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class="mw-page-title-main">Cheng Xuanying</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Taoism" title="Category:Taoism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao"><img alt="Tao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/75px-Tao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/113px-Tao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/150px-Tao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Taoism" title="Outline of Taoism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taoism" title="History of Taoism">History</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_philosophy" title="Taoist philosophy">Taoist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">Tao</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_(Chinese)" title="De (Chinese)">De</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuji_(philosophy)" title="Wuji (philosophy)">Wuji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiji_(philosophy)" title="Taiji (philosophy)">Taiji</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">Yin and yang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagua" title="Bagua">Bagua</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)">Wuxing</a></i> (five phases)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bianhua" title="Bianhua">Bianhua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fan_(Daoism)" title="Fan (Daoism)">Fan</a></i> (reversal)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wu_wei" title="Wu wei">Wu wei</a></i> (non-action)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziran" title="Ziran">Ziran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Xian</a></i> (immortal)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhenren" title="Zhenren">Zhenren</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_form_(Taoism)" title="True form (Taoism)">True form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Treasures_(traditional_Chinese_medicine)" title="Three Treasures (traditional Chinese medicine)">Three Treasures</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Jing (Chinese medicine)">Jing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun_and_po" title="Hun and po"><i>Hun</i> and <i>po</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Treasures_(Taoism)" title="Three Treasures (Taoism)">Three Treasures (virtues)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Precepts_(Taoism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Precepts (Taoism)">Five Precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Precepts_(Taoism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Precepts (Taoism)">Ten Precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_meditation" title="Taoist meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li>Alchemy <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neidan" title="Neidan">Neidan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waidan" title="Waidan">Waidan</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bugang" title="Bugang">Bugang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chu_(Taoism)" title="Chu (Taoism)">Chu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Diet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bigu_(grain_avoidance)" title="Bigu (grain avoidance)">Bigu</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Sexual practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_art" title="Taoist art">Art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fulu" title="Fulu">Fulu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daoshi" title="Daoshi">Priesthood</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Tao Te Ching</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhuangzi_(book)" title="Zhuangzi (book)">Zhuangzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huainanzi" title="Huainanzi">Huainanzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipingjing" title="Taipingjing">Taipingjing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiang%27er" title="Xiang'er">Xiang'er</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liezi" title="Liezi">Liezi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanhuangjing" title="Sanhuangjing">Sanhuangjing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huahujing" title="Huahujing">Huahujing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qingjing_Jing" title="Qingjing Jing">Qingjing Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baopuzi" title="Baopuzi">Baopuzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daozang" title="Daozang">Daozang</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Taoist_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongjun_Laozu" title="Hongjun Laozu">Hongjun Laozu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pure_Ones" title="Three Pure Ones">Three Pure Ones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuanshi_Tianzun" title="Yuanshi Tianzun">Yuanshi Tianzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_Tianzun" title="Lingbao Tianzun">Lingbao Tianzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daode_Tianzun" title="Daode Tianzun">Daode Tianzun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_heavenly_ministers" title="Four heavenly ministers">Four heavenly ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwei_Emperor" title="Ziwei Emperor">Ziwei Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhuang_Emperor" title="Tianhuang Emperor">Tianhuang Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtu" title="Houtu">Houtu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_of_the_West" title="Queen Mother of the West">Queen Mother of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Father_of_the_East" title="King Father of the East">King Father of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Great_Emperor-Officials" title="Three Great Emperor-Officials">Three Great Emperor-Officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals" title="Eight