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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=AZLK" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=AZLK" title="You're encouraged to log in; 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<li id="toc-1929–1941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929–1941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1929–1941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1929–1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-war years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alternative names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/AZLK" title="Special:EditPage/AZLK">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22AZLK%22">"AZLK"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22AZLK%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22AZLK%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22AZLK%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22AZLK%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22AZLK%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">AZLK</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg/220px-Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg/330px-Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Logo_ao_moskvich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="77" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Government-owned" class="mw-redirect" title="Government-owned">Government-owned</a> (1929–1991, 2022–present), <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">privately owned</a> (1991–2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1930</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch OAO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, sports vehicles, vans, war machines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azlk.ru/">www.azlk.ru</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>AZLK</b> (<i>АЗЛК - Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола</i> in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola) is a Soviet and Russian <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> manufacturer (<a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>), the maker of the <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch</a> brand. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1930 as KIM, or <i>Communist Youth International</i>, the plant became MZMA (<i>Moscow Small Car Factory</i>) in 1939, before finally changing its name to the more familiar <i>Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola</i> (AZLK), literally "<a href="/wiki/Leninist_Communist_Youth_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninist Communist Youth League">Leninist Communist Youth League</a> Automobile Factory" in 1969. </p><p>Beginning in 1939, the factory's passenger cars were sold under the <i>Moskvitch</i> (Muscovite, a person whose origin or place of residence is Moscow) brand. The plant was originally under the authority of Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (<a href="/wiki/GAZ" title="GAZ">GAZ</a> – Gorky Automobile Factory) founded at about the same time, but by 1939 it was operationally independent. </p><p>AZLK's role in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Automotive industry in the Soviet Union">Soviet automotive industry</a> was the production of small cars, which could be classified as anywhere from <a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">compact</a> to mid-size. <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a> and <a href="/wiki/IZh" class="mw-redirect" title="IZh">IZh</a> were also charged with producing vehicles in the same category as AZLK, while GAZ handled the large car and full-size segment. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> in 1991, AZLK adopted <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch</a> as its corporate name, as it had already been used on all of the company's cars dating to 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1929–1941"><span id="1929.E2.80.931941"></span>1929–1941</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1929–1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg/220px-KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg/330px-KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg/440px-KIM-10-50_sedan1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>KIM 10-50</figcaption></figure> <p>The construction of the plant called <i>Moscow Car Assembly Factory</i> (Russian: Московский автосборочный завод) began in 1929. In 1930 the production of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Ford A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_AA" title="Ford Model AA">Ford AA</a> from parts that were provided by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> began. In December 1930 the plant was named <b>KIM</b> (<b>Zavod imeni Kommunsticheskogo Internatsionala Molodyozhi</b>, Russian: КИМ (Завод имени Коммунистического Интернационала Молодёжи) - Communist Youth International, literally "<i>Factory named after Communist Youth International</i>"), from 1930 to 1939 its official name was <b>Moscow Car Assembly Factory named after KIM</b> (Московский автосборочный завод имени КИМ) and then from 1939 until the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a> it was called <b>Moscow Car Factory named after KIM</b> (Московский автомобильный завод имени КИМ). In 1933, the production of the Ford A and Ford AA ceased. On August 1, 1933, the factory became a subsidiary of GAZ and produced GAZ AA using parts from GAZ. In 1939, KIM was no longer the subsidiary of GAZ and in the following year it started to produce their first own and original model, the KIM 10-50 (two-door saloon), inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Prefect" title="Ford Prefect">Ford Prefect</a>. There was also a convertible known as the KIM 10–51. Around 500 cars of both versions were made before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In the early 1941, approximately 2 prototypes of the KIM 10-52 were built. It was a four-door saloon which was the major difference between the KIM 10-52 and the KIM 10–50. There were plans for mass production of this car but they were interrupted by the beginning of the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_years">Post-war years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_407.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4467" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>Moskvitch-402</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of People's Commissars of the USSR">Council of People's Commissars of the USSR</a> adopted a decision on the production of small cars named "<i>Moskvich</i>". The plant was renamed to the "<i>Small Car Plant</i>" (PCA), and later again to "<i>Moscow Plant of Small Cars</i>" (MZMA, Moskovskiy Zavod Malolitrazhniy Avtomobiliy). In agreement with <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a>, the plant started to produce the Moskvich-400 passenger car based on the <a href="/wiki/Opel_Kadett#Kadett_"KJ38"_and_"K38_Spezial"_(1938–1940)" title="Opel Kadett">Opel Kadett</a>. In 1956, MZMA launched into production its own and highly successful model, the <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_402" title="Moskvitch 402">Moskvitch-402</a>, that was followed by the upgraded and restyled versions known as the M-403 and M-407 and later by the brand new <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch-408" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskvitch-408">Moskvitch-408</a> series. On May 18, 1967, the company produced its one millionth car.