CINXE.COM
材料科学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>材料科学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"43d80025-c03e-442f-988a-065b224c8839","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"材料科学","wgTitle":"材料科学","wgCurRevisionId":85012288,"wgRevisionId":85012288,"wgArticleId":157,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2020年4月需要专业人士关注的页面","所有需要專家關注的頁面","其他需要專家關注的頁面","自2009年8月需要清理的內容瑣碎條目","含有英語的條目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目", "包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","材料科學"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"材料科学","wgRelevantArticleId":157,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q228736","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"} ;RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Stsheat.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="750"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Stsheat.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="材料科学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-材料科学 rootpage-材料科学 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-簡史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料科學理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料科學理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>材料科學理論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料科學理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料的分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料的分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>材料的分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料的分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料工程技術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料工程技術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>材料工程技術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料工程技術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料的應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料的應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>材料的應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料的應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">材料科学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。71种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materiaalkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%81%E1%88%B6%E1%89%BD_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93" title="የቁሶች ጥናት ሳይንስ ወይም ምህንድስና – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቁሶች ጥናት ሳይንስ ወይም ምህንድስና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="علم المواد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم المواد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_de_materiales" title="Ciencia de materiales – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencia de materiales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%C5%9F%C3%BCnasl%C4%B1q" title="Materialşünaslıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materialşünaslıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Материалдар өйрәнеү – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Материалдар өйрәнеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Матэрыялазнаўства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэрыялазнаўства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Материалознание – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Материалознание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উপাদান বিজ্ঞান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপাদান বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia_de_materials" title="Ciència de materials – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciència de materials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95" title="زانستی ماددە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی ماددە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C3%A1lov%C3%A9_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Materiálové vědy – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Materiálové vědy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Материал пĕлĕвĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Материал пĕлĕвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialevidenskab" title="Materialevidenskab – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Materialevidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialwissenschaft_und_Werkstofftechnik" title="Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyal%C5%9F%C4%B1nasiye" title="Materyalşınasiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Materyalşınasiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Επιστήμη υλικών – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμη υλικών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_de_materiales" title="Ciencia de materiales – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencia de materiales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materjaliteadus" title="Materjaliteadus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Materjaliteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialen_zientzia" title="Materialen zientzia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materialen zientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="علم مواد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علم مواد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalitiede" title="Materiaalitiede – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Materiaalitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_des_mat%C3%A9riaux" title="Science des matériaux – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Science des matériaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht_na_n-%C3%A1bhar" title="Eolaíocht na n-ábhar – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht na n-ábhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia_dos_materiais" title="Ciencia dos materiais – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencia dos materiais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הנדסת חומרים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסת חומרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थ विज्ञान – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदार्थ विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanost_o_materijalima" title="Znanost o materijalima – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Znanost o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նյութագիտություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյութագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknik material" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienza_dei_materiali" title="Scienza dei materiali – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienza dei materiali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="材料工学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="材料工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Материалтану – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Материалтану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%A3%8C%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="재료과학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재료과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Материал таануу – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Материал таануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEiagotyra" title="Medžiagotyra – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžiagotyra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C4%81lzin%C4%81tne" title="Materiālzinātne – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Materiālzinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Материалын шинжлэх ухаан – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Материалын шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थविज्ञान – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पदार्थविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_bahan" title="Sains bahan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenza_tal-materjali" title="Xjenza tal-materjali – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenza tal-materjali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पदार्थ विज्ञान – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पदार्थ विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaalkunde" title="Materiaalkunde – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materiaalkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiall%C3%A6re" title="Materiallære – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materiallære" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialvitenskap" title="Materialvitenskap – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Materialvitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badania_materia%C5%82owe" title="Badania materiałowe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Badania materiałowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="موادپوهنه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موادپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_dos_materiais" title="Ciência dos materiais – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciência dos materiais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor" title="Știința materialelor – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Știința materialelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Материаловедение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Материаловедение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="ද්රව්යයමය විද්යාව හැදින්වීම – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්රව්යයමය විද්යාව හැදින්වීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Materials science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_e_materialeve" title="Shkenca e materialeve – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca e materialeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_o_materijalima" title="Nauka o materijalima – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nauka o materijalima" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu_bahan" title="Élmu bahan – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu bahan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialvetenskap" title="Materialvetenskap – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Materialvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பொருளறிவியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருளறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วัสดุศาสตร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัสดุศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham_ng_mga_materyal" title="Agham ng mga materyal – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham ng mga materyal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzeme_bilimi" title="Malzeme bilimi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malzeme bilimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89" title="ماتېرىيال ئىلمى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماتېرىيال ئىلمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Матеріалознавство – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матеріалознавство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="اموادی علم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اموادی علم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_v%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Khoa học vật liệu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học vật liệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syensya_hin_materyales" title="Syensya hin materyales – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syensya hin materyales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="材料科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="材料科學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="材料科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q228736#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&oldid=85012288" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&id=85012288&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259D%2590%25E6%2596%2599%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259D%2590%25E6%2596%2599%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials_science" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q228736" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年4月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:材料科学">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Trivia plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>應避免有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E7%91%A3%E7%A2%8E%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/瑣碎章節">陳列雜項、瑣碎資料</a>的部分。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2009年8月30日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit">協助</a>將有關資料重新編排成連貫性的文章,安置於適當章節或條目內。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stsheat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stsheat.jpg/250px-Stsheat.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stsheat.jpg/375px-Stsheat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Stsheat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)" title="航天飞机 (美国)">航天飞机</a>外殼是多種材料工程的產物,可以承受回返大氣層時1,500度的高溫。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>材料科學</b>(英語:<span lang="en">materials science</span>),涉及物質的性質及其在各個<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="工程學">工程學</a>領域的整合應用,是一個研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>的製備或加工工藝、材料的微觀結構與材料宏觀性能三者之間的相互關係的跨領域學科。涉及的理論包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固體物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="材料化学">材料化學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="应用物理">應用物理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="應用化學">應用化學</a>,以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="化學工程">化學工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="電機工程">電機工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">電子工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a>。與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="機械">機械</a>結合則衍生出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械材料(页面不存在)">機械材料</a>,與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>結合則衍生出<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="电子材料">電子材料</a>,與土木建築結合則衍生出<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="結構材料">結構材料</a>,與<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>結合則衍生出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物材料(页面不存在)">生物材料</a>等等。隨著近年來媒體將注意力大量集中在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="纳米科学">纳米科學</a>上,材料科學在科學與工程學領域越來越廣為人知。它也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="法醫學">鑑識科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E9%9A%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="故障分析">破壞分析</a>中的一個重要組成部分,以後者為例,它是分析各種飛航意外的關鍵。今日許多科技上的問題受限於材料能夠容許的極限,也因此,在此領域的突破在未來科技具有指標性的影響。材料科學有著廣泛的應用前景。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡史"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E5.8F.B2"></span>簡史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:簡史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%8F%B2" title="材料科技史">材料科技史</a></div> <p>在各時代上材料的選擇往往決定了該時代的發展,像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代">石器時代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="青銅器時代">青銅器時代</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵器時代">鐵器時代</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業革命">工業革命</a>就是明顯的例子。材料科學是最古老的應用科學及工程學之一,起初被引導來自陶瓷的加工和冶金學的延伸。現代材料科學演進來自於<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金學">冶金學</a>。在十九世紀晚期一位美國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="约西亚·吉布斯">約西亞·吉布斯</a>發現材料在不同<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="相態">相態</a>之間的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學">熱力學</a>性質,使得在理解材料性質上有重大性的突破。材料科學與其他領域的合作發展革命性科技,像是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="塑膠">塑膠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物材料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biomaterial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物材料(页面不存在)">生物材料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial" class="extiw" title="en:Biomaterial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biomaterial</span></a></span>)</span></span>。 </p><p>在1960年代前,許多材料科學系都被稱為礦冶系。1960後當時美國高等研究計劃署(Advanced Research Projects Agency),現為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%BD%B2" title="國防高等研究計劃署">國防高等研究計劃署</a>(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency),為了材料科學的基礎研究以及訓練的國家計劃(“to expand the national program of basic research and training in the materials science”)在1960年代創立一系列大學實驗室,建立了材料科學。