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<span>Reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity_of_phrase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_of_phrase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Popularity of phrase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_of_phrase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immediate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immediate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Immediate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immediate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enduring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enduring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Enduring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enduring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alternative forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>¿Por qué no te callas?</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%9F" title="لم لا تصمت؟ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لم لا تصمت؟" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_s%C4%AB-%C3%A1n-cho%C3%A1%E2%81%BF_b%C3%B4_%C3%A0i_ti%C4%81m-ti%C4%81m%3F" title="Lí sī-án-choáⁿ bô ài tiām-tiām? – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí sī-án-choáⁿ bô ài tiām-tiām?" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%AC_cho-mak-ke_m%CC%80_oi_s%C3%BB-s%C3%A2ng%3F" title="Ngì cho-mak-ke m̀ oi sû-sâng? – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngì cho-mak-ke m̀ oi sû-sâng?" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4_%EC%BC%80_%EB%85%B8_%ED%85%8C_%EC%B9%B4%EC%95%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="포르 케 노 테 카야스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르 케 노 테 카야스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA%3F" title="ໂປເກໂນເຕກາຍັສ? – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂປເກໂນເຕກາຍັສ?" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%3F" title="Почему бы тебе не заткнуться? – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Почему бы тебе не заткнуться?" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%3F" title="ปอร์เกโนเตกายัส? – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปอร์เกโนเตกายัส?" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas? – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="¿Por qué no te callas?" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9D%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%94%AB%EF%BC%9F" title="汝何不唫？ – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="汝何不唫？" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%9E%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%A0%E5%94%94%E6%94%B6%E8%81%B2%EF%BC%9F" title="點解你唔收聲？ – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="點解你唔收聲？" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E4%BD%A0%E4%B8%8D%E9%96%89%E5%98%B4%EF%BC%9F" title="為什麼你不閉嘴？ – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="為什麼你不閉嘴？" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q249374#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Resounding inquiry by Juan Carlos I to Hugo Chavez</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/330px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/500px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg/960px-Cumbre_Iberoamericana_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ibero-American Summit, 2007: Juan Carlos, Zapatero and Chávez are seated on the right side of the chamber. (Chávez is seated at the table in the bottom-right corner clapping.)</figcaption></figure> <p> <b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Por qué no te callas?</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[poɾˈke<span class="wrap"> </span>no<span class="wrap"> </span>te<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaʎas]</a></span>; English: "Why don't you shut up?") is a phrase that was uttered by King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, at the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Summit" title="Ibero-American Summit">Ibero-American Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago, Chile</a>, when Chávez was repeatedly interrupting Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a>'s speech. Following international attention, the phrase became an overnight sensation, gaining <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">meme status</a> as a mobile-phone <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtone</a>, spawning a <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a>, a contest, T-shirt sales, a television program and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> videos. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incident">Incident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the meeting on 10 November 2007, Chávez repeatedly interrupted Zapatero to call Zapatero's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a>, a "<a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">fascist</a>" and "less human than snakes",<sup id="cite_ref-ShutUpBBC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShutUpBBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and accuse Aznar of having supported a <a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt">failed coup d'état aimed at removing Chávez from power</a>. Zapatero had earlier irritated Chávez by suggesting that Latin America needed to attract more <a href="/wiki/Foreign_portfolio_investment" title="Foreign portfolio investment">foreign capital</a> to combat its "chronic, deepening poverty", and claimed that Chávez's policies scared investors out of Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-ShutUpBBC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShutUpBBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TimeRebuke_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimeRebuke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chávez's attacks became so strong that Zapatero rose to Aznar's defence, even though he had been severely critical of Aznar in the past. Zapatero pointed out that Aznar had been democratically elected and was "a legitimate representative of the Spanish people".<sup id="cite_ref-ShutUpBBC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShutUpBBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although organizers switched off Chávez's microphone, he continued to interrupt as Zapatero defended Aznar. Juan Carlos leaned forward, turned towards Chávez, and said, "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Por qué no te callas?</i></span>" The King's rebuke received applause from the general audience.<sup id="cite_ref-TimeRebuke_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimeRebuke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He addressed Chávez using the <a href="/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction" title="T–V distinction">familiar form of "you"</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American Spanish">Latin American Spanish</a>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tú</i></span> and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">te</i></span> are usually used in informal chat, among young people or when addressing close friends, family, or children, and can be perceived as insulting when used in other circumstances. However, in <a href="/wiki/European_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="European Spanish">European Spanish</a> the use of "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tú</i></span>" is more extended and considered the standard).