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variability coefficient</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: rainfall variability coefficient"> <meta name="keywords" content="rainfall variability coefficient"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="rainfall variability coefficient"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3691</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rainfall variability coefficient</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3691</span> An Investigation of Trends and Variability of Rainfall in Shillong City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kumar%20Tanti">Kamal Kumar Tanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayan%20Moni%20Saikia"> Nayan Moni Saikia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markynti%20Swer"> Markynti Swer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate and analyse the trends and variability of rainfall in Shillong and its nearby areas, located in Meghalaya hills of North-East India; which is geographically a neighbouring area to the wettest places of the Earth, i.e., Cherrapunji and Mawsynram. The analysis of variability and trends to annual, seasonal, monthly and daily rainfall was carried out, using the data collected from the IMD station at Shillong; thereby attempting to highlight whether rainfall in Shillong area has been increasing or decreasing over the years. Rainfall variability coefficient is utilized to compare the current rainfall trend of the area with its past rainfall trends. The present study also aims to analyse the frequency of occurrence of extreme rainfall events over the region. These studies will help us to establish a correlation between the current rainfall trend and climate change scenario of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trends%20and%20variability%20of%20rainfall" title="trends and variability of rainfall">trends and variability of rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual" title=" annual"> annual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal" title=" seasonal"> seasonal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monthly%20and%20daily%20rainfall" title=" monthly and daily rainfall"> monthly and daily rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability%20coefficient" title=" rainfall variability coefficient"> rainfall variability coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20rainfall%20events" title=" extreme rainfall events"> extreme rainfall events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shillong" title=" Shillong"> Shillong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherrapunji" title=" Cherrapunji"> Cherrapunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mawsynram" title=" Mawsynram"> Mawsynram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45927/an-investigation-of-trends-and-variability-of-rainfall-in-shillong-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3690</span> Climate Trends, Variability, and Impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Rainfall Amount in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerihun%20Yohannes%20Amare">Zerihun Yohannes Amare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Birku%20Geremew"> Belayneh Birku Geremew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigatu%20Melise%20Kebede"> Nigatu Melise Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaynew%20Getahun%20Amera"> Sisaynew Getahun Amera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ethiopia, agricultural production is predominantly rainfed. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the driver of climate variability, which affects the agricultural production system in the country. This paper aims to study trends, variability of rainfall, and impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall amount. The study was carried out in Ethiopia's Western Amhara National Regional State, which features a variety of seasons that characterize the nation. Monthly rainfall data were collected from fifteen meteorological stations of Western Amhara. Selected El Niño and La Niña years were also extracted from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1986 to 2015. Once the data quality was checked and inspected, the monthly rainfall data of the selected stations were arranged in Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and analyzed using XLSTAT software. The coefficient of variation and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test was employed to analyze trends and variability of rainfall and temperature. The long-term recorded annual rainfall data indicated that there was an increasing trend from 1986 to 2015 insignificantly. The rainfall variability was less (Coefficient of Variation, CV = 8.6%); also, the mean monthly rainfall of Western Amhara decreased during El Niño years and increased during La Niña years, especially in the rainy season (JJAS) over 30 years. This finding will be useful to suggest possible adaptation strategies and efficient use of resources during planning and implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title="rainfall">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ni%C3%B1o" title=" El Niño"> El Niño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=La%20Ni%C3%B1a" title=" La Niña"> La Niña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Amhara" title=" Western Amhara"> Western Amhara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170694/climate-trends-variability-and-impacts-of-el-nino-southern-oscillation-on-rainfall-amount-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3689</span> Yield Level, Variability and Yield Gap of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Under Variable Climate Condition of the Semi-arid Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitih%20Ademe">Fitih Ademe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kibebew%20Kibret"> Kibebew Kibret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheleme%20Beyene"> Sheleme Beyene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mezgebu%20Getnet"> Mezgebu Getnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gashaw%20Meteke"> Gashaw Meteke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil moisture and nutrient availability are the two key edaphic factors that affect crop yields and are directly or indirectly affected by climate variability and change. The study examined climate-induced yield level, yield variability and gap of maize during 1981-2010 main growing season in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Pearson correlation test was employed to see the relationship between climate variables and yield. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to analyze annual yield variability. Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer cropping system model (DSSAT-CSM) was used to simulate the growth and yield of maize for the study period. The result indicated that maize grain yield was strongly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with seasonal rainfall (r=0.67 at Melkassa and r = 0.69 at Ziway) in the CRV while day temperature affected grain yield negatively (r= -0.44) at Ziway (P<0.05) during the simulation period. Variations in total seasonal rainfall at Melkassa and Ziway explained 44.9 and 48.5% of the variation in yield, respectively, under optimum nutrition. Following variation in rainfall, high yield variability (CV=23.5%, Melkassa and CV=25.3%, Ziway) was observed for optimum nutrient simulation than the corresponding nutrient limited simulation (CV=16%, Melkassa and 24.1%, Ziway) in the study period. The observed farmers’ yield was 72, 52 and 43% of the researcher-managed, water-limited and potential yield of the crop, respectively, indicating a wide maize yield gap in the region. The study revealed rainfed crop production in the CRV is prone to yield variabilities due to its high dependence on seasonal rainfall and nutrient level. Moreover, the high coefficient of variation in the yield gap for the 30-year period also foretells the need for dependable water supply at both locations. Given the wide yield gap especially during lower rainfall years across the simulation periods, it signifies the requirement for a more dependable application of irrigation water and a potential shift to irrigated agriculture; hence, adopting options that can improve water availability and nutrient use efficiency would be crucial for crop production in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20model" title=" crop model"> crop model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20availability" title=" water availability"> water availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20gap" title=" yield gap"> yield gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20variability" title=" yield variability"> yield variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175095/yield-level-variability-and-yield-gap-of-maize-zea-mays-l-under-variable-climate-condition-of-the-semi-arid-central-rift-valley-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3688</span> Analysis of Trend and Variability of Rainfall in the Mid-Mahanadi River Basin of Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabindra%20K.%20Panda">Rabindra K. Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjeet%20Singh"> Gurjeet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major objective of this study was to analyze the trend and variability of rainfall in the middle Mahandi river basin located in eastern India. The trend of variation of extreme rainfall events has predominant effect on agricultural water management and extreme hydrological events such as floods and droughts. Mahanadi river basin is one of the major river basins of India having an area of 1,41,589 km<sup>2</sup> and divided into three regions: Upper, middle and delta region. The middle region of Mahanadi river basin has an area of 48,700 km<sup>2</sup> and it is mostly dominated by agricultural land, where agriculture is mostly rainfed. The study region has five Agro-climatic zones namely: East and South Eastern Coastal Plain, North Eastern Ghat, Western Undulating Zone, Western Central Table Land and Mid Central Table Land, which were numbered as zones 1 to 5 respectively for convenience in reporting. In the present study, analysis of variability and trends of annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall was carried out, using the daily rainfall data collected from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for 35 years (1979-2013) for the 5 agro-climatic zones. The long term variability of rainfall was investigated by evaluating the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The long term trend of rainfall was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test on monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. It was found that there is a decreasing trend in the rainfall during the winter and pre monsoon seasons for zones 2, 3 and 4; whereas in the monsoon (rainy) season there is an increasing trend for zones 1, 4 and 5 with a level of significance ranging between 90-95%. On the other hand, the mean annual rainfall has an increasing trend at 99% significance level. The estimated seasonality index showed that the rainfall distribution is asymmetric and distributed over 3-4 months period. The study will help to understand the spatio-temporal variation of rainfall and to determine the correlation between the current rainfall trend and climate change scenario of the study region for multifarious use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eastern%20India" title="Eastern India">Eastern India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20variability%20and%20trends" title=" long-term variability and trends"> long-term variability and trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonality%20index" title=" seasonality index"> seasonality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20variation" title=" spatio-temporal variation"> spatio-temporal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53049/analysis-of-trend-and-variability-of-rainfall-in-the-mid-mahanadi-river-basin-of-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3687</span> Trend Analysis of Rainfall: A Climate Change Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyamli%20Singh">Shyamli Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishupinder%20Kaur"> Ishupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20K.%20Sharma"> Vinod K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate Change refers to the change in climate for extended period of time. Climate is changing from the past history of earth but anthropogenic activities accelerate this rate of change and which is now being a global issue. Increase in greenhouse gas emissions is causing global warming and climate change related issues at an alarming rate. Increasing temperature results in climate variability across the globe. Changes in rainfall patterns, intensity and extreme events are some of the impacts of climate change. Rainfall variability refers to the degree to which rainfall patterns varies over a region (spatial) or through time period (temporal). Temporal rainfall variability can be directly or indirectly linked to climate change. Such variability in rainfall increases the vulnerability of communities towards climate change. Increasing urbanization and unplanned developmental activities, the air quality is deteriorating. This paper mainly focuses on the rainfall variability due to increasing level of greenhouse gases. Rainfall data of 65 years (1951-2015) of Safdarjung station of Delhi was collected from Indian Meteorological Department and analyzed using Mann-Kendall test for time-series data analysis. Mann-Kendall test is a statistical tool helps in analysis of trend in the given data sets. The slope of the trend can be measured through Sen’s slope estimator. Data was analyzed monthly, seasonally and yearly across the period of 65 years. The monthly rainfall data for the said period do not follow any increasing or decreasing trend. Monsoon season shows no increasing trend but here was an increasing trend in the pre-monsoon season. Hence, the actual rainfall differs from the normal trend of the rainfall. Through this analysis, it can be projected that there will be an increase in pre-monsoon rainfall than the actual monsoon season. Pre-monsoon rainfall causes cooling effect and results in drier monsoon season. This will increase the vulnerability of communities towards climate change and also effect related developmental activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title="greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability" title=" rainfall variability"> rainfall variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sen%27s%20slope" title=" Sen's slope"> Sen's slope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91911/trend-analysis-of-rainfall-a-climate-change-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3686</span> Spatial Temporal Rainfall Trends in Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bright%20E.%20Owusu">Bright E. Owusu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nittaya%20McNeil"> Nittaya McNeil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall is one of the most essential quantities in meteorology and hydrology. It has important impacts on people’s daily life and excess or inadequate of it could bring tremendous losses in economy and cause fatalities. Population increase around the globe tends to have a corresponding increase in settlement and industrialization. Some countries are affected by flood and drought occasionally due to climate change, which disrupt most of the daily activities. Knowledge of trends in spatial and temporal rainfall variability and their physical explanations would be beneficial in climate change assessment and to determine erosivity. This study describes the spatial-temporal variability of daily rainfall in Australia and their corresponding long-term trend during 1950-2013. The spatial patterns were investigated by using exploratory factor analysis and the long term trend in rainfall time series were determined by linear regression, Mann-Kendall rank statistics and the Sen’s slope test. The exploratory factor analysis explained most of the variations in the data and grouped Australia into eight distinct rainfall regions with different rainfall patterns. Significant increasing trends in annual rainfall were observed in the northern regions of Australia. However, the northeastern part was the wettest of all the eight rainfall regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explanatory%20factor%20analysis" title=" explanatory factor analysis"> explanatory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20and%20Sen%E2%80%99s%20slope%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test"> Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall." title=" rainfall. "> rainfall. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25086/spatial-temporal-rainfall-trends-in-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3685</span> Analysis of Weather Variability Impact on Yields of Some Crops in Southwest, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumuyiwa%20Idowu%20Ojo">Olumuyiwa Idowu Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwatobi%20Peter%20Olowo"> Oluwatobi Peter Olowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study developed a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) database and mapped inter-annual changes in crop yields of cassava, cowpea, maize, rice, melon and yam as a response to inter-annual rainfall and temperature variability in Southwest, Nigeria. The aim of this project is to study the comparative analysis of the weather variability impact of six crops yield (Rice, melon, yam, cassava, Maize and cowpea) in South Western States of Nigeria (Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, Ondo, Ogun and Lagos) from 1991 – 2007. The data was imported and analysed in the Arch GIS 9 – 3 software environment. The various parameters (temperature, rainfall, crop yields) were interpolated using the kriging method. The results generated through interpolation were clipped to the study area. Geographically weighted regression was chosen from the spatial statistics toolbox in Arch GIS 9.3 software to analyse and predict the relationship between temperature, rainfall and the different crops (Cowpea, maize, rice, melon, yam, and cassava). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20yields" title=" crop yields"> crop yields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20variability" title=" weather variability"> weather variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35458/analysis-of-weather-variability-impact-on-yields-of-some-crops-in-southwest-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3684</span> Effect of Forests and Forest Cover Change on Rainfall in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemayehu%20Muluneh">Alemayehu Muluneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saskia%20Keesstra"> Saskia Keesstra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leo%20Stroosnijder"> Leo Stroosnijder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woldeamlak%20Bewket"> Woldeamlak Bewket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashenafi%20Burka"> Ashenafi Burka </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are some scientific evidences and a belief by many that forests attract rain and deforestation contributes to a decline of rainfall. However, there is still a lack of concrete scientific evidence on the role of forests in rainfall amount. In this paper, we investigate the forest-rainfall relationships in the environmentally hot spot area of the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Specifically, we evaluate long term (1970-2009) rainfall variability and its relationship with historical forest cover and the relationship between existing forest cover and topographical variables and rainfall distribution. The study used 16 long term and 15 short term rainfall stations. The Mann-Kendall test, bi variate and multiple regression models were used. The results show forest and wood land cover continuously declined over the 40 years period (1970-2009), but annual rainfall in the rift valley floor increased by 6.42 mm/year. But, on the escarpment and highlands, annual rainfall decreased by 2.48 mm/year. The increase in annual rainfall in the rift valley floor is partly attributable to the increase in evaporation as a result of increasing temperatures from the 4 existing lakes in the rift valley floor. Though, annual rainfall is decreasing on the escarpment and highlands, there was no significant correlation between this rainfall decrease and forest and wood land decline and also rainfall variability in the region was not explained by forest cover. Hence, the decrease in annual rainfall on the escarpment and highlands is likely related to the global warming of the atmosphere and the surface waters of the Indian Ocean. Spatial variability of number of rainy days from systematically observed two-year’s rainfall data (2012-2013) was significantly (R2=-0.63) explained by forest cover (distance from forest). But, forest cover was not a significant variable (R2=-0.40) in explaining annual rainfall amount. Generally, past deforestation and existing forest cover showed very little effect on long term and short term rainfall distribution, but a significant effect on number of rainy days in the CRV of Ethiopia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation" title="elevation">elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20cover" title=" forest cover"> forest cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18261/effect-of-forests-and-forest-cover-change-on-rainfall-in-the-central-rift-valley-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3683</span> Impact of Climate Variability on Household's Crop Income in Central Highlands and Arssi Grain Plough Areas of Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arega%20Shumetie%20Ademe">Arega Shumetie Ademe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belay%20Kassa"> Belay Kassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Degye%20Goshu"> Degye Goshu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majaliwa%20Mwanjalolo"> Majaliwa Mwanjalolo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently the world economy is suffering from one critical problem, climate change. Some studies done before identified that impact of the problem is region specific means in some part of the world (temperate zone) there is improvement in agricultural performance but in some others like in the tropics there is drastic reduction in crop production and crop income. Climate variability is becoming dominant cause of short-term fluctuation in rain-fed agricultural production and income of developing countries. The purely rain-fed Ethiopian agriculture is the most vulnerable sector to the risks and impacts of climate variability. Thus, this study tried to identify impact of climate variability on crop income of smallholders in Ethiopia. The research used eight rounded unbalanced panel data from 1994- 2014 collected from six villages in the study area. After having all diagnostic tests the research used fixed effect method of regression. Based on the regression result rainfall and temperature deviation from their respective long term averages have negative and significant effect on crop income. Other extreme devastating shocks like flood, storm and frost, which are sourced from climate variability, have significant and negative effect on crop income of households’. Parameters that notify rainfall inconsistency like late start, variation in availability at growing season, and early cessation are critical problems for crop income of smallholder households as to the model result. Given this, impact of climate variability is not consistent in different agro-ecologies of the country. Rainfall variability has similar impact on crop income in different agro-ecology, but variation in temperature affects cold agro-ecology villages negatively and significantly, while it has positive effect in warm villages. Parameters that represent rainfall inconsistency have similar impact in both agro-ecologies and the aggregate model regression. This implies climate variability sourced from rainfall inconsistency is the main problem of Ethiopian agriculture especially the crop production sub-sector of smallholder households. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20income" title=" crop income"> crop income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household" title=" household"> household</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40264/impact-of-climate-variability-on-households-crop-income-in-central-highlands-and-arssi-grain-plough-areas-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3682</span> Recent Climate Variability and Crop Production in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arragaw%20Alemayehu">Arragaw Alemayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woldeamlak%20Bewket"> Woldeamlak Bewket</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to understand the influence of current climate variability on crop production in the central highlands of Ethiopia. We used monthly rainfall and temperature data from 132 points each representing a pixel of 10×10 km. The data are reconstructions based on station records and meteorological satellite observations. Production data of the five major crops in the area were collected from the Central Statistical Agency for the period 2004-2013 and for the main cropping season, locally known as Meher. The production data are at the Enumeration Area (EA ) level and hence the best available dataset on crop production. The results show statistically significant decreasing trends in March–May (Belg) rainfall in the area. However, June – September (Kiremt) rainfall showed increasing trends in Efratana Gidim and Menz Gera Meder which the latter is statistically significant. Annual rainfall also showed positive trends in the area except Basona Werana where significant negative trends were observed. On the other hand, maximum and minimum temperatures showed warming trends in the study area. Correlation results have shown that crop production and area of cultivation have positive correlation with rainfall, and negative with temperature. When the trends in crop production are investigated, most crops showed negative trends and below average production was observed. Regression results have shown that rainfall was the most important determinant of crop production in the area. It is concluded that current climate variability has a significant influence on crop production in the area and any unfavorable change in the local climate in the future will have serious implications for household level food security. Efforts to adapt to the ongoing climate change should begin from tackling the current climate variability and take a climate risk management approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20highlands" title="central highlands">central highlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title=" climate variability"> climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20production" title=" crop production"> crop production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend" title=" trend"> trend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41419/recent-climate-variability-and-crop-production-in-the-central-highlands-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3681</span> Variability of Climatic Elements in Nigeria Over Recent 100 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Salami">T. Salami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20S.%20Idowu"> O. S. Idowu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20J.%20Bello"> N. J. Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climatic variability is an essential issue when dealing with the issue of climate change. Variability of some climate parameter helps to determine how variable the climatic condition of a region will behave. The most important of these climatic variables which help to determine the climatic condition in an area are both the Temperature and Precipitation. This research deals with Longterm climatic variability in Nigeria. Variables examined in this analysis include near-surface temperature, near surface minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure, precipitation, wet-day frequency and cloud cover using data ranging between 1901-2010. Analyses were carried out and the following methods were used: - Regression and EOF analysis. Results show that the annual average, minimum and maximum near-surface temperature all gradually increases from 1901 to 2010. And they are in the same case in a wet season and dry season. Minimum near-surface temperature, with its linear trends are significant for annual, wet season and dry season means. However, the diurnal temperature range decreases in the recent 100 years imply that the minimum near-surface temperature has increased more than the maximum. Both precipitation and wet day frequency decline from the analysis, demonstrating that Nigeria has become dryer than before by the way of rainfall. Temperature and precipitation variability has become very high during these periods especially in the Northern areas. Areas which had excessive rainfall were confronted with flooding and other related issues while area that had less precipitation were all confronted with drought. More practical issues