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2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reform period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First World War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1914</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1915" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1915"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1915</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1915-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1916" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1916"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1916</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1916-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1917" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1917"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1917</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1917-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>1918</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Inter-war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Second World War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_France_and_home_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_France_and_home_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Battle of France and home defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_France_and_home_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_and_Burma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_and_Burma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>India and Burma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_and_Burma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_post-war_and_Cold_War_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_post-war_and_Cold_War_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The post-war and Cold War period</span> </div> 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DB%B2_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="لشکر ۲ پیاده (بریتانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لشکر ۲ پیاده (بریتانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_division_d%27infanterie_(Royaume-Uni)" title="2e division d&#039;infanterie (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2e division d&#039;infanterie (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94)" title="הדיוויזיה השנייה (בריטניה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדיוויזיה השנייה (בריטניה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_Infanteriedivisie_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="2e Infanteriedivisie (Verenigd Koninkrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2e Infanteriedivisie (Verenigd Koninkrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.%C2%AA_Divis%C3%A3o_de_Infantaria_(Reino_Unido)" title="2.ª Divisão de Infantaria (Reino Unido) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2.ª Divisão de Infantaria (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="2-я пехотная дивизия (Великобритания) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2-я пехотная дивизия (Великобритания)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2471075#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former British Army unit</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Second World War armoured formation, see, see <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2nd Division</li><li>2nd Infantry Division</li><li>2nd Armoured Division</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="two white crossed keys on a black background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg/220px-British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg/330px-British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg/440px-British_2nd_Infantry_Division.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Divisional_insignia_of_the_British_Army" title="Divisional insignia of the British Army">Divisional insignia</a> used from 1940, until the division was disbanded in 2012.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">Raised and disbanded numerous times between 1809 and 2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inkerman" title="Battle of Inkerman">Battle of Inkerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Redan" title="Battle of the Great Redan">Battle of the Great Redan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colenso" title="Battle of Colenso">Battle of Colenso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaal_Krantz" title="Battle of Vaal Krantz">Battle of Vaal Krantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tugela_Heights" title="Battle of the Tugela Heights">Battle of the Tugela Heights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Battle of Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_Le_Grand_Fayt" title="Rearguard Affair of Le Grand Fayt">Rearguard Affair of Le Grand Fayt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rearguard_Affair_of_Villers-Cotter%C3%AAts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rearguard Affair of Villers-Cotterêts (page does not exist)">Rearguard Affair of Villers-Cotterêts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">First Battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Battle of Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Festubert" title="Battle of Festubert">Battle of Festubert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Defence of Vimy Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delville_Wood" title="Battle of Delville Wood">Battle of Delville Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guillemont" title="Battle of Guillemont">Battle of Guillemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ancre" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ancre">Battle of Ancre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">Attacks on Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Drive on Hindenburg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle_offensive" title="Nivelle offensive">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Battle of Arras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arleux" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Arleux">Battle of Arleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Battle of the Scarpe</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">Second Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albert_(1918)" title="Battle of Albert (1918)">Battle of Albert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Arras (1918)">Battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Havrincourt" title="Battle of Havrincourt">Battle of Havrincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canal_du_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Canal du Nord">Battle of Canal du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">Second Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Selle" title="Battle of the Selle">Battle of the Selle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Belgium">Battle of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Paradis_massacre" title="Le Paradis massacre">Le Paradis massacre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Battle of Dunkirk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942–43">Arakan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Battle of Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Capital" title="Operation Capital">Operation Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meiktila_and_Mandalay" title="Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay">Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dracula" title="Operation Dracula">Operation Dracula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Identification<br />symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Division sign for the British 2nd Division in the First World War"><img alt="Division sign for the British 2nd Division in the First World War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg/100px-2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg/150px-2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg/200px-2nd_Division_sign_WW1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br />Divisional insignia, during the First World War.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>2nd Infantry Division</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> that was formed and disestablished numerous times between 1809 and 2012. It was raised by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley</a> for service in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Coalition Wars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>) as the <b>2nd Division</b>. It was disestablished in 1814, but re-formed the following year for service in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a>. The formation fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a> and played an important role in defeating the final French attack of the day. It then marched into France and became part of the Army of Occupation, and was the only British force allowed to march through Paris. In December 1818, the division was disbanded once again. </p><p>During the mid- to late-19th century, several <a href="/wiki/Military_organization#Commands" title="Military organization">formations</a> bearing the name 2nd Division were formed. Only two such were considered part of the division's lineage by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Everard_Wyrall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Everard Wyrall (page does not exist)">Everard Wyrall</a>, who compiled its <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> history. The first was created in 1854 to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inkerman" title="Battle of Inkerman">Battle of Inkerman</a> and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)">Siege of Sevastopol</a>. In 1856, after the conclusion of hostilities, it was <a href="/wiki/Demobilization" title="Demobilization">stood down</a>. The second incarnation was raised in 1899 for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>. It took part in all the battles that made up the <a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Ladysmith" title="Relief of Ladysmith">Relief of Ladysmith</a>, before advancing into <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boer</a> territory. At the end of 1900, when conventional warfare ended, the division was broken up so its forces could be reassigned to mobile columns or to garrison towns in an effort to combat the Boer <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla tactics</a>. </p><p>The division was re-formed in 1902, but this time as a permanent formation and not on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis for a particular emergency. It was based at <a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a>, in southern England, before the First World War. In 1914 it was deployed to France a few weeks after the start of the war, as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a>. The formation served on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> and suffered heavy casualties. After the war, the division returned to Aldershot where it remained throughout the <a href="/wiki/Inter-war_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-war period">inter-war period</a>. During the Second World War, the formation was again deployed to France in the opening stages of the conflict. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> it was forced back to the port of Dunkirk and <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">evacuated to the United Kingdom</a>. It then <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">served in Burma</a>, and ended the war in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. The division remained within the British <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle" title="Order of battle">order of battle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> years, and formed part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_of_the_Rhine" title="British Army of the Rhine">British Army of the Rhine</a> in Germany. In 1976 the formation was transformed into the <b>2nd Armoured Division</b> and maintained this role until the end of 1982. It was then disbanded in Germany, and the 2nd Division was re-formed in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, England, in 1983. Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and the decrease in the size of the British Army, it was again disbanded; only to be re-raised in the mid-1990s. At the turn of the millennium the division moved to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland, and was most recently disbanded in 2012. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peninsular_War">Peninsular War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Peninsular War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army during the Napoleonic Wars">British Army during the Napoleonic Wars</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and early in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> was largest organised formation used by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> during campaigns. These consisted of two or more <a href="/wiki/Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Battalions">battalions</a> grouped together under the command of a <a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United Kingdom)">major-general</a>, and suited the small size of the army and the operations it conducted. When needed, larger forces were assembled on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis; these included multiple brigades that were grouped into "<a href="/wiki/Line_(formation)" title="Line (formation)">lines</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Column_(formation)" title="Column (formation)">columns</a>". As the army and its operations grew, it implemented <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Military_organization#Commands,_formations,_and_units" title="Military organization">single formation</a> of two or more brigades that was usually commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant general (United Kingdom)">lieutenant-general</a>. The division concept was not new and had been used by other European armies towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years&#39; War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–1763). On 18 June 1809 Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley</a>, commander of British forces in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1810–73)">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, reorganised his force into four divisions: the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_between_1809%E2%80%931909" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909">1st</a>, the 2nd, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd (United Kingdom) Division">3rd</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarshmanAlbuera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarshmanAlbuera.jpg/220px-MarshmanAlbuera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarshmanAlbuera.jpg/330px-MarshmanAlbuera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarshmanAlbuera.jpg/440px-MarshmanAlbuera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>An illustration by J. Marshman depicting the division's <a href="/wiki/57th_(West_Middlesex)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot">1st Battalion, 57th (the West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot</a> during the Battle of Albuera</figcaption></figure> <p>Major-General <a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill,_1st_Viscount_Hill" title="Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill">Rowland Hill</a> was given command of the newly formed 2nd Division, which was around 3,900 men strong. It first saw action at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Battle of Talavera</a> (27–28 July 1809), and suffered 888 casualties over two days of fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1903455,_511–512,_525,_531–535,_544–545,_645,_650–651_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1903455,_511–512,_525,_531–535,_544–545,_645,_650–651-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division, now 10,000-strong and including embedded <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese troops</a>, was present at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Battle of Bussaco</a> on 27 September 1810 but did not see combat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1908359–362,_387,_545,_550_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1908359–362,_387,_545,_550-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By October it was manning <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lines_of_Torres_Vedras" title="Lines of Torres Vedras">Torres Vedra defensive line</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Alhandra,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhandra, Portugal">Alhandra</a>. While French forces skirmished with the division's <a href="/wiki/Picket_(military)" title="Picket (military)">pickets</a>, the main position was not engaged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1908437–442_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1908437–442-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November, Hill, who was suffering from fever, was replaced by Major-General <a href="/wiki/William_Stewart_(1774%E2%80%931827)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Stewart (1774–1827)">William Stewart</a>; one of the division's brigade commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReid200442_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid200442-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Detached from Wellesley's main force, the division missed most of the major battles during the 1811–12 period and acquired the nickname the "Observing Division".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBamford2013205_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamford2013205-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite this, the division was involved in several battles during that period. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albuera" title="Battle of Albuera">Battle of Albuera</a> Stewart received criticism for his handling of the division and ignoring orders. As the division moved to take position alongside engaged <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army_(Peninsular_War)" title="Spanish Army (Peninsular War)">Spanish forces</a>, Stewart ordered his lead brigade to strike the <a href="/wiki/Flank_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flank (military)">flank</a> of the attacking French. Stewart ignored a request by the brigade commander to establish his own flank guard, thus leaving it vulnerable. While the brigade was engaged in this manoeuvre, and concealed by a blinding hailstorm, 800 <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_the_Vistula" title="Legion of the Vistula">Polish lancers</a> had approached the brigade's open flank. The lancers charged into the British flank, inflicting 1,248 casualties, or 75 per cent of the brigade's strength. The total divisional losses in the battle amounted to 2,868.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1911383–383,_399–400,_631_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1911383–383,_399–400,_631-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 28 October 1811 the division&#160;&#8211;&#32;with attached Spanish cavalry&#160;&#8211;&#32;took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_dos_Molinos" title="Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos">Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos</a>, where it captured <a href="/wiki/Arroyomolinos,_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Arroyomolinos, Cáceres">Arroyo dos Molinos</a>, scattered the garrison and took around 1,300 prisoners with a loss of 101 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1911602–605_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1911602–605-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 19 May 1812, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almaraz" title="Battle of Almaraz">Battle of Almaraz</a>, 900 men of the division entered Fort Napoleon by surprise. After a fierce, closely fought battle they forced the garrison to retreat. The fort's guns were used to subdue the garrison of nearby Fort Ragusa, which the division occupied, and then secured an important river crossing over the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>. The fighting resulted in around 400 French casualties, and the division suffered 189 casualties including 37 killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1914326–328_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1914326–328-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In late 1812, while it covered the retreat of coalition forces, the division failed to fully destroy a bridge. This allowed French forces to cross the Tagus faster than anticipated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman192299_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman192299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, on 21 June, the division fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Battle of Vitoria</a>, where it formed part of the British right flank and suffered 1,110 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922400,_419,_422,_439–440,_758_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922400,_419,_422,_439–440,_758-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July the division briefly took part in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pamplona_(1813)" title="Siege of Pamplona (1813)">Siege of Pamplona</a>, before it fought numerous engagements during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Battle of the Pyrenees">Battle of the Pyrenees</a>. The most notable was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maya" title="Battle of Maya">Battle of Maya</a>. During the morning of 25 July 1813 French forces attacked to the south of the division's position. This attracted Stewart's attention, and he left to investigate without leaving instructions or informing anyone where he had gone. Oman wrote Stewart "must also be given the discredit of the very inadequate arrangements that had been made for the defence" of the Maya pass. French troops, who had made use of the terrain, advanced undetected towards the division, attacked, and overran five <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>. The division then conducted several piecemeal <a href="/wiki/Counter-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-attack">counter-attacks</a>. In the afternoon Stewart returned and organised a withdrawal to a new position, fended off new attacks, and ended the day in a strong position that blocked the pass despite having lost possession of it. Despite this, Stewart was ordered to withdraw after dark by Hill, who was now his corps commander. The fighting resulted in the division suffering 1,320 casualties, which also included Stewart who was wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922469,_529,_626–627,_629–638_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922469,_529,_626–627,_629–638-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the rest of July and into August, the division lost a further 516 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922769–772_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922769–772-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division next defended the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> passes at <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a> over the following months, before it fought in several engagements during <a href="/wiki/Campaign_in_south-west_France_(1814)" title="Campaign in south-west France (1814)">the advance into France</a>. These included the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nivelle" title="Battle of Nivelle">Battle of Nivelle</a>, a bloody engagement at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nive#Battle_of_St._Pierre" title="Battle of the Nive">Saint Pierre</a> that cost 903 casualties, and fighting at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orthez" title="Battle of Orthez">Orthez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aire-sur-l%27Adour" title="Aire-sur-l&#39;Adour">Aire-sur-l'Adour</a> with relatively few casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1930118_and_167,_175–176,_227_369,_384,_553,_558_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1930118_and_167,_175–176,_227_369,_384,_553,_558-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division played no further major role in the campaign, which concluded after the capture of <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> on 12 April 1814. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a>, had abdicated following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">capture of Paris</a> on 31 March. With the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> over, the division was broken up. The troops marched to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, where they either returned to the United Kingdom or were transported to North America to take part in the ongoing <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1930496_and_513_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1930496_and_513-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterloo">Waterloo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Waterloo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg/220px-Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg/330px-Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg/440px-Sir_Frederick_Adam_by_William_Salter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2974" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of Frederick Adam, commander of the division's light brigade during the Battle of Waterloo, by <a href="/wiki/William_Salter_(artist)" title="William Salter (artist)">William Salter</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the war, British and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanoverian</a> troops moved into the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> (previously <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a>), as part of an Anglo-<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> effort to secure the territory while they awaited a political outcome at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>. Lieutenant-General Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1771)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1771)">Henry Clinton</a> arrived in late 1814 to command and train these forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201511–22,_31_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201511–22,_31-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 11 April 1815, after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a> upon Napoleon's return to power, elements of this force became the 2nd Division under Clinton's command. This force comprised one brigade of British light infantry and <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Brigade_(The_Prince_Consort%27s_Own)" title="Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort&#39;s Own)">riflemen</a>, one brigade of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_German_Legion" title="King&#39;s German Legion">King's German Legion</a> (KGL)&#160;&#8211;&#32;a British unit consisting mainly of expatriate German troops, and one brigade of recently raised Hanoverian <i><a href="/wiki/Landwehr" title="Landwehr">Landwehr</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a>, on 18 June 1815, the division formed part of Hill's <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="II Corps (United Kingdom)">2nd Corps</a>. The division's 6,450 men started the day in <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">reserve</a> and protected the right flank of the British position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900347_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900347-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46,_165_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46,_165-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the afternoon, when <a href="/wiki/Tirailleurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirailleurs">French skirmishers</a> attacked British cannons, the division's light infantry brigade&#160;&#8211;&#32;under the command of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Adam" title="Frederick Adam">Frederick Adam</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;moved forward to drive them back and protect the guns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015128_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015128-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Afterwards, it and the KGL brigade advanced to a position behind <a href="/wiki/Hougoumont" title="Hougoumont">Château d'Hougoumont</a>, an important tactical strongpoint in front of the British line. Formed into <a href="/wiki/Infantry_square" title="Infantry square">infantry squares</a> and under fire from French skirmishers, the brigades assisted in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">château</a>'s defence, and fired at French cavalry attacking other British forces. The KGL brigade also fended off several direct cavalry attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900340–342,_467–470_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900340–342,_467–470-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014151–153_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014151–153-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Around 19:30 the final French attack began when the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)" title="Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)">Imperial Guard</a>'s Middle Guard advanced on the British right flank and engaged the <a href="/wiki/Foot_guards#United_Kingdom" title="Foot guards">British Foot Guard regiments</a>. Adam responded by wheeling his brigade left into a line to face the French flank. His troops, particularly the <a href="/wiki/52nd_(Oxfordshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot">52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot</a>, fired <a href="/wiki/Volley_fire" title="Volley fire">volleys</a> into the French in a fierce firefight, and then charged. This, in conjunction with the resistance of the British foot guards, halted the French attack and caused the Middle Guard to retreat. With Hanoverian troops covering their flank, Adam's brigade advanced after the French before a general advance by the Anglo–Dutch army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900473,_529,_531–536_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900473,_529,_531–536-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014189–191_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014189–191-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With the French in retreat, the Hanoverian and KGL troops cleared the woods around the Château d'Hougoumont, while other elements of the Hanoverian brigade advanced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014194_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014194-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Adam's brigade, with one Hanoverian battalion in support, advanced towards the <a href="/wiki/La_Belle_Alliance" title="La Belle Alliance">La Belle Alliance</a> inn, the centre of the French position. Near the inn, Imperial Guard units, including elements of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_(France)" title="Old Guard (France)">Old Guard</a>, had formed a square as a rearguard. Adam's troops engaged them and forced them to retreat. They halted at dusk, which heralded the close of the battle, during which the division had suffered 1,563 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900553,_556,_558,_564–565_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900553,_556,_558,_564–565-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014192–194_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014192–194-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015165_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015165-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the battle, the division marched into France with the rest of the coalition force. It arrived at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a>, on the outskirts of Paris, on 1 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900659,_683,_688,_696,_704,_716,_732,_748_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900659,_683,_688,_696,_704,_716,_732,_748-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Six days later, Adam's brigade entered Paris and marched along the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>, the only British troops to enter the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoorsom1860270–271_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoorsom1860270–271-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In October the Army of Occupation was formed and included the 2nd Division. By the end of the year the German elements of the division had left, and a newly formed British brigade had replaced them. Clinton remained in command of the division until it and the Army of Occupation were disbanded in December 1818, when they left France for the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015199–200_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015199–200-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victorian_Era">Victorian Era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Victorian Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Victorian_Era" title="British Army during the Victorian Era">British Army during the Victorian Era</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_formations_during_the_Victorian-era" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British Army formations during the Victorian-era">List of British Army formations during the Victorian-era</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Everard_Wyrall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Everard Wyrall (page does not exist)">Everard Wyrall</a>, the official historian of the 2nd Division during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, described the division's lineage as including the Peninsular War, the Battle of Waterloo, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axi–xii_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axi–xii-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Outside of this lineage, other 2nd Divisions were raised during the 19th century, each on an ad hoc basis. A 1,250-strong 2nd Division was organised in 1851 under <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> George Mackinnon, during the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Xhosa_War" title="Eighth Xhosa War">Eighth Xhosa War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis190667_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis190667-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1857 an expeditionary force was formed from the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_armies" title="Presidency armies">Indian Army</a> for service in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a>. The force contained a 2nd Division, which was under the command of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Robert Napier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1926192–194_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1926192–194-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Major-General <a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_Carey" title="George Jackson Carey">George Jackson Carey</a> took command of a 2nd Division, which was around 10,000 men strong and had been formed in September 1871 solely for training manoeuvres in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner190555_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner190555-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1879 Major-General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Newdegate" title="Edward Newdegate">Edward Newdegate</a> commanded a 2nd Division during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the 1882 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian War</a>, Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bruce_Hamley" title="Edward Bruce Hamley">Edward Bruce Hamley</a> commanded another newly established 2nd Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1905236–237_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1905236–237-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimean_War">Crimean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Crimean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg/220px-Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg/330px-Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg/440px-Louis-william-desanges-private-john-mcdermond-1832-1868-vc-47th-the-lancashire-r...T....Ember-1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of Private <a href="/wiki/John_McDermond" title="John McDermond">John McDermond</a> saving his commanding officer, Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_O%27Grady_Haly" title="William O&#39;Grady Haly">William O'Grady Haly</a>, during the Battle of Inkerman by <a href="/wiki/Louis_William_Desanges" title="Louis William Desanges">Louis William Desanges</a>. This action resulted in McDermond's being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 March 1854, in support of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the British and the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> declared war on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. Anglo-French forces landed at <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a>, to be in a position to defend <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> if needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyle2004127–129_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyle2004127–129-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In mid-June the British force advanced to <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman Bulgaria</a>. At Varna they were reorganised into divisions, and the expeditionary force suffered from a <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarthorp1980155_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarthorp1980155-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowden199116_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowden199116-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonting200672_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonting200672-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/George_de_Lacy_Evans" title="George de Lacy Evans">George de Lacy Evans</a> was given command of the division, which was around 3,500 men strong, on 20 June. <a href="/wiki/Clive_Ponting" title="Clive Ponting">Clive Ponting</a>, a historian, described him as "the only British commander with even the remotest experience of European war", based on his service in the Peninsular War and Spanish <a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a> of the 1830s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200262_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200262-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonting200653,_145_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonting200653,_145-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During this period, British strategic policy was to destroy the Russian <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> based at <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> to end the war and carry out long-term British goals. The French also adopted this immediate goal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert2016119–121_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016119–121-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 September the Anglo-French expeditionary landed north of Sevastopol. They marched south and encountered the Russians at the <a href="/wiki/Alma_(Crimea)" title="Alma (Crimea)">Alma River</a>, which blocked further progress. Communication between the British and French was poor, and the British expeditionary force's commander did not communicate the overall battle plan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonting200689,_94_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonting200689,_94-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 20 September the division formed the right wing of the British advance with the French on their right. In the afternoon, it attacked across the river, fended off a counter-attack, and pushed the Russians from their positions, suffering 498 casualties during the day including Evans who was wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200262_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200262-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPonting200694_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPonting200694-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The advance resumed on 23 September, and the expeditionary force <a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">surrounded</a> the Russian port in October. This began the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)">Siege of Sevastopol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake2006169–170_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake2006169–170-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 26 October the division fended off a Russian attack, and inflicted around 270 casualties for 100 of their own. During this action, Evans was injured when he fell from his horse, and Major-General <a href="/wiki/John_Pennefather" title="John Pennefather">John Pennefather</a>, one of his brigade commanders, replaced him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake200682_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake200682-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 5 November, under heavy fog, the 2nd Division was assailed by an overwhelming Russian force and played an important role during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inkerman" title="Battle of Inkerman">Battle of Inkerman</a>. Pennefather ordered his force to counter-attack, and they inflicted heavy losses on the Russians that saw close range bayonet fighting. The division continued to fight throughout the day following subsequent Russian attacks and suffered at least 744 casualties, including 194 killed. Although the battle ended in an Allied victory, it created the conditions that dragged the siege on through the winter into 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner200175–79Ffrench_Blake200686–94,_98–101Raugh2004187_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner200175–79Ffrench_Blake200686–94,_98–101Raugh2004187-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the city had been subjected to several major cannonades, the division launched several failed attacks on Russian defensive positions, leading up to, and including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Redan" title="Battle of the Great Redan">Battle of the Great Redan</a> in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2001150–152_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2001150–152-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards2006152_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards2006152-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This marked the division's final effort of the campaign. The expeditionary force remained in the Crimea until the war ended in 1856, after which the army demobilised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake2006143–144,_150–151_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFfrench_Blake2006143–144,_150–151-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemchak2011127_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemchak2011127-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Boer_War">Second Boer War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Second Boer War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71) the British Army reviewed and attempted to implement a similar organisation to that used by the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a>. The resultant 1875 mobilisation scheme called for twenty-four divisions spread across eight army corps. These formations did not exist, and the scheme looked for scattered units to coalesce in a time of crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFurse18839–11_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFurse18839–11-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Second Boer War broke out on 11 October 1899, after tensions rose between the British Empire and the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaugh200451_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaugh200451-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In response, and to reinforce their military presence in southern Africa, the British Government mobilised the <a href="/wiki/Natal_Field_Force" title="Natal Field Force">Natal Field Force</a>. This force, also known as the First Army Corps, corresponded with the I<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Corps of the 1875 mobilisation scheme, and include the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlop193872_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlop193872-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900bChart_of_Staff_Appointments_Made_at_the_Commencement_of_the_War_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900bChart_of_Staff_Appointments_Made_at_the_Commencement_of_the_War-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On mobilisation, the 2nd Division consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="Highland Brigade (United Kingdom)">3rd (Highland)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">4th Brigade</a>, and was commanded by Major-General <a href="/wiki/Francis_Clery" title="Francis Clery">Francis Clery</a>. Before the division arrived in southern Africa, the Boers invaded the British <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> colonies, and besieged <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ladysmith,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal">Ladysmith</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b52,_66,_136,_160_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b52,_66,_136,_160-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As there was no strategic plan in place for the use of the First Army Corps, it was used piecemeal as it arrived. The Highland Brigade was assigned to the Kimberley relief column, while the 4th Brigade was dispatched to Natal to <a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Ladysmith" title="Relief of Ladysmith">relieve Ladysmith</a>. Clery, promoted to lieutenant-general, arrived at <a href="/wiki/Frere,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Frere, KwaZulu-Natal">Frere</a>, south of the Ladysmith, on 2 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKochanski201361_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKochanski201361-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_Paget00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sidney_Paget00.jpg/220px-Sidney_Paget00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sidney_Paget00.jpg/330px-Sidney_Paget00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Sidney_Paget00.jpg/440px-Sidney_Paget00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a>'s <i>Saving the guns at Colenso</i> depicts a key event of the battle that resulted in several Victoria Crosses being awarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b200_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b200-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The 2nd Division swelled to include four brigades, seven mounted infantry companies, engineers, and artillery. This force totalled 16,000 men and 44 artillery pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b52,_66,_136,_160_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b52,_66,_136,_160-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911310_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911310-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Clery intended to use this force to push across the <a href="/wiki/Tugela_River" title="Tugela River">Tugela River</a>, punch through the entrenched Boer positions on the opposite bank and relieve Ladysmith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b160,_190_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900b160,_190-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colenso" title="Battle of Colenso">Battle of Colenso</a> this effort was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901190–192_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901190–192-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Before the fighting, an artillery battery had moved close to the river and the Boer positions. This resulted in many of the crew being rendered casualties once the Boer onslaught started. <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Redvers_Buller" title="Redvers Buller">Redvers Buller</a>, commander of the First Army Corps, was present at the battle and had left Clery to command. Once the artillery became endangered, Buller asserted himself. He ordered the guns retrieved, and the withdrawal of the division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911312–314_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911312–314-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the fighting, Clery's command suffered 1,127–1,138 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911314_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911314-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992250_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992250-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Colenso was one of a string of defeats that the British suffered in a one-week period, which became known as <a href="/wiki/Black_Week" title="Black Week">Black Week</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurice1906380_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurice1906380-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In January 1900 the force was reorganised so that the 2nd Division comprised just the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">2nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">5th Brigades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901248_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901248-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 6 January the division bombarded Boer positions at Colenso.