<sup id="cite_ref-ShutUpBBC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShutUpBBC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, he left the hall, as Nicaraguan President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> accused Spain of intervention in his country's elections and complained about the presence of Spanish energy companies in Nicaragua.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident was unprecedented, as never before had the King displayed such anger in public.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the King, the incident was part of an <i><a href="/wiki/Annus_horribilis#Juan_Carlos_I" title="Annus horribilis">annus horribilis</a></i> for the royal image, according to the Chilean newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="La Nación (Chile)">La Nación</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-La_Nación_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Nación-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> argued that the incident exposed "the unendingly complicated relations between Spain and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">its former colonies</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Colonies_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colonies-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction">Reaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the events at the summit, Hugo Chávez made statements against King Juan Carlos I, questioning his democratic <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political science)">legitimacy</a>, and whether he knew about and endorsed <a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="2002 Venezuelan coup attempt">the attempted coup d'état in Venezuela in 2002</a>. Chávez defended his accusations against Aznar, arguing that prohibiting criticism of an elected official such as Aznar would be similar to prohibiting criticism of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. He stated that he would revise Venezuela's position towards Spain and increase surveillance of the activities of Spanish companies in Venezuela, where Spain had been the main investor and trade partner in the last decade.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish government showed appreciation for the reaction of the King and for Zapatero's defense of the dignity of Spanish elected representatives like Aznar.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several days after the event, Chávez demanded an apology from King Juan Carlos and warned Spain that he would review diplomatic ties and take action against Spanish companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Santander" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo Santander">Banco Santander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria</a>, in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReconsiderTies-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He accused the King of displaying the kind of Spanish arrogance that led to Spain's ejection from South America at the hands of Venezuela's hero, <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReconsiderTies-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish diplomats were concerned that Chávez would replace his socialism and attacks on "<a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a>" with attacks on what he called "Spanish imperialism".<sup id="cite_ref-FTConquer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTConquer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking about Venezuela's indigenous peoples, Chávez said of the Spanish, "They slit our people's throats and chopped them into little bits and left them on the outskirts of towns and villages – that was what the Spanish empire did here."<sup id="cite_ref-FTConquer_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTConquer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish foreign ministry denied that the "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Por qué no te callas?</i></span>" incident was indicative of Spanish–Latin American relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FTConquer_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTConquer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some analysts say Chávez used such incidents to "fire up his support base among the majority poor at home with blunt language that played on their misgivings of rich countries' investments in Latin America".<sup id="cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReconsiderTies-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, it is uncertain which of the two men came out of the incident looking worse: "Chávez for his boorish lack of etiquette",<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the King for insulting another leader. The King's words raised questions as the "200th anniversary of independence for the former Spanish colonies" approached.<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several days after the incident, Venezuela's state-run television ran footage of Juan Carlos with <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>. The King was depicted as the dictator's lackey; but the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a>, which preserved the monarchy, had been approved by a referendum, and the key role played by the King in putting down an <a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt">attempted military coup in 1981</a>, were not mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King's outburst received divided reactions from other leaders. Brazil's President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> defended Chávez, while Peru's and El Salvador's presidents <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Alan García">Alan García</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saca" title="Antonio Saca">Antonio Saca</a> supported the King.<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity_of_phrase">Popularity of phrase</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Popularity of phrase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zapatero said he did not realize what an influential moment it had been until he returned home and his eldest daughter greeted him with "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Por qué no te callas?</i></span>", which made them both laugh.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King's phrase gained cult slogan status, ringing from mobile phones; appearing on <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a>; and being used as a greeting. The domain, porquenotecallas.com, had reached US$4,600 on eBay as of 16 November 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Corral_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corral-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase became a YouTube sensation overnight and a song was written to a traditional tune.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase spawned countless media articles, jokes, songs and video clips, and in Spain an estimated 500,000 people downloaded the phrase as a ringtone, generating €1.5 million (US$2 million) in sales as of November 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nadie_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 14 November 2007, Google generated 665,000 webhits on the phrase and YouTube had 610 videos.