此領域包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="陶瓷">陶瓷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="聚合物">聚合物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性材料">磁性材料</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物材料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biomaterial"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物材料(页面不存在)">生物材料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial" class="extiw" title="en:Biomaterial"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biomaterial</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="奈米科技">奈米材料</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="材料科學理論"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96"></span>材料科學理論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:材料科學理論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="物理冶金学">物理冶金學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶體學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固體物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">材料化學(固體化學)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料應用力學(页面不存在)">材料應用力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E9%9D%9C%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料靜力學(页面不存在)">材料靜力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料動力學(页面不存在)">材料動力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料力學">材料力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%86%B1%E6%B5%81%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料熱流學(页面不存在)">材料熱流學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="材料热力学">材料熱力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料流體力學(页面不存在)">材料流體力學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料計算科學(页面不存在)">材料計算科學</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="材料的分類"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>材料的分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:材料的分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>基本材料分类<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬材料">金屬材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="陶瓷材料">陶瓷材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="高分子材料">高分子材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="複合材料">複合材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="半导体材料">半導體材料</a></li></ul></li> <li>按化學狀態分類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬材料">金屬材料</a></li> <li>無極非金屬材料 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="陶瓷材料">陶瓷材料</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="有機物質">有機材料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="高分子材料">高分子材料</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>按物理性質分類 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高強度材料(页面不存在)">高強度材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐高温材料(页面不存在)">耐高温材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%A1%AC%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="超硬材料">超硬材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8E%E9%9B%BB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="導電材料(页面不存在)">導電材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絕緣材料(页面不存在)">絕緣材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性材料">磁性材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E5%85%89%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透光材料(页面不存在)">透光材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="半导体材料">半導體材料</a></li></ul></li> <li>按狀態分類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%99%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="单晶材料">單晶材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%99%B6%E8%B3%AA%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多晶質材料(页面不存在)">多晶質材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%99%B6%E6%85%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非晶態材料(页面不存在)">非晶態材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%86%E6%99%B6%E6%85%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="准晶態材料(页面不存在)">准晶態材料</a></li></ul></li> <li>按物理效應分類 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E9%9B%BB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵電材料(页面不存在)">鐵電材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E7%94%B5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="压电材料">壓電材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="热电材料">熱電材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電磁材料(页面不存在)">電磁材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷射材料(页面不存在)">雷射材料</a></li></ul></li> <li>按用途分類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="土木材料">土木材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="結構材料">結構材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="研磨材料(页面不存在)">研磨材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="耐火材料">耐火材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E9%85%B8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐酸材料(页面不存在)">耐酸材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%B7%A5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水工材料(页面不存在)">水工材料</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E7%AE%A1%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="配管材料(页面不存在)">配管材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械材料(页面不存在)">機械材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電機材料(页面不存在)">電機材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="电子材料">電子材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%B7%A5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電工材料(页面不存在)">電工材料</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E7%B7%9A%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="配線材料(页面不存在)">配線材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光學材料(页面不存在)">光學材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感光材料(页面不存在)">感光材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="包裝材料(页面不存在)">包裝材料</a></li></ul></li> <li>按組成分類 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E7%B5%84%E5%88%86%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單組分材料(页面不存在)">單組分材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="複合材料">複合材料</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="材料工程技術"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E6.8A.80.E8.A1.93"></span>材料工程技術</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:材料工程技術"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E6%88%90%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬材料成形">金屬材料成形</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5" title="机械加工">機械加工</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非傳統加工(页面不存在)">非傳統加工</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="熱處理">熱處理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5" title="热加工">熱加工</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陶瓷冶金(页面不存在)">陶瓷冶金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E6%9C%AB%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91" title="粉末冶金">粉末冶金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E7%94%9F%E9%95%B7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="薄膜生長技術">薄膜生長技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="表面處理技術">表面處理技術</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%94%B9%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="表面改性技術">表面改性技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%A1%97%E8%A6%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="表面塗覆技術">表面涂覆技術</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="材料的應用"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E7.9A.84.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>材料的應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:材料的應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="結構材料">結構材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資訊材料(页面不存在)">資訊材料</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儲存材料(页面不存在)">儲存材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="半导体材料">半導體材料</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械材料(页面不存在)">機械材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電機材料(页面不存在)">電機材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="电子材料">電子材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航行材料(页面不存在)">航行材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空材料(页面不存在)">航空材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航海材料(页面不存在)">航海材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="土木材料">土木材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源材料(页面不存在)">能源材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物材料(页面不存在)">生物材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境材料(页面不存在)">環境材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%B2%E8%83%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%92%8C%E5%90%AB%E8%83%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儲能材料和含能材料(页面不存在)">儲能材料和含能材料</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="纳米材料">纳米材料</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Teachers