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911320_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaxwell1911320-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Two days later the 2nd and the <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">5th Divisions</a> took part in the second attempt to relieve Ladysmith. On 18 January the division crossed the river near <a href="/wiki/Winterton,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Winterton, KwaZulu-Natal">Springfield</a> and outflanked Colenso to the west. It then fought two subsequent actions: one the next day, the other on 22 January.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1906228_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1906228-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901254–255_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901254–255-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The advance resulted in defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop" title="Battle of Spion Kop">Battle of Spion Kop</a>, although the division did not take part in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992298,_308,_311,_320_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992298,_308,_311,_320-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 5 February, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaal_Krantz" title="Battle of Vaal Krantz">Battle of Vaal Krantz</a>, the 2nd Division established a bridgehead across the Tugela. Buller denied Clery's request for approval to further advance, and the Boers seized the high ground and penned the division against the river. The position was held, under artillery fire, until 7 February when the division was withdrawn after suffering 290 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901267–276_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901267–276-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900a93Creswicke1900b123_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900a93Creswicke1900b123-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division next saw action on 17 February at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Tugela_Heights" title="Battle of the Tugela Heights">Battle of the Tugela Heights</a>, where it captured a strategically important hill with the loss of 170 men. Further actions were fought on 24 and 26–27 February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901284–285,_289,_291_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901284–285,_289,_291-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Battle of the Tugela Heights saw the Boers defeated, and the siege of Ladysmith lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901292–294_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901292–294-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division rested in Natal until May, then spearheaded Buller's corps advance to the South African Republic capital of <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>. It arrived near <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, south of Pretoria, in the first week of July and linked up with the main British force that had already arrived following their advance from Kimberley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901389,_431–433,_495–496_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901389,_431–433,_495–496-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division moved east and fought an action on 8 August and then occupied <a href="/wiki/Amersfoort,_Mpumalanga" title="Amersfoort, Mpumalanga">Amersfoort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901496_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901496-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Four days later the division took the surrender of a 182-strong Boer <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901496_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901496-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Along with the rest of the main British force, it advanced farther east in pursuit of Boer commandos who had retreated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901497–501_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConan_Doyle1901497–501-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This marked the end of the conventional stage of warfare, as the Boers adopted <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992408_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992408-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During this period, the main British force had employed looting and burning farms as a tactic; Buller forbade his troops from doing similar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992480_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPakenham1992480-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division moved back to guard the <a href="/wiki/Lines_of_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Lines of communication">lines of communication</a>, and was then spread out between Ladysmith and <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_Gauteng" title="Heidelberg, Gauteng">Heidelberg</a>, near Johannesburg, during September. By the end of 1900 the field divisions had been broken up to disperse the troops to garrison towns and create more mobile forces to counter the new Boer tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke190198,_138_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke190198,_138-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reform_period">Reform period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Reform period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the lessons learnt from the war, which included the army's failings in the opening months, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_John_Brodrick,_1st_Earl_of_Midleton" title="St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton">St John Brodrick</a>, set out to reform the standing army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatre1976117_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatre1976117-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He intended to create six army corps, three of which would be composed of permanent standing formations that consisted of the army's regulars. They would be ready for immediate dispatch in light of an imperial crisis or in the event of European war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatre1976121_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatre1976121-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1902 three corps were formed that would allow up to nine divisions, each of two brigades, to be created. This included the 2nd Division formed on 1 April 1902, under the command of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._H._Douglas" title="Charles W. H. Douglas">Charles Douglas</a>. The division consisted of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="3rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">3rd</a> and the 4th Brigades, and was based in <a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a>. The division was part of the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="I Corps (United Kingdom)">1st Army Corps</a>, of only two divisions (the 3rd Division would be mobilised in the event of war).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlop1938218–219_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlop1938218–219-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1907 the <a href="/wiki/Haldane_Reforms" title="Haldane Reforms">Haldane Reforms</a> further restructured the regular army into six infantry divisions, each with three brigades. These would form the basis of any <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) that would be dispatched to Europe in the case of war. This included the 2nd Division, which then consisted of the 4th (Guards), the 5th, and the <a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">6th</a> Brigades. The 1st and the 2nd Divisions were allocated to <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Command" title="Aldershot Command">Aldershot Command</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">military district</a> based at Aldershot. On the outbreak of war, Aldershot Command would form the nucleus of a new I Corps, which would then be dispatched with the BEF.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlop1938245,_262ff_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlop1938245,_262ff-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 2nd Division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Army_Manoeuvres_of_1912" title="Army Manoeuvres of 1912">Army Manoeuvres of 1912</a> and <a href="/wiki/Army_Manoeuvres_of_1913" title="Army Manoeuvres of 1913">1913</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitmarsh2007337,_343_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitmarsh2007337,_343-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1914">1914</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: 1914"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg/220px-Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg/330px-Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg/440px-Monro_inspecting_2nd_division.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Major-General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Monro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet">Charles Munro</a>, commanding officer of the division during 1914, inspects his men as they march through a village.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 July 1914 the First World War began and a week later <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Germany invaded Belgium</a>, and the British Empire entered the war against the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECookStevenson2005121_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECookStevenson2005121-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The same day, reservists were called-up and ordered to join the division to bring it up to full strength.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axii–xiv,_19_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axii–xiv,_19-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The war establishment of each of the BEF's divisions was 18,179 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecke2007126–127_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecke2007126–127-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This process took until 9 August. Three days later, the majority of the division embarked ships at <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> and began landing at <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> the following day. By 21 August the division had fully arrived in France and had assembled on the Belgian border along with the rest of the BEF.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axii–xiv,_19_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axii–xiv,_19-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next day, the BEF advanced into Belgium with the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Army (France)">French Fifth Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a21_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a21-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The divisional reconnaissance elements made contact with German forces on 23 August on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>. This resulted in the division's first casualties of the war, as well as the first of eighteen <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> that would be earned by members of the division during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a23_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a23-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b738_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b738-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While II<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Corps saw the brunt of the fighting during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Battle of Mons</a>, the division entrenched around 5 miles (8.0&#160;km) south of the city and contended with shellfire and false reports of German movements. At nightfall, following a strategic reverse, the division and the BEF were ordered to retreat; a move known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a24–26_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a24–26-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forced to abandon large quantities of supplies, the division withdrew and fought several rearguard actions. These included fighting at <a href="/wiki/Landrecies" title="Landrecies">Landrecies</a>, France, on 25 August; the <a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_Le_Grand_Fayt" title="Rearguard Affair of Le Grand Fayt">rearguard affair of Le Grand Fayt</a> the following day; and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rearguard_Actions_of_Villers-Cotter%C3%AAts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rearguard Actions of Villers-Cotterêts (page does not exist)">rearguard actions of Villers-Cotterêts</a> on 1 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a27–40,_46–47_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a27–40,_46–47-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After a 236-mile (380&#160;km) retreat, the division arrived at <a href="/wiki/Fontenay-Tr%C3%A9signy" title="Fontenay-Trésigny">Fontenay</a>, near Paris, on 5 September. Owing to a strategic change in the Anglo-French and German dispositions, the BEF was ordered to counter-attack during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a51–56_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a51–56-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With the exception of skirmishing, the division saw little fighting. They advanced after the retreating Germans, who had been defeated largely by the French.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a56–60_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a56–60-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division fought several actions against German rearguards during early September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a62–65,_68–69_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a62–65,_68–69-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It then fought in the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">First Battle of the Aisne</a>, which saw the first trench networks begun. It suffered 843 casualties and upwards of 1,000 more were recorded as <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">missing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a74,_89,_97_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a74,_89,_97-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a>, which now saw both sides entrenched within extensive networks, the division fought numerous actions. In five weeks of battle, the division suffered 5,769 casualties and was reduced to 11,500 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a101,_110,_131,_139,_151,_159,_169_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a101,_110,_131,_139,_151,_159,_169-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This brought the division's total casualties in 1914 to 10,069.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200749_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200749-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the rest of the year, the division rested, refitted, undertook training, manned and repaired trenches, and engaged in mutual artillery bombardments. On 3 December the division was reviewed by <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George&#160;V</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> (the future <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward&#160;VIII</a>). The latter returned to stay with the division later in the month, for two days, and reviewed troops in the trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a169–173_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a169–173-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1915">1915</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: 1915"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg/220px-Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg/330px-Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg/440px-Ox_and_buck_snipers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Snipers from the <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_and_Buckinghamshire_Light_Infantry" title="Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry">Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry</a> on the front line <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1914–15</span></figcaption></figure> <p>During February 1915 the division <a href="/wiki/Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915" title="Winter operations 1914–1915">launched minor attacks</a> and captured several German positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a178–183_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a178–183-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trench_raiding" title="Trench raiding">Trench raids</a> followed, until the 2nd Division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Battle of Neuve Chapelle</a> in March, and suffered over 600 casualties. Trench raids were sandwiched between the division's activities in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Festubert" title="Battle of Festubert">Battle of Festubert</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;in May, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a> (September–October).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a180,_196_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a180,_196-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The bloody fighting of the former saw minor advances made, heavy casualties inflicted on the Germans, and a further 5,446 divisional casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a213_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a213-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At Loos the division <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">deployed chemical weapons</a> for the first time. Due to light wind the gas clouds hung along the division's line. The first day's attack had mixed results, and ranged from an attack that stalled as soon as the men left their trenches, to sections of the German first line of trenches being captured. Afterwards, minor attacks were launched and German counter-attacks fended off. By the end of the battle the division had lost 3,400 men with the majority inflicted on the first day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a223–243_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a223–243-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1916">1916</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: 1916"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1916 the division played a minor defensive role during the <a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">German attack on Vimy Ridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a253–254_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a253–254-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The next major action came during the summer of 1916, when the division fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a>, in particular the Battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delville_Wood" title="Battle of Delville Wood">Delville Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guillemont" title="Battle of Guillemont">Guillemont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ancre" title="Battle of the Ancre">Ancre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a263_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a263-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division entered the offensive on 26 July to retake Deville Wood, which had been captured and then lost to a German counter-attack. In a two-day battle the division cleared the wood. It fended off several German counter-attacks over the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a270–273,_279–280,_282_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a270–273,_279–280,_282-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 30 July the division launched an attack to capture <a href="/wiki/Guillemont" title="Guillemont">Guillemont</a> and the nearby Falfemont Farm. these actions met with mixed results. After five days of fighting, by 31 July, the division had suffered over 3,000 casualties and reported that only one battalion was ready for further offensive operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a283–285_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a283–285-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division remained on the line, subject to heavy shelling and trench raids, before it renewed efforts to take Guillemont on 8 August. This effort, alongside the <a href="/wiki/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Division" title="55th (West Lancashire) Division">55th&#160;(West Lancashire) Division</a>, lasted through 9 August and failed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a286–287,_290–293_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a286–287,_290–293-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division was relieved and moved to a different sector of the front. It engaged in mutual bombardments and trench raids.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a294–304_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a294–304-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 13 November the Battle of Ancre began and was the final stage of the Somme fighting. The division assisted in the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Beaumont-Hamel" title="Capture of Beaumont-Hamel">Capture of Beaumont-Hamel</a>, and suffered almost 3,000 casualties. With the conclusion of the Somme offensive, the division was withdrawn from the line for rest and to train.