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadie_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadie-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entrepreneurs in Florida and Texas put the slogan on T-shirts, and marketed them on <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> and elsewhere;<sup id="cite_ref-Colonies_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colonies-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the phrase became a greeting among Venezuelan expats in Miami and Spain<sup id="cite_ref-Corral_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corral-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a slogan for Chávez opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-FTConquer_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTConquer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kingrow_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingrow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less than 24 hours after the event, the king's words were used by sports commentators during the radio transmission of Spanish language football games to describe controversial events. A contest for the best audiovisual depiction of the event was announced in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer" title="The Cincinnati Enquirer">The Cincinnati Enquirer</a></i> editorial page suggested that the phrase would have the power to change the course of history, as has been credited to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s, "Mr. Gorbachev, <a href="/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall!" title="Tear down this wall!">tear down this wall!</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Los Angeles Times</i> said "the Spanish-speaking world can hardly stop talking about [the incident]", which provided "fodder for satirists from Mexico City to Madrid".<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An editor for the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> noted the "Spanish-speaking world has been abuzz about [this] verbal slapdown" and suggested that King Juan Carlos "should have asked the assembled heads of state: 'Why don't you speak up?'"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reaction was apparent "in newspaper headlines, cable television and on YouTube. His phrase was reproduced on T-shirts, and cellphone ring tones. In Mexico City, the dust-up became a satirical skit, "El Chabo del 8". In El Salvador's capital, the phrase became a playful greeting."<sup id="cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i> reported the King could earn a multimillion-euro business if he claimed rights over the phrase, which generated a <i><a href="/wiki/Benny_Hill_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Benny Hill Show">Benny Hill Show</a></i>-style skit and a Nike ad, "Juan do it. Just shut up", with the Brazilian football star, <a href="/wiki/Ronaldinho" title="Ronaldinho">Ronaldinho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada's <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i> said an actor's voice was used to mimic the king's voice in the ringtone to avoid legal problems over the use of the phrase, which also generated sales of coffee mugs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protesters against the Chávez government adopted the phrase as their slogan;<sup id="cite_ref-Kingrow_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingrow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> T-shirts in Venezuela had the slogan with the "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">no</i></span>" in capital letters, representing a call to vote against amendments in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum">December 2007 constitutional referendum</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the phrase was used as a taunt when more than 100,000 marched in protest against Chávez's proposed constitutional changes.<sup id="cite_ref-MarchTaunt_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarchTaunt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immediate">Immediate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Immediate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One week after the event, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> wrote that King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah of Saudi Arabia</a> delivered Chávez's second rebuke from a king in one week, when he reminded Chávez that oil should not be used as a tool for conflict. The remarks came minutes after Chávez called for <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> to "assert itself as an active political agent" at the OPEC summit in Saudi Arabia's capital, Riyadh.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a followup at the OPEC summit, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> wrote that "Spain's king cannot shut Chavez up but <a href="/wiki/Bladder" title="Bladder">bladder</a> can",<sup id="cite_ref-Bladder_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bladder-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that Chávez said to a throng of reporters at the OPEC summit, "For a while now, I have needed to go to the bathroom and I am going to pee ... Do you want me to pee on you?"<sup id="cite_ref-Bladder_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bladder-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two weeks after the event, Chile's President <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> revealed that she had politely requested that Chávez abstain from making some statements at the summit, indicating frankly that she felt "let down" by the subsequent discussions at the OPEC meeting, considering the effect that the price of oil has on countries like Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also just weeks after the incident, Chávez was "accused of breaking a protocol accord" with Colombia's President <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a> and "exhaust[ing] his Colombian counterpart's patience by speaking out of turn once too often", formally ending Chávez's mediation in hostage negotiations with the Colombian <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia</a> (FARC) guerrilla group.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Argentina, a television program called <i>Por qué no te callas</i> began broadcasting on 6 December 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enduring">Enduring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Enduring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The phrase was seen at the <a href="/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2010 FIFA World Cup">2010 FIFA World Cup</a> when a Spanish fan raised a scarf bearing the slogan.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Infobae named the incident among those most noted to have captured public attention in the history of the Ibero-American Summit.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Entorno Inteligente</i> invoked the phrase in 2014, paying homage to Spain for the "immortal lexicon", and referring to Venezuelan politician <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> as in-maduro (a play on the Spanish word <i>immature</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2020 Spanish newspaper characterized the incident as one of the 20 most memorable televised moments of Juan Carlos.