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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Afghanistan -a Country Without a State? - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Afghanistan_a_Country_Without_a_State.html?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Afghanistan_a_Country_Without_a_State.html?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ"/><meta name="title" content="Afghanistan -a Country Without a State?"/><meta name="description" content="The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 instantly focused international attention on Afghanistan. Suddenly, we were confronted with the need to understand how and why social and political circumstances in that country could be diametrically opposed to the values and norms commonly associated with modern states and civil society.This volume explores the question of whether Afghanistan is a country without a state. It includes contributions from twenty of the world's most distinguished experts on Afghanistan. Among the topics covered are the scope of humanitarian aid, the oppression of women, the logic of a war economy, and the potential for peace. Written and published prior to Afghanistan's liberation by U.S. forces, it nonetheless provides important background to Afganistan's past and future."/><meta property="og:title" content="Afghanistan -a Country Without a State?"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&imgtk=AFLRE73mS5zg_m8XC-ySZIFY6rWBuOhpEeIpesaO70Iu4E3d5gCDsf-2VEqxw37kB0K_XYZwPn2zy7ZInX2GnHhHomwN-R2mu2GxtRpdMysBhlzGSdiBj6_erk_US0XTIuyPeM5mvO_H"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&imgtk=AFLRE73mS5zg_m8XC-ySZIFY6rWBuOhpEeIpesaO70Iu4E3d5gCDsf-2VEqxw37kB0K_XYZwPn2zy7ZInX2GnHhHomwN-R2mu2GxtRpdMysBhlzGSdiBj6_erk_US0XTIuyPeM5mvO_H"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3Deo3tAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dloya%2Bjirga%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=loya+jirga&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Schetter</span>, <span dir=ltr>Reinhard Schlagintweit</span></div><div><span dir=ltr>IKO</span>, 2002 - <a class="secondary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0"><span dir=ltr>History</span></a> - <span dir=ltr>241 pages</span></div></div><div id=synopsis><div id=synopsis-window><div id=synopsistext dir=ltr class="sa">The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 instantly focused international attention on Afghanistan. Suddenly, we were confronted with the need to understand how and why social and political circumstances in that country could be diametrically opposed to the values and norms commonly associated with modern states and civil society.<p>This volume explores the question of whether Afghanistan is a country without a state. It includes contributions from twenty of the world's most distinguished experts on Afghanistan. Among the topics covered are the scope of humanitarian aid, the oppression of women, the logic of a war economy, and the potential for peace. Written and published prior to Afghanistan's liberation by U.S. forces, it nonetheless provides important background to Afganistan's past and future.</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="search_anchor"></a>From inside the book</h3><div id=search class=about_content><form action=/books?source=gbs_search_r&cad=1 id=search_form method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="eo3tAAAAMAAJ"><input type="hidden" name="focus" value="searchwithinvolume"><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 name=q value="loya jirga" title="Search" accesskey="i" aria-label="Search in this book" style="width:160px"><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script> <input type=submit value="Search"></form><div id=search_v><p align=left class="sitb-info">21 pages matching <b>loya jirga</b> in this book</p><p align=left class="sitb-info"><a target="_parent" class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/support/answer/43729?topic=9259&hl=en">Where's the rest of this book?</a></p><div id="searchwithinvolume" tabindex="0"><p align=left class="sitb-info">Results 1-3 of 21</p></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Introduction </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>1</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Afghanistan Land of the Afghans? </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>17</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The View of the State by Afghans Abroad 27 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>27</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/>9 other sections not shown</div><div style="clear:left; height:1em"></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Afghan+conflict&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Afghan conflict</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Afghan+politics&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Afghan politics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Ahmad+Shah+Massoud&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Ahmad Shah Massoud</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Amanullah&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Amanullah</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=areas&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>areas</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Assembly&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Assembly</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Badakhshan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Badakhshan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=bazaar+economy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>bazaar economy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=cent&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>cent</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Central+Asia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Central Asia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=civil&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>civil</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=commanders&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>commanders</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=communist&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>communist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=constitution&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>constitution</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Council&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Council</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Deh+Dehi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Deh Dehi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Deobandi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Deobandi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=drug&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>drug</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Dupree&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Dupree</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=emergence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>emergence</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=ethnic+groups&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>ethnic groups</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=failed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>failed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=force&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>force</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=foreign&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>foreign</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=former&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>former</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Gharjistan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Gharjistan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=girls&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>girls</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=global&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>global</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Hazarajat&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Hazarajat</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Hazaras&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Hazaras</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=human+rights&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>human rights</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=identity&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>identity</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=ideology&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>ideology</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=illicit&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>illicit</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=important&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>important</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=institutions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>institutions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=international+community&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>international community</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Iran&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Iran</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Islamic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Islamic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Islamist&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Islamist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Kabul&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Kabul</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Kakar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Kakar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Kamdesh&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Kamdesh</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Kandahar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Kandahar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Khan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Khan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Khurasan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Khurasan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=lack&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>lack</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=leaders&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>leaders</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=leadership&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>leadership</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=loya+jirga&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>loya