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a326_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921a326-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1917">1917</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: 1917"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the opening months of 1917 the division conducted <a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">trench raids and minor attacks in the Ancre Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b357–365,_377_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b357–365,_377-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 16 March the Germans <a href="/wiki/Operation_Alberich" title="Operation Alberich">undertook a planned</a> retreat to the <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_Line" title="Hindenburg Line">Hindenburg Line</a>, and the division advanced after them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b390–391_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b390–391-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April the division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Battle of Arras</a>, the British part of the <a href="/wiki/Nivelle_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivelle Offensive">Nivelle offensive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b405_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b405-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In particular, the division fought between 27 and 29 April, in the Battle of Arleux, and between 3 and 4 May in the Battle of the Scarpe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b418–420,_428,_437,_444_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b418–420,_428,_437,_444-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After a period of rest and training the division returned to the frontline and re-engaged in trench warfare. In October the additions to the division were put through intensive musketry training to bring them up the standard of the remaining pre-war regulars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b448,_454_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b448,_454-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division started to enter the trenches on the front, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a> on 27 November. On the tenth day of the battle, 30 November, the division fought in a defensive action against a determined German counter-attack. Results of the fighting were mixed: some units held their positions, and others were forced back up to 300 yards (270&#160;m). During the fighting, one battery of eight machine-guns fired 70,000 rounds and another two batteries fired 100,000 between them. The division suffered around 2,000 casualties during the day, and included the entire D<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Company of the 13th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Essex_Regiment" title="Essex Regiment">Essex Regiment</a> being killed or taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b478,_484–485,_498,_500_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b478,_484–485,_498,_500-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the remainder of the year, the division manned the front and engaged in trench warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b515_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b515-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Total casualties for 1917 amounted to 8,770.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b711_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b711-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1918">1918</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg/220px-1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg/330px-1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg/440px-1st_Royal_Berkshires_2nd_Division_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Men from the division's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Regiment" title="Royal Berkshire Regiment">Royal Berkshire Regiment</a>, going into action on 21 August 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1918 the number of front-line infantry within the British Army in France had decreased because of casualties and a lack of eligible reinforcements, leading to a manpower crisis. To consolidate manpower and to increase the ratio of machine guns and artillery support available to the infantry, the number of battalions in a division was reduced from twelve to nine; with each brigade being reduced from four to three battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry198826–28_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry198826–28-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrow2005239_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrow2005239-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This reduced the establishment of a division from 18,825 men to 16,035.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry198826_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry198826-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the 2nd Division, this change took place in February when three battalions were disbanded. The troops from one were redistributed to other units within the division, while the others left. Major-General <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Pereira" title="Cecil Pereira">Cecil Pereira</a>, the division's commander during this period, said "The old soldiers who have survived many a fight are very hard hit by this."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the opening months of the year, the division again manned the frontline. Its last week in the line, which ended on 20 March, saw the division suffer 3,000 casualties from the German use of gas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 March Germany launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael">Operation Michael</a>. This attack, which became the opening salvo of their <a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">spring offensive</a>, aimed to deliver a single, decisive, war-winning blow. The Germans intended to strike the southern British flank, to separate the British and French armies and then move north to engage the bulk of the British forces in France in a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_annihilation" title="Battle of annihilation">battle of annihilation</a>. The aim was to inflict such a defeat upon the British that the country would abandon the war, which in turn would force the French to sue for peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005716–718_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005716–718-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a result, the greatly weakened division reentered the line on 21 March and engaged in heavy fighting through April. When the division was relieved on 4 April it had suffered 4,000 casualties and been reduced to a fighting strength of around 6,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543,_550,_560,_587,_590_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543,_550,_560,_587,_590-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wyrall wrote, "fighting divisions with such fine records as that held by the 2nd Division were not allowed long out of the line".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b590–591_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b590–591-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Consequently, the division returned to the frontline by 15 April, and was soon engaged in more back and forth fighting. By 6 June the German offensive had ended. The division rebuilt its strength, trained, and tutored newly arrived <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">American troops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b590–591,_600–601_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b590–591,_600–601-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 August the Allied armies launched the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Battle of Amiens</a> that began the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a>, the culminating offensive of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessenger2008xx_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessenger2008xx-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 21 August the division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albert_(1918)" title="Battle of Albert (1918)">Third Battle of Albert</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">Second Battle of the Somme</a>, and liberated several villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b605,_615,_622,_624,_629_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b605,_615,_622,_624,_629-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This was followed by fighting at Arras, between 2–3 September, and then an advance to the <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Nord" title="Canal du Nord">Canal du Nord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b635,_643_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b635,_643-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the course of the rest of the month, the division took part in preliminary operations for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Havrincourt" title="Battle of Havrincourt">Battle of Havrincourt</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Canal_du_Nord" title="Battle of the Canal du Nord">Battle of the Canal du Nord</a>. In October the division fought at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">Second Battle of Cambrai</a> and liberated the village of <a href="/wiki/Forenville" title="Forenville">Forenville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b645,_647,_654,_656,_669_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b645,_647,_654,_656,_669-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By this point of the offensive, divisional casualties had reached 3,900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b675_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b675-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Selle" title="Battle of the Selle">Battle of the Selle</a> followed, between 17 and 25 October, and the division reached the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/For%C3%AAt_de_Mormal" title="Forêt de Mormal">Forêt de Mormal</a>. Wyrall noted that some of the division's old hands had last marched through this forest in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b676,_688–689_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b676,_688–689-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division carried out its last trench raid of the war on 1 November, before it moved into reserve and ended the war near <a href="/wiki/Le_Quesnoy" title="Le Quesnoy">Le Quesnoy</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecke200747_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecke200747-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b691–692_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b691–692-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Casualties in the final year of the war amounted to 10,201.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b711_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b711-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Don Farr, a historian, wrote the division had "an excellent reputation" and continued "to be rated as one of the BEF's best" throughout the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200749_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200749-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inter-war_period">Inter-war period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Inter-war period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the conclusion of fighting, the division advanced into Germany to join the occupation force, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_of_the_Rhine" title="British Army of the Rhine">British Army of the Rhine</a>. It entered Germany on 9 December and arrived between <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> on 27 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecke200747_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecke200747-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 17 February 1919 the division was demobilised. The six regular army battalions within the division, along with the artillery and one engineer unit, were ordered home. The division, with the troops remaining in Germany, was re-designated as the <a href="/wiki/Light_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Division (United Kingdom)">Light Division</a> and the 2nd Division ceased to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b695_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b695-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 28 June 1919 the 2nd Division was re-formed in Aldershot, and included the same brigades as before the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_France_and_home_defence">Battle of France and home defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Battle of France and home defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 September 1939 the UK declared war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, in response to the German <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>. The division landed at <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville" title="Cherbourg-Octeville">Cherbourg</a> on 21 September 1939 and arrived on the Franco–Belgian border on 3 October. Along with the three other divisions of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">BEF</a>, it was based east of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis195415–17_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis195415–17-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the rest of the year and into 1940, the division trained and assisted in the construction of <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)#Military_use" title="Earthworks (engineering)">field fortifications</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Fraser_(British_Army_officer)" title="David Fraser (British Army officer)">David Fraser</a>, a historian and former British general, wrote that the regular formations of the BEF were well-trained in small arms, but lacked tactical skill. Though mobile, the formations lacked specialist weapons, ammunition, spare parts, and communication equipment because of the budget cuts of the inter-war period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199928–29_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199928–29-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map of the various Belgian, British, and French forces in May 1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/400px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/600px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/800px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 May 1940 Germany <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Belgium">invaded Belgium</a>. In response Anglo–French armies moved into Belgium in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/French_war_planning_1920%E2%80%931940" title="French war planning 1920–1940">Dyle Plan</a>. The division reached the <a href="/wiki/Dyle_(river)" title="Dyle (river)">River Dyle</a> without difficulties. Although the division achieved tactical success in its first action on 15 May, strategic developments forced the BEF withdraw the next day. The division retreated 40 miles (64&#160;km) within 27 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis195423,_39,_46,_63_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis195423,_39,_46,_63-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199930,_55–57_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199930,_55–57-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As the strategic situation grew worse, several divisions were ordered to form a cordon around the BEF's line of retreat. The <a href="/wiki/La_Bass%C3%A9e" title="La Bassée">La Bassée</a> Canal and the river <a href="/wiki/Aa_(France)" title="Aa (France)">Aa</a>, in France, were the only defensible positions that covered the BEF's southern and western flank. The 2nd Division defended part of the canal and engaged in several actions on 25–26 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199963–64_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199963–64-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1954146,_175–176_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1954146,_175–176-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 26 May, with the majority of the BEF bound within a closing perimeter on the French coast and lacking the ability to hold the position, the decision was made to <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">evacuate from Dunkirk</a>, the only remaining port in British hands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199967–69_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199967–69-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 2nd Division was ordered to maintain its position at the canal, to allow other formations to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1954189–190_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1954189–190-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Sebag-Montefiore" title="Hugh Sebag-Montefiore">Hugh Sebag-Montefiore</a>, a historian, wrote this was "the most difficult assignment handed to any unit in the BEF" and that the difficulty of this task "can be gauged by the small number of soldiers who returned home".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006279_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006279-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 28 May, the 2nd Division was assailed by the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="3rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">3rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/7th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">7th Panzer Divisions</a>, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_SS_Panzer_Division_Totenkopf" title="3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf">SS Division <i>Totenkopf</i></a>, and also came under air attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1954189–190_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1954189–190-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006293–297_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006293–297-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The heavy fighting saw the 2nd Division reduced from 13,000 men to around 2,500, those who were not killed were taken prisoner by the Germans. By the time the 5th Brigade's 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Cameron_Highlanders" title="Queen&#39;s Own Cameron Highlanders">Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders</a> was evacuated, it had been reduced to 79 men. To this point in the campaign, this was the highest number of casualties suffered by a single battalion within the BEF.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006293–297_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006293–297-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollier196174_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollier196174-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the fighting had ended, 97 members of the 2nd Division were murdered in the <a href="/wiki/Le_Paradis_massacre" title="Le Paradis massacre">Le Paradis massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006297_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESebag-Montefiore2006297-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Ellis" title="Lionel Ellis">Lionel Ellis</a>, who wrote the volume focused on the BEF in France for the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Second_World_War" title="History of the Second World War">History of the Second World War</a>, stated the division "had indeed sacrificed itself to keep open the line of retirement", delayed the Germans, and ensured French formations were not trapped.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1954190–191_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1954190–191-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the night of 28–29 May, the division withdrew into the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> perimeter, from where it evacuated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1954210_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1954210-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERissik201221_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERissik201221-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On returning to England the division was dispatched to <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>. Through April 1942, the division was assigned to the defence of the county. It was also rebuilt, trained, and assisted in coastal defence duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERissik2012161_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERissik2012161-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeffreys200524_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeffreys200524-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 15 April the 16,000-strong division left the UK. It had been intended that the division to reinforce the British <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">Eighth Army</a> in the North African <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert (Egypt)">Western Desert</a>. In May the convoy was ordered to sail for <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> because of <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">increasing civil tension</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–3_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–3-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_and_Burma">India and Burma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: India and Burma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_Burma_1945_SE3809.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Men from the division's 7th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_Regiment" title="Worcestershire Regiment">Worcestershire Regiment</a>, display a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Good_Luck_Flag" title="Good Luck Flag">Good Luck Flag</a> captured on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Popa" title="Mount Popa">Mount Popa</a> during the mop-up operations that took place after the capture of Mandalay.</figcaption></figure> <p>The division arrived in July 1942, and was based initially at <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Poona</a> before it established itself at <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340_159-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoslen200340-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20132_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20132-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In Asia, following the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>'s entry into the war in December 1941 and the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma campaign 1942–43">Burma campaign</a> was the primary theatre of operations where British forces were engaged against those of Japan. Because of the logistical issues at the time, the division could not be employed in Burma. Instead, the division formed part of the British strategic reserve in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20132_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20132-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004130,_235_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004130,_235-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">German advance</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the 2nd and the 5th Divisions were selected to be deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> if German forces entered the Middle East. Concurrently, an Axis advance into Egypt was stopped at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a>, in July 1942. In August the two divisions were again offered as reinforcements to move into the Middle East. No move was undertaken, as a result of the defeat of the Axis forces at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a> (October and November 1942). This battle followed the defeat of German forces during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a> (August 1942 – February 1943), removed the threat to the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlayfairFlynnMolonyGleave2004364–366_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairFlynnMolonyGleave2004364–366-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004248–249_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004248–249-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVail_Motter19524_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVail_Motter19524-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 1942 the division's 6th Infantry Brigade was detached and assigned to several <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> formations, and fought in the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942%E2%80%9343" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942–43">Arakan Campaign</a> in Burma. It returned to the division in June 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoslen2003240–241_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoslen2003240–241-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2nd Division spent 1942 to 1944 training at its Ahmednagar base. It dispatched one brigade at a time to conduct <a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">jungle warfare</a> training near <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>, and also sent troops to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> to undertake <a href="/wiki/Combined_operations" title="Combined operations">combined operations</a> training. <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious warfare</a> training took place as well, as the division has been assigned to take part in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Anakim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Anakim (page does not exist)">Operation Anakim</a>. This operation, scheduled for November 1943, was a proposed landing that would take place at <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a> as part of a larger effort to retake Burma. Developments around the other theatres of the war caused a shortage of shipping to India, which resulted in the continued postponement to this operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20132_177-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20132-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004302,_361–366_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisMeiklejohnRoberts2004302,_361–366-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During 1943, the division made preliminary preparations for a move to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a>, but ultimately did not go.