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 journal paper used the incident as an example of the definition of intensification as a "pragmatic strategy that contributes to the rhetorico–argumentative aspect reinforcing what has been said or the speaker's or somebody else's point of view".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study published in 2019 in the journal <i>Normas</i> about the expression of courtesy in language remarked that neither party had measured the impact their words would have during the summit.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_forms">Alternative forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alternative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Urgent_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of Urgent Spanish">Fundéu BBVA</a></i>, the Urgent Spanish Foundation,<sup id="cite_ref-BBVA_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBVA-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the director of the <a href="/wiki/Academia_Chilena_de_la_Lengua" title="Academia Chilena de la Lengua">Chilean Academy of the Spanish language</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the phrase uttered by the King, given the situation under which it was said, should be written with exclamation marks instead of question marks: <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¡Por qué no te callas!</i></span> Alternatively, it could be written using a combination of both exclamation and question marks (the <a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a>): <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¡¿Por qué no te callas?!</i></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿¡Por qué no te callas!?</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-BBVA_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBVA-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/32px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/48px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/64px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Venezuela" title="Portal:Venezuela">Venezuela portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shut_up" title="Shut up">Shut up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Spain–Venezuela relations">Spain–Venezuela relations</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Will_you_shut_up,_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Will you shut up, man">Will you shut up, man</a>?"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7089131.stm">"Shut up, Spain king tells Chavez"</a>. BBC. 10 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071111194305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7089131.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shut+up%2C+Spain+king+tells+Chavez&rft.date=2007-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F7089131.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeRebuke-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TimeRebuke_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimeRebuke_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPadgett,_Tim2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Padgett, Tim (12 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071115094835/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1682967,00.html?imw=Y">"Behind the King's Rebuke to Chávez"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1682967,00.html?imw=Y">the original</a> on 15 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Behind+the+King%27s+Rebuke+to+Ch%C3%A1vez&rft.date=2007-11-12&rft.au=Padgett%2C+Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1682967%2C00.html%3Fimw%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112090430/http://www.antena3.com/a3noticias/servlet/Noticias?destino=..%2Fa3n%2Fnoticia%2Fnoticia.jsp&sidicom=si&id=13286798">"El Rey Don Juan Carlos a Hugo Chávez: "<i>¿Por qué no te callas?</i>""</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena 3</a>. 11 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antena3.com/a3noticias/servlet/Noticias?destino=../a3n/noticia/noticia.jsp&sidicom=si&id=13286798">the original</a> on 12 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Rey+Don+Juan+Carlos+a+Hugo+Ch%C3%A1vez%3A+%22%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22&rft.pub=Antena+3&rft.date=2007-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antena3.com%2Fa3noticias%2Fservlet%2FNoticias%3Fdestino%3D..%2Fa3n%2Fnoticia%2Fnoticia.jsp%26sidicom%3Dsi%26id%3D13286798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTabar,_Carmen2007" class="citation news cs1">Tabar, Carmen (10 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208073548/http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=457570&idseccio_PK=1007">"Nunca se había visto al Rey tan enfadado en público"</a>. El Periódico de Catalunya. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=457570&idseccio_PK=1007">the original</a> on 8 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nunca+se+hab%C3%ADa+visto+al+Rey+tan+enfadado+en+p%C3%BAblico&rft.date=2007-11-10&rft.au=Tabar%2C+Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fdefault.asp%3Fidpublicacio_PK%3D46%26idioma%3DCAS%26idnoticia_PK%3D457570%26idseccio_PK%3D1007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_Nación-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-La_Nación_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206025748/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20071115/pags/20071115203346.html">"El 'annus horribilis' del Rey Juan Carlos"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="La Nación (Chile)">La Nación (Chile)</a>. 15 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20071115/pags/20071115203346.html">the original</a> on 6 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=El+%27annus+horribilis%27+del+Rey+Juan+Carlos&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.cl%2Fprontus_noticias_v2%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20071115%2Fpags%2F20071115203346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colonies-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Colonies_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colonies_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomero,_Simon2007" class="citation news cs1">Romero, Simon (25 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/weekinreview/25romero.html">"When a Mother Country Tells Its Kid, 'Shut Up'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215071736/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/weekinreview/25romero.