Handbook, vol 2, pp.19-20, 2008</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="材料科学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:材料科学分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:材料科学分支(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:材料科学分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="材料科学分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">材料科学</a>分支</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要类别</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聚合物科學">聚合物科學</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">对材料的独立研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="表征 (化学)">表征</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算材料科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computational materials science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算材料科学(页面不存在)">计算材料科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_materials_science" class="extiw" title="en:Computational materials science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computational materials science</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="材料信息学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Materials informatics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="材料信息学(页面不存在)">材料信息学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_informatics" class="extiw" title="en:Materials informatics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Materials informatics</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究领域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E5%AD%A6" title="摩擦学">摩擦学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="微电子学">微电子学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">科际整合</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子化学">高分子化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学">矿物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="矿业工程">矿业工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软物质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:材料科學">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials_science" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Materials science">共享资源</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="物理学分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:物理學分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template talk:物理學分支"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:物理學分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="物理学分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Category:物理学分支">分支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="物理学史">物理学史</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组成部分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论物理学">理论物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗物理學">实验物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">应用物理</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="運動 (物理學)">运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="热力学">热力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="力学">力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学">经典力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AD%A6" title="弹道学">弹道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="拉格朗日力学">拉格朗日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="哈密顿力学">哈密顿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="连续介质力学">连续介质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="天體力學">天体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波">波</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%BA_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86)" title="场 (物理)">场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="电磁学">电磁学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="经典电磁学">经典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="量子场论">量子场论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相对论">相对论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="狭义相对论">狭义相对论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" title="廣義相對論">廣義相對論</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按专业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數碼物理學">數碼物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="计算物理学">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子分子与光物理学">原子分子與光物理學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分子物理学">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子物理学">原子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="等离子体物理学">等离子体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="统计力学">统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A%E6%80%81%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="凝聚态物理学">凝聚态物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A7%82%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="介观物理学">介观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="软物质">软</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学">声学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学">光学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="几何光学">几何</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="物理光学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性光学">非线性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="量子光学">量子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核天体物理学">核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="恒星物理学">恒星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体粒子物理学">天体粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="空间物理学">空间</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命科学中的物理学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理学">生物物理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物力学">生物力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业物理学">农业物理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="醫學物理">醫學物理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激光医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激光医学(页面不存在)">激光医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Laser medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理物理学">心理物理学</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%99%85%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="科际整合">交叉学科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="数学物理">数学物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="非线性物理学">非线性物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="經濟物理學">经济物理学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">材料科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子物理学">高分子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="大气物理学">大气</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="云物理学">云</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="物理海洋学">物理海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="量子信息科学">量子信息科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="物理教育">物理教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:物理学">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Physics">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:物理学">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="化學分支" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template:化学分支"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Template talk:化学分支"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:化学分支"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="化學分支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>分支</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="生物分子列表">生物分子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="无机化合物列表">无机化合物列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="有机化合物列表">有机化合物列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="分析化学">分析化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="仪器分析">仪器分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="电化学分析">电化学分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="红外光谱学">IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E5%AD%B8" title="拉曼光譜學">Raman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96-%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%88%86%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%95" title="紫外-可见分光光度法">uv-vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="核磁共振波谱法">NMR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="质谱法">质谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" title="電子電離">EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="电感耦合等离子体质谱法">ICP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%B4%A8%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E8%A7%A3%E5%90%B8/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB" title="基质辅助激光解吸/电离">MALDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="色谱法">色谱法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="气相色谱法">GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%95%88%E6%B6%B2%E7%9B%B8%E8%89%B2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" title="高效液相色谱法">HPLC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A7%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="飞秒化学">飞秒化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%81_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="表征 (化学)">表征</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="电化学">电化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="热化学">热化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学热力学">化学热力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E9%AB%94" title="膠體">胶体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="表面科学">表面科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="结构化学">结构化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="化学物理学">化学物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="化学动力学">化学动力学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E7%A7%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="飞秒化学">飞秒化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="量子化学">量子化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="光化学">光化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">无机化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配位化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="磁化学">磁化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机金属化学">有机金属化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物无机化学">生物无机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="生物有機金屬化學">生物有機金屬化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B0%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="原子簇化學">原子簇化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="晶体学">晶体学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="固体化学">固体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">材料科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机化学">有机化学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物有机化学">生物有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="化學生物學">化學生物學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物正交化学">生物正交化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="临床化学">临床化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="神經化學">神經化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物物理化学">生物物理化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="分子生物学">分子生物学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="立体化学">立体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理有机化学">物理有机化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="有机反应">有机反应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="逆合成分析">逆合成分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="不对称合成">不对称合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="全合成">全合成</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="半合成">半合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="药物化学">药物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92%E7%83%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="富勒烯化学">富勒烯化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="高分子化学">高分子化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="石油化学">石油化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他化學</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">核化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="錒系化學">錒系化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="放射化学">放射化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="辐射化学">辐射化学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天体化学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="宇宙化學">宇宙化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="环境化学">环境化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">大气化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="海洋化學">海洋化學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="煤化学">煤化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="石油化学">石油化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="農業化學">農業化學</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="化学教育">化学教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="法化学">法化学</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="纳米化学">纳米化学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="超分子化學">超分子化學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="化学合成">化学合成</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="绿色化学">绿色化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%87%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="点击化学">点击化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="组合化学">组合化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="生物合成">生物合成</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="理论化学">理论化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="湿化学">湿化学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参阅</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="化学史">化学史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化学年表">化学年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">元素发现史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a></li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中心科學">中心科學</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="化学反应">化学反应</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化">催化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:化学">化學分類</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:化学">化學主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chemistry">共享資源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:化學">專題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="技术" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 臺 mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Template:技術"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Template talk:技术"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:技術"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="技术" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="结构工程">结构工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大地工程">大地工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%AE%87%E8%A3%9D%E5%82%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="屋宇裝備工程">屋宇裝備工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="安全工程">安全工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="消防工程">消防工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋工程">海洋工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="交通">交通</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">流量工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="載具">車輛工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="航海">航海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空">航空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="航天工程">航天工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学">工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-disambig" title="工程技術">工程技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7" title="生产">製造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金學">冶金學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金工程">冶金工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="自動化">自動化技術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="机械">机械</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0" title="机械制造">機械製造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工">木工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%85%B7" title="模具">模具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E9%80%A0" title="鑄造">鑄造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%9B%E9%80%A0" title="鍛造">鍛造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="钣金">鈑金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%8A%E6%8E%A5" title="焊接">焊接(銲接)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="熱處理">熱處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機電整合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="逆向工程">逆向工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電機">電機</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="通訊">通訊</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息">信息</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="电动机械学">电动机械学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學">電機工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電子學">電子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="电子工程">电子工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="通信工程">通信工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