–18-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont198717–18_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChaumont1987">Chaumont 1987</a>, pp. 17–18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pahlavi_Dictionary-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pahlavi_Dictionary_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pahlavi_Dictionary_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pahlavi_Dictionary_59-2">c</a> MacKenzie, D. (1971). A concise Pahlavi dictionary (p. 5, 8, 18). London: Oxford university press. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Planhol2004205–215-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Planhol2004205–215_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Planhol2004">de Planhol 2004</a>, pp. 205–215. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchippmann1987" class="citation web cs1">Schippmann, K. (15 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-iii">"Azerbaijan, Pre-Islamic History"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130322101247/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-iii">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan%2C+Pre-Islamic+History&rft.date=1987-12-15&rft.aulast=Schippmann&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Azerbaijan&allowed_in_frame=0">"Azerbaijan"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102543/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Azerbaijan&allowed_in_frame=0">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DAzerbaijan%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Aliyev, Igrar. (1958). History of Atropatene (تاريخ آتورپاتكان) (p. 93). </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEI.1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">EI. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-index">"AZERBAIJAN"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III: Ātaš–Bayhaqī, Ẓahīr-al-Dīn. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 205–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-121-5"><bdi>978-0-71009-121-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Volume+III%3A+%C4%80ta%C5%A1%E2%80%93Bayhaq%C4%AB%2C+%E1%BA%92ah%C4%ABr-al-D%C4%ABn&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=205-257&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-71009-121-5&rft.au=EI.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp,_GeoffreyStein,_Janice_Gross1995" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Geoffrey; Stein, Janice Gross (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powderkeginmiddl00geof">Powder Keg in the Middle East</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powderkeginmiddl00geof/page/214">214</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8075-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8075-7"><bdi>978-0-8476-8075-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powder+Keg+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-8075-7&rft.au=Kemp%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Stein%2C+Janice+Gross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowderkeginmiddl00geof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Tsutsiev, Arthur. "18. 1886–1890: An Ethnolinguistic Map of the Caucasus". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 48–50. "“Tatars” (or in rarer cases, “Azerbaijani Tatars”) to denote Turkic-speaking Transcaucasian populations that would later be called “Azerbaijanis”" </li> <li id="cite_note-Yilmaz2013-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yilmaz2013_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yilmaz2013_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yilmaz, Harun (2013). "The Soviet Union and the Construction of Azerbaijani National Identity in the 1930s". Iranian Studies. 46 (4): 513. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2013.784521">10.1080/00210862.2013.784521</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0862">0021-0862</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144322861">144322861</a>. <q>The official records of the Russian Empire and various published sources from the pre-1917 period also called them "Tatar" or "Caucasian Tatars," "Azerbaijani Tatars" and even "Persian Tatars" in order to differentiate them from the other "Tatars" of the empire and the Persian speakers of Iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Union+and+the+Construction+of+Azerbaijani+National+Identity+in+the+1930s&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=513&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144322861%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0021-0862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2013.784521&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Harun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205042823/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0187/perep04.php"><bdi lang="ru">Алфавитный список народов, обитающих в Российской Империи</bdi></a> (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0187/perep04.php">the original</a> on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Demoscope+Weekly&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2F2005%2F0187%2Fperep04.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/103/103729.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Тюрки</bdi></a>. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1890–1907. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113221158/http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/103/103729.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brockhaus+and+Efron+Encyclopedic+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=1890%2F1907&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgatchina3000.ru%2Fbrockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary%2F103%2F103729.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/103/103731.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Тюрко-татары</bdi></a>. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1890–1907. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113223602/http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/103/103731.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brockhaus+and+Efron+Encyclopedic+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=1890%2F1907&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgatchina3000.ru%2Fbrockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary%2F103%2F103731.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeniker1900" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Deniker, Joseph (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbqRt-A13P8C&pg=PA349">Races et peuples de la terre</a> (in French). Paris, France: Schleicher frères. p. 349. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321183728/https://books.google.com/books?id=rbqRt-A13P8C&pg=PA349">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2016. <q>Ce groupement ne coïncide pas non-plus avec le groupement somatologique : ainsi, les Aderbaïdjani du Caucase et de la Perse, parlant une langue turque, ont le mème type physique que les Persans-Hadjemi, parlant une langue iranienne.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Races+et+peuples+de+la+terre&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=Schleicher+fr%C3%A8res&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Deniker&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrbqRt-A13P8C%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostashari,_Firouzeh2006" class="citation book cs1">Mostashari, Firouzeh (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RBNDaEFGJrsC">On the Religious Frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus</a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-771-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-771-0"><bdi>978-1-85043-771-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522082022/https://books.google.com/books?id=RBNDaEFGJrsC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Religious+Frontier%3A+Tsarist+Russia+and+Islam+in+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-771-0&rft.au=Mostashari%2C+Firouzeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRBNDaEFGJrsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Tsutsiev, Arthur. "Appendix 3: Ethnic Composition of the Caucasus: Historical Population Statistics". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, p. 192 (note 150). </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsutsiev-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tsutsiev_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsutsiev_74-1">b</a> Tsutsiev, Arthur. "31. 1926: An Ethnic Map Reflecting the First Soviet Census". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Tsutsiev, Arthur. "26. 1920: The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Soviet Russia". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 71–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Tsutsiev, Arthur. "32. 1926: Using the Census to Identify Russians and Ukrainians". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 87–90 </li> <li id="cite_note-iranicaonline.org-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iranicaonline.org_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iranicaonline.org_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"AZERBAIJAN". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-index">Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2–3</a>. 1987. pp. 205–257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=205-257&rft.date=1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurkiev1979190-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurkiev1979190_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurkiev1979">Kurkiev 1979</a>, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhriev1975203-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhriev1975203_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAkhriev1975">Akhriev 1975</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-yarshater-81"><a href="#cite_ref-yarshater_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarshater,_E2011" class="citation web cs1">Yarshater, E (18 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vii">"The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131081642/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vii">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Iranian+Language+of+Azerbaijan&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft.au=Yarshater%2C+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-vii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth,_C._E.2011" class="citation web cs1">Bosworth, C. E. (12 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arran-a-region">"Arran"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727092744/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arran-a-region">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arran&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Farran-a-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy-83"><a href="#cite_ref-roy_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy,_Olivier2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Roy_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivier Roy (professor)">Roy, Olivier</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-eMcn6Ik1v0C&pg=PA7">The new Central Asia</a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4"><bdi>978-1-84511-552-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803141204/https://books.google.com/books?id=-eMcn6Ik1v0C&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020. <q>The mass of the Oghuz who crossed the Amu Darya towards the west left the Iranian plateau, which remained Persian, and established themselves more to the west, in Anatolia. Here they divided into Ottomans, who were Sunni and settled, and Turkmens, who were nomads and in part Shiite (or, rather, Alevi). The latter was to keep the name 'Turkmen' for a long time: from the 13th century onwards they 'Turkified' the Iranian populations of Azerbaijan (who spoke west Iranian languages such as Tat, which is still found in residual forms), thus creating a new identity based on Shiism and the use of Turkish. These are the people today known as Azeris.