Immortals">Eight Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e" title="Chang'e">Chang'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hong_(Taoist_eschatology)" title="Li Hong (Taoist eschatology)">Li Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_god" title="Body god">Body god</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taoists" title="List of Taoists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Zhuang Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lie_Yukou" title="Lie Yukou">Lie Yukou</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heshang_Gong" title="Heshang Gong">Heshang Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Boyang" title="Wei Boyang">Wei Boyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Daoling" title="Zhang Daoling">Zhang Daoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Ji" title="Gan Ji">Gan Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jue" title="Zhang Jue">Zhang Jue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lu_(Han_dynasty)" title="Zhang Lu (Han dynasty)">Zhang Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Xuan" title="Ge Xuan">Ge Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Yan" title="He Yan">He Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Bi" title="Wang Bi">Wang Bi</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_the_Bamboo_Grove" title="Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove">Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Xiang" title="Guo Xiang">Guo Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Hanhua" title="Sun Hanhua">Sun Hanhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Huacun" title="Wei Huacun">Wei Huacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Jingyan" title="Bao Jingyan">Bao Jingyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kou_Qianzhi" title="Kou Qianzhi">Kou Qianzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xiujing" title="Lu Xiujing">Lu Xiujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Hongjing" title="Tao Hongjing">Tao Hongjing</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cheng Xuanying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Tuan" title="Chen Tuan">Chen Tuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Boduan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Boduan">Zhang Boduan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Bu%27er" title="Sun Bu'er">Sun Bu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chongyang" title="Wang Chongyang">Wang Chongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Qiu Chuji</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoxiang" title="Zhang Guoxiang">Zhang Guoxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Sanfeng" title="Zhang Sanfeng">Zhang Sanfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Quan" title="Zhu Quan">Zhu Quan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fangshi" title="Fangshi">Fangshi</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Taoist_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist schools">Schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huang%E2%80%93Lao" title="Huang–Lao">Huang–Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Taiping" title="Way of the Taiping">Way of the Taiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanxue" title="Xuanxue">Xuanxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqing_School" title="Shangqing School">Shangqing School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Li_Family" title="Way of the Li Family">Way of the Li Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_School" title="Lingbao School">Lingbao School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongxuan_School" title="Chongxuan School">Chongxuan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhen_School" title="Quanzhen School">Quanzhen School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Gate_Taoism" title="Dragon Gate Taoism">Dragon Gate</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuliupai" title="Wuliupai">Wuliupai</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Celestial_Masters" title="Way of the Celestial Masters">Way of the Celestial Masters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Five_Pecks_of_Rice" title="Way of the Five Pecks of Rice">Way of the Five Pecks of Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Celestial_Masters#The_Southern_Celestial_Masters" title="Way of the Celestial Masters">Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Northern_Celestial_Masters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Northern Celestial Masters">The Northern Celestial Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyi_Dao" title="Zhengyi Dao">Zhengyi Dao</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Chinese ritual mastery traditions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Yao Taoism">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Sacred places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotto-heavens" title="Grotto-heavens">Grotto-heavens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Mountains_of_China" title="Sacred Mountains of China">Sacred Mountains of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wudang_Mountains" title="Wudang Mountains">Wudang Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Penglai" title="Mount Penglai">Mount Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_(mythology)" title="Kunlun (mythology)">Mount Kunlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_temple" title="Taoist temple">Taoist temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Temple" title="White Cloud Temple">White Cloud Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louguantai" title="Louguantai">Louguantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Taoist_Temple" title="Cebu Taoist Temple">Cebu Taoist Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_Temple_(Hanford,_California)" title="Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)">Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutions and organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taoist_Association" title="Chinese Taoist Association">Chinese Taoist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celestial_Masters" title="List of Celestial Masters">Celestial Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist priest">Taoist priests</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taoism" title="Template:Taoism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taoism" title="Template talk:Taoism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taoism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taoism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cheng Xuanying</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">成玄英</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chéng Xuányīng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Ch'eng Hsüan-ying</span></i>; fl. 631–655), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> Zishi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">子實</span></span>), was a <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> monk known to posterity as the "Master of Doctrines at Xihua Abbey“ (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西華法師</span></span>) and was one of the principal representatives of the "School of Double Mystery" (<a href="/wiki/Chongxuan_School" title="Chongxuan School">Chongxuan</a>) during the reigns of the emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Taizong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozong of Tang">Gaozong</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. He is mainly known for his commentaries to the <a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Daodejing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zhuangzi_(book)" title="Zhuangzi (book)">Zhuangzi</a> (also known as the <i>Nanhua Zhenjing</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Xuanying&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cheng Xuanying was born sometime around the first decade of the seventh century CE, in <a href="/wiki/Sh%C7%8En_Prefecture" title="Shǎn Prefecture">Shan Prefecture</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Donghai_County" title="Donghai County">Donghai</a> in seclusion until 631, when he was summoned to the Tang capital <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> and appointed the head monk of Xihua Abbey by the imperial decree of Emperor Taizong.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a> does not mention being accorded the title of Master of Doctrines (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">法師</span></span>), and it is likely that this was a later fabrication of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> period. Prior to his summoning, he was a philosopher well known for his commentary on the popular <a href="/wiki/Lingbao_School" title="Lingbao School">Lingbao</a> scripture, the <i>Clarified Meaning of the Scripture of Universal Salvation</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">度人經疏義</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars alternatively maintain that Cheng was summoned to the capital to serve as the disciple of Liu Jinxi <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">劉進喜</span></span> (fl. 620), a major representative of (Chongxuan) Daoist thought at the Institute of Education (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文學館</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 636 and 638 Cheng was present for a series of debates between Daoists and Buddhists at the temple of the monk Huijing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">慧凈</span></span> b.578) along with Cai Zihuang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蔡子晃</span></span>), a fellow <a href="/wiki/Chongxuan_School" title="Chongxuan School">Chongxuan</a> adherent.<sup id="cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forming_the_Image-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheng, again along with Cai, participated in the translation of the <a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Daodejing</a> into Sanskrit in 647, headed by the eminent Buddhist monk <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a>. Cheng was responsible for explaining the meaning of the Daodejing to Xuanzang in order to translate it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xuanying wanted to translate the term <a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">Dao</a> as <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">bodhi</a>, but Xuanzang rejected it in favor of mārga (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मार्ग</span></span> "road/path").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also requested that the <a href="/wiki/Heshang_Gong" title="Heshang Gong">Heshanggong</a> commentary be translated as well, which Xuanzang similarly denied.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 647 Cheng and Zhang Huiyuan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張惠元</span></span>) were commissioned to investigate the major Daoist scripture known as the <a href="/wiki/Sanhuangjing" title="Sanhuangjing">Sanhuangjing</a>. They determined it was "an absurdly written document, in no way composed in the current time",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all copies of the text were then ordered burned by Emperor Taizong, leading to the near-total destruction of all copies of the scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forming_the_Image-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheng was banished to Yuzhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郁州</span></span>) around 653 following a draught during the Yonghui reign (650-655) of Emperor Gaozong, likely due to his interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">Classic of Changes</a> as explaining the occurrence of natural disasters, which the court saw as a prognostication of the draught.