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5_178-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwinson19662–5-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Shifting Allied plans for the reconquest of Burma saw the division, by late 1943, assigned to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bullfrog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Bullfrog (page does not exist)">Operation Bullfrog</a>. Rather than an assault on Rangoon, this proposed amphibious landing would take place near <a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Akyab</a>, on the Arakan coastline of Burma. Like Anakim, this would be in conjunction with a new offensive into Burma. By January 1944 this and all amphibious operations had been cancelled along with the proposed deployment of the division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards196210,_66,_117_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards196210,_66,_117-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following month, the British frontline started to prepare for an expected Japanese offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962187_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962187-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March Japan <a href="/wiki/Operation_U-Go" title="Operation U-Go">invaded India</a>, and then besieged <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a>. In response the 2nd Division was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom)">British Fourteenth Army</a> and ordered to move to <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>. As a result of the fighting at Kohima, the division was diverted to the province of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>. After a move of 2,000 miles (3,200&#160;km), the division launched a counter-attack on 12 April. In conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/7th_Indian_Infantry_Division" title="7th Indian Infantry Division">7th Indian Infantry Division</a>, the division <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">broke the Japanese siege of Kohima</a> and forced them to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20131–3_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20131–3-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962201,_241_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962201,_241-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Advancing towards Imphal, the division fought several actions with Japanese forces. On 20 June the division linked up with British Indian forces who had advanced from Imphal, which <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">ended that siege</a>. In the course of this fighting, the division assisted in the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/31st_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="31st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">Japanese 31st Division</a>, and suffered 2,125 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962526_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyAddisRobertsWards1962526-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>British infantry reinforcements within India were scarce. To maintain the division in the field and make up losses, several British anti-aircraft units in the theatre were disbanded. This released around 3,500 British soldiers, of whom 2,500 were dispatched to the 2nd Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196527_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196527-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November the division started to move towards Burma, and by 7 December was concentrated across the border at <a href="/wiki/Yazagyo" title="Yazagyo">Yazagyo</a>. As part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Capital" title="Operation Capital">Operation Capital</a>, the 2nd Division <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign 1944–45">then advanced</a> 150 miles (240&#160;km) and captured several important airfields that were required for the supply effort for the advance to <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>. At the end of 1944 the division was near <a href="/wiki/Shwebo" title="Shwebo">Shwebo</a>, north of Mandalay. Heavy rain delayed progress, and the city was not captured until 11 January 1945. In the opening three months of 1945, the division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meiktila_and_Mandalay" title="Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay">Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay</a>. This culminated with the capture of the latter on 21 March, in part by the division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer1965156–157,_165,_178,_301_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer1965156–157,_165,_178,_301-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While the main advance proceeded to Rangoon, the division cleared bypassed Japanese positions near Mandalay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7_190-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As the reconquest of Burma entered its final stage, those forces that were not going to be used were withdrawn to India. The 2nd and the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="36th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">36th Infantry Divisions</a> were selected to be relieved because of the increasing shortage of British manpower in Asia, which impeded the ability to maintain them at full strength. This was, in part, the result of the "python" scheme that aimed to repatriate soldiers who had served in Asia for at least three years and eight months back to the UK. The 2nd Division left their transport in Burma, and the troops were flown to India between 10 and 20 April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196527,_325_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196527,_325-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, the division was transported to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>, where it was re-equipped and assigned to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dracula" title="Operation Dracula">Operation Dracula</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;an amphibious assault on Rangoon. In the event, the city was liberated by other forces and the 2nd Division did not depart for the port.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7_190-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20134–7-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer1965331,_351–352,_399_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer1965331,_351–352,_399-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With Burma retaken, the British set their sights on the recapture of <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>. An amphibious landing, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper">Operation Zipper</a>, aimed to land forces along the Malayan coastline and then liberate Singapore. The 2nd Division was not chosen to take part in this operation, as 10,000 of its troops were due to repatriated during 1945, but did provide communication and administrative assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196965,_81,_86_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirbyRobertsWardsDesoer196965,_81,_86-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> forestalled this endeavour, and the division ended the war back at Poona.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20137–8_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20137–8-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_post-war_and_Cold_War_period">The post-war and Cold War period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: The post-war and Cold War period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Japanese captain surrendering his sword" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg/220px-2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg/330px-2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg/440px-2nd_Div_reoccupation_of_Malaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Major-General <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Nicholson" title="Cameron Nicholson">Cameron Nicholson</a>, 2nd Division GOC, at a surrender ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johore</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>, in 1946. Thirty-seven Japanese officers from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Seventh_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Seventh Area Army">Seventh Area Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malayan occupation force</a>, surrendered their swords during the ceremony.</figcaption></figure> <p>At Poona the division was joined by the 36th Infantry Division. In August 1945 the 2nd Division absorbed the 36th Division, and the latter then ceased to exist. The 5th Infantry Brigade left the division and was dispatched to Japan as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Occupation_Force" title="British Commonwealth Occupation Force">British Commonwealth Occupation Force</a>. In November, the 2nd Division arrived in Malaya. It occupied Singapore and key locations throughout Malaya in an effort to maintain law and order, which had broken down following the Japanese surrender. The division remained in Malaya until 1946, when it was disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuto20138–9_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuto20138–9-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessenger1994155_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessenger1994155-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the Second World War the UK was allocated an <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">occupation zone</a> in northwest Germany and formed a new British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to administer its occupation forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser20161_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser20161-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/53rd_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division">53rd&#160;(Welsh) Infantry Division</a> was part of this army until February 1947. At that point it was renumbered as the 2nd Infantry Division. Some troops from Malaya, who had been part of the earlier 2nd Division, were shipped to Germany to bring the new division up to strength.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessenger1994155_198-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessenger1994155-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328_199-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division remained part of the BAOR until the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336_200-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division was headquartered at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, and later at <a href="/wiki/Bunde,_Germany" title="Bunde, Germany">Bunde</a>. In 1958 the "infantry" designation was dropped from the division's title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328_199-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1970s the UK had to reconcile its decreased resources with its commitments, as well as the increased threat from the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988332_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988332-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 1975 <a href="/wiki/Mason_Review" title="Mason Review">Mason Review</a>, a Government <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a> that outlined a new defence policy, called for BAOR to be restructured. This included the elimination of the brigade level of command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor20106–7_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20106–7-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1975a23_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1975a23-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This political change coincided with a BAOR doctrinal change that had started in the 1960s, and was pioneered by the <a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st Division</a> in the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009279_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009279-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The restructure increased BAOR to four divisions, for the first time since the end of the 1950s, each composed of two armoured regiments, three mechanised infantry battalions, and two artillery regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988331–332_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988331–332-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 1 September 1976, as part of this restructure, the 2nd Division was re-designated as the 2nd Armoured Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996183_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996183-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2nd_Armoured_Division,_1976–1982"><span id="2nd_Armoured_Division.2C_1976.E2.80.931982"></span>2nd Armoured Division, 1976–1982</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: 2nd Armoured Division, 1976–1982"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the formation of the same name that existed between 1939–1941, see <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg/220px-Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg/330px-Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg/440px-Manby_tank_-_geograph.org.uk_-_466026.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The Chieftain tank, the main battle tank of the division</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2nd Armoured Division was the first of the four BAOR divisions to be reorganised. After the process was completed, it was 8,600 men strong, and equipped with 132 <a href="/wiki/Chieftain_(tank)" title="Chieftain (tank)">Chieftain</a> tanks (with 12 other tanks in reserve). In a time of war, the division was expected to be reinforced by reserve and <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Territorial Army</a> (TA) personnel who would arrive from the UK. These troops would be assigned to the division's existing units. For example, an infantry battalion was around 650 strong during peace. During a crisis, the reinforcements would increase the battalion to around 800 strong. With this method, the division would increase to 14,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374_210-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Expenditure_Committee1976xiii,_147_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecond_Report_of_the_Expenditure_Committee1976xiii,_147-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The divisional headquarters was based in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Lübbecke">Lübbecke</a>, West Germany, and its signal regiment was in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCnde" title="Bünde">Bünde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328_199-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone1998225_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1998225-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As well as tanks, the division had three mechanised infantry battalions with the troops carried in <a href="/wiki/FV432" title="FV432">FV432</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured personnel carriers">armoured personnel carriers</a>; an <a href="/wiki/Armoured_reconnaissance" title="Armoured reconnaissance">armoured reconnaissance</a> regiment equipped with <a href="/wiki/FV101_Scorpion" title="FV101 Scorpion">FV101 Scorpions</a> and <a href="/wiki/FV107_Scimitar" title="FV107 Scimitar">FV107 Scimitars</a>; two regiments of <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">self-propelled artillery</a>; an anti-tank battery equipped with <a href="/wiki/Swingfire" title="Swingfire">Swingfire</a> anti-tank missiles; anti-aircraft units equipped with <a href="/wiki/Blowpipe_(missile)" title="Blowpipe (missile)">Blowpipe</a> missiles; <a href="/wiki/2_(Training)_Regiment_Army_Air_Corps" title="2 (Training) Regiment Army Air Corps">an aviation regiment</a> equipped with <a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">scout helicopters</a>; and support services: divisional engineers, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Army Medical Corps">medical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provost_(military_police)" title="Provost (military police)">provost</a>; <a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Transport" title="Royal Corps of Transport">transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="Royal Army Ordnance Corps">ordnance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers">field workshop units</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374_210-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977374-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The actual units that comprised the division were not fixed. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the British Army rotated units through BAOR. For example, infantry battalions would generally serve a four-year tour with BAOR, before they were rotated to another theatre; armoured units could serve up to eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen197027_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen197027-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A number of the division's units were also rotated through Northern Ireland. Units sent there were a constant drain on the whole of BAOR. For example, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Armoured_Division_Engineer_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Armoured Division Engineer Regiment (page does not exist)">2nd Armoured Division Engineer Regiment</a> was deployed to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> in December 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>BAOR was tasked with conducting "a mobile and intense armoured battle" against invading Soviet forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1975b8–9_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1975b8–9-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> To conduct this battle, doctrine required the division to fight a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Defense">mobile defensive battle</a> by defending key attack routes that Soviet armoured forces would more than likely use. The Soviet forces would then be lured into a killing zone where they would suffer disproportionate losses at the hands of British <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank guided missile</a>-equipped infantry and tanks in <a href="/wiki/Hull-down" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull-down">hull-down</a> defensive positions. The division would keep moving, fighting this aggressive delaying battle from the <a href="/wiki/East_German" class="mw-redirect" title="East German">East German</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009279_208-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009279-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The doctrine envisioned that this <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">attritional battle</a> would allow the BAOR to resist a Soviet advance and buy enough time for one of several contingencies to be implemented. This would be either a diplomatic solution the arrival of reinforcements to allow further conventional warfare to be maintained, or a threat to use <a href="/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical nuclear weapons">tactical nuclear weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009282_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009282-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the removal of the brigade level, it was intended that the division could form up to five battlegroups with each based around the headquarters of either an armoured regiment or infantry battalion. These groups were to be formed for a specific task and allocated the required forces needed. The reforms intended that the divisional commander would oversee these battlegroups, but early training showed this to be impractical. To compensate, the divisional headquarters was increased to 750 men (wartime strength) including two brigadiers, who would each command a flexible task force that would be formed by the <a href="/wiki/General_officer_commanding" title="General officer commanding">general officer commanding</a> (GOC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977375_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977375-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 2nd Armoured Division's task forces were Task Force Charlie and Task Force Delta. The task force approach allowed the GOC to tailor his forces to meet unforeseen events and execute the killing area doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009281–282_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeVore2009281–282-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These task forces were not a reintroduction of a brigade command structure, and they had no administrative responsibilities. In structuring the division in this manner, it allowed a reduction of 700 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977375_218-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977375-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_John_Anthony_Stone" title="David John Anthony Stone">David John Anthony Stone</a>, a historian, commented the system was "designed to allow the commander maximum flexibility and [to] take precise account of the operational or tactical task to be achieved".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone1998224_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1998224-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1976 the BAOR held Exercise Spearpoint<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>76. It was designed to test the 2nd Armoured Division and included troops from Denmark and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977372_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977372-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The exercise demonstrated the improvement of the new organisation, but highlighted that the divisional headquarters would become inefficient as combat fatigue took over if there was prolonged combat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodd1977378_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodd1977378-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the exercise, further refinements to the organisation took place into 1977, and more armour and infantry units were transferred, bringing the formation up to strength.