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Central+Asia&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-552-4&rft.au=Roy%2C+Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-eMcn6Ik1v0C%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoene,_Frederik2010" class="citation book cs1">Coene, Frederik (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasusintroduc00coen">The Caucasus: An Introduction</a>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasusintroduc00coen/page/n113">97</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48660-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48660-6"><bdi>978-0-415-48660-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caucasus%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-48660-6&rft.au=Coene%2C+Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaucasusintroduc00coen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TsoJhzc426cC&q=Early+Iranian+settlements+included+the+Scythians+in+the+ninth+century+BC&pg=PA586">"Countries and Territories of the World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225107/https://books.google.com/books?id=TsoJhzc426cC&q=Early+Iranian+settlements+included+the+Scythians+in+the+ninth+century+BC&pg=PA586">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+and+Territories+of+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTsoJhzc426cC%26q%3DEarly%2BIranian%2Bsettlements%2Bincluded%2Bthe%2BScythians%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bninth%2Bcentury%2BBC%26pg%3DPA586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+am0014)">"Armenia-Ancient Period"</a>. Federal Research Division Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507140626/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+am0014%29">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armenia-Ancient+Period&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bam0014%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaumont,_M._L.2011" class="citation web cs1">Chaumont, M. L. (29 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/albania-iranian-aran-arm">"Albania"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526212016/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/albania-iranian-aran-arm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albania&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2011-07-29&rft.au=Chaumont%2C+M.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Falbania-iranian-aran-arm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexidze,_Zaza2002" class="citation journal cs1">Alexidze, Zaza (Summer 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_photos/102_heyerdahl_alexidze.html">"Voices of the Ancients: Heyerdahl Intrigued by Rare Caucasus Albanian Text"</a>. Azerbaijan International. 10 (2): 26–27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004044141/http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_photos/102_heyerdahl_alexidze.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+International&rft.atitle=Voices+of+the+Ancients%3A+Heyerdahl+Intrigued+by+Rare+Caucasus+Albanian+Text&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=26-27&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Alexidze%2C+Zaza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azer.com%2Faiweb%2Fcategories%2Fmagazine%2Fai102_folder%2F102_photos%2F102_heyerdahl_alexidze.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213113547/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/beginnings/sassanid.html">"Sassanid Empire"</a>. The Islamic World to 1600. University of Calgary. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/beginnings/sassanid.html">the original</a> on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Islamic+World+to+1600&rft.atitle=Sassanid+Empire&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Fislam%2Fbeginnings%2Fsassanid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lapidus-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lapidus_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lapidus_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lapidus_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus,_Ira1988" class="citation book cs1">Lapidus, Ira (1988). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77933-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-77933-3"><bdi>978-0-521-77933-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77933-3&rft.au=Lapidus%2C+Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy,_Hugh1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prophetagecaliph00kenn">The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates</a>. Longman. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prophetagecaliph00kenn/page/n182">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7"><bdi>978-0-582-40525-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet+and+the+Age+of+the+Caliphates&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-582-40525-7&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprophetagecaliph00kenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427202257/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/safavid/">"The Safavid Empire"</a>. University of Calgary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/safavid/">the original</a> on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 8 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Safavid+Empire&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Fislam%2Fempires%2Fsafavid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sammis-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sammis_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sammis_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammis,_Kathy2002" class="citation book cs1">Sammis, Kathy (2002). Focus on World History: The First Global Age and the Age of Revolution. J. Weston Walch. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8251-4370-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8251-4370-0"><bdi>978-0-8251-4370-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Focus+on+World+History%3A+The+First+Global+Age+and+the+Age+of+Revolution&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=J.+Weston+Walch&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8251-4370-0&rft.au=Sammis%2C+Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasimov2022" class="citation journal cs1">Gasimov, Zaur (2022). "Observing Iran from Baku: Iranian Studies in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 55 (1): 38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1865136">10.1080/00210862.2020.1865136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233889871">233889871</a>. <q>The preoccupation with Iranian culture, literature, and language was widespread among Baku-, Ganja-, and Tiflis-based Shia as well as Sunni intellectuals, and it never ceased throughout the nineteenth century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Observing+Iran+from+Baku%3A+Iranian+Studies+in+Soviet+and+Post-Soviet+Azerbaijan&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1865136&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233889871%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gasimov&rft.aufirst=Zaur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gasimov1-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gasimov1_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gasimov1_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasimov2022" class="citation journal cs1">Gasimov, Zaur (2022). "Observing Iran from Baku: Iranian Studies in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 55 (1): 37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1865136">10.1080/00210862.2020.1865136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233889871">233889871</a>. <q>Azerbaijani national identity emerged in post-Persian Russian-ruled East Caucasia at the end of the nineteenth century, and was finally forged during the early Soviet period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Observing+Iran+from+Baku%3A+Iranian+Studies+in+Soviet+and+Post-Soviet+Azerbaijan&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2020.1865136&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233889871%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gasimov&rft.aufirst=Zaur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishku2022" class="citation journal cs1">Bishku, Michael B. (2022). "The Status and Limits to Aspirations of Minorities in the South Caucasus States". Contemporary Review of the Middle East. 9 (4): 414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F23477989221115917">10.1177/23477989221115917</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251777404">251777404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Review+of+the+Middle+East&rft.atitle=The+Status+and+Limits+to+Aspirations+of+Minorities+in+the+South+Caucasus+States&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=414&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F23477989221115917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251777404%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bishku&rft.aufirst=Michael+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroers2019" class="citation book cs1">Broers, Laurence (2019). Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of a Rivalry. Edinburgh University Press. p. 326 (note 9). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-5052-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-5052-2"><bdi>978-1-4744-5052-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Azerbaijan%3A+Anatomy+of+a+Rivalry&rft.pages=326+%28note+9%29&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4744-5052-2&rft.aulast=Broers&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPourjavady2023" class="citation book cs1">Pourjavady, R. (2023). "Introduction: Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in the 19th century". In Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (eds.). Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 20. Iran, Afghanistan and the Caucasus (1800-1914). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Iran%2C+Afghanistan%2C+Armenia%2C+Azerbaijan+and+Georgia+in+the+19th+century&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History+Volume+20.+Iran%2C+Afghanistan+and+the+Caucasus+%281800-1914%29&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Pourjavady&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика (1918―1920). Законодательные акты. (Сборник документов). — Баку, 1998, С.188 </li> <li id="cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_100-1">b</a> Russia and a Divided Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition, by Tadeusz Świętochowski, Columbia University Press, 1995, p. 66 </li> <li id="cite_note-smithmusavat-101"><a href="#cite_ref-smithmusavat_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Michael (April 2001). "Anatomy of Rumor: Murder Scandal, the Musavat Party and Narrative of the Russian Revolution in Baku, 1917–1920". Journal of Contemporary History. 36 (2): 228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200940103600202">10.1177/002200940103600202</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159744435">159744435</a>. <q>The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Several hundreds of its members were killed in the fighting; up to 12,000 Muslim civilians perished; thousands of others fled Baku in a mass exodus</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+Rumor%3A+Murder+Scandal%2C+the+Musavat+Party+and+Narrative+of+the+Russian+Revolution+in+Baku%2C+1917%E2%80%931920&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=228&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200940103600202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159744435%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Smith" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Michael Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm">"Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory"</a>. Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) (in Russian). Sakharov Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401031542/http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaidzhan+i+Rossiia%3A+obshchestva+i+gosudarstva+%28Azerbaijan+and+Russia%3A+Societies+and+States%29&rft.atitle=Pamiat%27+ob+utratakh+i+Azerbaidzhanskoe+obshchestvo%2FTraumatic+Loss+and+Azerbaijani.+National+Memory&rft.au=Michael+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.sakharov-center.ru%2Fpublications%2Fazrus%2Faz_004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtabaki2006" class="citation book cs1">Atabaki, Touraj (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M3adD9kNH1gC&pg=PA132">Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers'</a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-964-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-964-6"><bdi>978-1-86064-964-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321184000/https://books.google.com/books?id=M3adD9kNH1gC&pg=PA132">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+and+the+First+World+War%3A+Battleground+of+the+Great+Powers%27&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-964-6&rft.aulast=Atabaki&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM3adD9kNH1gC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledgeb-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Routledgeb_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2015" class="citation book cs1">Yilmaz, Harun (2015). National Identities in Soviet Historiography: The Rise of Nations Under Stalin. Routledge. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59664-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59664-6"><bdi>978-1-317-59664-6</bdi></a>. <q>On May 27, the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (DRA) was declared with Ottoman military support. The rulers of the DRA refused to identify themselves as [Transcaucasian] Tatar, which they rightfully considered to be a Russian colonial definition. (...) Neighboring Iran did not welcome the DRA's adoption of the name of "Azerbaijan" for the country because it could also refer to Iranian Azerbaijan and implied a territorial claim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Identities+in+Soviet+Historiography%3A+The+Rise+of+Nations+Under+Stalin&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-59664-6&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Harun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sochineniya,_vol_II/1b-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Sochineniya,_vol_II/1b_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarthold1963" class="citation book cs1">Barthold, Vasily (1963). Sochineniya, vol II/1. Moscow. p. 706. <q>(...) whenever it is necessary to choose a name that will encompass all regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, name <a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a> can be chosen. But the term Azerbaijan was chosen because when the Azerbaijan republic was created, it was assumed that this and the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Persian Azerbaijan</a> will be one entity because the population of both has a big similarity. On this basis, the word Azerbaijan was chosen. Of course right now when the word Azerbaijan is used, it has two meanings as Persian Azerbaijan and as a republic, its confusing and a question arises as to which Azerbaijan is talked about.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sochineniya%2C+vol+II%2F1&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=706&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Barthold&rft.aufirst=Vasily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-I.B.Tauris-106"><a href="#cite_ref-I.B.Tauris_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtabaki2000" class="citation book cs1">Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-554-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+Ethnicity+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+in+Iran&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-554-9&rft.aulast=Atabaki&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Pressb-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Pressb_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezvani2014" class="citation book cs1">Rezvani, Babak (2014). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-485-1928-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-485-1928-6"><bdi>978-90-485-1928-6</bdi></a>. <q>The region to the north of the river Araxes was not called Azerbaijan prior to 1918, unlike the region in northwestern Iran that has been called since so long ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethno-territorial+conflict+and+coexistence+in+the+Caucasus%2C+Central+Asia+and+Fereydan%3A+academisch+proefschrift&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-90-485-1928-6&rft.aulast=Rezvani&rft.aufirst=Babak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kazemzadeh-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kazemzadeh_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kazemzadeh_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kazemzadeh_108-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazemzadeh1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Firuz_Kazemzadeh" title="Firuz Kazemzadeh">Kazemzadeh, Firuz</a> (1951). The Struggle for Transcaucasia: 1917–1921. The New York Philosophical Library. pp. 124, 222, 229, 269–270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8305-0076-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8305-0076-5"><bdi>978-0-8305-0076-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Transcaucasia%3A+1917%E2%80%931921&rft.pages=124%2C+222%2C+229%2C+269-270&rft.pub=The+New+York+Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=978-0-8305-0076-5&rft.aulast=Kazemzadeh&rft.aufirst=Firuz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulze2000" class="citation book cs1">Schulze, Reinhard (2000). A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-822-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-822-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-822-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Modern+History+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-822-9&rft.aulast=Schulze&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFГорянин2003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Горянин, Александр (28 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalrus.ru/print_this/134413/"><bdi lang="ru">Очень черное золото</bdi></a> (in Russian). GlobalRus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030906163920/http://www.globalrus.ru/print_this/134413/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2003. Retrieved 28 August 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE&rft.pub=GlobalRus&rft.date=2003-08-28&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalrus.ru%2Fprint_this%2F134413%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFГорянин" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Горянин, Александр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.window2baku.com/001history_3.htm"><bdi lang="ru">История города Баку. Часть 3.</bdi></a> (in Russian). Window2Baku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321183819/http://www.window2baku.com/001history_3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83.+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+3.&rft.pub=Window2Baku&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.window2baku.com%2F001history_3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope2006" class="citation book cs1">Pope, Hugh (2006). Sons of the conquerors: the rise of the Turkic world. New York: The Overlook Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-804-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-804-4"><bdi>978-1-58567-804-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sons+of+the+conquerors%3A+the+rise+of+the+Turkic+world&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=New+York%3A+The+Overlook+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58567-804-4&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nichol-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nichol_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nichol_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nichol_113-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichol,_James1995" class="citation book cs1">Nichol, James (1995). "Azerbaijan". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B2W1YOG3N10C&pg=PA105">Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia</a>. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0848-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0848-4"><bdi>978-0-8444-0848-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320164609/http://books.google.com/books?id=B2W1YOG3N10C&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan&rft.btitle=Armenia%2C+Azerbaijan%2C+and+Georgia&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-0848-4&rft.au=Nichol%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB2W1YOG3N10C%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaider2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haider, Hans (2 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/welt-europa/weltpolitik/513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html">"Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War""</a>. Wiener Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 18 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiener+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Gef%C3%A4hrliche+T%C3%B6ne+im+%22Frozen+War%22&rft.date=2013-01-02&rft.aulast=Haider&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wienerzeitung.at%2Fnachrichten%2Fwelt-europa%2Fweltpolitik%2F513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201201185921/https://azertag.az/xeber/Isgaldan_azad_edilmis_seher_ve_kendlerimiz-1622227">"İşğaldan azad edilmiş şəhər və kəndlərimiz"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_State_News_Agency" title="Azerbaijan State News Agency">Azerbaijan State News Agency</a> (in Azerbaijani). 1 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azertag.az/xeber/Isgaldan_azad_edilmis_seher_ve_kendlerimiz-1622227">the original</a> on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+State+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%C4%B0%C5%9F%C4%9Faldan+azad+edilmi%C5%9F+%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r+v%C9%99+k%C9%99ndl%C9%99rimiz&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazertag.az%2Fxeber%2FIsgaldan_azad_edilmis_seher_ve_kendlerimiz-1622227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384">"Statement by President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kremlin.ru" title="Kremlin.ru">Kremlin.ru</a>. 10 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Statement+by+President+of+the+Republic+of+Azerbaijan%2C+Prime+Minister+of+the+Republic+of+Armenia+and+President+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fnews%2F64384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPistor-Hatam,_Anja2009" class="citation web cs1">Pistor-Hatam, Anja (20 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sattar-khan-one-of-the-most-popular-heroes-from-tabriz-who-defended-the-town-during-the-lesser-autocracy-in-1908-09">"Sattār Khan"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117091146/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sattar-khan-one-of-the-most-popular-heroes-from-tabriz-who-defended-the-town-during-the-lesser-autocracy-in-1908-09">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Satt%C4%81r+Khan&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft.au=Pistor-Hatam%2C+Anja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsattar-khan-one-of-the-most-popular-heroes-from-tabriz-who-defended-the-town-during-the-lesser-autocracy-in-1908-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwietochowski,_Tadeusz1995" class="citation book cs1">Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1995). Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07068-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07068-3"><bdi>978-0-231-07068-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+Azerbaijan%3A+A+Borderland+in+Transition&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07068-3&rft.au=Swietochowski%2C+Tadeusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess,_Gary._R.1974" class="citation journal cs1">Hess, Gary. R. (March 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azargoshnasp.net/recent_history/atoor/theiraniancriris194546.pdf">"The Iranian Crisis of 1945–46 and the Cold War"</a> (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 89 (1): 117–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2148118">10.2307/2148118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2148118">2148118</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090325231811/http://www.azargoshnasp.net/recent_history/atoor/theiraniancriris194546.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Iranian+Crisis+of+1945%E2%80%9346+and+the+Cold+War&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-146&rft.date=1974-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2148118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2148118%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hess%2C+Gary.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azargoshnasp.net%2Frecent_history%2Fatoor%2Ftheiraniancriris194546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Turkic Peoples". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 27. Grolier. 1998. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0130-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0130-3"><bdi>978-0-7172-0130-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkic+Peoples&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Grolier&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0130-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matveeva_2002-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Matveeva_2002_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Matveeva2002" class="citation report cs1">Anna Matveeva (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/469cbfd90.pdf">The South Caucasus:Nationalism, Conflict and Minorities</a> (PDF) (Report). Minority Rights Group International. Retrieved 11 March 2021. <q>The ethnic origins of the Azeris are unclear. The prevailing view is that Azeris are a Turkic people, but there is also a claim that Azeris are Turkicized Caucasians or, as the Iranian official history claims, Turkicized Aryans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+South+Caucasus%3ANationalism%2C+Conflict+and+Minorities&rft.pub=Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Anna+Matveeva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fpdfid%2F469cbfd90.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobishchanov,_Yuri_M.1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Kobishchanov" title="Yuri Kobishchanov">Kobishchanov, Yuri M.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K4RyAAAAMAAJ&q=azerbaidjanians">Axum</a>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00531-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00531-7"><bdi>978-0-271-00531-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225202/https://books.google.com/books?id=K4RyAAAAMAAJ&q=azerbaidjanians">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Axum&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-271-00531-7&rft.au=Kobishchanov%2C+Yuri+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK4RyAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dazerbaidjanians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Roy, Olivier (2007). The new Central Asia. I.B. Tauris. p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4">978-1-84511-552-4</a>. "The mass of the Oghuz who crossed the Amu Darya towards the west left the Iranian plateaux, which remained Persian, and established themselves more to the west, in Anatolia. Here they divided into Ottomans, who were Sunni and settled, and Turkmens, who were nomads and in part Shiite (or, rather, Alevi). The latter was to keep the name 'Turkmen' for a long time: from the 13th century onwards they 'Turkified' the Iranian populations of Azerbaijan (who spoke west Iranian languages such as Tat, which is still found in residual forms), thus creating a new identity based on Shiism and the use of Turkish. These are the people today known as Azeris." </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Frye, R. N. (15 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">"IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRAN+v.+PEOPLES+OF+IRAN+%281%29+A+General+Survey&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-v1-peoples-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suny-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Suny_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuny,_Ronald_G.1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald G.</a> (July–August 1988). "What Happened in Soviet Armenia?". Middle East Report (153, Islam and the State): 37–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3012134">10.2307/3012134</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012134">3012134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=What+Happened+in+Soviet+Armenia%3F&rft.issue=153%2C+Islam+and+the+State&rft.pages=37-40&rft.date=1988-07%2F1988-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3012134&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3012134%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Suny%2C+Ronald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> "The Albanians in the eastern plain leading down to the Caspian Sea mixed with the Turkish population and eventually became Muslims." "...while the eastern Transcaucasian countryside was home to a very large Turkic-speaking Muslim population. The Russians referred to them as Tartars, but we now consider them Azerbaijanis, a distinct people with their own language and culture." </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornell_2015-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Cornell_2015_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvante_E._Cornell2015" class="citation book cs1">Svante E. Cornell (20 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TaZzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">Azerbaijan Since Independence</a>. Routledge. pp. 5–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47621-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47621-4"><bdi>978-1-317-47621-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517094253/https://books.google.com/books?id=TaZzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan+Since+Independence&rft.pages=5-7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47621-4&rft.au=Svante+E.+Cornell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTaZzCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> "If native Caucasian, Iranian, and Turkic populations – among others – dominated Azerbaijan from the fourth century CE onwards, the Turkic element would grow increasingly dominant in linguistic terms,5 while the Persian element retained strong cultural and religious influence." "Following the Seljuk great power period, the Turkic element in Azerbaijan was further strengthened by migrations during the Mongol onslaught of the thirteenth century and the subsequent domination by the Turkmen Qaraqoyunlu and Aq-qoyunlu dynasties." </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky,_V." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Minorsky, V. "Azarbaijan". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azarbaijan&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.au=Minorsky%2C+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Iranian languages. Windfuhr, Gernot. London: Routledge. 2009. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4"><bdi>978-0-7007-1131-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/312730458">312730458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iranian+languages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F312730458&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1131-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-LANDS_OF_IRAN-129"><a href="#cite_ref-LANDS_OF_IRAN_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanhol" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Planhol, Xavier de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-i-lands-of-iran">"IRAN i. LANDS OF IRAN"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. pp. 204–212. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517050350/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-i-lands-of-iran">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRAN+i.+LANDS+OF+IRAN&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=204-212&rft.aulast=Planhol&rft.aufirst=Xavier+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-i-lands-of-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peoples_survey-130"><a href="#cite_ref-peoples_survey_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Frye, R. N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">"IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. pp. 321–326. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517075943/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRAN+v.+PEOPLES+OF+IRAN+%281%29+A+General+Survey&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pages=321-326&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-v1-peoples-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Minorsky, V. "Azerbaijan". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; Donzel, E. van; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pub=Brill&rft.aulast=Minorsky&rft.aufirst=V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy2-132"><a href="#cite_ref-roy2_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy,_Olivier2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Roy_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivier Roy (professor)">Roy, Olivier</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-eMcn6Ik1v0C&pg=PA7">The new Central Asia</a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-552-4"><bdi>978-1-84511-552-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803141204/https://books.google.com/books?id=-eMcn6Ik1v0C&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020. <q>The mass of the Oghuz who crossed the Amu Darya towards the west left the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a>, which remained Persian, and established themselves more to the west, in Anatolia. Here they divided into Ottomans, who were Sunni and settled, and Turkmens, who were nomads and in part Shiite (or, rather, Alevi). The latter were to keep the name 'Turkmen' for a long time: from the 13th century onwards they 'Turkised' the Iranian populations of Azerbaijan (who spoke west Iranian languages such as Tat, which is still found in residual forms), thus creating a new identity based on Shiism and the use of Turkish. These are the people today known as Azeris.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Central+Asia&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-552-4&rft.au=Roy%2C+Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-eMcn6Ik1v0C%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarshater1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Yarshater, Ehsan (15 December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vii">"AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131081642/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vii">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN+vii.+The+Iranian+Language+of+Azerbaijan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft.aulast=Yarshater&rft.aufirst=Ehsan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-vii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSourdel1959" class="citation journal cs1">Sourdel, D. (1959). "V. MINORSKY, A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th–11th centuries, 1 vol. in-8°, 187 p. et 32 p. (texte arabe), Cambridge (Heffer and Sons), 1958". Arabica. 6 (3): 326–327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157005859x00208">10.1163/157005859x00208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0570-5398">0570-5398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arabica&rft.atitle=V.+MINORSKY%2C+A+History+of+Sharvan+and+Darband+in+the+10th%E2%80%9311th+centuries%2C+1+vol.