<sup id="cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forming_the_Image-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died sometime between 685 and 690.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentaries">Commentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Xuanying&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cheng wrote one of the more significant commentaries to the Zhuangzi, the <i>Subcommentary to the Zhuangzi</i> (<i>Zhuāngzǐ shū</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">莊子疏</span></span>). His commentary, valued for its concise explanations and character glosses, is a sub-commentary to <a href="/wiki/Guo_Xiang" title="Guo Xiang">Guo Xiang</a>'s; traditionally, both commentaries have been handed down together. Both commentaries have been handed down to posterity in the <a href="/wiki/Daozang" title="Daozang">Daozang</a> as the Commentary and Subcommentary on the <i>True Scripture of Southern Florescence</i> (<i>Nánhúa Zhēnjīng Zhùshū</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南華真經注疏</span></span>) in 30 juan. </p><p>Cheng also wrote 2 juan of commentary on the Daodejing, and 7 juan of subcommentary on the <i>Laozi kaiti xujue</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">老子開題序訣義疏</span></span>). Fragments of these texts have survived in quotations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheng's commentary focuses on first using the Mystery (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玄</span></span> xuan) to transcend Being (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">有</span></span> you) and Nonbeing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">無</span></span> wu), and then to transcend the Mystery itself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheng believed that the Dao "is eternally deep and still, it is neither form nor sound, neither personal name nor style; solitary, it alone surpasses the logic of the tetralemma, vague and indistinct it goes beyond the hundred negations.”<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheng's commentary on the Lingbao <i>Scripture of Universal Salvation</i>, the <i>Clarified Meaning of the Scripture of Universal Salvation</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">度人經疏義</span></span>), was extremely popular in its time and likely resulted in his summoning to Chang'an in 631. It is preserved in the Daozang. Additionally, Cheng composed a work in 5 juan on the Classic of Changes, the <i>Diagram on the Circulation and Development of the Changes of Zhou</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周易流演窮寂圖</span></span>), which is lost and rarely-mentioned. Records of the work say it "examined across and synthesized all sixty-four hexagrams and explained the Nine Palaces, extrapolating the weal and woe of the state down to the months and days."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This evaluation coincides with exegesis on the <i>Changes</i> found in Cheng's commentary on the <i>Scripture of Universal Salvation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Xuanying&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7059" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷059">vol. 59</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChou_Ya-ching_周雅清Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Chou Ya-ching <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周雅清</span></span> (2003). <i>Cheng Xuanying sixiang yanjiu</i> <bdi lang="zh">成玄英思想研究</bdi> [<i>Research on Cheng Xuanying's Thought</i>]. Taipei: Xinwenfeng. pp. 71–73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cheng+Xuanying+sixiang+yanjiu+%E6%88%90%E7%8E%84%E8%8B%B1%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pages=71-73&rft.pub=Xinwenfeng&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Chou+Ya-ching+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%91%A8%E9%9B%85%E6%B8%85%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi_Jin-Hee_崔珍皙Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Choi Jin-Hee <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">崔珍皙</span></span> (2010). <i>Cheng Xuanying Zhuangzi shu yanjiu</i> <bdi lang="zh">成玄英莊子疏研究</bdi> [<i>Study on Cheng Xuanying and Zhuangzi</i>]. Chengdu: Bashu shushe. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cheng+Xuanying+Zhuangzi+shu+yanjiu+%E6%88%90%E7%8E%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90%E7%96%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=Chengdu&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Bashu+shushe&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Choi+Jin-Hee+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%B4%94%E7%8F%8D%E7%9A%99%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLu_Guolong1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Lu Guolong (1993). <i>Zhongguo chongxuan xue</i> <bdi lang="zh">中國重玄學</bdi>. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin chubanshe. pp. 222 and 235-6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zhongguo+chongxuan+xue+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%87%8D%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%B8&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=222+and+235-6&rft.pub=Zhongguo+renmin+chubanshe&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Lu+Guolong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forming_the_Image-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forming_the_Image_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2018" class="citation thesis cs1">Zhang, Shuheng (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/f4b5cdf6-a91a-4128-ae71-dd8ee5c4f61b"><i>Forming the Image of Cheng Xuanying (Ca.600-690)</i></a> (Master's thesis). University of Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Forming+the+Image+of+Cheng+Xuanying+%28Ca.600-690%29&rft.degree=Master%27s&rft.inst=University+of+Washington&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Shuheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%2Fresearchworks%2Fitems%2Ff4b5cdf6-a91a-4128-ae71-dd8ee5c4f61b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJi_Xianlin_季羨林Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Ji Xianlin <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">季羨林</span></span> (1995). <i>Ji Xianlin fojiao xueshu lunwen ji</i> <bdi lang="zh">季羨林佛教學術論文集</bdi>. Taipei: Dongchu chubanshe. pp. 463–486.