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996183_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996183-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Task Force concept lasted until the end of the decade, when it was replaced with brigade commands as it had not met expectations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988332_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988332-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone1998224_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1998224-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division then comprised the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Brigade_and_Headquarters_North_East" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East">4th</a> and the <a href="/wiki/12th_Armoured_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">12th</a> Armoured Brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996185_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996185-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone1998222_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1998222-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981 <a href="/wiki/John_Nott" title="John Nott">John Nott</a>, the Secretary of State for Defence for the government <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">elected in 1979</a>, wrote the <a href="/wiki/1981_Defence_White_Paper" title="1981 Defence White Paper">1981 Defence White Paper</a>. It, like the Mason Review, aimed to balance the British military in line with the nation's financial resources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor20107_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20107-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nott's paper called for the BAOR to be restructured from four armoured divisions of two brigades, into a force of three divisions of three brigades. The intent was to save manpower and money, while only losing one divisional headquarters. Nott called for a new division to be formed in the UK, which would be made up primarily of TA personnel. The new formation would reinforce BAOR on the outbreak of war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENott198117_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENott198117-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 1981, the 2nd Armoured Division was chosen as the formation to be disbanded. In December 1982 the division ceased to exist, and its personnel, equipment, and units were dispersed among other BAOR formations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996185_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKneenSutton1996185-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_Cold_War_and_into_the_21st_century">End of the Cold War and into the 21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: End of the Cold War and into the 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 January 1983 the 2nd Infantry Division was re-formed, based at <a href="/wiki/Imphal_Barracks" title="Imphal Barracks">Imphal Barracks</a>, in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The re-formed division was assigned the territorial <a href="/wiki/15th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">15th Brigade</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alanbrooke_Barracks" title="Alanbrooke Barracks">Alanbrooke Barracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topcliffe,_North_Yorkshire" title="Topcliffe, North Yorkshire">Topcliffe, North Yorkshire</a>; the territorial <a href="/wiki/49th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="49th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">49th Brigade</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>; the regular army <a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="24th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">24th Brigade</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Catterick_Garrison" title="Catterick Garrison">Catterick Garrison</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/29_(Explosive_Ordnance_Disposal_and_Search)_Group" title="29 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Search) Group">29th Engineer Brigade</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126_227-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of the Cold War, the division was disbanded in early 1992 as part of the British Government's <a href="/wiki/Options_for_Change" title="Options for Change">Options for Change</a> plan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner201413_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner201413-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1994 the 2nd Division was re-established in York as a training formation and replaced the existing <a href="/wiki/Eastern_District_(British_Army)" title="Eastern District (British Army)">Eastern District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Vox_Militaris&#39;&#39;1995155_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Vox_Militaris&#39;&#39;1995155-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1998 the division was 28,500 strong. As part of the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defence_Review" title="Strategic Defence Review">Strategic Defence Review</a>, the British Army restructured its forces within the UK to cut costs. In line with this, in April 2000, the 2nd Division absorbed <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Command" title="Scottish Command">Scotland District</a>. The division headquarters was then moved to <a href="/wiki/Craigiehall" title="Craigiehall">Craigiehall</a>, near Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The division then comprised the 15th (North East) Brigade based in York; the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="42nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">42nd (North West) Brigade</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a>; the <a href="/wiki/51st_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="51st Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">51st (Scottish) Brigade</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/52nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="52nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">52nd Infantry Brigade</a> based in Edinburgh. Elements of the division were also based in <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>. The division was around 2,100 men strong in 2002 and was responsible for the administration and training of soldiers in the north of England and in Scotland. If war broke out, it was to expand to 16,000–18,000 men, in line with the army's combat formations of that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyman2002Chapter_2_–_Army_Organisations_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyman2002Chapter_2_–_Army_Organisations-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April 2012, as part of <a href="/wiki/Army_2020" title="Army 2020">a further restructure</a>, the division was disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor20115_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20115-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insignia">Insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1916, during the First World War, the British Army divisions adopted formation signs. The design the 2nd Division chose, represented "The Second Division of the First Corps", which was indicated by two white stars (the division) either side of a single larger red star that represented I<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Holohan192035_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Holohan192035-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1940, during the Second World War, a new insignia was adopted. Major-General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Loyd" title="Charles Loyd">Charles Loyd</a>, who had taken command of the division in 1939, designed it. He had previously commanded the <a href="/wiki/1st_Armoured_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">1st (Guards) Brigade</a> before his appointment to the division, and they had used a single key as a brigade insignia. Loyd updated that design for his new command, by adding a second key.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell198736_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell198736-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole195047_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole195047-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoungDavies196539_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungDavies196539-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The design was used throughout the Second World War, through the Cold War, and until the division was disbanded in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328_199-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELordWatson200328-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126_227-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorsemanShaw1983126-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has also been highlighted that the insignia resembles the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a>, and could reference troop recruitment in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeffreys200524_175-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeffreys200524-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg/220px-War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg/330px-War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg/440px-War_Memorial_on_Hospital_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2360362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>2nd Division's memorial cross at Aldershot.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg/150px-Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg/225px-Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg/300px-Allsaintsgate-wyrd-29O6-0117.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>The inscription on the memorial gate at Aldershot.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three monuments to 2nd Division in <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Garrison" title="Aldershot Garrison">Aldershot</a>, the division's peacetime base for many years. A World War I memorial cross was erected at the junction of Hospital Road and Knollys Road in 1923. The design incorporated the division's insignia as the memorial rested on a central red star flanked by two white stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole19506_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole19506-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A memorial tablet was placed in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Garrison_Church,_Aldershot" title="Royal Garrison Church, Aldershot">Royal Garrison Church</a>, listing the units that fought with the division during World War I, and also incorporating the three stars.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A set of memorial gates to 1st and 2nd Divisions was unveiled on 29 July 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the division was stationed in Malay after World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Kohima_War_Cemetery" title="Kohima War Cemetery">Kohima War Cemetery</a> was established in India and dedicated to the division.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 1987 Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth&#160;II</a> unveiled a memorial to the division in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, its later base, at the site of the medieval palace of the Archbishop of York.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of commanders of the British 2nd Division">List of commanders of the British 2nd Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orders_of_battle_for_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of orders of battle for the British 2nd Division">List of orders of battle for the British 2nd Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Victoria_Cross_recipients_from_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of Victoria Cross recipients from the British 2nd Division">List of Victoria Cross recipients from the British 2nd Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_divisions_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British divisions in World War I">List of British divisions in World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of British divisions in World War II">List of British divisions in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Order_of_Battle_(September_1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)">British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_British_Army_at_the_end_of_the_Cold_War" title="Outline of the British Army at the end of the Cold War">Outline of the British Army at the end of the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_2020" title="Army 2020">British Army Structure in 2010</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Fletcher, a historian, suggested the division was formed in May 1809, and fought at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Porto" title="Second Battle of Porto">Second Battle of Porto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oman" title="Charles Oman">Charles Oman</a>, a historian of the Peninsular War, detailed the British <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle" title="Order of battle">order of battle</a> at Porto, and noted the entire force comprised eight brigades and no divisions. Oman stated that it was after that battle, when divisions were formed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1903324ff._and_640–641_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1903324ff._and_640–641-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Philip Haythornthwaite, a historian, stated that the divisions were formed on 18 June 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A separate 2nd Division, under the command of Major-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mackenzie_(British_Army_officer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mackenzie (British Army officer) (page does not exist)">John Mackenzie</a>, operated during this period as part of Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Murray,_8th_Baronet" title="Sir John Murray, 8th Baronet">John Murray</a>'s independent Army on the <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922762_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922762-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Colenso" title="Frances Colenso">Frances Colenso</a> wrote that at the end of April the division, referred to as No.<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>2 or the Second Division, consisted of 10,238 British, colonial, and African troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColensoDurnford1880394_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColensoDurnford1880394-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Louis Creswicke stated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulundi" title="Battle of Ulundi">Battle of Ulundi</a> the division consisted of 1,870 Europeans and 530 African soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900a59_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreswicke1900a59-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was the method used to form the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Division in 1871, when regular, <a href="/wiki/Regular_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Regular Reserve (United Kingdom)">reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_Kingdom)" title="Militia (United Kingdom)">militia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">yeomanry</a> units from across the UK converged on Aldershot. The military were also accompanied by volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner190555_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner190555-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The BEF's order of battle at this time included the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">Cavalry Division</a>; I<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Corps: the 1st and the 2nd Divisions; II<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>Corps: the 3rd and the 5th Divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1933471–485_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1933471–485-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These battalions were the <a href="/wiki/West_Ham#WW1_–_West_Ham_Pals" title="West Ham">13th (Service) Battalion (West Ham)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex_Regiment" title="Essex Regiment">Essex Regiment</a> and the 17th (Service) Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Regiment" title="Middlesex Regiment">Middlesex Regiment</a>, both of the 6th Brigade; and the 22nd (Service) Battalion (Kensington), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a>, of the 99th Brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Following the creation of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1949, BAOR ceased being an occupation force and became part of the British <a href="/wiki/Northern_Army_Group" title="Northern Army Group">contribution to the defence</a> of Western Europe against potential attacks from the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336_200-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser20161_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser20161-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Britain reaffirmed this role at the 1954 <a href="/wiki/London_and_Paris_Conferences" title="London and Paris Conferences">London and Paris Conferences</a>, and promised to commit four divisions to the defence of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERees201357_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERees201357-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though BAOR and its frontline<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>I (BR) Corps fluctuated in size, including the number of divisions, but maintained the 2nd Division throughout this period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336_200-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsby1988336-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaythornthwaite2016The_Divisional_System_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaythornthwaite2016">Haythornthwaite 2016</a>, The Divisional System.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1903455,_511–512,_525,_531–535,_544–545,_645,_650–651-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1903455,_511–512,_525,_531–535,_544–545,_645,_650–651_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1903">Oman 1903</a>, pp.&#160;455, 511–512, 525, 531–535, 544–545, 645, 650–651.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher199432–33_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher1994">Fletcher 1994</a>, pp.&#160;32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1903324ff._and_640–641-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1903324ff._and_640–641_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1903">Oman 1903</a>, pp.&#160;324ff. and 640–641.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1908359–362,_387,_545,_550-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1908359–362,_387,_545,_550_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1908">Oman 1908</a>, pp.&#160;359–362, 387, 545, 550.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1908437–442-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1908437–442_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1908">Oman 1908</a>, pp.&#160;437–442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid200442-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReid200442_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReid2004">Reid 2004</a>, p.&#160;42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamford2013205-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBamford2013205_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBamford2013">Bamford 2013</a>, p.&#160;205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1911383–383,_399–400,_631-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1911383–383,_399–400,_631_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1911">Oman 1911</a>, pp.&#160;383–383, 399–400, 631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1911602–605-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1911602–605_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1911">Oman 1911</a>, pp.&#160;602–605.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1914326–328-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1914326–328_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1914">Oman 1914</a>, pp.&#160;326–328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman192299-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman192299_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1922">Oman 1922</a>, p.&#160;99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922400,_419,_422,_439–440,_758-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922400,_419,_422,_439–440,_758_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1922">Oman 1922</a>, pp.&#160;400, 419, 422, 439–440, 758.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922469,_529,_626–627,_629–638-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922469,_529,_626–627,_629–638_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1922">Oman 1922</a>, pp.&#160;469, 529, 626–627, 629–638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922769–772-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922769–772_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1922">Oman 1922</a>, pp.&#160;769–772.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1922762-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1922762_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1922">Oman 1922</a>, p.&#160;762.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1930118_and_167,_175–176,_227_369,_384,_553,_558-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1930118_and_167,_175–176,_227_369,_384,_553,_558_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1930">Oman 1930</a>, pp.&#160;118 and 167, 175–176, 227 369, 384, 553, 558.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOman1930496_and_513-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOman1930496_and_513_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOman1930">Oman 1930</a>, pp.&#160;496 and 513.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201511–22,_31-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201511–22,_31_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, pp.&#160;11–22, 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, pp.&#160;35–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900347-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900347_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiborne1900">Siborne 1900</a>, p.&#160;347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46,_165-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover201535–46,_165_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, pp.&#160;35–46, 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015128-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015128_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, p.&#160;128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900340–342,_467–470-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900340–342,_467–470_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiborne1900">Siborne 1900</a>, pp.&#160;340–342, 467–470.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014151–153-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014151–153_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2014">Glover 2014</a>, pp.&#160;151–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900473,_529,_531–536-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900473,_529,_531–536_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiborne1900">Siborne 1900</a>, pp.&#160;473, 529, 531–536.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014189–191-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014189–191_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2014">Glover 2014</a>, pp.&#160;189–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014194-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014194_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2014">Glover 2014</a>, p.&#160;194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900553,_556,_558,_564–565-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900553,_556,_558,_564–565_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiborne1900">Siborne 1900</a>, pp.&#160;553, 556, 558, 564–565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2014192–194-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2014192–194_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2014">Glover 2014</a>, pp.&#160;192–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015165-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015165_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, p.&#160;165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiborne1900659,_683,_688,_696,_704,_716,_732,_748-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiborne1900659,_683,_688,_696,_704,_716,_732,_748_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiborne1900">Siborne 1900</a>, pp.&#160;659, 683, 688, 696, 704, 716, 732, 748.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoorsom1860270–271-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoorsom1860270–271_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoorsom1860">Moorsom 1860</a>, pp.