CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>Historia – Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas » Feed" href="https://glnf.ph/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas » Comments Feed" href="https://glnf.ph/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas » Historia Comments Feed" href="https://glnf.ph/historia/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='flagallery-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/flash-album-gallery/assets/flagallery.css?ver=6.0.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .wp-block-gutena-forms .is-style-round-range-slider .gutena-forms-field.range-field { -webkit-appearance: none; width: 100%; height: 8px; border: 1px solid var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-border-color, #D7DBE7); border-radius: 5px; background: var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-bg-color,"transparent"); outline: none; -webkit-transition: .2s; transition: opacity .2s; } .wp-block-gutena-forms .is-style-round-range-slider .gutena-forms-field.range-field:hover{ border: 1px solid var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-border-color, #D7DBE7); opacity: 1; } .wp-block-gutena-forms .is-style-round-range-slider .gutena-forms-field.range-field:focus { border: 1px solid var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-focus-border-color, var(--wp--preset--color--primary, #3F6DE4 )); } .wp-block-gutena-forms .is-style-round-range-slider .gutena-forms-field.range-field::-webkit-slider-thumb { -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; width: 20px; height: 20px; border: 2px solid var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-border-color, #D7DBE7); border-radius: 50%; background: var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-focus-border-color, var(--wp--preset--color--primary, #3F6DE4 )); cursor: pointer; } .wp-block-gutena-forms .is-style-round-range-slider .gutena-forms-field.range-field::-moz-range-thumb { width: 20px; height: 20px; border: 2px solid var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-border-color, #D7DBE7); border-radius: 50%; background: var(--wp--gutena-forms--input-focus-border-color, var(--wp--preset--color--primary, #3F6DE4 )); cursor: pointer; } </style> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='btn-button-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/button-block/build/view.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-accordion-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-accordion/build/style-index.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-forms-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-forms/build/style-index.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-play-button-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-lightbox/build/play-button/style-index.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <style id='gutena-star-ratings-style-inline-css'> .gutena-star-ratings-block{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.gutena-star-ratings-block.align-center{justify-content:center}.gutena-star-ratings-block.align-right{justify-content:flex-end}.gutena-star-ratings-block svg{margin:0!important;padding:0!important} </style> <style id='gutena-tabs-style-inline-css'> .gutena-tabs-block{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;row-gap:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-after-gap,10px)}@media only screen and (max-width:780px)and (min-width:361px){.gutena-tabs-block.tablet-scroll>.gutena-tabs-tab{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start!important;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap}.gutena-tabs-block.tablet-scroll>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title{flex:1 0 auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){.gutena-tabs-block.mobile-scroll>.gutena-tabs-tab{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start!important;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap}.gutena-tabs-block.mobile-scroll>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title{flex:1 0 auto}}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-spacing,10px);justify-content:flex-start;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab .gutena-tab-title{min-width:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-min-width)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab.tab-center{justify-content:center}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab.tab-right{justify-content:flex-end}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab.tab-flex .gutena-tab-title{flex:1 0 var(--gutena--tabs-tab-min-width,auto);min-width:none}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title{background:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-background-gradient-color,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-background-color,#fff));border-bottom:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-bottom);border-left:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-left);border-radius:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-radius);border-right:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-right);border-top:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-top);box-shadow:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-box-shadow);color:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-text-color,#000);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-font-family,inherit);font-size:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-font-size,14px);font-style:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-font-style);font-weight:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-font-weight);padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding);position:relative;text-align:center;text-transform:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-text-transfrom)}@media only screen and (max-width:780px){.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title{padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding-tablet,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding))}}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title{padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding-mobile,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding-tablet,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-padding)))}}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title:hover{background:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-background-gradient-color,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-background-color,#fff));border-bottom:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-border-bottom,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-bottom));border-left:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-border-left,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-left));border-radius:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-border-radius,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-radius));border-right:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-border-right,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-right));border-top:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-border-top,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-border-top));box-shadow:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-box-shadow,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-box-shadow));color:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-text-color,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-text-color,#000));z-index:4}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title:hover>.gutena-tab-title-content .gutena-tab-title-icon