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ji+Xianlin+fojiao+xueshu+lunwen+ji+%E5%AD%A3%E7%BE%A8%E6%9E%97%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pages=463-486&rft.pub=Dongchu+chubanshe&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Ji+Xianlin+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%AD%A3%E7%BE%A8%E6%9E%97%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaoxuan_道宣Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Daoxuan <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">道宣</span></span>. <i>Ji gujin fodao lunheng</i> <bdi lang="zh">集古今仏道論衡</bdi> [<i>A Collection of Past and Present Treatises of the Buddhist and Daoists</i>]. Vol. 3. p. 52.387a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ji+gujin+fodao+lunheng+%E9%9B%86%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E4%BB%8F%E9%81%93%E8%AB%96%E8%A1%A1&rft.pages=52.387a&rft.au=Daoxuan+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaoxuan_道宣Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Daoxuan <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">道宣</span></span>. <i>Ji gujin fodao lunheng</i> <bdi lang="zh">集古今仏道論衡</bdi> [<i>A Collection of Past and Present Treatises of the Buddhist and Daoists</i>]. Vol. 3. p. 52.387b.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ji+gujin+fodao+lunheng+%E9%9B%86%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E4%BB%8F%E9%81%93%E8%AB%96%E8%A1%A1&rft.pages=52.387b&rft.au=Daoxuan+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fayuan_Zhulin" title="Fayuan Zhulin"><i>Fayuan zhulin jiaoshi</i></a>. p. 55.1675-6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fayuan+zhulin+jiaoshi&rft.pages=55.1675-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXin_Deyong_辛德勇Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Xin Deyong <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">辛德勇</span></span> (2006). <i>Liangjing xinji jijiao</i> <bdi lang="zh">兩京新記輯校</bdi> [<i>Critical Edition of the Liangjing xinji</i>]. Vol. 3. Xi’an: Sanqin chubanshe. p. 65. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">垂拱中有道士成玄英長於言論著莊老數部行於時也</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liangjing+xinji+jijiao+%E5%85%A9%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B0%E8%A8%98%E8%BC%AF%E6%A0%A1&rft.place=Xi%E2%80%99an&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Sanqin+chubanshe&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Xin+Deyong+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E8%BE%9B%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%87%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.daoinfo.org/wiki/Cheng_Xuanying">"Cheng Xuanying - FYSK: Daoist Culture Centre - Database"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheng+Xuanying+-+FYSK%3A+Daoist+Culture+Centre+-+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.daoinfo.org%2Fwiki%2FCheng_Xuanying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssandri2005" class="citation journal cs1">Assandri, Friederike (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21980223">"Understanding Double Mystery: Daoism in Early Tang as Mirrored in the FDLH (T 2104) and Chongxuanxue"</a>. <i>Journal of Chinese Philosophy</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 427–440.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Understanding+Double+Mystery%3A+Daoism+in+Early+Tang+as+Mirrored+in+the+FDLH+%28T+2104%29+and+Chongxuanxue&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=427-440&rft.date=2005-09&rft.aulast=Assandri&rft.aufirst=Friederike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F21980223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssandri" class="citation web cs1">Assandri, Friederike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25463869">"MYSTERY AND SECRECY IN THE CONTACT OF DAOISM AND BUDDHISM IN EARLY MEDIEVAL CHINA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MYSTERY+AND+SECRECY+IN+THE+CONTACT+OF+DAOISM+AND+BUDDHISM+IN+EARLY+MEDIEVAL+CHINA&rft.aulast=Assandri&rft.aufirst=Friederike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25463869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuan_Yuan1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Ruan Yuan, ed. (1988). "9". <i>Qu ben Junzhai dushu zhi</i> <bdi lang="zh">衢本郡齋讀書志</bdi>. Vol. 1. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe. pp. a–b. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22821149">22821149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9&rft.btitle=Qu+ben+Junzhai+dushu+zhi+%E8%A1%A2%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A1%E9%BD%8B%E8%AE%80%E6%9B%B8%E5%BF%97&rft.place=Nanjing&rft.pages=a-b&rft.pub=Jiangsu+guji+chubanshe&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22821149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang_Xianqian_王先謙Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text1884" class="citation book cs1">Wang Xianqian <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王先謙</span></span> (1884). "11". <i>Junzhai dushuzhi</i>. Vol. 1. Guangxu jiashen: Qu-Yuan hekeben. p. a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=11&rft.btitle=Junzhai+dushuzhi&rft.place=Guangxu+jiashen&rft.pages=a&rft.pub=Qu-Yuan+hekeben&rft.date=1884&rft.au=Wang+Xianqian+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%88%E8%AC%99%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheng+Xuanying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HY 2.505.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheng_Xuanying&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External 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