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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Chú_thích" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chú_thích"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Chú thích</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chú_thích-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Ostwald</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 81 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="فيلهلم أوستفالد – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلهلم أوستفالد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Ostvald" title="Vilhelm Ostvald – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilhelm Ostvald" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম অস্টভাল্ড – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম অস্টভাল্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Фрыдрых Оствальд – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільгельм Фрыдрых Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Оствальд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вільгельм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Вилхелм Оствалд – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилхелм Оствалд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC_%CE%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Βίλχελμ Όστβαλντ – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίλχελμ Όστβαλντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Gael Scotland" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gael Scotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Khách Gia" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khách Gia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 오스트발트 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌헬름 오스트발트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4_%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Վիլհելմ Օստվալդ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլհելմ Օստվալդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93" title="וילהלם אוסטוולד – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילהלם אוסטוולד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Ostwald" title="Gulielmus Ostwald – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelms_Ostvalds" title="Vilhelms Ostvalds – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilhelms Ostvalds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Вилхелм Оствалд – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилхелм Оствалд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="വിൽഹെം ഓസ്റ്റ് വാൾഡ് – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൽഹെം ഓസ്റ്റ് വാൾഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="विल्हेल्म ओस्टवाल्ड – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्हेल्म ओस्टवाल्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="فيلهلم اوستفالد – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلهلم اوستفالد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – Tiếng Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вильхелм Оствальд – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вильхелм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヴィルヘルム・オストヴァルト – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィルヘルム・オストヴァルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88" title="ولیہلم اوسٹوالڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیہلم اوسٹوالڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Оствальд, Вильгельм – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оствальд, Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आस्ट्टाल्ट् फ्रिडरिक् विल्हेल्म् – Tiếng Phạn" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आस्ट्टाल्ट् फ्रिडरिक् विल्हेल्म्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phạn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Ostvald" title="Vilhelm Ostvald – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vilhelm Ostvald" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வில்ஹெம் ஆஸ்ட்வால்டு – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்ஹெம் ஆஸ்ட்வால்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вилһелм Оствальд – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вилһелм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Оствальд – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільгельм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88" title="ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Tiếng Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%B7" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;font-size:125%; background-color:#efefef"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Ostwald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ostwald.jpg/220px-Ostwald.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ostwald.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sinh</th><td><a href="/wiki/2_th%C3%A1ng_9" title="2 tháng 9">2 tháng 9</a> năm <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Nga" title="Đế quốc Nga">Đế quốc Nga</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mất</th><td>4 tháng 4, 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-04-04)</span> (78 tuổi)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đức">Đức</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Quốc tịch</th><td class="category"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic" class="mw-disambig" title="Baltic">Baltic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đức">Đức</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Trường lớp</th><td>Đại học Dorpat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Giải thưởng</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3i_Nobel_H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" class="mw-redirect" title="Giải Nobel Hóa học">Giải Nobel Hóa học</a> năm <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/c/c9/Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg/25px-Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/c/c9/Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg/38px-Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/c/c9/Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg/50px-Nobel_medal_dsc06171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Sự nghiệp khoa học</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ngành</th><td class="category"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hóa học">Hóa học</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nơi công tác</th><td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Dorpat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đại học Dorpat (trang không tồn tại)">Đại học Dorpat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riga_Polytechnicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riga Polytechnicum (trang không tồn tại)">Riga Polytechnicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Leipzig" title="Đại học Leipzig">Đại học Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_h%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="Viện hàn lâm Khoa học Leopoldina">Viện hàn lâm Khoa học Leopoldina</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" class="extiw" title="en:Doctoral advisor">Người hướng dẫn luận án tiến sĩ</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Schmidt (trang không tồn tại)">Carl Schmidt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Các nghiên cứu sinh nổi tiếng</th><td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Bredig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Bredig (trang không tồn tại)">Georg Bredig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Walden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Walden (trang không tồn tại)">Paul Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_George_Donnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick George Donnan (trang không tồn tại)">Frederick George Donnan</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latvia" title="Tiếng Latvia">tiếng Latvia</a>: <b>Vilhelms Ostvalds</b>) (1853-1932) là <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhà hóa học">nhà hóa học</a> <a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Người Đức">người Đức</a> gốc Baltic. Ông là viện sĩ của <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_h%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="Viện hàn lâm Khoa học Leopoldina">Viện hàn lâm Khoa học Leopoldina</a>. Ngoài ra, ông cũng học tập và làm việc chủ yếu tại Đại học Dorpat của Đức. Ông là người nhận Giải Nobel Hóa học năm 1909 nhờ việc nghiên cứu về các <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_x%C3%BAc_t%C3%A1c" class="mw-redirect" title="Chất xúc tác">chất xúc tác</a>, về <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Cân bằng hóa học">cân bằng hóa học</a> và vận tốc phản ứng <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hóa học">hóa học</a>. Ông trở thành nhà hóa học có hai quốc tịch thứ hai trên thế giới sau <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> nhận giải Nobel Hóa học.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chú_thích"><span id="Ch.C3.BA_th.C3.ADch"></span>Chú thích</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Chú thích”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Chú thích"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/index.html">“Giải Nobel Hóa học năm 1909”</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 10 năm 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gi%E1%BA%A3i+Nobel+H%C3%B3a+h%E1%BB%8Dc+n%C4%83m+1909&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1909%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Ostwald" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFClark1916" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, F.W. (1916). “Annual report of the international committee on atomic weights”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Am._Chem._Soc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Am. Chem. Soc. (trang không tồn tại)">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a></i> <b>38</b> (11): 2219–2221. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja02268a001">10.1021/ja02268a001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Annual+report+of+the+international+committee+on+atomic+weights&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2219-2221&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja02268a001&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Ostwald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFGorin1994" class="citation journal cs1">Gorin, G. (1994). “Mole and chemical amount: A discussion of the fundamental measurements of chemistry”. <i>J. Chem. Education</i>. <b>71</b> (2): 114. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (định danh)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JChEd..71..114G">1994JChEd..71..114G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed071p114">10.1021/ed071p114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Education&rft.atitle=Mole+and+chemical+amount%3A+A+discussion+of+the+fundamental+measurements+of+chemistry&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=114&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed071p114&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994JChEd..71..114G&rft.aulast=Gorin&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Ostwald" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Patrick Coffey, Cathedrals of Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780195321340" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-532134-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wilhelm_Ostwald?uselang=vi">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71936381"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70981351"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> có các tác phẩm của hoặc nói về:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/ostwald-lecture.html">Nobel Lecture</a> <i>On Catalysis</i> from Nobelprize.org website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/ostwald-bio.html">Biography</a> Biography from Nobelprize.org website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Ostwald%2C%20Wilhelm%2C%201853-1932%22">Works</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222072256/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Mole/Origin-of-Mole.html">The Origin of the Word 'Mole'</a></i>". ChemTeam.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.arcor.de/wilhelm-ostwald/">Landsitz Energie Grossbothen/Saxony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050401030608/http://home.arcor.de/wilhelm-Ostwald/">Lưu trữ</a> 2005-04-01 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ostwald and his country seat "Energie" (bằng <a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh">tiếng Anh</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2004/2601/1_holden.html#45">History of the International Committee on Atomic Weights</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1901</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1902</span> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1903</span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1904</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1905</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1906</span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1907</span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1908</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1909</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1910</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1911</span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1912</span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1913</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1914</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1915</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1916</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1917</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1918</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1919</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1920</span> <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1921</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1922</span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1924</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1926</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1928</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1930</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1931</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1932</span> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1933</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1934</span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1935</span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1936</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1937</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1938</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1939</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1940</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1941</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1942</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1943</span> <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1944</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1945</span> <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" class="mw-redirect" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1949</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1952</span> <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Nikolayevich_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Fukui_Kenichi" title="Fukui