&#160;270–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2015199–200-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2015199–200_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlover2015">Glover 2015</a>, pp.&#160;199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axi–xii-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921axi–xii_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyrall1921a">Wyrall 1921a</a>, 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyrall1921b">Wyrall 1921b</a>, p.&#160;711.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry198826–28-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry198826–28_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerry1988">Perry 1988</a>, pp.&#160;26–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrow2005239-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrow2005239_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrow2005">Morrow 2005</a>, p.&#160;239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry198826-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry198826_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerry1988">Perry 1988</a>, p.&#160;26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b523_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyrall1921b">Wyrall 1921b</a>, p.&#160;523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyrall1921b">Wyrall 1921b</a>, p.&#160;543.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005716–718-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuckerRoberts2005716–718_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005">Tucker &amp; Roberts 2005</a>, pp.&#160;716–718.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543,_550,_560,_587,_590-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWyrall1921b543,_550,_560,_587,_590_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWyrall1921b">Wyrall 1921b</a>, 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Kohima Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+2nd+Division&amp;rft.pub=Kohima+Museum&amp;rft.au=Kohima+Museum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kohimamuseum.co.uk%2Fthe-division%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30071821">"Cordingley, Patrick Anthony John (Oral History)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026084917/https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30071821">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cordingley%2C+Patrick+Anthony+John+%28Oral+History%29&amp;rft.pub=Imperial+War+Museum&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F30071821&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Vox_Militaris&#39;&#39;1995155-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Vox_Militaris&#39;&#39;1995155_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVox_Militaris1995"><i>Vox Militaris</i> 1995</a>, p.&#160;155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1998-01-16/debates/d242b42c-b8e6-4ca2-ab8a-7ef2b61918c8/LandCommandRestructuring?highlight=2nd%20division#contribution-ee7b4bc4-058b-4767-864c-57bb0c76e92f">"Land Command Restructuring"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. 16 January 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Land+Command+Restructuring&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1998-01-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1998-01-16%2Fdebates%2Fd242b42c-b8e6-4ca2-ab8a-7ef2b61918c8%2FLandCommandRestructuring%3Fhighlight%3D2nd%2520division%23contribution-ee7b4bc4-058b-4767-864c-57bb0c76e92f&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1998-04-22/debates/32e081e3-0ba6-4566-8784-d232a29272ab/UkLandCommand?highlight=2nd%20division#contribution-5992e67a-647b-47c8-a5e3-0d71941376c9">"UK Land Command"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. 22 April 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=UK+Land+Command&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1998-04-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1998-04-22%2Fdebates%2F32e081e3-0ba6-4566-8784-d232a29272ab%2FUkLandCommand%3Fhighlight%3D2nd%2520division%23contribution-5992e67a-647b-47c8-a5e3-0d71941376c9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1999-07-19/debates/c0edfe16-5150-4941-b11a-4401d2a362e8/2NdDivision?highlight=2nd%20division#contribution-7cc6d22f-c3de-438d-9cdc-e33e062b7102">"2nd Division"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. 19 July 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=2nd+Division&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1999-07-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F1999-07-19%2Fdebates%2Fc0edfe16-5150-4941-b11a-4401d2a362e8%2F2NdDivision%3Fhighlight%3D2nd%2520division%23contribution-7cc6d22f-c3de-438d-9cdc-e33e062b7102&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyman2002Chapter_2_–_Army_Organisations-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyman2002Chapter_2_–_Army_Organisations_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeyman2002">Heyman 2002</a>, Chapter 2 – Army Organisations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20115-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor20115_235-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2011">Taylor 2011</a>, p.&#160;5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Holohan192035-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler-Holohan192035_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler-Holohan1920">Wheeler-Holohan 1920</a>, p.&#160;35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChappell198736-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChappell198736_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChappell1987">Chappell 1987</a>, p.&#160;36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECole195047-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole195047_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCole1950">Cole 1950</a>, p.&#160;47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoungDavies196539-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoungDavies196539_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoungDavies1965">Young &amp; Davies 1965</a>, p.&#160;39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">MOD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304013015/http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/2080.aspx">"2nd Division"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/2080.aspx">the original</a> on 4 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2nd+Division&amp;rft.au=MOD&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fstructure%2F2080.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECole19506-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole19506_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCole1950">Cole 1950</a>, p.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/50626">IWM WMR Ref 50626.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1393803?section=official-list-entry">Historic England, NHLE entry 1393803.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/135480">https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/135480</a> 2nd Division at War Memorials Online; includes photographs.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/50249">IWM WMR Ref 50249.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/50247">IWM WMR Ref 50247.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/2058100/kohima-war-cemetery/">"Kohima War Cemetery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kohima+War+Cemetery&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Fvisit-us%2Ffind-cemeteries-memorials%2Fcemetery-details%2F2058100%2Fkohima-war-cemetery%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/30623">IWM WMR Ref 30623.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1257919">Historic England, NHLE entry 1257919.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2002" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Guy (2002). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War</i>. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest. Vol.&#160;19. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/The_Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Scarecrow Press">The Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81084-276-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81084-276-2"><bdi>978-0-81084-276-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Crimean+War&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.series=Historical+Dictionaries+of+War%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Civil+Unrest&amp;rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-81084-276-2&amp;rft.aulast=Arnold&amp;rft.aufirst=Guy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamford2013" class="citation book cs1">Bamford, Andrew (2013). <i>Sickness, Suffering, and the Sword: The British Regiment on Campaign, 1808–1815</i>. Norman: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80614-343-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80614-343-9"><bdi>978-0-80614-343-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sickness%2C+Suffering%2C+and+the+Sword%3A+The+British+Regiment+on+Campaign%2C+1808%E2%80%931815&amp;rft.place=Norman&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-80614-343-9&amp;rft.aulast=Bamford&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarthorp1980" class="citation book cs1">Barthorp, Michael (1980). <i>The Armies of Britain, 1485–1980</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252418281">252418281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+Britain%2C+1485%E2%80%931980&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=National+Army+Museum&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F252418281&amp;rft.aulast=Barthorp&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecke2007" class="citation book cs1">Becke, Archibald Frank (2007) [1935]. <i>Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1: The Regular British Divisions</i>. Uckfield: The Naval &amp; Military Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84734-738-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84734-738-1"><bdi>978-1-84734-738-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Order+of+Battle+of+Divisions+Part+1%3A+The+Regular+British+Divisions&amp;rft.place=Uckfield&amp;rft.pub=The+Naval+%26+Military+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84734-738-1&amp;rft.aulast=Becke&amp;rft.aufirst=Archibald+Frank&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden1991" class="citation book cs1">Bowden, Mark (1991). <i>Pitt Rivers: The Life and Archaeological Work of Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt River DCL, FRS, FSA</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52140-077-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52140-077-0"><bdi>978-0-52140-077-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pitt+Rivers%3A+The+Life+and+Archaeological+Work+of+Lieutenant-General+Augustus+Henry+Lane+Fox+Pitt+River+DCL%2C+FRS%2C+FSA&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-52140-077-0&amp;rft.aulast=Bowden&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1926" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Lewis (1926). <i>The Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps</i>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/81665440">81665440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+the+King%27s+Royal+Rifle+Corps&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=1926&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F81665440&amp;rft.aulast=Butler&amp;rft.aufirst=Lewis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColensoDurnford1880" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Colenso" title="Frances Colenso">Colenso, Frances Ellen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Durnford" title="Anthony Durnford">Durnford, Anthony</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyzuluwara00colegoog/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>History of the Zulu War and its Origin</i></a>. London: Chapman and Hall. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/731088583">731088583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Zulu+War+and+its+Origin&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&amp;rft.date=1880&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F731088583&amp;rft.aulast=Colenso&amp;rft.aufirst=Frances+Ellen&amp;rft.au=Durnford%2C+Anthony&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryzuluwara00colegoog%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell1987" class="citation book cs1">Chappell, Mike (1987). <i>British Battle Insignia 1939–1940</i>. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/E._P._Dutton" title="E. P. Dutton">Dutton</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/974413933">974413933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sands+of+Dunkirk&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Dutton&amp;rft.date=1961&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F974413933&amp;rft.aulast=Collier&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConan_Doyle1901" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Conan Doyle, Arthur</a> (1901). <i>The Great Boer War</i> (5th&#160;ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/George_Bell_%26_Sons" title="George Bell &amp; Sons">George Bell &amp; Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26467440">26467440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+Boer+War&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.edition=5th&amp;rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=1901&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26467440&amp;rft.aulast=Conan+Doyle&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookStevenson2005" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (2005). <i>The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815–1914</i>. Oxon: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34582-8"><bdi>978-0-415-34582-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Britain+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%2C+1815%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.place=Oxon&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-34582-8&amp;rft.aulast=Cook&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft.au=Stevenson%2C+John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreswicke1900a" class="citation book cs1">Creswicke, Louis (1900a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/23692/23692-h/23692-h.htm"><i>South Africa and the Transvaal War</i></a>. Vol.&#160;I. Edinburgh: T. C. &amp; E. C. 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Vol.&#160;II. Edinburgh: T. C. &amp; E. C. 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Vol.&#160;VI. Edinburgh: T. C. &amp; E. C. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Eyre_and_Spottiswoode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyre and Spottiswoode">Eyre and Spottiswoode</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834944368">834944368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Second+Queen%27s+Royal+Regiment%3A+Now+the+Queen%27s+%28Royal+West+Surrey%29+Regiment&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Eyre+and+Spottiswoode&amp;rft.date=1906&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834944368&amp;rft.aulast=Davis&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemchak2011" class="citation book cs1">Demchak, Chris C. 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Barnsley: Pen &amp; Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-744-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-744-3"><bdi>978-1-84832-744-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Waterloo%3A+The+Defeat+of+Napoleon%27s+Imperial+Guard%3A+Henry+Clinton%2C+the+2nd+Division+and+the+End+of+a+200-year-old+Controversy&amp;rft.place=Barnsley&amp;rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84832-744-3&amp;rft.aulast=Glover&amp;rft.aufirst=Gareth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1970" class="citation journal cs1">Hansen, Richard H., ed. (March 1970). "British Army in Europe". <i>Army Digest</i>. <b>25</b> (3). Washington D.C.: United States, Department of the Army: 22–29. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1010950903">1010950903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Army+Digest&amp;rft.atitle=British+Army+in+Europe&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=22-29&amp;rft.date=1970-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1010950903&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaythornthwaite2016" class="citation book cs1">Haythornthwaite, Philip (2016). <i>Picton's Division at Waterloo</i>. 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Weybridge, Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd. and the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/923901878">923901878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces&amp;rft.atitle=2nd+Infantry+Division+re-formed+at+York&amp;rft.issue=April+1983&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F923901878&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsby1988" class="citation book cs1">Isby, David C. (1988). "Developments in the Front-Line States: The United Kingdom". In Simon, Jeffrey (ed.). <i>NATO-Warsaw Pact Force Mobilization</i>. 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Vol.&#160;IV Dec. 1810 – Dec. 1811. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/699709225">699709225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Peninsular+War&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F699709225&amp;rft.aulast=Oman&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F56812%2F56812-h%2F56812-h.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOman1914" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Oman, Charles (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62291/pg62291-images.html"><i>A History of the Peninsular War</i></a>. Vol.&#160;V Oct. 1811 – Aug. 31, 1812. 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Vol.&#160;VI September 1, 1812 – August 5, 1813. 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Vol.&#160;I. London: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Nelson and Sons">Thomas Nelson and Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1167884897">1167884897</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Second+Division%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1167884897&amp;rft.aulast=Wyrall&amp;rft.aufirst=Everard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsecondd01wyra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyrall1921b" class="citation book cs1">Wyrall, Everard (1921b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsecondd02wyra"><i>The History of the Second Division, 1914–1918</i></a>. Vol.&#160;II. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1167884897">1167884897</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Second+Division%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1167884897&amp;rft.aulast=Wyrall&amp;rft.aufirst=Everard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsecondd02wyra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungDavies1965" class="citation book cs1">Young, Geoffrey D. P.; Davies, David H. (1965). <i>A Short History of the 5th Infantry Brigade</i>. Aldershot: The Forces Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/800929934">800929934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+5th+Infantry+Brigade&amp;rft.place=Aldershot&amp;rft.pub=The+Forces+Press&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F800929934&amp;rft.aulast=Young&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+D.+P.&amp;rft.au=Davies%2C+David+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A Short History of the Second Infantry Division 1809–1954</i>. Germany: British Army of the Rhine. 1954. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41428788">41428788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Second+Infantry+Division+1809%E2%80%931954&amp;rft.place=Germany&amp;rft.pub=British+Army+of+the+Rhine&amp;rft.date=1954&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41428788&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Connors, Brendan P (1965). <i>A Short Illustrated History of the Second Division 1809–1965</i>. London: Ministry of Defence. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/660078373">660078373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Short+Illustrated+History+of+the+Second+Division+1809%E2%80%931965&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F660078373&amp;rft.aulast=Connors&amp;rft.aufirst=Brendan+P&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Eddie; Deakin, Maurice; Harby, Sid (2006). <i>The War in Burma 1943–1945, Incorporating the History of the 2nd and 36th Infantry Division</i>. Location not identified: Fellowship of the Services, 365 (Matlock) Mess.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+War+in+Burma+1943%E2%80%931945%2C+Incorporating+the+History+of+the+2nd+and+36th+Infantry+Division&amp;rft.place=Location+not+identified&amp;rft.pub=Fellowship+of+the+Services%2C+365+%28Matlock%29+Mess&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Palmer&amp;rft.aufirst=Eddie&amp;rft.au=Deakin%2C+Maurice&amp;rft.au=Harby%2C+Sid&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span> ISBN/OCLC not identified</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Sale, Nigel (2014). <i>Lie at the Heart of Waterloo: The Battle's Hidden Last Half Hour</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-75096-276-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-75096-276-6"><bdi>978-0-75096-276-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lie+at+the+Heart+of+Waterloo%3A+The+Battle%27s+Hidden+Last+Half+Hour&amp;rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&amp;rft.pub=The+History+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-75096-276-6&amp;rft.aulast=Sale&amp;rft.aufirst=Nigel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us">Commonwealth War Graves, memorials</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/">Historic England, National Heritage List for England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials">Imperial War Museum, War Memorials Register</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk">War Memorials Online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">MOD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304013015/http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/2080.aspx">"2nd Division"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/structure/2080.aspx">the original</a> on 4 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2nd+Division&amp;rft.au=MOD&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fstructure%2F2080.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span> Archived page from the British Army's website, briefly outlining the 2nd Division.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Various. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baor-locations.org/">"British Army of the Rhine Locations"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=British+Army+of+the+Rhine+Locations&amp;rft.au=Various&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaor-locations.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span> The website includes photos and personal recollections from members of the 2nd Division, on various pages.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Young, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/2-regiment.html">"2 Regiment"</a>. British Army units from 1945 on<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2+Regiment&amp;rft.pub=British+Army+units+from+1945+on&amp;rft.aulast=Young&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritish-army-units1945on.co.uk%2Froyal-engineers%2Fregiments---major-units%2F2-regiment.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2nd+Infantry+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29" class="Z3988"></span> Website contains orders of battle for post 1945 units and formations. This page, for example, highlights that the 2nd Armoured Division Engineer Regiment was deployed for two tours in Northern Ireland.