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 139">: 139 </span></sup> The same year, the first new <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_412" title="Moskvitch 412">Moskvitch 412</a> appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 149">: 149 </span></sup> The M-407 was the first Soviet automotive export to be truly successful in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> Up to half of all M-407 production was exported for a number of years, mainly to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries, Norway, Finland, and France.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup> Later models also proved a good value in Britain, Finland, and Norway, for instance, and in 1968, 55% of production was for export.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 144">: 144 </span></sup> </p><p>The name of the company was changed from <i>MZMA</i> to <i>AZLK</i> in October 1968 in honour of the <i>Lenin Komsomol</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s fiftieth anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 151">: 151 </span></sup> </p><p>During the 1960s, AZLK proposed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_415&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch 415 (page does not exist)">M-415</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_416&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch 416 (page does not exist)">M-416</a> <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a> vehicles. They were not proceeded with, either.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 163">: 163 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1970, AZLK updated the M-412's styling, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_353&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch 353 (page does not exist)">353</a>. Using M-412 mechanicals, it was larger but recognizably related. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_355&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch 355 (page does not exist)">355</a> of 1972 was larger still, with 23 cm (9.1 in) greater length, 14 cm (5.5 in) more <a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">wheelbase</a>, and 8 cm (3.1 in) more width.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> This made both the interior and the <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk (automobile)">boot</a> noticeably larger.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> The 355 was further developed into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_356&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch 356 (page does not exist)">356</a> between 1973 and 1975, with "much bolder front end styling", new suspension, and an enlarged 1,799 cc (109.8 cu in) version of the <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_DM" title="Moskvitch DM">DM</a> engine with twin <a href="/wiki/Zenith_carburettor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenith carburettor">Zenith</a> carburetors, giving 103 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (77 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 104 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>), with a <a href="/wiki/Borg-Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Borg-Warner">Borg-Warner</a> transmission planned.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> 1600cc and 1700cc engines were also planned. None was built.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG/220px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG/330px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG/440px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_423.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4897" data-file-height="2418" /></a><figcaption>Moskvitch-423</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe,_produced_in_1968,_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival,_Budapest,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg/220px-Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg/330px-Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg/440px-Moskvitch_408_Sedan_de_luxe%2C_produced_in_1968%2C_at_the_I._International_Oldtimer_and_Youngtimer_Festival%2C_Budapest%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Moskvitch-408</figcaption></figure> <p>AZLK in August 1974 sold its two millionth unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> </p><p>In order to replace the <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_408" title="Moskvitch 408">408</a> and M-412,<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> in 1975 Moskvitch designed a four-door <a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">fastback</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch C1 (page does not exist)">C1</a> (Series One), with a 1,702 cc (103.9 cu in) version of the DM straight four, offering 81 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (60 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 82 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>), to give a top speed of 93 mph (150 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 167">: 167 </span></sup> Unlike the M-412, it had <a href="/wiki/MacPherson_strut" title="MacPherson strut">MacPherson struts</a> in front and independent trailing arms in back.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 167">: 167 </span></sup> It did not reach the company's goals and was never built, but inspired the four door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_C2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch C2 (page does not exist)">C2</a> in 1976, which never passed the <a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">mockup</a> stage, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskvitch_C3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskvitch C3 (page does not exist)">C3</a>, which was very similar but a five-door <a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">hatchback</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 167">: 167 </span></sup> The engine would have been fitted at an angle from the vertical (like the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Slant-6_engine" title="Chrysler Slant-6 engine">Chrysler slant six</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> None of these projects reached production.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164">: 164 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_(orange_colored)_(first_exhibit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg/220px-AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg/330px-AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg/440px-AZLK-2140_%22Moskvich%22_%28orange_colored%29_%28first_exhibit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Moskvitch-2140</figcaption></figure> <p>The M-408 and M-412 were discontinued in December 1975, replaced by facelifted variants, the 50 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (37 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 51 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>) 1,358 cc (82.9 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_2140" title="Moskvitch 2140">2138</a> (1360) and 75 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (56 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 76 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>) 1,478 cc (90.2 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch_2140" title="Moskvitch 2140">2140</a> (1500), which entered production the next month.