Kenichi">Fukui Kenichi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Vi%E1%BB%85n_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Lý Viễn Triết">Lý Viễn Triết</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shirakawa_Hideki" title="Shirakawa Hideki">Shirakawa Hideki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–nay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Noyori_Ry%C5%8Dji" title="Noyori Ryōji">Noyori Ryōji</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanaka_K%C5%8Dichi" title="Tanaka Kōichi">Tanaka Kōichi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Shimomura_Osamu" title="Shimomura Osamu">Shimomura Osamu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Akira_(nh%C3%A0_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Suzuki Akira (nhà hóa học)">Suzuki Akira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Negishi_Eiichi" title="Negishi Eiichi">Negishi Eiichi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(nh%C3%A0_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Richard Henderson (nhà sinh học)">Richard Henderson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Winter" title="Greg Winter">Greg Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(nh%C3%A0_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="George Smith (nhà hóa học)">George Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoshino_Akira" title="Yoshino Akira">Yoshino Akira</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70958518"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71573313"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Tiêu_đề_chuẩn_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sửa_dữ_liệu_tại_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#identifiers&#124;Sửa_dữ_liệu_tại_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Tiêu_đề_chuẩn_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sửa_dữ_liệu_tại_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#identifiers&#124;Sửa_dữ_liệu_tại_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIBSYS_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:BIBSYS (identifier)">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90065667">90065667</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:BNC (identifier)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000234023">000234023</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Thư viện Quốc gia Tây Ban Nha">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1387697">XX1387697</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Thư viện Quốc gia Pháp">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12347272w">cb12347272w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12347272w">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">BPN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/67981850">67981850</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANTIC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:CANTIC (identifier)">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10923676">a10923676</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00820208?l=en">DA00820208</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11859057X">11859057X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Trung_%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_v%E1%BB%81_Danh_m%E1%BB%A5c_Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_%C3%9D_v%C3%A0_Th%C3%B4ng_tin_th%C6%B0_m%E1%BB%A5c" title="Viện Thư viện Trung ương về Danh mục Thư viện Ý và Thông tin thư mục">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV029185">Italy</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_t%C3%AAn_chu%E1%BA%A9n_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Định danh tên chuẩn quốc tế">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000458752387">0000 0004 5875 2387</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LCCN" title="LCCN">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81091807">n81091807</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Latvia" title="Thư viện quốc gia Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000043761&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000043761</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGP_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:MGP (identifier)">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=137132">137132</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDL_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NDL (identifier)">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451900">00451900</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NKC (identifier)">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20010316079&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20010316079</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLA_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NLA (identifier)">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35402862">35402862</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLG_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NLG (identifier)">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record164385">164385</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLI_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NLI (identifier)">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000438626&local_base=nlx10">000438626</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLK_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NLK (identifier)">NLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC2018O0962">KAC2018O0962</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLP_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NLP (identifier)">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001275767">a0000001275767</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSK_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NSK (identifier)">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000113801&local_base=nsk10">000113801</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTA_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:NTA (identifier)">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069016135">069016135</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLWABN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:PLWABN (identifier)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810551551405606">9810551551405606</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:RERO (identifier)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A012365281">02-A012365281</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/313973">313973</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m62b28">w6m62b28</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034927476">034927476</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="en:Trove (identifier)">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/940323">940323</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_Li%C3%AAn_minh_T%C3%AAn_Ngh%E1%BB%87_s%C4%A9" title="Danh sách Liên minh Tên Nghệ sĩ">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500260331">500260331</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Vatican" title="Thư viện Vatican">VcBA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_228986">495/228986</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44372577">44372577</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/44372577">44372577</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&oldid=71485458">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&oldid=71485458</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_n%C4%83m_1853" title="Thể loại:Sinh năm 1853">Sinh 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