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British 2nd Division</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Infantry Division (main article)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of commanders of the British 2nd Division">List of commanding officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orders_of_battle_for_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of orders of battle for the British 2nd Division">Wartime orders of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Victoria_Cross_recipients_from_the_British_2nd_Division" title="List of Victoria Cross recipients from the British 2nd Division">Divisional Victoria Cross winners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Divisions_of_the_British_Army" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Army_Divisions" title="Template:British Army Divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Army_Divisions" title="Template talk:British Army Divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Army_Divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Army Divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Divisions_of_the_British_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Divisions of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Active" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_and_Parachute_Division" title="Guards and Parachute Division">Guards and Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Division" title="Union Division">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Division" title="Queen&#39;s Division">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Division" title="Light Division">Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st (United Kingdom) Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd (United Kingdom) Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Post-Cold_War_period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-Cold War period</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Division" title="Guards Division">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Division" title="King&#39;s Division">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Division" title="Light Division">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Division" title="Prince of Wales&#39;s Division">Prince of Wales's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Division" title="Queen&#39;s Division">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Division" title="Scottish Division">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish,_Welsh_and_Irish_Division" title="Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division">Scottish, Welsh and Irish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st (UK) Armoured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Division (United Kingdom)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Division_(South-West)_(Bosnia)" title="Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)">Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Division_(South-East)_(Iraq)" title="Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq)">Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cold War</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Division" title="Guards Division">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Division" title="King&#39;s Division">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Division" title="Light Division">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Division" title="Prince of Wales&#39;s Division">Prince of Wales's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Division" title="Queen&#39;s Division">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Division" title="Scottish Division">Scottish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Airborne_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Airborne Division (United Kingdom)">6th Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Airborne_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Airborne Division (United Kingdom)">16th Airborne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armoured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Division (United Kingdom)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_(West_Riding)_Infantry_Division" title="49th (West Riding) Infantry Division">49th (West Riding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_(London)_Infantry_Division" title="56th (London) Infantry Division">56th (London)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="13th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="40th Division (United Kingdom)">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_(East_Lancashire)_Infantry_Division" title="42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division">42nd (Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_(Home_Counties)_Division" title="44th (Home Counties) Division">44th (Home Counties)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Infantry_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division">50th (Northumbrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_(Highland)_Division" title="51st (Highland) Division">51st</a>/<a href="/wiki/52nd_(Lowland)_Infantry_Division" title="52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division">52nd</a> (Scottish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division">53rd (Welsh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Artillery_Brigade_and_Headquarters_South_West" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Artillery Brigade and Headquarters South West">Artillery Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Commonwealth_Division" title="1st Commonwealth Division">1st Commonwealth Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Gurkha_Division" title="17th Gurkha Division">17th Gurkha Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Second_World_War_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Second World War (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of British divisions in World War II">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Airborne_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)">1st Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Airborne_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Airborne Division (United Kingdom)">6th Airborne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Armoured_formations_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="British Armoured formations of World War II">Armoured</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Armoured_Division" title="Guards Armoured Division">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="9th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="10th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="42nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="79th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">79th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Guards Division (United Kingdom)">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division during the World Wars">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_(Highland)_Infantry_Division" title="9th (Highland) Infantry Division">9th (Highland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Infantry_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Infantry Division">12th (Eastern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="18th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_(Northumbrian)_Division" title="23rd (Northumbrian) Division">23rd (Northumbrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="36th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">36th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="38th (Welsh) Infantry Division">38th (Welsh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_(East_Lancashire)_Infantry_Division" title="42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division">42nd (East Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_(Home_Counties)_Division" title="44th (Home Counties) Division">44th (Home Counties)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="45th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="46th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">46th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_(London)_Infantry_Division" title="47th (London) Infantry Division">47th (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_(South_Midland)_Division" title="48th (South Midland) Division">48th (South Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_(West_Riding)_Infantry_Division" title="49th (West Riding) Infantry Division">49th (West Riding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Infantry_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division">50th (Northumbrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_(Highland)_Division" title="51st (Highland) Division">51st (Highland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_(Lowland)_Infantry_Division" title="52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division">52nd (Lowland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division">53rd (Welsh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_(East_Anglian)_Infantry_Division" title="54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division">54th (East Anglian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Infantry_Division" title="55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division">55th (West Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_(London)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="56th (London) Division">56th (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_(Staffordshire)_Infantry_Division" title="59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division">59th (Staffordshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="61st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">61st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="66th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="70th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">70th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="76th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">76th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="77th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">77th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="78th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">78th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Infantry_(Reserve)_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="80th Infantry (Reserve) Division (United Kingdom)">80th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Invasion <a href="/wiki/British_County_Divisions" title="British County Divisions">"County Divisions"</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Cornwall_County_Division" title="Devon and Cornwall County Division">Devon and Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_County_Division" title="Dorset County Division">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_and_North_Riding_County_Division" title="Durham and North Riding County Division">Durham and North Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Division" title="Essex County Division">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County_Division" title="Hampshire County Division">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_County_Division" title="Lincolnshire County Division">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County_Division" title="Norfolk County Division">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Division" title="Northumberland County Division">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex_County_Division" title="West Sussex County Division">West Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Division" title="Yorkshire County Division">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="3rd Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="9th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="10th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Anti-Aircraft_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="12th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)">12th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deception</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/British_deception_formations_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="British deception formations in World War II">British deception formations in World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(African)_Division" title="1st (African) Division">1st (African)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_(African)_Division" title="2nd (African) Division">2nd (African)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_(African)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="11th (African) Division">11th (African)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_(East_Africa)_Division" title="11th (East Africa) Division">11th (East Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Division_(SDF)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Division (SDF) (page does not exist)">12th (SDF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_(West_Africa)_Division" title="81st (West Africa) Division">81st (West Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82nd_(West_Africa)_Division" title="82nd (West Africa) Division">82nd (West Africa)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">1st Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauman_Division" title="Beauman Division">Beauman Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Division" title="Royal Marines Division">Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Y Division (United Kingdom)">Y Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of Indian divisions in World War II">British Army in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="First_World_War_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First World War (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_divisions_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British divisions in World War I">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Guards Division (United Kingdom)">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division during the World Wars">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Division_(United_Kingdom)_in_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Division (United Kingdom) in the First World War">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="27th Division (United Kingdom)">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="28th Division (United Kingdom)">28th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="29th Division (United Kingdom)">29th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_(Scottish)_Division" title="9th (Scottish) Division">9th (Scottish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_(Irish)_Division" title="10th (Irish) Division">10th (Irish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_(Northern)_Division" title="11th (Northern) Division">11th (Northern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Division">12th (Eastern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_(Western)_Division" title="13th (Western) Division">13th (Western)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_(Light)_Division" title="14th (Light) Division">14th (Light)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Division">15th (Scottish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_(Irish)_Division" title="16th (Irish) Division">16th (Irish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_(Northern)_Division" title="17th (Northern) Division">17th (Northern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_(Eastern)_Division" title="18th (Eastern) Division">18th (Eastern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_(Western)_Division" title="19th (Western) Division">19th (Western)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_(Light)_Division" title="20th (Light) Division">20th (Light)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="21st Division (United Kingdom)">21st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="22nd Division (United Kingdom)">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="23rd Division (United Kingdom)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="24th Division (United Kingdom)">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="25th Division (United Kingdom)">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="26th Division (United Kingdom)">26th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="30th Division (United Kingdom)">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="31st Division (United Kingdom)">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="32nd Division (United Kingdom)">32nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="33rd Division (United Kingdom)">33rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="34th Division (United Kingdom)">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="35th Division (United Kingdom)">35th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th New Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_(Ulster)_Division" title="36th (Ulster) Division">36th (Ulster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="37th Division (United Kingdom)">37th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="38th (Welsh) Infantry Division">38th (Welsh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="39th Division (United Kingdom)">39th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="40th Division (United Kingdom)">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="41st Division (United Kingdom)">41st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st Line</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/42nd_(East_Lancashire)_Infantry_Division" title="42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division">42nd (East Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_(Home_Counties)_Division" title="44th (Home Counties) Division">44th (Home Counties)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_(North_Midland)_Division" title="46th (North Midland) Division">46th (North Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_(1/2nd_London)_Division" title="47th (1/2nd London) Division">47th (1/2nd London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_(South_Midland)_Division" title="48th (South Midland) Division">48th (South Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_(West_Riding)_Infantry_Division" title="49th (West Riding) Infantry Division">49th (West Riding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Division">50th (Northumbrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_(Highland)_Division" title="51st (Highland) Division">51st (Highland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_(Lowland)_Infantry_Division" title="52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division">52nd (Lowland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_(Welsh)_Infantry_Division" title="53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division">53rd (Welsh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_(East_Anglian)_Infantry_Division" title="54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division">54th (East Anglian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_(West_Lancashire)_Division" title="55th (West Lancashire) Division">55th (West Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_(London)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="56th (London) Division">56th (1/1st London)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd Line</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_(2nd_Wessex)_Division" title="45th (2nd Wessex) Division">45th (2nd Wessex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_(2nd_West_Lancashire)_Division" title="57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division">57th (2nd West Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_(2/1st_London)_Division" title="58th (2/1st London) Division">58th (2/1st London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_(2nd_North_Midland)_Division" title="59th (2nd North Midland) Division">59th (2nd North Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_(2/2nd_London)_Division" title="60th (2/2nd London) Division">60th (2/2nd London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_(2nd_South_Midland)_Division" title="61st (2nd South Midland) Division">61st (2nd South Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_(2nd_West_Riding)_Division" title="62nd (2nd West Riding) Division">62nd (2nd West Riding)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_(2nd_Northumbrian)_Division" title="63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division">63rd (2nd Northumbrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_(2nd_Highland)_Division" title="64th (2nd Highland) Division">64th (2nd Highland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_(2nd_Lowland)_Division" title="65th (2nd Lowland) Division">65th (2nd Lowland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_(2nd_East_Lancashire)_Division" title="66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division">66th (2nd East Lancashire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_(2nd_Home_Counties)_Division" title="67th (2nd Home Counties) Division">67th (2nd Home Counties)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68th_(2nd_Welsh)_Division" title="68th (2nd Welsh) Division">68th (2nd Welsh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_(2nd_East_Anglian)_Division" title="69th (2nd East Anglian) Division">69th (2nd East Anglian)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/63rd_(Royal_Naval)_Division" title="63rd (Royal Naval) Division">63rd (Royal Naval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="71st Division (United Kingdom)">71st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="72nd Division (United Kingdom)">72nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="73rd Division (United Kingdom)">73rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_(Yeomanry)_Division" title="74th (Yeomanry) Division">74th (Yeomanry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="75th Division (United Kingdom)">75th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="2nd Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="3rd Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mounted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Mounted_Division" title="1st Mounted Division">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Mounted_Division" title="2nd Mounted Division">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Mounted_Division" title="3rd Mounted Division">2/2nd</a> (later 3rd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Mounted_Division" title="4th Mounted Division">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeomanry_Mounted_Division" title="Yeomanry Mounted Division">Yeomanry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Second_Boer_War_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Second Boer War (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_formations_during_the_Second_Boer_War" title="List of British Army formations during the Second Boer War">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_between_1809%E2%80%931909" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Division (United Kingdom)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Division (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Division (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonial Division (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">Colonial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">Cavalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mounted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Mounted_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Mounted Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Mounted_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Mounted Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Mounted_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Mounted Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Mounted_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Mounted Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Mounted_Division_in_the_Second_Boer_War_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Mounted Division in the Second Boer War (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">5th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crimean_War_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crimean War (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_divisions_during_the_Crimean_War" title="List of British divisions during the Crimean War">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_between_1809%E2%80%931909" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highland_Division_(United_Kingdom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Highland Division (United Kingdom) (page does not exist)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Division" title="Light Division">Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Napoleonic_Wars_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Napoleonic Wars (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_formations_during_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="List of British Army formations during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_between_1809%E2%80%931909" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909">1st</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a></li> <li><a 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