jirga</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Mahmud+Tarzi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Mahmud Tarzi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Massoud&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Massoud</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Mazar-i+Sharif&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Mazar-i Sharif</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=mediation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>mediation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Mediothek+f%C3%BCr+Afghanistan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Mediothek f眉r Afghanistan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=military&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>military</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=modern&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>modern</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=mosques&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>mosques</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Muhammad&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Muhammad</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Mujahidin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Mujahidin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Mullah&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Mullah</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=nation-state&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>nation-state</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=neighbouring&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>neighbouring</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=networks&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>networks</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=non-Pashtun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>non-Pashtun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Northern+Alliance&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Northern Alliance</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Nuristan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Nuristan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Nuristan+province&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Nuristan province</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=opium+economy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>opium economy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=opium+production&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>opium production</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=organizations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>organizations</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Pakistan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Pakistan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=parties&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>parties</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Pashtun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Pashtun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=pashtunwali&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>pashtunwali</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=peace&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>peace</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Persian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Persian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=poppy+cultivation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>poppy cultivation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=population&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>population</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=programme&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>programme</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=province&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>province</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Rabbani&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Rabbani</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Rashid&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Rashid</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=regime&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>regime</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=region&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>region</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=religious&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>religious</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=resistance&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>resistance</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=rule&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>rule</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Saikal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Saikal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Schetter&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Schetter</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=schools&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>schools</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Shahrani&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Shahrani</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=situation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>situation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=smuggling&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>smuggling</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=social&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>social</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=society&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>society</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Soviet&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Soviet</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=strategy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>strategy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=structures&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>structures</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Tajik&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Tajik</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Tajikistan&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Tajikistan</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Taliban&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Taliban</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Tarzi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Tarzi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=term&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>term</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=territory&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>territory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=tribal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tribal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=tribes&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>tribes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=United+Nations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>United Nations</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Uzbek&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Uzbek</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=village&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>village</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=warlords&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>warlords</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=women&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>women</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&q=Zahir&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Zahir</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Afghanistan -a Country Without a State?</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22Schriftenreihe+der+Mediothek+f%C3%BCr+Afghanistan%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><i><span dir=ltr>Volume 2 of Schriftenreihe der Mediothek f眉r Afghanistan</span></i></a>, <a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Mediothek+f%C3%BCr+Afghanistan%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Mediothek f眉r Afghanistan</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Editors</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Christine+Noelle-Karimi%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Christine Noelle-Karimi</span></a>, <a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Conrad+J.+Schetter%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Conrad J. Schetter</span></a>, <a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Reinhard+Schlagintweit%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Reinhard Schlagintweit</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Contributor</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Institut f眉r Informations- und Kommunikations枚kologie</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>IKO, 2002</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Original from</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>the University of Michigan</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Digitized</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>7 Jan 2010</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>3889396283, 9783889396280</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>241 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Middle+East%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Middle East</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Middle+East+General%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Middle+East+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>History / Middle East / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+World+/+Asian%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / World / Asian</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Afghanistan_a_Country_Without_a_State.bibtex?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Afghanistan_a_Country_Without_a_State.enw?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Afghanistan_a_Country_Without_a_State.ris?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3Deo3tAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dloya%2Bjirga%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"eo3tAAAAMAAJ","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":false,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":false,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" style="font-size:83%;text-align:center;position:relative;top:20px;height:4.5em;margin-top:2em"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/about.html"><nobr><nobr>About Google Books</nobr></nobr></a> - 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