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+a+Mother+Country+Tells+Its+Kid%2C+%27Shut+Up%27&rft.date=2007-11-25&rft.au=Romero%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F25%2Fweekinreview%2F25romero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeregil2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peregil, Francisco (15 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Chavez/carga/Rey/avisa/revisara/relaciones/Espana/elpepiesp/20071115elpepinac_2/Tes">"Chávez carga contra el Rey y avisa de que revisará las relaciones con España"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725171522/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Chavez/carga/Rey/avisa/revisara/relaciones/Espana/elpepiesp/20071115elpepinac_2/Tes">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%A1vez+carga+contra+el+Rey+y+avisa+de+que+revisar%C3%A1+las+relaciones+con+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft.aulast=Peregil&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com%2Farticulo%2Fespana%2FChavez%2Fcarga%2FRey%2Favisa%2Frevisara%2Frelaciones%2FEspana%2Felpepiesp%2F20071115elpepinac_2%2FTes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Moratinos/afirma/ultimo/debe/hacerse/llamar/embajador/consultas/elpepuesp/20071115elpepunac_3/Tes">"Moratinos afirma que "lo último que debe hacerse" es llamar al embajador a consultas"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). 15 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016143632/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Moratinos/afirma/ultimo/debe/hacerse/llamar/embajador/consultas/elpepuesp/20071115elpepunac_3/Tes">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Moratinos+afirma+que+%22lo+%C3%BAltimo+que+debe+hacerse%22+es+llamar+al+embajador+a+consultas&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com%2Farticulo%2Fespana%2FMoratinos%2Fafirma%2Fultimo%2Fdebe%2Fhacerse%2Fllamar%2Fembajador%2Fconsultas%2Felpepuesp%2F20071115elpepunac_3%2FTes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReconsiderTies-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReconsiderTies_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/15/world/americas/15venez.html?ref=world">"Chávez Threatens to Reconsider Venezuela's Ties With Spain"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Reuters. 15 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101110226/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/15/world/americas/15venez.html?ref=world">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%A1vez+Threatens+to+Reconsider+Venezuela%27s+Ties+With+Spain&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F15venez.html%3Fref%3Dworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTConquer-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FTConquer_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTConquer_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTConquer_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTConquer_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford,_Leslie_Crawford2007" class="citation web cs1">Crawford, Leslie Crawford (15 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117205413/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21822492/">"Juan Carlos' words conquer the net"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. London: MSNBC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21822492/">the original</a> on 17 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Juan+Carlos%27+words+conquer+the+net&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Leslie+Crawford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F21822492%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BattleRoyal-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattleRoyal_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKraul,_Chris2007" class="citation news cs1">Kraul, Chris (17 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-chavez17nov17,1,7510496.story?coll=la-headlines-world">"King's words to Chavez start a battle royal"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206160526/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-chavez17nov17,1,7510496.story?coll=la-headlines-world">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=King%27s+words+to+Chavez+start+a+battle+royal&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft.au=Kraul%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-chavez17nov17%2C1%2C7510496.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-headlines-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Hermoso, Borja. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Aznar/Zapatero/eres/presidente/llamas/quieras/elpepuesp/20071113elpepunac_23/Tes">"Aznar a Zapatero: "Tú eres el presidente, me llamas cuando quieras"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>El País</i>. 13 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520050307/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Aznar/Zapatero/eres/presidente/llamas/quieras/elpepuesp/20071113elpepunac_23/Tes">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Aznar+a+Zapatero%3A+%22T%C3%BA+eres+el+presidente%2C+me+llamas+cuando+quieras%22.&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com%2Farticulo%2Fespana%2FAznar%2FZapatero%2Feres%2Fpresidente%2Fllamas%2Fquieras%2Felpepuesp%2F20071113elpepunac_23%2FTes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span> <i>El País</i>, 13 November 2007. . Retrieved 15 November 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cellular-news.com/story/27491.php">"Regal 'Shut Up' Becomes a Cult Ringtone"</a>. cellular-news.com. 16 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034044/http://www.cellular-news.com/story/27491.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regal+%27Shut+Up%27+Becomes+a+Cult+Ringtone&rft.pub=cellular-news.com&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cellular-news.com%2Fstory%2F27491.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corral-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corral_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corral_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorral,_Oscar2007" class="citation news cs1">Corral, Oscar (13 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2004017429_ringtone16.html">"Spanish king's retort to Chávez strikes chord"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071122152938/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2004017429_ringtone16.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Spanish+king%27s+retort+to+Ch%C3%A1vez+strikes+chord&rft.date=2007-11-13&rft.au=Corral%2C+Oscar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fhtml%2Fnationworld%2F2004017429_ringtone16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanchez,_Marcela2007" class="citation news cs1">Sanchez, Marcela (16 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/15/AR2007111501455.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Why Don't You Shut Up?' Chavez's antagonistic antics have their limit"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820074539/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/15/AR2007111501455.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Why+Don%27t+You+Shut+Up%3F%27+Chavez%27s+antagonistic+antics+have+their+limit&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Marcela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F11%2F15%2FAR2007111501455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121110534/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7101386.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Shut up' Chavez is ringtone hit"</a>. BBC News. 19 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7101386.stm">the original</a> on 21 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Shut+up%27+Chavez+is+ringtone+hit&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F7101386.