will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title=" flooding"> flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excessive%20rainfall" title=" excessive rainfall"> excessive rainfall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40057/variability-of-climatic-elements-in-nigeria-over-recent-100-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3680</span> Sea Surface Trend over the Arabian Sea and Its Influence on the South West Monsoon Rainfall Variability over Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherly%20Shelton">Sherly Shelton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaohui%20Lin"> Zhaohui Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the inter-annual variability of summer precipitation over the India and Sri Lanka has intensified significantly with an increased frequency of both abnormally dry and wet summers. Therefore prediction of the inter-annual variability of summer precipitation is crucial and urgent for water management and local agriculture scheduling. However, none of the hypotheses put forward so far could understand the relationship to monsoon variability and related factors that affect to the South West Monsoon (SWM) variability in Sri Lanka. This study focused to identify the spatial and temporal variability of SWM rainfall events from June to September (JJAS) over Sri Lanka and associated trend. The monthly rainfall records covering 1980-2013 over the Sri Lanka are used for 19 stations to investigate long-term trends in SWM rainfall over Sri Lanka. The linear trends of atmospheric variables are calculated to understand the drivers behind the changers described based on the observed precipitation, sea surface temperature and atmospheric reanalysis products data for 34 years (1980–2013). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to understand the spatial and temporal behaviour of seasonal SWM rainfall variability and also investigate whether the trend pattern is the dominant mode that explains SWM rainfall variability. The spatial and stations based precipitation over the country showed statistically insignificant decreasing trends except few stations. The first two EOFs of seasonal (JJAS) mean of rainfall explained 52% and 23 % of the total variance and first PC showed positive loadings of the SWM rainfall for the whole landmass while strongest positive lording can be seen in western/ southwestern part of the Sri Lanka. There is a negative correlation (r ≤ -0.3) between SMRI and SST in the Arabian Sea and Central Indian Ocean which indicate that lower temperature in the Arabian Sea and Central Indian Ocean are associated with greater rainfall over the country. This study also shows that consistently warming throughout the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the perceptible water over the county is decreasing with the time which the influence to the reduction of precipitation over the area by weakening drawn draft. In addition, evaporation is getting weaker over the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Sri Lankan landmass which leads to reduction of moisture availability required for the SWM rainfall over Sri Lanka. At the same time, weakening of the SST gradients between Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal can deteriorate the monsoon circulation, untimely which diminish SWM over Sri Lanka. The decreasing trends of moisture, moisture transport, zonal wind, moisture divergence with weakening evaporation over Arabian Sea, during the past decade having an aggravating influence on decreasing trends of monsoon rainfall over the Sri Lanka. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20flux%20convergence" title=" moisture flux convergence"> moisture flux convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20West%20Monsoon" title=" South West Monsoon"> South West Monsoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lanka" title=" Sri Lanka"> Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20temperature" title=" sea surface temperature"> sea surface temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94971/sea-surface-trend-over-the-arabian-sea-and-its-influence-on-the-south-west-monsoon-rainfall-variability-over-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3679</span> Methods of Interpolating Temperature and Rainfall Distribution in Northern Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanh%20Van%20Hoang">Thanh Van Hoang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien%20Yin%20Chou"> Tien Yin Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Min%20Fang"> Yao Min Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Min%20Huang"> Yi Min Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Linh%20Nguyen"> Xuan Linh Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reliable information on the spatial distribution of annual rainfall and temperature is essential in research projects relating to urban and regional planning. This research presents results of a classification of temperature and rainfall in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam based on measurements from seven meteorological stations (Ha Nam, Hung Yen, Lang, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Phu Lien, Thai Binh) in the river basin over a thirty-years period from 1982-2011. The average accumulated rainfall trends in the delta are analysed and form the basis of research essential to weather and climate forecasting. This study employs interpolation based on the Kriging Method for daily rainfall (min and max) and daily temperature (min and max) in order to improve the understanding of sources of variation and uncertainly in these important meteorological parameters. To the Kriging method, the results will show the different models and the different parameters based on the various precipitation series. The results provide a useful reference to assist decision makers in developing smart agriculture strategies for the Red River Delta in Vietnam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20interpolation%20method" title="spatial interpolation method">spatial interpolation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20variability" title=" temperature variability"> temperature variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability" title=" rainfall variability"> rainfall variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Red%20River%20Delta" title=" Red River Delta"> Red River Delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnam" title=" Vietnam"> Vietnam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69071/methods-of-interpolating-temperature-and-rainfall-distribution-in-northern-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3678</span> Predictability of Kiremt Rainfall Variability over the Northern Highlands of Ethiopia on Dekadal and Monthly Time Scales Using Global Sea Surface Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kibrom%20Hadush">Kibrom Hadush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Countries like Ethiopia, whose economy is mainly rain-fed dependent agriculture, are highly vulnerable to climate variability and weather extremes. Sub-seasonal (monthly) and dekadal forecasts are hence critical for crop production and water resource management. Therefore, this paper was conducted to study the predictability and variability of Kiremt rainfall over the northern half of Ethiopia on monthly and dekadal time scales in association with global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) at different lag time. Trends in rainfall have been analyzed on annual, seasonal (Kiremt), monthly, and dekadal (June–September) time scales based on rainfall records of 36 meteorological stations distributed across four homogenous zones of the northern half of Ethiopia for the period 1992–2017. The results from the progressive Mann–Kendall trend test and the Sen’s slope method shows that there is no significant trend in the annual, Kiremt, monthly and dekadal rainfall total at most of the station's studies. Moreover, the rainfall in the study area varies spatially and temporally, and the distribution of the rainfall pattern increases from the northeast rift valley to northwest highlands. Methods of analysis include graphical correlation and multiple linear regression model are employed to investigate the association between the global SSTs and Kiremt rainfall over the homogeneous rainfall zones and to predict monthly and dekadal (June-September) rainfall using SST predictors. The results of this study show that in general, SST in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is the main source of the predictive skill of the Kiremt rainfall variability over the northern half of Ethiopia. The regional SSTs in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean as well contribute to the Kiremt rainfall variability over the study area. Moreover, the result of the correlation analysis showed that the decline of monthly and dekadal Kiremt rainfall over most of the homogeneous zones of the study area are caused by the corresponding persistent warming of the SST in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the period 1992 - 2017. It is also found that the monthly and dekadal Kiremt rainfall over the northern, northwestern highlands and northeastern lowlands of Ethiopia are positively correlated with the SST in the western equatorial Pacific, eastern and tropical northern the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, the SSTs in the western equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are positively correlated to the Kiremt season rainfall in the northeastern highlands. Overall, the results showed that the prediction models using combined SSTs at various ocean regions (equatorial and tropical) performed reasonably well in the prediction (With R2 ranging from 30% to 65%) of monthly and dekadal rainfall and recommends it can be used for efficient prediction of Kiremt rainfall over the study area to aid with systematic and