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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Sembang+dalam+talian" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Sembang+dalam+talian" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sembang dalam talian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 57 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="دردشة إنترنت – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دردشة إنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onlayn_%C3%A7at" title="Onlayn çat – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Onlayn çat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrolan_daring" title="Obrolan daring – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Obrolan daring" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8" title="অনলাইন কথোপকথন – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনলাইন কথোপকথন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чат – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F" title="ऑनलाइन चैट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑनलाइन चैट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mre%C5%BEno_%C4%87askanje" title="Mrežno ćaskanje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mrežno ćaskanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чат – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xat" title="Xat – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Online chat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babilejo" title="Babilejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Babilejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txat" title="Txat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چت آنلاین – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چت آنلاین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_en_ligne" title="Chat en ligne – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chat en ligne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charla" title="Charla – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%84%ED%8C%85" title="채팅 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="채팅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F" title="ऑनलाइन चैट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑनलाइन चैट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuqavitha_kuxhakaxholo" title="Ukuqavitha kuxhakaxholo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukuqavitha kuxhakaxholo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%98" title="צ'אט – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჩატი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чат – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓൺലൈൻ ചാറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓൺലൈൻ ചാറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Online chat" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatten_(communicatie)" title="Chatten (communicatie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chatten (communicatie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="チャット – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettprat" title="Nettprat – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nettprat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_(Internet)" title="Chat (Internet) – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chat (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тототлымвер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тототлымвер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czat" title="Czat – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschett" title="Tschett – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Tschett" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чат – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cet" title="Čet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="وتووێژی سەرھێڵ – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وتووێژی سەرھێڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Дописивање – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дописивање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatt" title="Chatt – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chatt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இணைய உரையாடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைய உரையாடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B2_chuy%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%B1c_tuy%E1%BA%BFn" title="Trò chuyện trực tuyến – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trò chuyện trực tuyến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evrimi%C3%A7i_sohbet" title="Çevrimiçi sohbet – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevrimiçi sohbet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Чат – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%98" title="טשעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E4%B8%8A%E8%AC%A6%E6%AC%AC" title="網上謦欬 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網上謦欬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9" title="网络聊天 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="网络聊天" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287198#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sembang_dalam_talian" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Sembang_dalam_talian&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sembang_dalam_talian"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sembang_dalam_talian"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Sembang_dalam_talian" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Sembang_dalam_talian" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&oldid=4981266" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Sembang_dalam_talian&id=4981266&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSembang_dalam_talian"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSembang_dalam_talian"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sembang+dalam+talian"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chat_software" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287198" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dilencongkan daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbualan_dalam_talian&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Perbualan dalam talian">Perbualan dalam talian</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Gossip-chat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gossip-chat.png/300px-Gossip-chat.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gossip-chat.png/450px-Gossip-chat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gossip-chat.png/600px-Gossip-chat.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Dalam atur cara sembang dalam talian tipikal ini, tetingkap ke kiri menunjukkan senarai kenalan , dan tetingkap ke kanan menujukkan perbualan antara pengguna dengan salah satu kenalan itu.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sembang dalam talian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>: <i lang="en">online chat</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: en is deprecated </span>) boleh merujuk sebarang jenis <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">komunikasi</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> yang menawarkan penghantaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teks_masa_nyata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teks masa nyata (laman tidak wujud)">masa nyata</a> bagi pesanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bersandarkan_teks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bersandarkan teks (laman tidak wujud)">teks</a> daripada pengirim kepada penerima. Pesanan sembang pada amnya adalah pendek untuk membolehkan peserta lain untuk bergerak balas dengan pantas. Maka dengan itu, perasaan yang serupa dengan perbualan tuturan terhasil, yang membezakan persembangan daripada bentuk komunikasi dalam talian bersandarkan teks lain seperti <a href="/wiki/Forum_Internet" title="Forum Internet">forum Internet</a> dan <a href="/wiki/E-mel" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mel">e-mel</a>. Sembang dalam talian boleh mengalamatkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_ke_titik_(telekomunikasi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik ke titik (telekomunikasi) (laman tidak wujud)">titik ke titik</a> serta komunikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multisiar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multisiar (laman tidak wujud)">multisiar</a> daripada satu pengirim kepada banyak penerima dan suara dan <a href="/wiki/Videotelefoni" title="Videotelefoni">sembang video</a>, atau mungkin merupakan ciri khidmat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidang_web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidang web (laman tidak wujud)">sidang web</a>. </p><p>Sembang dalam talian dalam takrifan kurang ketat mungkin terutamanya merupakan mana-mana sembang bersandarkan teks atau bersandarkan video (<a href="/wiki/Kamera_web" title="Kamera web">kamera web</a>) sembang satu ke satu atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilik_sembang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilik sembang (laman tidak wujud)">sembang kumpulan</a> satu dengan banyak (secara formal juga dikenali sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidang_segerak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidang segerak (laman tidak wujud)">sidang segerak</a>)), menggunakan alat seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengutus_segera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengutus segera (laman tidak wujud)">pengutus segera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saling_Bual_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saling Bual Internet (laman tidak wujud)">Saling Bual Internet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>: <i lang="en">Internet Relay Chat, IRC</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: en is deprecated </span>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penutur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penutur (laman tidak wujud)">penutur</a> dan mungkin <a href="/w/index.php?title=MUD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MUD (laman tidak wujud)">MUD</a>. Sembang dalam talian menyertakan <a href="/wiki/Aplikasi_web" class="mw-redirect" title="Aplikasi web">aplikasi bersandarkan web</a> yang membolehkan komunikasi –kerap dialamatkan dengan terus, tetapi tanpa nama sesama pengguna dalam persekitaran berbilang pengguna. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidang_web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidang web (laman tidak wujud)">Sidang web</a> ialah suatu khidmat dalam talian lebih spesifik, yang kerap dijual sebagai khidmat, dihos pada pelayan web yang dikawal oleh vendor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bilik sembang</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khidmat_janji_temu_dalam_talian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khidmat janji temu dalam talian (laman tidak wujud)">Khidmat janji temu dalam talian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemesanan_segera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemesanan segera (laman tidak wujud)">Pemesanan segera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perisian_kolaboratif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perisian kolaboratif (laman tidak wujud)">Perisian kolaboratif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perisian_sokongan_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perisian sokongan langsung (laman tidak wujud)">Perisian sokongan langsung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_komuniti_maya_dengan_lebih_daripada_100_juta_orang_pengguna_aktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai komuniti maya dengan lebih daripada 100 juta orang pengguna aktif (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai komuniti maya dengan lebih daripada 100 juta orang pengguna aktif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teks_masa_nyata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teks masa nyata (laman tidak wujud)">Teks masa nyata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotelefoni" title="Videotelefoni">Videotelefoni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembang_dalam_talian&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Kutipan</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Birkerts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birkerts_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birkerts, S. "Sense and semblence: The implications of virtuality." In B. Cox (Ed.), <i>Literacy is not enough</i>. Manchester: Akhbar Universiti Manchester. 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cnet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cnet_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961221112318/http://www.cnet.com/Content/Reviews/Compare/Chat/ss07.html">CNET reviews - comparative reviews - chat clients - chatiquette</a> The Internet Archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColumbusDispatch-1996.05.11-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ColumbusDispatch-1996.05.11_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"CompuServe Innovator Resigns After 25 Years", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Columbus_Dispatch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Columbus Dispatch (laman tidak wujud)">The Columbus Dispatch</a></i>, 11 Mei 1996, hlm. 2F.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColumbusDispatch-2000.11.12-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ColumbusDispatch-2000.11.12_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Pramik, "Wired and Inspired", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Columbus_Dispatch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Columbus Dispatch (laman tidak wujud)">The Columbus Dispatch</a></i>, (halaman Business), 12 November 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-2009.06.10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-2009.06.10_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTopping2009" class="citation news cs1">Topping, Alexandra (10 Jun 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/jun/10/english-million-word-milestone">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Web 2.0' declared millionth word in English language"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Web+2.0%27+declared+millionth+word+in+English+language&rft.date=2009-06-10&rft.aulast=Topping&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fbooks%2F2009%2Fjun%2F10%2Fenglish-million-word-milestone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASembang+dalam+talian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KatanovStateUniversityRussia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KatanovStateUniversityRussia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yatsko.zohosites.com/texor-a-chat-mining-program.html">"Texor"</a>. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRegina_Lynn2007" class="citation news cs1">Regina Lynn (4 Mei 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/commentary/sexdrive/2007/05/sexdrive_0504">"Virtual Rape Is Traumatic, but Is It a Crime?"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Virtual+Rape+Is+Traumatic%2C+but+Is+It+a+Crime%3F&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft.au=Regina+Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fculture%2Flifestyle%2Fcommentary%2Fsexdrive%2F2007%2F05%2Fsexdrive_0504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASembang+dalam+talian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Komunikasi_berantarakan_komputer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="new" title="Lee de Forest (laman tidak wujud)">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reginald_Fessenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reginald Fessenden (laman tidak wujud)">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisha Gray (laman tidak wujud)">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Innocenzo_Manzetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innocenzo Manzetti (laman tidak wujud)">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Meucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Meucci (laman tidak wujud)">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov 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Zworykin</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_penghantaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media penghantaran (laman tidak wujud)">Media<br />penghantaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabel_sepaksi" title="Kabel sepaksi">Kabel sepaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_optik_ruang_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi optik ruang bebas (laman tidak wujud)">Optik ruang bebas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_berskala_nano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian berskala nano (laman tidak wujud)">Molekul (rangkaian berskala nano)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentian_optik" title="Gentian optik">Gentian optik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_radio" title="Gelombang radio">Gelombang radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talian_telefon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talian telefon (laman tidak wujud)">Talian telefon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro#Komunikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang mikro">Gelombang mikro bumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi_rangkaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topologi rangkaian (laman tidak wujud)">Topologi</a><br />dan pensuisan rangkaian</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Hubungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nod_(rangkaian)" title="Nod (rangkaian)">Nod</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_telekomunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian telekomunikasi (laman tidak wujud)">Rangkaian</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BITNET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BITNET (laman tidak wujud)">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangkaian_selular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangkaian selular (laman tidak wujud)">Rangkaian selular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer" title="Rangkaian komputer">Komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FidoNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FidoNet (laman tidak wujud)">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a 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