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nadie-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nadie_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nadie_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071116085842/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7095000/7095670.stm">"Ahora nadie se calla"</a> (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. 14 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7095000/7095670.stm">the original</a> on 16 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahora+nadie+se+calla.&rft.pub=BBC+Mundo&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fspanish%2Flatin_america%2Fnewsid_7095000%2F7095670.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingrow-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingrow_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingrow_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/7096950.stm">Viewpoints: Chavez and King row.</a> BBC News, 16 November 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924001929/http://buscador.eluniversal.com/2007/11/13/cyt_ava_tono-de-la-frase-p_13A1191237.shtml">"Tono de la frase "¿por qué no te callas?" arrasa en politonías de celulares"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Caracas)" title="El Universal (Caracas)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 16 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscador.eluniversal.com/2007/11/13/cyt_ava_tono-de-la-frase-p_13A1191237.shtml">the original</a> on 24 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Tono+de+la+frase+%22%C2%BFpor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22+arrasa+en+politon%C3%ADas+de+celulares&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuscador.eluniversal.com%2F2007%2F11%2F13%2Fcyt_ava_tono-de-la-frase-p_13A1191237.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooklis2007" class="citation news cs1">Cooklis, Ray (23 November 2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CEQB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11D5A7BEB47FB668&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420">"Royal message to petty dictator: Just shut up"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer" title="The Cincinnati Enquirer">The Cincinnati Enquirer</a></i>. Cincinnati, Ohio: <a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Company</a>. p. 8B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026154535/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2007</span>. <q>History provides us with many examples of famous catch-phrases – the right words, uttered at just the right time – that have shown the power to change the course of events: ... Reagan's 'Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.' Someday soon, we may be able to add to this list the blunt suggestion, already a hot Internet buzz-phrase and cell-phone ring tone, by an exasperated King Juan Carlos I to Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez during a recent summit in Chile: "Why don't you shut up?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Royal+message+to+petty+dictator%3A+Just+shut+up&rft.pages=8B&rft.date=2007-11-23&rft.aulast=Cooklis&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fopenurl%3Fctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo%3Asid%2Fiw.newsbank.com%3ANewsBank%3ACEQB%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx%26rft_dat%3D11D5A7BEB47FB668%26svc_dat%3DInfoWeb%3Aaggregated5%26req_dat%3D0D0CB579A3BDA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiehl,_Jackson2007" class="citation news cs1">Diehl, Jackson (19 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/18/AR2007111800945.html?hpid=opinionsbox1">"Chávez and the King"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. A17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%A1vez+and+the+King&rft.pages=A17&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft.au=Diehl%2C+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F11%2F18%2FAR2007111800945.html%3Fhpid%3Dopinionsbox1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson Diehl, "Silencing Venezuela's President a Royal Task", 21 November 2007, syndicated in the <i><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Journal" title="Albuquerque Journal">Albuquerque Journal</a></i>, p. A9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/why-dont-you-shut-up/2007/11/19/1195321697277.html">"Royal outburst now a nasty little earner"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 20 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120215037/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/why-dont-you-shut-up/2007/11/19/1195321697277.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Royal+outburst+now+a+nasty+little+earner&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fwhy-dont-you-shut-up%2F2007%2F11%2F19%2F1195321697277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/king-of-spain-tells-half-a-million-callers-to-shut-up-1.656819">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'King of Spain' tells half a million callers to 'shut up': New, insulting ringtone a smash hit in Spain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. 19 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071122183800/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/king-of-spain-tells-half-a-million-callers-to-shut-up-1.656819">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27King+of+Spain%27+tells+half+a+million+callers+to+%27shut+up%27%3A+New%2C+insulting+ringtone+a+smash+hit+in+Spain&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fking-of-spain-tells-half-a-million-callers-to-shut-up-1.656819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2007/11/19/1108819-shut-up-is-hit-ringtone-in-spain">"NBC News – Breaking News & Top Stories – Latest World, US & Local News"</a>. <i>newsvine.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026045539/http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2007/11/19/1108819-shut-up-is-hit-ringtone-in-spain">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newsvine.com&rft.atitle=NBC+News+%E2%80%93+Breaking+News+%26+Top+Stories+%E2%80%93+Latest+World%2C+US+%26+Local+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsvine.com%2F_news%2F2007%2F11%2F19%2F1108819-shut-up-is-hit-ringtone-in-spain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarchTaunt-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MarchTaunt_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrange2007" class="citation news cs1">Strange, Hannah (30 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706165434/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article2976631.ece">"100,000 march against Hugo Chavez reforms"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article2976631.ece">the original</a> on 6 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=100%2C000+march+against+Hugo+Chavez+reforms&rft.date=2007-11-30&rft.aulast=Strange&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fus_and_americas%2Farticle2976631.