+in-8%C2%B0%2C+187+p.+et+32+p.+%28texte+arabe%29%2C+Cambridge+%28Heffer+and+Sons%29%2C+1958&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=326-327&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157005859x00208&rft.issn=0570-5398&rft.aulast=Sourdel&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Istorii︠a︡ Vostoka : v shesti tomakh. Rybakov, R. B., Kapit︠s︡a, Mikhail Stepanovich., Рыбаков, Р. Б., Капица, Михаил Степанович., Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk), Институт востоковедения (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Moskva: Izdatelʹskai︠a︡ firma "Vostochnai︠a︡ lit-ra" RAN. 1995–2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-02-018102-1" title="Special:BookSources/5-02-018102-1"><bdi>5-02-018102-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38520460">38520460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorii%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+Vostoka+%3A+v+shesti+tomakh&rft.place=Moskva&rft.pub=Izdatel%CA%B9skai%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+firma+%22Vostochnai%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+lit-ra%22+RAN&rft.date=1995%2F2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38520460&rft.isbn=5-02-018102-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitenberg1984" class="citation journal cs1">Weitenberg, J.J.S. (1984). "Thomas J. SAMUELIAN (ed.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity. Proceedings of the first Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian culture (University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies 4), Scholars Press, Chico, CA 1982, xii and 233 pp., paper $ 15,75 (members $ 10,50), cloth $ 23,50 (members $ 15,75)". Journal for the Study of Judaism. 15 (1–2): 198–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157006384x00411">10.1163/157006384x00411</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2212">0047-2212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Judaism&rft.atitle=Thomas+J.+SAMUELIAN+%28ed.%29%2C+Classical+Armenian+Culture.+Influences+and+Creativity.+Proceedings+of+the+first+Dr.+H.+Markarian+Conference+on+Armenian+culture+%28University+of+Pennsylvania+Armenian+Texts+and+Studies+4%29%2C+Scholars+Press%2C+Chico%2C+CA+1982%2C+xii+and+233+pp.%2C+paper+%24+15%2C75+%28members+%24+10%2C50%29%2C+cloth+%24+23%2C50+%28members+%24+15%2C75%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=198-199&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157006384x00411&rft.issn=0047-2212&rft.aulast=Weitenberg&rft.aufirst=J.J.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunyStork1988" class="citation journal cs1">Suny, Ronald G.; Stork, Joe (July 1988). "Ronald G. Suny: What Happened in Soviet Armenia?". Middle East Report (153): 37–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3012134">10.2307/3012134</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-2851">0899-2851</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012134">3012134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=Ronald+G.+Suny%3A+What+Happened+in+Soviet+Armenia%3F&rft.issue=153&rft.pages=37-40&rft.date=1988-07&rft.issn=0899-2851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3012134%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3012134&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rft.au=Stork%2C+Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> David Blow. Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. p. 165. "The primary court language remained Turkish. But it was not the Turkish of Istambul. It was a Turkish dialect, the dialect of the Qizilbash Turkomans..." </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Mas'udi1894" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Al Mas'udi (1894). De Goeje, M.J. (ed.). Kitab al-Tanbih wa-l-Ishraf (in Arabic). Brill. pp. 77–78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kitab+al-Tanbih+wa-l-Ishraf&rft.pages=77-78&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Al+Mas%27udi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> Arabic text: "قد قدمنا فيما سلف من كتبنا ما قاله الناس في بدء النسل، وتفرقهم على وجه الأرض، وما ذهب إليه كل فريق منهم في ذلك من الشرعيين وغيرهم ممن قال بحدوث العالم وأبى الانقياد إلى الشرائع من البراهمة وغيرهم، وما قاله أصحاب القدم في ذلك من الهند والفلاسفة وأصحاب الاثنين من المانوية وغيرهم على تباينهم في ذلك، فلنذكر الآن الأمم السبع ذهب من عني بأخبار سوالف الأمم ومساكنهم إلى أن أجل الأمم وعظماءهم كانوا في سوالف الدهر سبعاً يتميزون بثلاثة أشياء: بشيمهم الطبيعية، وخلقهم الطبيعية، وألسنتهم فالفرس أمة حد بلادها الجبال من الماهات وغيرها وآذربيجان إلى ما يلي بلاد أرمينية وأران والبيلقان إلى دربند وهو الباب والأبواب والري وطبرستن والمسقط والشابران وجرجان وابرشهر، وهي نيسابور، وهراة ومرو وغير ذلك من بلاد خراسان وسجستان وكرمان وفارس والأهواز، وما اتصل بذلك من أرض الأعاجم في هذا الوقت وكل هذه البلاد كانت مملكة واحدة ملكها ملك واحد ولسانها واحد، إلا أنهم كانوا يتباينون في شيء يسير من اللغات." </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060430091558/http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/FireTemple.htm">"Various Zoroastrian Fire-Temples"</a>. University of Calgary. 1 February 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/FireTemple.htm">the original</a> on 30 April 2006. Retrieved 8 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Various+Zoroastrian+Fire-Temples&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iras.ucalgary.ca%2F~volk%2Fsylvia%2FFireTemple.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeukjian2012" class="citation book cs1">Geukjian, Ohannes (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZLxt6LsgKUC&q=Zoroastrianism+in+Azerbaijan&pg=PA26">Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus</a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-3630-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-3630-0"><bdi>978-1-4094-3630-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204225106/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZLxt6LsgKUC&q=Zoroastrianism+in+Azerbaijan&pg=PA26">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity%2C+Nationalism+and+Conflict+in+the+South+Caucasus&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-3630-0&rft.aulast=Geukjian&rft.aufirst=Ohannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ZLxt6LsgKUC%26q%3DZoroastrianism%2Bin%2BAzerbaijan%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuny1996" class="citation book cs1">Suny, Ronald G. (April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B2W1YOG3N10C">Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia</a>. DIANE Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B2W1YOG3N10C/page/n158">106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-2813-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7881-2813-4"><bdi>978-0-7881-2813-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia%2C+Azerbaijan%2C+and+Georgia&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=1996-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7881-2813-4&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_B2W1YOG3N10C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye,_R._N.2004" class="citation web cs1">Frye, R. N. (15 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">"Peoples of Iran"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517075943/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Iran&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.au=Frye%2C+R.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-v1-peoples-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-144"><a href="#cite_ref-eb_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46833/Azerbaijani">"Azerbaijani (people)"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093258/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46833/Azerbaijani">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. 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Retrieved 1 September 2012. <q>16% of 70 million [14.5 million]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Iran&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FIran.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tft-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tft_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tft_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerror_Free_Tomorrow2009" class="citation web cs1">Terror Free Tomorrow (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">"Results of a New Nationwide Public Opinion Survey of Iran before the June 12, 2009 Presidential Elections"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/New_America_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="New America Foundation">New America Foundation</a>. 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Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087775-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087775-4"><bdi>978-0-08-087775-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111226082343/http://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2011. 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United Nations. 2001. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-151351-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-151351-6"><bdi>978-92-1-151351-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160723002946/https://books.google.com/books?id=3LALpdV0DPoC&pg=PA41">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2016. 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Psychology Press. 13 December 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0380-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0380-7"><bdi>978-0-7007-0380-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121045243/https://books.google.com/books?id=vn-xZ3O1G-cC&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2017. 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Infobase Publishing, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4381-1913-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4381-1913-5">1-4381-1913-5</a>; p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216124122/http://www.azerbembassy.org.cn/eng/culture.html">"Azerbaijan: Culture and Art"</a>. Embassy of the Azerbaijan Republic in the People's Republic of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azerbembassy.org.cn/eng/culture.html">the original</a> on 16 February 2012. 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Retrieved 11 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avaz&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Persian+Student+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fpsa%2Fevents%2F1998-99%2Favaz%2Fabout.utf8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry,_John_R.2011" class="citation book cs1">Perry, John R. (2011). "Cultural currents in the Turco-Persian world of Safavid and post-Safavid times". In Mitchell, Colin P. (ed.). New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society. Taylor & Francis. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-85463-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-85463-1"><bdi>978-0-203-85463-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cultural+currents+in+the+Turco-Persian+world+of+Safavid+and+post-Safavid+times&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Safavid+Iran%3A+Empire+and+Society&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-203-85463-1&rft.au=Perry%2C+John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/54_folder/54_articles/54_alizadeh.html">"Hossein Alizadeh Personal Reflections on Playing Tar"</a>. Azerbaijan International. Winter 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303162351/http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/54_folder/54_articles/54_alizadeh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+International&rft.atitle=Hossein+Alizadeh+Personal+Reflections+on+Playing+Tar&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azer.com%2Faiweb%2Fcategories%2Fmagazine%2F54_folder%2F54_articles%2F54_alizadeh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sport-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sport_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sport_228-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110625053745/http://www.azerbaijan.az/portal/Society/Sport/sport_e.html">"Sport History in Azerbaijan"</a>. Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azerbaijan.az/portal/Society/Sport/sport_e.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sport+History+in+Azerbaijan&rft.pub=Heydar+Aliyev+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazerbaijan.az%2Fportal%2FSociety%2FSport%2Fsport_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MinistrySports-229"><a href="#cite_ref-MinistrySports_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeck,_Laurel1996" class="citation web cs1">Deck, Laurel (Winter 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/44_folder/44_articles/44_sports.html">"The Ministry of Youth and Sports"</a>. Azerbaijan International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060508022556/http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/44_folder/44_articles/44_sports.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijan+International&rft.atitle=The+Ministry+of+Youth+and+Sports&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Deck%2C+Laurel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azer.com%2Faiweb%2Fcategories%2Fmagazine%2F44_folder%2F44_articles%2F44_sports.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8706021402">"هادي ساعي مدال خود را تقديم به مردم آذربايجان كرد"</a>. 23 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230134745/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8706021402">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF&rft.date=2008-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D8706021402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217104040/http://www.azembassy.it/browse.php?lang=eng&page=0005">"Tourism and sport"</a>. Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Italy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azembassy.it/browse.php?lang=eng&page=0005">the original</a> on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+sport&rft.pub=Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Azerbaijan+in+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azembassy.it%2Fbrowse.php%3Flang%3Deng%26page%3D0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhriev1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_Akhriev" title="Nureddin Akhriev">Akhriev, N. G.</a> (1975). "Исконные имена чеченцев и ингушей" [Original names of Chechens and Ingush]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twirpx.com/file/3327379/grant/">Сборник статей и материалов по вопросам нахского языкознания. Известия ЧИНИИИЯЛ</a> [Collection of articles and materials on questions of Nakh linguistics. Izvestia CHINIIIYAL] (in Russian). Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>: ChI kn. izd-vo. pp. 199–212.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%98%D0%98%D0%AF%D0%9B&rft.place=Grozny&rft.pages=199-212&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ChI+kn.+izd-vo&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Akhriev&rft.aufirst=N.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twirpx.com%2Ffile%2F3327379%2Fgrant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaumont1987" class="citation book cs1">Chaumont, M. L. (15 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atropates-aturpat-lit">Atropates</a>. Vol. III. Encyclopædia Iranica. pp. 17–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atropates&rft.pages=17-18&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=1987-12-15&rft.aulast=Chaumont&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fatropates-aturpat-lit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Planhol2004" class="citation book cs1">de Planhol, Xavier (15 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-i-lands-of-iran">Iran i. Lands of Iran</a>. Vol. XIII. Encyclopædia Iranica. pp. 204–212.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+i.+Lands+of+Iran&rft.pages=204-212&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.aulast=de+Planhol&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-i-lands-of-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurkiev1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurkiev, A. S. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzurdzuki.com/download/kurkiev-a-s-osnovnye-voprosy-leksikologii-ingushskogo-yazyka-1979g/">Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка</a> [The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>: ChI kn. izd-vo. pp. 1–254.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=Grozny&rft.pages=1-254&rft.pub=ChI+kn.+izd-vo&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Kurkiev&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzurdzuki.com%2Fdownload%2Fkurkiev-a-s-osnovnye-voprosy-leksikologii-ingushskogo-yazyka-1979g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwietochowskiCollins1999" class="citation book cs1">Swietochowski, Tadeusz; Collins, Brian C. (1999). Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3550-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-3550-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Azerbaijan&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-3550-4&rft.aulast=Swietochowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft.au=Collins%2C+Brian+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijanis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Azerbaijani_people_by_country_or_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijani_population" title="Template:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijani_population" title="Template talk:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijani_population" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Azerbaijani_people_by_country_or_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijani people by country or region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_population_by_urban_area" title="Azerbaijani population by urban area">Largest urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borchaly_uezd" title="Borchaly uezd">Borchaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Belarus" title="Azerbaijanis in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kazakhstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkmenistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Ukraine" title="Azerbaijanis in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Uzbekistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_France" title="Azerbaijanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Germany" title="Azerbaijanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkey" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Canadians" title="Azerbaijani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_Olympic_medalists" title="List of Azerbaijani Olympic medalists">Azerbaijani Olympic medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">List of Azerbaijanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Azerbaijan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Template:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Template talk:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Azerbaijan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Azerbaijan-related_articles" title="Index of Azerbaijan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze and Iron age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_culture" title="Nakhchivan culture">Nakhchivan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughan culture">Mughan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar-Burial_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jar-Burial Culture">Jar-Burial Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla-Tepe_culture" title="Leyla-Tepe culture">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran (Caucasus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_dynasty" title="Sajid dynasty">Sajid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshahs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–13)">Russo-Persian War (1804–13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%931907" title="Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907">Armenian–Tatar massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Independent_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Independent Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_name_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the name Azerbaijan">History of the name Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_of_Fire" title="The Land of Fire">The Land of Fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Azerbaijan" title="Coat of arms of Azerbaijan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="444" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_water_of_Azerbaijan" title="Bodies of water of Azerbaijan">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Azerbaijan" title="Climate change in Azerbaijan">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of earthquakes in Azerbaijan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Azerbaijan" title="Environment of Azerbaijan">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Azerbaijan" title="Extreme points of Azerbaijan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Azerbaijan" title="Fauna of Azerbaijan">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flora of Azerbaijan">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geology of Azerbaijan">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves of Azerbaijan">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mountains of Azerbaijan">Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of lakes of Azerbaijan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Azerbaijan" title="National parks of Azerbaijan">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Orography of Azerbaijan">Orography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of protected areas of Azerbaijan">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_reserves_of_Azerbaijan" title="State reserves of Azerbaijan">State reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Azerbaijan" title="Wildlife of Azerbaijan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Azerbaijan" title="Borders of Azerbaijan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of cities in Azerbaijan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cabinet of Azerbaijan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Azerbaijan" title="Constitution of Azerbaijan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Azerbaijan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Children's rights in Azerbaijan">Children's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_policy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Migration policy of Azerbaijan">Migration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Economy of Azerbaijan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Azerbaijan" title="Agriculture in Azerbaijan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Azerbaijan" title="Central Bank of Azerbaijan">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of companies of Azerbaijan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Energy in Azerbaijan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Manat (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Metallurgy in Azerbaijan">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mineral industry of Azerbaijan">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Azerbaijan" title="Natural resources of Azerbaijan">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Azerbaijan" title="Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Transport in Azerbaijan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijani_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Azerbaijani animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_art" title="Azerbaijani art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_wine" title="Azerbaijani wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folklore" title="Azerbaijani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_national_identity" title="Azerbaijani national identity">National identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Azerbaijan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_mythology" title="Azerbaijani mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz (New Year)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani rug">Rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Sport in Azerbaijan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_tea_culture" title="Azerbaijani tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Azerbaijan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_tradition_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding tradition in Azerbaijan">Wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Azerbaijan" title="Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_Azerbaijan" title="Gender equality in Azerbaijan">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_Azerbaijan" title="Medicine in Azerbaijan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Azerbaijan" title="Healthcare in Azerbaijan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Azerbaijan" title="Languages of Azerbaijan">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Azerbaijan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Azerbaijan" title="Women in Azerbaijan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Azerbaijan" title="National symbols of Azerbaijan">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Azərbaycan marşı">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Azerbaijan" title="National emblem of Azerbaijan">National emblem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Azerbaijan" title="Outline of Azerbaijan">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Azerbaijan-related_articles" title="Index of Azerbaijan-related articles">Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_history_of_the_Caucasus#Azerbaijan" title="Bibliography of the history of the Caucasus">Bibliography</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Azerbaijan" title="Category:Azerbaijan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen1 communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Europe (exc. Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div>1 Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. 2 In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslims_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Muslims" title="Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Muslims" title="Template talk:European Muslims"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Muslims" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Muslims"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslims_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Muslims in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Majority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham Albanians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_people" title="Gorani people">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_France" title="Kurds in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Dobrujan Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Europe" title="Turks in Europe">Other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_languages" title="North Caucasian languages">North Caucasian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aghuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartvelian peoples">Kartvelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic peoples">Uralic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Europe" title="Arabs in Europe">in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Spain" title="Moroccans in Spain">in Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_France" title="Berbers in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Belgium" title="Berbers in Belgium">in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_the_Netherlands" title="Berbers in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Muslims" title="Bulgarian Muslims">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat_Muslims" title="Croat Muslims">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallahades" title="Vallahades">Vallahades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hemshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Muslims">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_Muslims" title="Ossetian Muslims">Ossetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Romani_people" title="Muslim Romani people">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkali_and_Balkan_Egyptians" title="Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians">Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Muslims" title="Serb Muslims">Serbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Caucasus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Ethnic groups in the</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus#Language_families_indigenous_to_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Caucasian</a> (areal)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjarians" title="Adjarians">Adjarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvals" title="Dvals">Dvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guria#Demographics" title="Guria">Gurians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imerkhevians" title="Imerkhevians">Imerkhevians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Ingiloys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javakhians" title="Javakhians">Javakhians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakhetians" title="Kakhetians">Kakhetians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetians" title="Meskhetians">Meskhetians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchians" class="mw-redirect" title="Colchians">Colchians</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zans" title="Zans">Zans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_people" title="Laz people">Lazs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelians" title="Mingrelians">Mingrelians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svans" title="Svans">Svans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Caucasian_languages" title="Northeast Caucasian languages">Northeast</a> (Caspian)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avar%E2%80%93Andic_languages" title="Avar–Andic languages">Avar–Andic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andi_people" title="Andi people">Andis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagvalal_people" title="Bagvalal people">Bagvalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botlikh_people" title="Botlikh people">Botlikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamalal_people" title="Chamalal people">Chamalals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godoberi_people" title="Godoberi people">Godoberis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karata_people" title="Karata people">Karatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindi_people" title="Tindi people">Tindis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lezgic_languages" title="Lezgic languages">Lezgic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_people" title="Aghul people">Aguls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archi_people" title="Archi people">Archin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutuls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_people" title="Tabasaran people">Tabasarans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_people" title="Udi people">Udis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nakh_peoples" title="Nakh peoples">Nakh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bats_people" title="Bats people">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kist_people" title="Kist people">Kists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aukhs" title="Aukhs">Aukhs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsezic_languages" title="Tsezic languages">Tsezic</a> (Didoic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezhta_people" title="Bezhta people">Bezhtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinukh_people" title="Hinukh people">Hinukhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunzib_people" title="Hunzib people">Hunzibs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarshi_people" title="Khwarshi people">Khwarshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsez_people" title="Tsez people">Tsez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dargins" title="Dargins">Dargins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaitags" title="Kaitags">Kaitags</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laks_(Caucasus)" title="Laks (Caucasus)">Laks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Caucasian_languages" title="Northwest Caucasian languages">Northwest</a> (Pontic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abazins" title="Abazins">Abazins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadz" title="Sadz">Sadz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abzakhs" title="Abzakhs">Abzakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Adyghe people">Adygeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besleney" title="Besleney">Besleneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bzhedugs" title="Bzhedugs">Bzhedugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemirgoys" title="Chemirgoys">Chemirgoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkess" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherkess">Cherkess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natukhajs" title="Natukhajs">Natukhajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapsugs" title="Shapsugs">Shapsugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubykh_people" title="Ubykh people">Ubykhs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/250px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/375px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/500px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1111" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo- European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Greeks" title="Caucasus Greeks">Caucasus Greeks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks">Pontic Greeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora#Georgia" title="Romani diaspora">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_people" title="Iron people">Irons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kudar" title="Kudar">Kudar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_Ossetians" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialeti Ossetians">Trialeti Ossetians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Armenia" title="Poles in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Azerbaijan" title="Poles in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Russians" title="Caucasus Russians">Russians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molokans" title="Molokans">Molokans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kuban" title="Ukrainians in Kuban">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Germans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadaghis" title="Karadaghis">Karadaghis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayat_(tribe)" title="Bayat (tribe)">Bayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Armenia" title="Assyrians in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Georgia" title="Assyrians in Georgia">in Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Abkhazia" title="History of the Jews in Abkhazia">Abkhaz Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Armenia" title="Ethnic minorities in Armenia">Ethnic minorities in Armenia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Azerbaijan" title="Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan">Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities in Georgia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Ethnic minorities in Russia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan">Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afshar (tribe)">Afshars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Caucasus" title="Arabs in the