%8F%8A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息及通信技术">信息及通信技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%86%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="冷冻">冷凍</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="空調">空調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="計算機科學">計算機科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="計算機工程">計算機工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="本体工程">本体工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬體工程(页面不存在)">硬體工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="信号处理">信号處理</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E9%A0%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視頻工程(页面不存在)">視頻工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%84%E9%9F%B3" title="錄音">音頻工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="应用数学">应用数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">软件工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息技术">信息技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%96%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="可視化">可视化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="图形">图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="人工智慧">人工智慧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="数据科学">数据科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="数据挖掘">數據挖掘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">機器學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="语音识别">语音识别</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="大數據">大數據</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9D%97%E9%93%BE" title="区块链">區塊鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="密碼學">密碼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E7%AB%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="雲端運算">云计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="邊緣運算">邊緣運算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="分布式計算">分布式計算</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="核技术">核技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="储能技术">儲能技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="藥理學">藥</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="護理學">護理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學技術(页面不存在)">化學技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="化学信息学">化学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學檢驗(页面不存在)">化學檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生化技術(页面不存在)">生化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物檢驗(页面不存在)">生物檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生科學">醫療衛生科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="纳米医学">纳米医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="护理学">护理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="组织工程学">组织工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化工程(页面不存在)">物化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化技術(页面不存在)">物化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理工程學(页面不存在)">物理工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理技術(页面不存在)">物理技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="材料化学">材料化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="農業工程">農業工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="食品技术">食品技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96" title="水產養殖">水產養殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="漁業">水產學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="營養學">營養學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食品微生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Food microbiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品微生物學(页面不存在)">食品微生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Food microbiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Food microbiology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遺傳利用限制技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic use restriction technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遺傳利用限制技術(页面不存在)">遺傳利用限制技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_use_restriction_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic use restriction technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic use restriction technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境科技</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生態工程">生態工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潔淨科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%94%E6%B7%A8%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潔淨科技(页面不存在)">潔淨科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Clean technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態技術(页面不存在)">生態技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecotechnology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境工程科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental engineering science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境工程科學(页面不存在)">環境工程科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental engineering science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental engineering science</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教育軟體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Educational software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教育軟體(页面不存在)">教育軟體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" class="extiw" title="en:Educational software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Educational software</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛擬校園" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual campus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬校園(页面不存在)">虛擬校園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual campus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual campus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">熱學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="電學">電學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁學">電磁學</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="微技术">微技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="军事技术与装备列表">軍事技術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍事通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事通信(页面不存在)">軍事通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" class="extiw" title="en:Military communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military communications</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E8%97%A5" title="彈藥">彈藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" title="炸弹">炸弹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="電子作戰">電子作戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%81%B5%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="低可偵測性技術">低可偵測性技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B5" title="工兵">工兵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">機器人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機械電子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%84%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質組學">蛋白質組學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="金融科技">金融科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎設施">基礎設施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="發明">發明</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="发明年表">發明年表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="機器">機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD" title="技能">技能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝">工藝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前技术纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of prehistoric technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前技术纲要(页面不存在)">史前技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of prehistoric technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of prehistoric technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代技術(页面不存在)">古代技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀技術(页面不存在)">中世紀技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文藝復興技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renaissance technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝復興技術(页面不存在)">文藝復興技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Renaissance technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renaissance technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">第一次工业革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="噴氣時代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jet Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%B4%E6%B0%A3%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噴氣時代(页面不存在)">噴氣時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Jet Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jet