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href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">馬馬德什</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。42种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="ماماديش – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماماديش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamad%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Mamadış – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mamadış" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مامادیش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مامادیش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Мамадиш – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мамадиш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadix" title="Mamadix – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mamadix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C)" title="Мамадыш (ГӀезалойчоь) – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мамадыш (ГӀезалойчоь)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamad%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Mamadış – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mamadış" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady%C5%A1" title="Mamadyš – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mamadyš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%83%D1%88" title="Маматăш – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Маматăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysch" title="Mamadysch – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mamadysch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadi%C5%9D" title="Mamadiŝ – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mamadiŝ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamad%C3%B5%C5%A1" title="Mamadõš – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mamadõš" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="مامادیش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مامادیش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady%C5%A1" title="Mamadyš – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mamadyš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadych" title="Mamadych – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mamadych" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady%C5%A1" title="Mamadyš – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mamadyš" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadis" title="Mamadis – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mamadis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady%C5%A1" title="Mamadyš – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mamadyš" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ママディシュ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ママディシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A7%88%EB%94%94%EC%8B%9C" title="마마디시 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마마디시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady%C5%A1as" title="Mamadyšas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mamadyšas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysj" title="Mamadysj – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mamadysj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysj" title="Mamadysj – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mamadysj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysj" title="Mamadysj – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mamadysj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysz" title="Mamadysz – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mamadysz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Мамадиш – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мамадиш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysj" title="Mamadysj – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mamadysj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Мамадиш – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мамадиш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamad%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Mamadış – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mamadış" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мамадыш – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мамадыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadi%C5%A1" title="Mamadiš – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mamadiš" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadysh" title="Mamadysh – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mamadysh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&id=70538106&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E4%25BB%2580"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E4%25BB%2580"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mamadysh" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158010" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&params=55_42_N_51_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">55°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">51°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">55.700°N 51.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.700; 51.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&params=55_42_N_51_24_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">55°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">51°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">55.700°N 51.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.700; 51.400</span></span></span></a></span></span> <b>馬馬德什</b>（俄语：<span lang="ru">Мамады́ш</span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韃靼語">韃靼語</a>：<span lang="tt">Mamadış</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韃靼斯坦共和國">韃靼斯坦共和國</a>中部的一個城市，位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3" title="維亞特卡河">維亞特卡河</a>下游，距首府<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山">喀山</a>167公里。2002年人口13,509人。 </p><p>1391年建立，1781年設市。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%80&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surnameindex.info/info/kazan/mamadysh/mamadysh/index.html">Историческая информация о городе Мамадыш</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211106174355/http://www.surnameindex.info/info/kazan/mamadysh/mamadysh/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="俄語">（俄文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Tatarstan</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="行政中心">行政中心</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山">喀山</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tatarstan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tatarstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">城鎮</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%B9" title="阿格雷兹">阿格雷兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%AD%A3%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="阿尔梅季耶夫斯克">阿尔梅季耶夫斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="阿爾斯克">阿爾斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%B4%8D%E5%8D%A1%E8%80%B6%E6%B2%83" title="阿茲納卡耶沃">阿茲納卡耶沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%B7" title="巴夫雷">巴夫雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE" title="博爾加爾">博爾加爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%A9%E9%A6%AC" title="布古利馬">布古利馬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B_(%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="布因斯克 (韃靼斯坦共和國)">布因斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE" title="奇斯托波爾">奇斯托波爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E8%AF%BA%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="因诺波利斯">因诺波利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山">喀山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE" title="庫克莫爾">庫克莫爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%88%8D%E6%B2%83" title="萊舍沃">萊舍沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E8%AB%BE%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="列寧諾戈爾斯克">列寧諾戈爾斯克</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">馬馬德什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="門捷列夫斯克">門捷列夫斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E6%BE%A4%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="緬澤林斯克">緬澤林斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%AC%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E5%86%85" title="卡马河畔切尔内">卡马河畔切尔内</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="下卡姆斯克">下卡姆斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%88%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="努爾拉特">努爾拉特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E7%A7%8B%E5%B8%8C" title="捷秋希">捷秋希</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0" title="叶拉布加">叶拉布加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="扎因斯克">扎因斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%BB%96%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)" title="泽廖诺多利斯克 (俄罗斯)">泽廖诺多利斯克</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tatarstan"><img alt="Flag of Tatarstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">行政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E8%8C%B2%E5%8D%80" title="阿格雷茲區">阿格雷茲區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%98%87%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%B6%E6%B2%83%E5%8D%80" title="阿克蘇巴耶沃區">阿克蘇巴耶沃區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E5%85%A7%E4%BB%80%E5%8D%80" title="阿克塔內什區">阿克塔內什區</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%A9%E9%A6%AC%E5%8D%80" title="布古利馬區">布古利馬區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%80" title="布因斯克區">布因斯克區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%88%97%E5%A7%86%E5%B0%9A%E5%8D%80" title="切列姆尚區">切列姆尚區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%80" title="奇斯托波爾區">奇斯托波爾區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%89%8E%E8%AB%BE%E6%B2%83%E5%8D%80" title="德羅扎諾沃區">德羅扎諾沃區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%80%B6%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A3%E8%80%B6%E5%8D%80" title="卡姆斯科耶烏斯季耶區">卡姆斯科耶烏斯季耶區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%AF%94%E9%BD%8A%E5%8D%80" title="凱比齊區">凱比齊區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%BA" title="库克莫尔区">库克莫尔区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%88%8D%E6%B2%83%E5%8D%80" title="萊舍沃區">萊舍沃區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E8%AB%BE%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%80" 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title="葉拉布加區">葉拉布加區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%A1%94%E6%89%8E%E5%8D%80" title="尤塔扎區">尤塔扎區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%80" title="扎因斯克區">扎因斯克區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E5%BB%96%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%80" title="澤廖諾多利斯克區">澤廖諾多利斯克區</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%B4%9A%E9%8E%AE" title="市級鎮">市級鎮</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%98%87%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%B6%E6%B2%83" title="阿克蘇巴耶沃">阿克蘇巴耶沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E7%B3%BE%E8%B3%93%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="阿克糾賓斯基">阿克糾賓斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%AC%9D%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%80%B6_(%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="阿列克謝耶夫斯科耶 (韃靼斯坦共和國)">阿列克謝耶夫斯科耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B2%83" title="阿帕斯托沃">阿帕斯托沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF" title="巴爾塔西">巴爾塔西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E8%80%B6%E8%96%A9%E8%B2%9D" title="博加特耶薩貝">博加特耶薩貝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%88%A9%E5%8B%92_(%E5%B8%82%E7%B4%9A%E9%8E%AE)" title="賈利勒 (市級鎮)">賈利勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%B6%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A7" title="卡姆斯基耶波利亞內">卡姆斯基耶波利亞內</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%80%B6%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A3%E8%80%B6" title="卡姆斯科耶烏斯季耶">卡姆斯科耶烏斯季耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80_(%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="卡拉巴什 (韃靼斯坦共和國)">卡拉巴什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%AA%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%89%8E%E9%80%9A" 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