Caucasus">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Armenians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Nakhchivan" title="Armenians in Nakhchivan">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhvakh_people" title="Akhvakh people">Akhvakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrums</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avars_(Caucasus)" title="Avars (Caucasus)">Avars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingiloy_people" title="Ingiloy people">Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garachi" title="Garachi">Garachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Azerbaijan" title="Germans in Azerbaijan">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Greeks in Azerbaijan">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadaghis" title="Karadaghis">Karadaghis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Azerbaijan" title="Kurds in Azerbaijan">Kurds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheylanli_(Kurdish_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheylanli (Kurdish tribe)">Sheylanli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins_in_Azerbaijan" title="Lezgins in Azerbaijan">Lezgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padar_tribe" title="Padar tribe">Padars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Azerbaijan" title="Poles in Azerbaijan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarapapaqs" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarapapaqs">Qarapapaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Russians in Azerbaijan">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_people" title="Rutul people">Rutul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbs_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbs in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tatars in Azerbaijan">Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terekeme_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Terekeme people">Terekemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_people" title="Tsakhur people">Tsakhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Azerbaijan" title="Turks in Azerbaijan">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdagh_people" title="Shahdagh people">Shahdagh people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budukh_people" title="Budukh people">Budukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jek_people" title="Jek people">Jek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khinalug_people" title="Khinalug people">Khinalug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryts_people" title="Kryts people">Kryts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_people" title="Udi people">Udi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See Also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Demographics of Azerbaijan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482942#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482942#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482942#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/824652/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh89006639">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12296714q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12296714q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph552887&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539201905171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=42757">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFBanuazizi,_AliWeiner,_Myron1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarthold1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerkman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerkman_CC,_Dinc_H,_Sekeryapan_C,_Togan_I2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinder,_Leonard1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinder1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBishku2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair,_Betty1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosworth,_A._B.Baynham,_E._J.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosworth,_C._E.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyle,_KevinSheen,_Juliet1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke,_Andrew2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamoux,_Francois2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaumont,_M._L.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaumont1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoene,_Frederik2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollin,_Matthew2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraneLalMartini2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeck,_Laurel1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeniker1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerenkoMalyarchukBahmanimehrDenisova2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElling2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEschmentvon_Löwis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarjadianGhaderi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFathi,_Nazila2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrye\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrye,_R._N.2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrye2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGasimov2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGeukjian2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGheissari2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolden,_Peter_B.1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaider2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarcave,_Sidney1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison,_Frances2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHess,_Gary._R.1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeyat,_Farideh2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins,_Patricia_J.1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobbs2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJavadi,_H.Burill,_K.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKazemzadeh1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith_BrownSarah_Ogilvie2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKemp,_GeoffreyStein,_Janice_Gross1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy,_Hugh1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKobishchanov,_Yuri_M.1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoknar,_Ali_M.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurkiev1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapidus,_Ira1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLendering,_Jona\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis,_M._Paul2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacCaggSilver1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMezzavillaVozziPirastuGirotto2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Smith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinorsky\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinorsky,_V.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoaddelKarabenick2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMojtahed-Zadeh,_Pirouz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMostashari,_Firouzeh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNasidze,_IvanSarkisian,_TamaraKerimov,_AzerStoneking,_Mark2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNasidze,_SStoneking,_M.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichol,_James1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry,_John_R.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPistor-Hatam,_Anja2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanhol\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPope2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPourjavady2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuintana-Murci,_L.2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRezvani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson,_Lawrence_R.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy,_Olivier2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSadr,_Shadi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSammis,_Kathy2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchippmann1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchulze,_Wolfgang2001–2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchulze2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSela,_Avraham2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSourdel1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuny,_Ronald_G.1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuny,_Ronald_G.1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuny1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSunyStork1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvante_E._Cornell2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwietochowski,_Tadeusz1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwietochowskiCollins1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaskent_RO,_Gokcumen_O2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerror_Free_Tomorrow2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeitenberg1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYarshater,_E2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYarshater1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYepiskoposian,_L.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYilmaz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYilmaz2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYunusbayevMetspaluMetspaluValeev2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZerjal,_T.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Planhol2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_Leeuw,_Charles2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFİlhamqızı2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFГорянин\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFГорянин2003\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Azerbaijan topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Azerbaijani diaspora\"] = 1,\n [\"Azerbaijanis\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 63,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 88,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Azerbaijani People\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Encyclopaedia Iranica\"] = 1,\n [\"Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan\"] = 1,\n [\"European Muslims\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 27,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox ethnic group\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 11,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nq\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research\"] = 1,\n [\"POV section\"] = 1,\n [\"Peoples of the Caucasus\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Primary sources\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 13,\n [\"See also\"] = 9,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Turkic peoples\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","300","15.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","11.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","9.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","60","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","60","3.1"],["(for generator)","60","3.1"],["[others]","680","35.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-7k52b","timestamp":"20241123042633","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Azerbaijanis","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azerbaijanis","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q482942","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q482942","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-02T10:04:04Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T00:41:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/84\/Azerigirls.JPG","headline":"Turkic people, constituting the bulk of the population living in Azerbaijan, as well as in northwestern Iran"}</script> </body> </html>