informed decision making within the agricultural sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dekadal" title="dekadal">dekadal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiremt%20rainfall" title=" Kiremt rainfall"> Kiremt rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monthly" title=" monthly"> monthly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Ethiopia" title=" Northern Ethiopia"> Northern Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20temperature" title=" sea surface temperature"> sea surface temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111579/predictability-of-kiremt-rainfall-variability-over-the-northern-highlands-of-ethiopia-on-dekadal-and-monthly-time-scales-using-global-sea-surface-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3677</span> Simulation of Optimal Runoff Hydrograph Using Ensemble of Radar Rainfall and Blending of Runoffs Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myungjin%20Lee">Myungjin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daegun%20Han"> Daegun Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongsung%20Kim"> Jongsung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soojun%20Kim"> Soojun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung%20Soo%20Kim"> Hung Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the localized heavy rainfall and typhoons are frequently occurred due to the climate change and the damage is becoming bigger. Therefore, we may need a more accurate prediction of the rainfall and runoff. However, the gauge rainfall has the limited accuracy in space. Radar rainfall is better than gauge rainfall for the explanation of the spatial variability of rainfall but it is mostly underestimated with the uncertainty involved. Therefore, the ensemble of radar rainfall was simulated using error structure to overcome the uncertainty and gauge rainfall. The simulated ensemble was used as the input data of the rainfall-runoff models for obtaining the ensemble of runoff hydrographs. The previous studies discussed about the accuracy of the rainfall-runoff model. Even if the same input data such as rainfall is used for the runoff analysis using the models in the same basin, the models can have different results because of the uncertainty involved in the models. Therefore, we used two models of the SSARR model which is the lumped model, and the Vflo model which is a distributed model and tried to simulate the optimum runoff considering the uncertainty of each rainfall-runoff model. The study basin is located in Han river basin and we obtained one integrated runoff hydrograph which is an optimum runoff hydrograph using the blending methods such as Multi-Model Super Ensemble (MMSE), Simple Model Average (SMA), Mean Square Error (MSE). From this study, we could confirm the accuracy of rainfall and rainfall-runoff model using ensemble scenario and various rainfall-runoff model and we can use this result to study flood control measure due to climate change. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA) grant funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant 18AWMP-B083066-05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20rainfall%20ensemble" title="radar rainfall ensemble">radar rainfall ensemble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20models" title=" rainfall-runoff models"> rainfall-runoff models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending%20method" title=" blending method"> blending method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20runoff%20hydrograph" title=" optimum runoff hydrograph"> optimum runoff hydrograph</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76203/simulation-of-optimal-runoff-hydrograph-using-ensemble-of-radar-rainfall-and-blending-of-runoffs-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3676</span> Spatially Distributed Rainfall Prediction Based on Automated Kriging for Landslide Early Warning Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekrem%20Canli">Ekrem Canli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Glade"> Thomas Glade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The precise prediction of rainfall in space and time is a key element to most landslide early warning systems. Unfortunately, the spatial variability of rainfall in many early warning applications is often disregarded. A common simplification is to use uniformly distributed rainfall to characterize aerial rainfall intensity. With spatially differentiated rainfall information, real-time comparison with rainfall thresholds or the implementation in process-based approaches might form the basis for improved landslide warnings. This study suggests an automated workflow from the hourly, web-based collection of rain gauge data to the generation of spatially differentiated rainfall predictions based on kriging. Because the application of kriging is usually a labor intensive task, a simplified and consequently automated variogram modeling procedure was applied to up-to-date rainfall data. The entire workflow was carried out purely with open source technology. Validation results, albeit promising, pointed out the challenges that are involved in pure distance based, automated geostatistical interpolation techniques for ever-changing environmental phenomena over short temporal and spatial extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kriging" title="kriging">kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide%20early%20warning%20system" title=" landslide early warning system"> landslide early warning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20rainfall%20prediction" title=" spatial rainfall prediction"> spatial rainfall prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variogram%20modelling" title=" variogram modelling"> variogram modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20scraping" title=" web scraping"> web scraping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60188/spatially-distributed-rainfall-prediction-based-on-automated-kriging-for-landslide-early-warning-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3675</span> Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Effects and What Answers?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdoulahad%20Allamine">Abdoulahad Allamine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate variability on agriculture and food security in 43 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. We use for this purpose the data from BADC bases, UNCTAD, and WDI FAOSTAT to estimate a VAR model on panel data. The sample is divided into three (03) agro-climatic zones, more explicitly the equatorial zone, the Sahel region and the semi-arid zone. This allows to highlight the differential impacts sustained by countries and appropriate responses to each group of countries. The results show that the sharp fluctuations in the volume of rainfall negatively affect agriculture and food security of countries in the equatorial zone, with heavy rainfall and high temperatures in the Sahel region. However, countries with low temperatures and low rainfall are the least affected. The hedging policies against the risks of climate variability must be more active in the first two groups of countries. On this basis and in general, we recommend integration of agricultural policies between countries is done to reduce the effects of climate variability on agriculture and food security. It would be logical to encourage regional and international closer collaboration on the development and dissemination of improved varieties, ecological intensification, and management of biotic and abiotic stresses facing these climate variability to sustainably increase food production. Small farmers also need training in agricultural risk hedging techniques related to climate variations; this requires an increase in state budgets allocated to agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro-climatic%20zones" title="agro-climatic zones">agro-climatic zones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title=" climate variability"> climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20on%20panel%20data" title=" VAR on panel data"> VAR on panel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32553/climate-change-agriculture-and-food-security-in-sub-saharan-africa-what-effects-and-what-answers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3674</span> Spatio-Temporal Changes of Rainfall in São Paulo, Brazil (1973-2012): A Gamma Distribution and Cluster Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guilherme%20Henrique%20Gabriel">Guilherme Henrique Gabriel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luc%C3%AD%20Hidalgo%20Nunes"> Lucí Hidalgo Nunes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important feature of rainfall regimes is the variability, which is subject to the atmosphere’s general and regional dynamics, geographical position and relief. Despite being inherent to the climate system, it can harshly impact virtually all human activities. In turn, global climate change has the ability to significantly affect smaller-scale rainfall regimes by altering their current variability patterns. In this regard, it is useful to know if regional climates are changing over time and whether it is possible to link these variations to climate change trends observed globally. This study is part of an international project (Metropole-FAPESP, Proc. 2012/51876-0 and Proc. 2015/11035-5) and the objective was to identify and evaluate possible changes in rainfall behavior in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, using rainfall data from 79 rain gauges for the last forty years. Cluster analysis and gamma distribution parameters were used for evaluating spatial and temporal trends, and the outcomes are presented by means of geographic information systems tools. Results show remarkable changes in rainfall distribution patterns in São Paulo over the years: changes in shape and scale parameters of gamma distribution indicate both an increase in the irregularity of rainfall distribution and the probability of occurrence of extreme events. Additionally, the spatial outcome of cluster analysis along with the gamma distribution parameters suggest that changes occurred simultaneously over the whole area, indicating that they could be related to remote causes beyond the local and regional ones, especially in a current global climate change scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20distribution" title=" gamma distribution"> gamma distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71373/spatio-temporal-changes-of-rainfall-in-sao-paulo-brazil-1973-2012-a-gamma-distribution-and-cluster-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3673</span> Effect of Climate Variability on Honeybee's Production in Ondo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20Orimisan%20Ijigbade">Justin Orimisan Ijigbade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted to assess the effect of climate variability on honeybee’s production in Ondo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed to collect the data from 60 beekeepers across six Local Government Areas in Ondo State. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and multiple regression model analyses. The results showed that 93.33% of the respondents were male with 80% above 40 years of age. Majority of the respondents (96.67%) had formal education and 90% produced honey for commercial purpose. The result revealed that 90% of the respondents admitted that low temperature as a result of long hours/period of rainfall affected the foraging efficiency of the worker bees, 73.33% claimed that long period of low humidity resulted in low level of nectar flow, while 70% submitted that high temperature resulted in improper composition of workers, dunes and queen in the hive colony. The result of multiple regression showed that beekeepers’ experience, educational level, access to climate information, temperature and rainfall were the main factors affecting honey bees production in the study area. Therefore, beekeepers should be given more education on climate variability and its adaptive strategies towards ensuring better honeybees production in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybees%20production" title=" honeybees production"> honeybees production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20and%20temperature" title=" rainfall and temperature"> rainfall and temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46834/effect-of-climate-variability-on-honeybees-production-in-ondo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3672</span> Spatiotemporal Variability in Rainfall Trends over Sinai Peninsula Using Nonparametric Methods and Discrete Wavelet Transforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaad%20Khadr">Mosaad Khadr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall trends has been of great concern for efficient water resource planning, management. In this study annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall trends over the Sinai Peninsula were analyzed by using absolute homogeneity tests, nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator methods. The homogeneity of rainfall time-series was examined using four absolute homogeneity tests namely, the Pettitt test, standard normal homogeneity test, Buishand range test, and von Neumann ratio test. Further, the sequential change in the trend of annual and seasonal rainfalls is conducted using sequential MK (SQMK) method. Then the trend analysis based on discrete wavelet transform technique (DWT) in conjunction with SQMK method is performed. The spatial patterns of the detected rainfall trends were investigated using a geostatistical and deterministic spatial interpolation technique. The results achieved from the Mann–Kendall test to the data series (using the 5% significance level) highlighted that rainfall was generally decreasing in January, February, March, November, December, wet season, and annual rainfall. A significant decreasing trend in the winter and annual rainfall with significant levels were inferred based on the Mann-Kendall rank statistics and linear trend. Further, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis reveal that in general, intra- and inter-annual events (up to 4 years) are more influential in affecting the observed trends. The nature of the trend captured by both methods is similar for all of the cases. On the basis of spatial trend analysis, significant rainfall decreases were also noted in the investigated stations. Overall, significant downward trends in winter and annual rainfall over the Sinai Peninsula was observed during the study period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20analysis" title="trend analysis">trend analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann%E2%80%93Kendall%20test" title=" Mann–Kendall test"> Mann–Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet transform"> discrete wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinai%20Peninsula" title=" Sinai Peninsula"> Sinai Peninsula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105793/spatiotemporal-variability-in-rainfall-trends-over-sinai-peninsula-using-nonparametric-methods-and-discrete-wavelet-transforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3671</span> Projected Uncertainties in Herbaceous Production Result from Unpredictable Rainfall Pattern and Livestock Grazing in a Humid Tropical Savanna Ecosystem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Osieko%20Okach">Daniel Osieko Okach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Otieno%20Ondier"> Joseph Otieno Ondier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerhard%20Rambold"> Gerhard Rambold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Tenhunen"> John Tenhunen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Huwe"> Bernd Huwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Otieno"> Dennis Otieno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increased human activities such as grazing, logging, and agriculture alongside unpredictable rainfall patterns have been detrimental to the ecosystem service delivery, therefore compromising its productivity potential. This study aimed at simulating the impact of drought (50%) and enhanced rainfall (150%) on the future herbaceous CO2 uptake, biomass production and soil C:N dynamics in a humid savanna ecosystem influenced by livestock grazing. Rainfall pattern was predicted using manipulation experiments set up to reduce (50%) and increase (150%) ambient (100%) rainfall amounts in grazed and non-grazed plots. The impact of manipulated rainfall regime on herbaceous CO2 fluxes, biomass production and soil C:N dynamics was measured against volumetric soil water content (VWC) logged every 30 minutes using the 5TE (Decagon Devices Inc., Washington, USA) soil moisture sensors installed (at 20 cm soil depth) in every plots. Herbaceous biomass was estimated using destructive method augmented by standardized photographic imaging. CO2 fluxes were measured using the ecosystem chamber method and the gas analysed using LI-820 gas analyzer (USA). C:N ratio was calculated from the soil carbon and Nitrogen contents (analyzed using EA2400CHNS/O and EA2410 N elemental analyzers respectively) of different plots under study. The patterning of VWC was directly influenced by the rainfall amount with lower VWC observed in the grazed compared to the non-grazed plots. Rainfall variability, grazing and their interaction significantly affected changes in VWC (p < 0.05) and subsequently total biomass and CO2 fluxes. VWC had a strong influence on CO2 fluxes under 50% rainfall reduction in the grazed (r2 = 0.91; p < 0.05) and ambient rainfall in the ungrazed (r2 = 0.77; p < 0.05). The dependence of biomass on VWC across plots was enhanced under grazed (r2 = 0.78 - 0.87; p < 0.05) condition as compared to ungrazed (r2 = 0.44 - 0.85; p < 0.05). The C:N ratio was however not correlated to VWC across plots. This study provides insight on how the predicted trends in humid savanna will respond to changes influenced by rainfall variability and livestock grazing and consequently the sustainable management of such ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20fluxes" title="CO2 fluxes">CO2 fluxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20manipulation" title=" rainfall manipulation"> rainfall manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20properties" title=" soil properties"> soil properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103563/projected-uncertainties-in-herbaceous-production-result-from-unpredictable-rainfall-pattern-and-livestock-grazing-in-a-humid-tropical-savanna-ecosystem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3670</span> Comparison of Different Methods to Produce Fuzzy Tolerance Relations for Rainfall Data Classification in the Region of Central Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Samarinas">N. Samarinas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Evangelides"> C. Evangelides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Vrekos"> C. Vrekos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is the comparison of three different methods, in order to produce fuzzy tolerance relations for rainfall data classification. More specifically, the three methods are correlation coefficient, cosine amplitude and max-min method. The data were obtained from seven rainfall stations in the region of central Greece and refers to 20-year time series of monthly rainfall height average. Three methods were used to express these data as a fuzzy relation. This specific fuzzy tolerance relation is reformed into an equivalence relation with max-min composition for all three methods. From the equivalence relation, the rainfall