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119532579754096997?mod=googlenews_wsj">"Chavez's OPEC Speech Spurs Rebuke From Saudi King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 17 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507100343/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119532579754096997?mod=googlenews_wsj">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Chavez%27s+OPEC+Speech+Spurs+Rebuke+From+Saudi+King&rft.date=2007-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB119532579754096997%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bladder-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bladder_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bladder_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121110634/http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKN1947231020071119">"Spain's king cannot shut Chavez up but bladder can"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 19 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKN1947231020071119">the original</a> on 21 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+king+cannot+shut+Chavez+up+but+bladder+can&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FoddlyEnoughNews%2FidUKN1947231020071119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercopress.com/vernoticia.do?id=11957&formato=HTML">"Bachelet also asked Chavez, (politely) to shut up"</a>. MercoPress. 23 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071127141358/http://www.mercopress.com/vernoticia.do?id=11957&formato=html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bachelet+also+asked+Chavez%2C+%28politely%29+to+shut+up&rft.date=2007-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercopress.com%2Fvernoticia.do%3Fid%3D11957%26formato%3DHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHudson,_Saul2007" class="citation news cs1">Hudson, Saul (22 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSN2224925520071122?sp=true">"Colombian mediation failure hurts talkative Chavez"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Colombian+mediation+failure+hurts+talkative+Chavez&rft.date=2007-11-22&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FpoliticsNews%2FidUSN2224925520071122%3Fsp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207183842/http://www.laflecha.net/canales/comunicacion/noticias/el-por-que-no-te-callas-del-rey-juan-carlos-i-en-la-tv-argentina">"El "¿por qué no te callas?" del rey Juan Carlos I, en la TV argentina"</a>. <i>La Flecha</i> (in Spanish). 5 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laflecha.net/canales/comunicacion/noticias/el-por-que-no-te-callas-del-rey-juan-carlos-i-en-la-tv-argentina/">the original</a> on 7 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Flecha&rft.atitle=El+%22%C2%BFpor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22+del+rey+Juan+Carlos+I%2C+en+la+TV+argentina&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laflecha.net%2Fcanales%2Fcomunicacion%2Fnoticias%2Fel-por-que-no-te-callas-del-rey-juan-carlos-i-en-la-tv-argentina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624101012/http://caracas.eluniversal.com/sudafrica10/2010/06/21/sur10_ava_frase-por-que-no-t_21A4063571.shtml">"Frase "¿Por qué no te callas?" aparece en el España – Honduras"</a> [The phrase "¿Por qué no te callas?" appears in the España – Honduras match]. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Caracas)" title="El Universal (Caracas)">El Universal</a></i>. 21 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caracas.eluniversal.com/sudafrica10/2010/06/21/sur10_ava_frase-por-que-no-t_21A4063571.shtml">the original</a> on 24 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Frase+%22%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22+aparece+en+el+Espa%C3%B1a+%E2%80%93+Honduras&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaracas.eluniversal.com%2Fsudafrica10%2F2010%2F06%2F21%2Fsur10_ava_frase-por-que-no-t_21A4063571.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/2013/10/18/1517127-cumbre-papelones-del-por-que-no-te-callas-al-intercambio-corbatas-aznar-y-fidel">"Cumbre de papelones: del "¿por qué no te callas?" al intercambio de corbatas entre Aznar y Fidel"</a> [Paper summit: from "why don't you shut up?" to the exchange of ties between Aznar and Fidel] (in Spanish). infobae. 18 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024222814/http://www.infobae.com/2013/10/18/1517127-cumbre-papelones-del-por-que-no-te-callas-al-intercambio-corbatas-aznar-y-fidel">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cumbre+de+papelones%3A+del+%22%C2%BFpor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%22+al+intercambio+de+corbatas+entre+Aznar+y+Fidel&rft.pub=infobae&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2F1517127-cumbre-papelones-del-por-que-no-te-callas-al-intercambio-corbatas-aznar-y-fidel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entornointeligente.com/articulo/1572136/Por-que-no-te-callas-inMaduro-02112013">"¿Por qué no te callas, in−Maduro?"</a> (in Spanish). Entorno Inteligente. 2 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201518/http://www.entornointeligente.com/articulo/1572136/Por-que-no-te-callas-inMaduro-02112013">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%2C+in%E2%88%92Maduro%3F&rft.pub=Entorno+Inteligente&rft.date=2013-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entornointeligente.com%2Farticulo%2F1572136%2FPor-que-no-te-callas-inMaduro-02112013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elperiodico.com/es/yotele/20200803/rey-juan-carlos-momentazos-televisivos-callas-lo-siento-8063628">"Del '¿Por qué no te callas?' al 'Me he equivocado': los momentazos televisivos más recordados de Juan Carlos I"</a> [From '¿Por qué no te callas?' to 'Me he equivocado': the most memorable televised moments of Juan Carlos I]. <i>El periodico</i> (in Spanish). 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+periodico&rft.atitle=Del+%27%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F%27+al+%27Me+he+equivocado%27%3A+los+momentazos+televisivos+m%C3%A1s+recordados+de+Juan+Carlos+I&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodico.com%2Fes%2Fyotele%2F20200803%2Frey-juan-carlos-momentazos-televisivos-callas-lo-siento-8063628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_Briz2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Antonio Briz (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/bfilol/v52n2/0718-9303-bfilol-52-02-00037.pdf">"Otra vez sobre las funciones de la intensificación en la conversación coloquial"</a> [Once again on the functions of intensification in colloquial conversation] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Boletín de filología</i> (in Spanish). <b>52</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-93032017000200037">10.4067/S0718-93032017000200037</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+filolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Otra+vez+sobre+las+funciones+de+la+intensificaci%C3%B3n+en+la+conversaci%C3%B3n+coloquial&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0718-93032017000200037&rft.au=Antonio+Briz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.cl%2Fpdf%2Fbfilol%2Fv52n2%2F0718-9303-bfilol-52-02-00037.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFImelda_Pricila_Rodríguez_Andrade2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Imelda Pricila Rodríguez Andrade (1 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/72925/7158857.pdf?sequence=1">"Lo cortés no quita lo valiente, un estudio del uso de la cortesía en Quito and Salamanca"</a> [Politeness does not detract from bravery, a study of the expression of courtesy in Salamanca and Quito] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Normas</i> (in Spanish). <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">175–</span>94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7203%2FNormas.v9i1.15153">10.7203/Normas.v9i1.15153</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Normas&rft.atitle=Lo+cort%C3%A9s+no+quita+lo+valiente%2C+un+estudio+del+uso+de+la+cortes%C3%ADa+en+Quito+and+Salamanca&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7203%2FNormas.v9i1.15153&rft.au=Imelda+Pricila+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Andrade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froderic.uv.