Age</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第二次工业革命">第二次工业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="數字化革命">第三次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第四次工業革命">第四次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="互聯網泡沫">互聯網泡沫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="社交網路服務">社交網路服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="新零售">新零售</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2O" title="O2O">O2O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">信息技术教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82" title="大规模开放在线课堂">大规模开放在线课堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91" title="理工科">STEM教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:資訊科技教育">Category:資訊科技教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術理論(页面不存在)">理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of technology</span></a></span>)</span></span><br />和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術倫理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethics of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術倫理(页面不存在)">技術倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethics of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethics of technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%A1%91" title="技術的社會形塑">技術的社會形塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="技术决定论">技术决定论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="技術中立原則">技術中立原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超人类主义">超人类主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="技术接受模型">技术接受模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="专家统治">专家统治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A5%87%E7%82%B9" title="技术奇点">技术奇点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="技术成熟度曲线">技术成熟度曲线</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术类别" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q112057532"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术类别(页面不存在)">技术类别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112057532" class="extiw" title="d:Q112057532"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q112057532</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍民兩用技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual-use technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍民兩用技術(页面不存在)">軍民兩用技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Dual-use technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual-use technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="高科技">高科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">适用技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="通用技术">通用技术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关键技术" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Schlüsseltechnologie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关键技术(页面不存在)">关键技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsseltechnologie" class="extiw" title="de:Schlüsseltechnologie"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Schlüsseltechnologie</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="新兴技术">新兴技术</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="新興技術列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="卡尔达肖夫指数">卡尔达肖夫指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Category:各国科技">Category:各国科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="Category:科技公司">Category:科技公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E8%80%85" title="技术传播者">技术传播者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="技术新闻学">技术新闻学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:技术">Category:技术</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:技術">commons:Category:技術</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:技術">技術主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Science des matériaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959440d">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Science des matériaux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959440d">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Werkstoffkunde"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079184-1">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555768505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Materials science"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85082094">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="材料科学"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01202762">日本</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="nauka o materiálu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138392&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="재료 과학[材料科學]"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2002036100">韩国</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300054496">AAT</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300251959">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=65994">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐cc877b49b‐fvn9d Cached time: 20241127121044 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.682 seconds Real time usage: 0.868 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2905/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 158638/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2653/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 37/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45235/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.375/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15583093/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 639.109 1 -total 39.80% 254.358 5 Template:Navbox 18.86% 120.556 1 Template:Lang-en 18.79% 120.109 1 Template:Expert 16.99% 108.609 1 Template:材料科学分支 15.98% 102.133 1 Template:技术 14.22% 90.868 1 Template:Authority_control 13.86% 88.574 2 Template:Ambox 5.31% 33.947 2 Template:WikidataLink 4.78% 30.561 1 Template:Category_handler --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:157:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241127121044 and revision id 85012288. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=材料科学&oldid=85012288">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=材料科学&oldid=85012288</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:材料科學">材料科學</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2020%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:自2020年4月需要专业人士关注的页面">自2020年4月需要专业人士关注的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:所有需要專家關注的頁面">所有需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:其他需要專家關注的頁面">其他需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2009%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E7%91%A3%E7%A2%8E%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2009年8月需要清理的內容瑣碎條目">自2009年8月需要清理的內容瑣碎條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月18日 (星期一) 05:01。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6rq8x","wgBackendResponseTime":189,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.682","walltime":"0.868","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2905,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":158638,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2653,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":37,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":45235,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 639.109 1 -total"," 39.80% 254.358 5 Template:Navbox"," 18.86% 120.556 1 Template:Lang-en"," 18.79% 120.109 1 Template:Expert"," 16.99% 108.609 1 Template:材料科学分支"," 15.98% 102.133 1 Template:技术"," 14.22% 90.868 1 Template:Authority_control"," 13.86% 88.574 2 Template:Ambox"," 5.31% 33.947 2 Template:WikidataLink"," 4.78% 30.561 1 Template:Category_handler"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.375","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15583093,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-fvn9d","timestamp":"20241127121044","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q228736","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q228736","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-27T07:17:10Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T05:01:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/Stsheat.jpg","headline":"\u5b66\u79d1"}</script> </body> </html>