stations were categorized and classified according to the degree of confidence. The classification shows the similarities among the rainfall stations. Stations with high similarity can be utilized in water resource management scenarios interchangeably or to augment data from one to another. Due to the complexity of calculations, it is important to find out which of the methods is computationally simpler and needs fewer compositions in order to give reliable results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance%20relations" title=" tolerance relations"> tolerance relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20data" title=" rainfall data"> rainfall data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84539/comparison-of-different-methods-to-produce-fuzzy-tolerance-relations-for-rainfall-data-classification-in-the-region-of-central-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3669</span> Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Change over the Blue Nile Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hany%20Mustafa">Hany Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Roushdi"> Mahmoud Roushdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Kheireldin"> Khaled Kheireldin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall variability is an important feature of semi-arid climates. Climate change is very likely to increase the frequency, magnitude, and variability of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms. The Blue Nile Basin is facing extreme climate change-related events such as floods and droughts and its possible impacts on ecosystem, livelihood, agriculture, livestock, and biodiversity are expected. Rainfall variability is a threat to food production in the Blue Nile Basin countries. This study investigates the long-term variations and trends of seasonal and annual precipitation over the Blue Nile Basin for 102-year period (1901-2002). Six statistical trend analysis of precipitation was performed with nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. On the other hands, four statistical absolute homogeneity tests: Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, Buishand Range test, Pettitt test and the Von Neumann ratio test were applied to test the homogeneity of the rainfall data, using XLSTAT software, which results of p-valueless than alpha=0.05, were significant. The percentages of significant trends obtained for each parameter in the different seasons are presented. The study recommends adaptation strategies to be streamlined to relevant policies, enhancing local farmers’ adaptive capacity for facing future climate change effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blue%20Nile%20basin" title="Blue Nile basin">Blue Nile basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20test" title=" Mann-Kendall test"> Mann-Kendall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20analysis" title=" trend analysis"> trend analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36685/statistical-analysis-of-rainfall-change-over-the-blue-nile-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3668</span> Effect of Climate Change on Groundwater Recharge in a Sub-Humid Sub-Tropical Region of Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20Jena">Suraj Jena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabindra%20Kumar%20Panda"> Rabindra Kumar Panda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study region of the reported study was in Eastern India, having a sub-humid sub-tropical climate and sandy loam soil. The rainfall in this region has wide temporal and spatial variation. Due to lack of adequate surface water to meet the irrigation and household demands, groundwater is being over exploited in that region leading to continuous depletion of groundwater level. Therefore, there is an obvious urgency in reversing the depleting groundwater level through induced recharge, which becomes more critical under the climate change scenarios. The major goal of the reported study was to investigate the effects of climate change on groundwater recharge and subsequent adaptation strategies. Groundwater recharge was modelled using HELP3, a quasi-two-dimensional, deterministic, water-routing model along with global climate models (GCMs) and three global warming scenarios, to examine the changes in groundwater recharge rates for a 2030 climate under a variety of soil and vegetation covers. The relationship between the changing mean annual recharge and mean annual rainfall was evaluated for every combination of soil and vegetation using sensitivity analysis. The relationship was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) with a coefficient of determination of 0.81. Vegetation dynamics and water-use affected by the increase in potential evapotranspiration for large climate variability scenario led to significant decrease in recharge from 49–658 mm to 18–179 mm respectively. Therefore, appropriate conjunctive use, irrigation schedule and enhanced recharge practices under the climate variability and land use/land cover change scenarios impacting the groundwater recharge needs to be understood properly for groundwater sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Groundwater%20recharge" title="Groundwater recharge">Groundwater recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title=" climate variability"> climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Land%20use%2Fcover" title=" Land use/cover"> Land use/cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCM" title=" GCM"> GCM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47139/effect-of-climate-change-on-groundwater-recharge-in-a-sub-humid-sub-tropical-region-of-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3667</span> Modelling Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides in the Northern New South Wales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ravindran">S. Ravindran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.Liu"> Y.Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Gratchev"> I. Gratchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.Jeng"> D.Jeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are more common in the northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. From 2009 to 2017, around 105 rainfall-induced landslides occurred along the road corridors and caused temporary road closures in the northern NSW. Rainfall causing shallow landslides has different distributions of rainfall varying from uniform, normal, decreasing to increasing rainfall intensity. The duration of rainfall varied from one day to 18 days according to historical data. The objective of this research is to analyse slope instability of some of the sites in the northern NSW by varying cumulative rainfall using SLOPE/W and SEEP/W and compare with field data of rainfall causing shallow landslides. The rainfall data and topographical data from public authorities and soil data obtained from laboratory tests will be used for this modelling. There is a likelihood of shallow landslides if the cumulative rainfall is between 100 mm to 400 mm in accordance with field data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslides" title="landslides">landslides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction" title=" suction"> suction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99770/modelling-rainfall-induced-shallow-landslides-in-the-northern-new-south-wales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3666</span> Impacts of Climate Change on Food Grain Yield and Its Variability across Seasons and Altitudes in Odisha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dibakar%20Sahoo">Dibakar Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sridevi%20Gummadi"> Sridevi Gummadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of the study is to empirically analyse the climatic impacts on foodgrain yield and its variability across seasons and altitudes in Odisha, one of the most vulnerable states in India. The study uses Just-Pope Stochastic Production function by using two-step Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS): mean equation estimation and variance equation estimation. The study uses the panel data on foodgrain yield, rainfall and temperature for 13 districts during the period 1984-2013. The study considers four seasons: winter (December-February), summer (March-May), Rainy (June-September) and autumn (October-November). The districts under consideration have been categorized under three altitude regions such as low (< 70 masl), middle (153-305 masl) and high (>305 masl) altitudes. The results show that an increase in the standard deviations of monthly rainfall during rainy and autumn seasons have an adversely significant impact on the mean yield of foodgrains in Odisha. The summer temperature has beneficial effects by significantly increasing mean yield as the summer season is associated with harvesting stage of Rabi crops. The changing pattern of temperature has increasing effect on the yield variability of foodgrains during the summer season, whereas it has a decreasing effect on yield variability of foodgrains during the Rainy season. Moreover, the positive expected signs of trend variable in both mean and variance equation suggests that foodgrain yield and its variability increases with time. On the other hand, a change in mean levels of rainfall and temperature during different seasons has heterogeneous impacts either harmful or beneficial depending on the altitudes. These findings imply that adaptation strategies should be tailor-made to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change and variability for sustainable development across seasons and altitudes in Odisha agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=altitude" title="altitude">altitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20strategies" title=" adaptation strategies"> adaptation strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foodgrain" title=" foodgrain"> foodgrain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66427/impacts-of-climate-change-on-food-grain-yield-and-its-variability-across-seasons-and-altitudes-in-odisha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3665</span> Rainfall-Runoff Forecasting Utilizing Genetic Programming Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Najah%20Ahmed%20Al-Mahfoodh">Ahmed Najah Ahmed Al-Mahfoodh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Najah%20Ahmed%20%20Al-Mahfoodh"> Ali Najah Ahmed Al-Mahfoodh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al-Shafie"> Ahmed Al-Shafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, genetic programming (GP) technique has been investigated in prediction of set of rainfall-runoff data. To assess the effect of input parameters on the model, the sensitivity analysis was adopted. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, three statistical indexes were used, namely; Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Correlation of Efficiency (CE). The principle aim of this study is to develop a computationally efficient and robust approach for predict of rainfall-runoff which could reduce the cost and labour for measuring these parameters. This research concentrates on the Johor River in Johor State, Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20programming" title="genetic programming">genetic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff" title=" rainfall-runoff"> rainfall-runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66110/rainfall-runoff-forecasting-utilizing-genetic-programming-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3664</span> Aerosol - Cloud Interaction with Summer Precipitation over Major Cities in Eritrea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Abraham%20Berhane">Samuel Abraham Berhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingbing%20Bu"> Lingbing Bu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the spatiotemporal variability of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation within the major cities in Eritrea and it investigates the relationship between aerosols, clouds, and precipitation concerning the presence of aerosols over the study region. In Eritrea, inadequate water supplies will have both direct and indirect adverse impacts on sustainable development in areas such as health, agriculture, energy, communication, and transport. Besides, there exists a gap in the knowledge on suitable and potential areas for cloud seeding. Further, the inadequate understanding of aerosol-cloud-precipitation (ACP) interactions limits the success of weather modification aimed at improving freshwater sources, storage, and recycling. Spatiotemporal variability of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation involve spatial and time series analysis based on trend and anomaly analysis. To find the relationship between aerosols and clouds, a correlation coefficient is used. The spatiotemporal analysis showed larger variations of aerosols within the last two decades, especially in Assab, indicating that aerosol optical depth (AOD) has increased over the surrounding Red Sea region. Rainfall was significantly low but AOD was significantly high during the 2011 monsoon season. Precipitation was high during 2007 over most parts of Eritrea. The correlation coefficient between AOD and rainfall was negative over Asmara and Nakfa. Cloud effective radius (CER) and cloud optical thickness (COT) exhibited a negative correlation with AOD over Nakfa within the June–July–August (JJA) season. The hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model that is used to find the path and origin of the air mass of the study region showed that the majority of aerosols made their way to the study region via the westerly and the southwesterly winds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol-cloud-precipitation" title="aerosol-cloud-precipitation">aerosol-cloud-precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20optical%20depth" title=" aerosol optical depth"> aerosol optical depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20effective%20radius" title=" cloud effective radius"> cloud effective radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20optical%20thickness" title=" cloud optical thickness"> cloud optical thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HYSPLIT" title=" HYSPLIT"> HYSPLIT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148138/aerosol-cloud-interaction-with-summer-precipitation-over-major-cities-in-eritrea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3663</span> Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture on Soil Erosion: A Two-Year Field Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Da%20Chen">Yu-Da Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chun%20Wu"> Chia-Chun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between antecedent soil moisture content and soil erosion is a complicated phenomenon. Some studies confirm the effect of antecedent soil moisture content on soil erosion, but some deny it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify such contradictions through field experiments. This study conducted two-year field observations of soil losses from natural rainfall events on runoff plots with a length of 10 meters, width of 3 meters, and uniform slope of 9%. Volumetric soil moisture sensors were used to log the soil moisture changes for each rainfall event. A total of 49 effective events were monitored. Results of this study show that antecedent soil moisture content promotes the generation of surface runoff, especially for rainfall events with short duration or lower magnitudes. A positive correlation was found between antecedent soil moisture content and soil loss per unit Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity Index, which indicated that soil with high moisture content is more susceptible to detachment. Once the rainfall duration exceeds 10 hours, the impact from the rainfall duration to soil erosion overwrites, and the effect of antecedent soil moisture is almost negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antecedent%20soil%20moisture%20content" title="antecedent soil moisture content">antecedent soil moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20loss" title=" soil loss"> soil loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20coefficient" title=" runoff coefficient"> runoff coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20erosivity" title=" rainfall-runoff erosivity"> rainfall-runoff erosivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070/influence-of-antecedent-soil-moisture-on-soil-erosion-a-two-year-field-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3662</span> Linking Temporal Changes of Climate Factors with Staple Cereal Yields in Southern Burkina Faso</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pius%20Borona">Pius Borona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheikh%20Mbow"> Cheikh Mbow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20Ouedraogo"> Issa Ouedraogo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Sahel, climate variability has been associated with a complex web of direct and indirect impacts. This natural phenomenon has been an impediment to agro-pastoral communities who experience uncertainty while involving in farming activities which is also their key source of livelihood. In this scenario, the role of climate variability in influencing the performance, quantity and quality of staple cereals yields, vital for food and nutrition security has been a topic of importance. This response of crops and subsequent yield variability is also a subject of immense debate due to the complexity of crop development at different stages. This complexity is further compounded by influence of slowly changing non-climatic factors. With these challenges in mind, the present paper initially explores the occurrence of climate variability at an inter annual and inter decadal level in South Burkina Faso. This is evidenced by variation of the total annual rainfall and the number of rainy days among other climatic descriptors. Further, it is shown how district-scale cereal yields in the study area including maize, sorghum and millet casually associate variably to the inter-annual variation of selected climate variables. Statistical models show that the three cereals widely depict sensitivity to the length of the growing period and total dry days in the growing season. Maize yields on the other hand relate strongly to the rainfall amount variation (R2=51.8%) showing high moisture dependence during critical growth stages. Our conclusions emphasize on adoption of efficient water utilization platforms especially those that have evidently increased yields and strengthening of forecasts dissemination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variability" title="climate variability">climate variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cereal%20yields" title=" cereal yields"> cereal yields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonality" title=" seasonality"> seasonality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20fed%20farming" title=" rain fed farming"> rain fed farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burkina%20Faso" title=" Burkina Faso"> Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title=" rainfall"> rainfall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81244/linking-temporal-changes-of-climate-factors-with-staple-cereal-yields-in-southern-burkina-faso" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability%20coefficient&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20variability%20coefficient&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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