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10550%2F72925%2F7158857.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBVA-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBVA_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBVA_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundeu.es/Consultas.aspx?frmOpcion=CONSULTA&frmFontSize=2&frmIdConsulta=690">"¡Por qué no te callas!"</a>. <i>Fundéu</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216015604/http://www.fundeu.es/Consultas.aspx?frmOpcion=CONSULTA&frmFontSize=2&frmIdConsulta=690">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fund%C3%A9u&rft.atitle=%C2%A1Por+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundeu.es%2FConsultas.aspx%3FfrmOpcion%3DCONSULTA%26frmFontSize%3D2%26frmIdConsulta%3D690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121104137/http://www.lun.com/modulos/catalogo/paginas/2007/11/19/LUCPRDI02LU1911.htm?tipoPantalla=1024">"En chileno la frase del rey Juan Carlos sería: ¡por qué no te callái vo!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Las_%C3%9Altimas_Noticias" title="Las Últimas Noticias">Las Últimas Noticias</a></i> (in Spanish). 19 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lun.com/modulos/catalogo/paginas/2007/11/19/LUCPRDI02LU1911.htm?tipoPantalla=1024">the original</a> on 21 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Las+%C3%9Altimas+Noticias&rft.atitle=En+chileno+la+frase+del+rey+Juan+Carlos+ser%C3%ADa%3A+%C2%A1por+qu%C3%A9+no+te+call%C3%A1i+vo%21&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lun.com%2Fmodulos%2Fcatalogo%2Fpaginas%2F2007%2F11%2F19%2FLUCPRDI02LU1911.htm%3FtipoPantalla%3D1024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+no+te+callas%3F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3Kzbo7tNLg">Youtube video of the incident</a> (English subtitles)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Template:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Template talk:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Chávez475" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">45th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> (1999–2013)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early life and career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Early life of Hugo Chávez">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Military career of Hugo Chávez">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">Coup attempt of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="1998 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg/120px-Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg/250px-Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1291" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/100px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/150px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/200px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Hugo Chávez">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Hugo Chávez">Cabinet of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Venezuela" title="Constitution of Venezuela">1999 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Venezuelan_general_election" title="2000 Venezuelan general election">General election of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2006 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum">Constitutional referendum of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Venezuelan_constitutional_referendum" title="2009 Venezuelan constitutional referendum">Constitutional referendum of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2012 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt">Coup attempt of 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_general_strike_of_2002%E2%80%932003" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003">Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Venezuelan_recall_referendum" title="2004 Venezuelan recall referendum">Recall referendum of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election</a></li> <li>2007 protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_RCTV_protests" title="2007 Venezuelan RCTV protests">RCTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_referendum_protests" title="2007 Venezuelan referendum protests">Referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boliburgues%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Boliburguesía">Boliburguesía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Circles" title="Bolivarian Circles">Bolivarian Circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_missions" title="Bolivarian missions">Bolivarian missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">Colectivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_administration" title="Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Bol%C3%ADvar_2000" title="Plan Bolívar 2000">Plan Bolívar 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_communal_councils" title="Venezuelan communal councils">Venezuelan communal councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez government">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%B3_Presidente" title="Aló Presidente">Aló Presidente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_propaganda" title="Bolivarian propaganda">Bolivarian propaganda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chavismo:_The_Plague_of_the_21st_Century" title="Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century">Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_ocaso_del_socialismo_m%C3%A1gico" title="El ocaso del socialismo mágico">El ocaso del socialismo mágico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pueblo_soy_yo" title="El pueblo soy yo">El pueblo soy yo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Hugo Chávez's cult of personality">Hugo Chávez's cult of personality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mi_amigo_Hugo" title="Mi amigo Hugo">Mi amigo Hugo</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">¿Por qué no te callas?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Public image of Hugo Chávez">Public image of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C2%BF%C2%A1Revoluci%C3%B3n!%3F" title="¿¡Revolución!?">¿¡Revolución!?</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleSUR" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleSUR">teleSUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_and_the_Scorpion" title="The Silence and the Scorpion">The Silence and the Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelanalysis" title="Venezuelanalysis">Venezuelanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Information_Office" title="Venezuela Information Office">Venezuela Information Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caldera" title="Rafael Caldera">← Rafael Caldera</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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