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> In fact, the M-2138 and M-2140 were built in stages: M-412 bodies with the boot lid, rear wings, and tail of the M-2140; then M-2140 bodies with M-412 doors; and then, early in 1976, all-M-2140s.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> These "hybrid" models are now very rare.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> The M-21381 and M-21401 were offered as ambulance models, also, as well as the right-hand drive M-21402.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 171">: 171 </span></sup> In addition, there was a "rural" M-21406, with a low-<a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">compression</a> 68 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (51 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 69 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>) engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> (This same engine, in the standard model, earned the designation M-2140D.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup>) </p><p>They were joined in 1976 by the 1,358 cc (82.9 cu in)-powered 2136 and 1,478 cc (90.2 cu in)-engined M-2137 <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">estate</a>; these were sold in much smaller numbers, the M-2136 surviving only until 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> There were also two <a href="/wiki/Sedan_delivery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedan delivery">sedan delivery</a> variants, the M-2733 (1,358 cc (82.9 cu in)) and M-2734 (1,478 cc (90.2 cu in)).<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> A small number of <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickups</a> (M-27334 and M-27344, with (1,358 cc (82.9 cu in)) and (1,478 cc (90.2 cu in)), respectively); these weren't produced for a long time, either.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> By the 1980s, the deliveries had virtually disappeared, as well, because AZLK simply could not keep up with a demand for saloons.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 170">: 170 </span></sup> </p><p>Although the M-2138 and M-2140 were sold in Eastern Europe and exported to Belgium and Finland, where they were sold under the Scaldia <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">marque</a>, they were being gradually pushed off the market by a large variety of cars offered by <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson08_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 171">: 171 </span></sup> In response, Moskvitch launched into production a brand new and much more modern rear-wheel drive car with a roomy interior in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Aleko" title="Aleko">Moskvitch-2141</a>, that was often upgraded and restyled during the period of its production. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleko_2141_S_(Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike)_(15805415925).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg/220px-Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg/330px-Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg/440px-Aleko_2141_S_%28Moskvitch_Chrysler-Talbot_Alpine_lookalike%29_%2815805415925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Moskvitch-2141</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Soviet_period">Post-Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch</a></div> <p>In the early 1990s AZLK still remained one of the largest auto companies in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>. Design and experimental work was prepared to create a new model car (<a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a> M-2142) and an engine plant. </p><p>As of 2022, the brand restarted production in the Russian market with the use of licensed Chinese vehicles making use of a factory that was once owned by Renault. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_names">Alternative names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alternative names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Moskvitch Stock Venture (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">АО Москвич</span>, from 1991 until bankruptcy in 2006)</li> <li>AZLK (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">АЗЛК</span>, from 1968 to 1991, the abbreviation means <i>Automobile Plant named after the Leninist <a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a></i>)</li> <li>ZMA, or MZMA (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">ЗМА</span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">МЗМА</span>, from 1945 to 1968, the abbreviation stands for <i>(Moscow) Plant of <a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Small Automobiles</a></i>)</li> <li>KIM (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">КИМ</span>, from 1939 to 1941, the name means <i>Moscow Automobile Plant named after the <a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_International" title="Young Communist International">Young Communist International</a>)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thompson08-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson08_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThompson2008" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Andrew (26 Jun 2008). <i>Cars of the Soviet Union : the definitive history</i>. Somerset, UK: J H Haynes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1844254836" title="Special:BookSources/1844254836"><bdi>1844254836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cars+of+the+Soviet+Union+%3A+the+definitive+history&rft.place=Somerset%2C+UK&rft.pub=J+H+Haynes&rft.date=2008-06-26&rft.isbn=1844254836&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAZLK" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZLK&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azlk.ru">AZLK site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azlk-team.ru">AZLK-car support</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki-azlk.ru">Russian WIKI AZLK</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911125055/http://www.bvl.com.ua/?id=site&content=16&article=6&page=1">History of AZLK</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Automotive_industry_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Template:Automotive industry in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Automotive_industry_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Automotive industry in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport in Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avtotor" title="Avtotor">Avtotor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChechenAvto" title="ChechenAvto">ChechenAvto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAZ_Group" title="GAZ Group">GAZ Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GAZ" title="GAZ">GAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAZ_Group_Bus_Division" title="GAZ Group Bus Division">Bus Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAvZ" title="KAvZ">KAvZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiAZ_(Russia)" title="LiAZ (Russia)">LiAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo_Bus_Factory" title="Pavlovo Bus Factory">PAZ</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaz" title="Kamaz">Kamaz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neftekamsk_Automotive_Plant" title="Neftekamsk Automotive Plant">NefAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAMI_(automotive_institute)" title="NAMI (automotive institute)">NAMI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurus_Motors" title="Aurus Motors">Aurus Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lada" title="Lada">Lada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lada_Izhevsk" title="Lada Izhevsk">Lada Izhevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lada_Saint_Petersburg" title="Lada Saint Petersburg">Lada Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIS-AVTO" title="VIS-AVTO">VIS-AVTO/Bronto</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simaz (page does not exist)">Simaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sollers_-_Naberezhnye_Chelny" title="Sollers - Naberezhnye Chelny">Naberezhnye Chelny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAZ" title="UAZ">UAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonar_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonar (company) (page does not exist)">Tonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Automotive_Plant" title="Ural Automotive Plant">UralAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgabus" title="Volgabus">Volgabus</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Special_vehicles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Automobile_Plant" title="Bryansk Automobile Plant">BAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheboksarsk_Industrial_Tractor_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheboksarsk Industrial Tractor Plant (page does not exist)">CheTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Tractor_Plant" title="Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant">ChTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelyabinsk_Industrial_Tractor_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelyabinsk Industrial Tractor Plant (page does not exist)">ChelZPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmash" title="Irmash">Irmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_Concern" title="Kalashnikov Concern">Kalashnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombat_Armouring" title="Kombat Armouring">Kombat Armouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_Transport_Systems" title="PC Transport Systems">PC Transport Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silant" title="Silant">Silant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinara_Transport_Machines" title="Sinara Transport Machines">Sinara Transport Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokolnichesky_Car-Repair_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokolnichesky Car-Repair Plant (page does not exist)">SVARZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_Mechanical_Plant" title="Vologda Mechanical Plant">Trans-Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TREKOL" title="TREKOL">TREKOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralmash" title="Uralmash">Uralmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralvagonzavod" title="Uralvagonzavod">Uralvagonzavod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTTZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTTZ (page does not exist)">UTTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarovit_Motors" title="Yarovit Motors">Yarovit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetsteh" title="Spetsteh">ZVM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_Motor" title="Great Wall Motor">Haval Rus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign companies with former operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Daimler Kamaz Rus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco AMT</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN Truck & Bus Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda Sollers</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz Rus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">PCMA Rus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo Trucks Russia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_(company)" title="Amur (company)">AMUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avtokam" title="Avtokam">Avtokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoKuban" title="AvtoKuban">AvtoKuban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAW-RUS_Motor_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAW-RUS Motor Corporation (page does not exist)">BAW-RUS Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derways_Automobile_Company" title="Derways Automobile Company">Derways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doninvest" title="Doninvest">Doninvest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TagAZ" title="TagAZ">TagAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GolAZ" title="GolAZ">GolAZ</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanashsky_Auto_Aggregate_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanashsky Auto Aggregate Factory (page does not exist)">KAAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Wheel_Tractor_Plant" title="Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant">KZKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marussia_Motors" title="Marussia Motors">Marussia Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt">Russo-Balt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_Research_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractor Research Institution">NATI</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolza" title="Trolza">Trolza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeAZ" title="SeAZ">SeAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOK_Group" title="SOK Group">SOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers-Dalny Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Motor-Tractor_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Motor-Tractor Plant (page does not exist)">VMTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Mobile" title="Yo-Mobile">Yo-Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZiL" title="ZiL">ZiL</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_federal_highways" title="Russian federal highways">Russian federal highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_International_Automobile_Salon" title="Moscow International Automobile Salon">Moscow International Automobile Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoreview_Car_Assessment_Program" title="Autoreview Car Assessment Program">Autoreview Car Assessment Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Category:Automotive industry in Russia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry in Russia">Commons</a></li> <li><sup><small>1</small></sup> the company is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> former joint ventures</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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