svg{fill:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-hover-icon-color)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title.active{background:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-background-gradient-color,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-background-color,#fff));border-bottom:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-border-bottom);border-left:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-border-left);border-radius:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-border-radius);border-right:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-border-right);border-top:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-border-top);box-shadow:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-box-shadow);color:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-text-color,#000);z-index:4}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title.active>.gutena-tab-title-content .gutena-tab-title-icon svg{fill:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-active-icon-color)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title.active>.gutena-tab-title-content .gutena-tab-title-icon svg path{stroke-width:5px}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;justify-content:center}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content .gutena-tab-title-icon{height:100%}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content .gutena-tab-title-icon svg{height:100%;fill:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-icon-color)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content.icon-left .gutena-tab-title-icon{margin-left:-3px;margin-right:calc(var(--gutena--tabs-tab-icon-spacing, 10)*1px)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content.icon-right{flex-direction:row-reverse}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content.icon-right .gutena-tab-title-icon{margin-left:calc(var(--gutena--tabs-tab-icon-spacing, 10)*1px);margin-right:-3px}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content.icon-top{flex-direction:column}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-tab>.gutena-tab-title>.gutena-tab-title-content.icon-top .gutena-tab-title-icon{margin-bottom:calc(var(--gutena--tabs-tab-icon-spacing, 10)*1px)}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-content{margin:0!important;position:relative;z-index:2}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-content>.gutena-tab-block{background:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-background-gradient-color,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-background-color,#fff));border-bottom:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-border-bottom);border-left:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-border-left);border-radius:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-border-radius);border-right:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-border-right);border-top:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-border-top);box-shadow:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-box-shadow);color:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-text-color,#000);margin:0;padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding)}@media only screen and (max-width:780px){.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-content>.gutena-tab-block{padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding-tablet,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding))}}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-content>.gutena-tab-block{padding:var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding-mobile,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding-tablet,var(--gutena--tabs-tab-container-padding)))}}.gutena-tabs-block>.gutena-tabs-content>.gutena-tab-block:not(.active){display:none} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-team-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-team/build/style-index.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-testimonials-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-testimonial/build/style-index.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ilb-icon-list-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/icon-list-block/build/view.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-newsletter-form-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/newsletter-block-by-gutena/build/newsletter-form/style-index.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <style id='gutena-newsletter-field-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field{display:flex}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form{display:inherit;width:100%}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form .gutena-newsletter-field{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit!important;font:inherit!important;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;outline:0;padding:0;text-transform:inherit;width:100%}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form .gutena-newsletter-field:focus{border:0;box-shadow:none!important;outline:0!important}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form .gutena-newsletter-field::-moz-placeholder{color:inherit!important;opacity:.4!important}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form .gutena-newsletter-field::placeholder{color:inherit!important;opacity:.4!important}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field .gutena-newsletter-form .gutena-newsletter-action{background-color:transparent;border:0;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;transition:color .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1)}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;position:relative}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.success{color:#029a5a}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.success.status:before{border-color:#029a5a;content:"✓"}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.warning{color:#df5000}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.warning.status:before{border-color:#df5000;content:"!"}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.error{color:#fa2323}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.error.status:before{border-color:#fa2323;content:"✕"}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.status{padding:2px 35px}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message.status:before{border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;content:"!";display:block;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;height:20px;left:0;line-height:20px;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0;width:20px}.wp-block-gutena-newsletter-field+.gutena-newsletter-message .loader{animation:spin 2s linear infinite;border:2px solid #f3f3f3;border-radius:50%;border-top-color:#029a5a;display:inline-block;height:20px;margin-right:10px;vertical-align:middle;width:20px}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}} </style> <style id='gutena-instagram-gallery-style-inline-css'> .photofeed-blocks-grid{grid-gap:var(--gutena--photofeed-block-gap,1.5rem);display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);justify-content:center;list-style:none;margin:auto;padding:0}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-3{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-4{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-5{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-6{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-7{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid.columns-8{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item{height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item:hover .photofeed-block-item-inner.zoom-in .instagram-image{transform:scale(1.1)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item:hover .photofeed-block-item-inner.zoom-out .instagram-image{transform:scale(1)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item:hover .photofeed-block-item-inner.rotate-in .instagram-image{transform:scale(1.1) rotate(3deg)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item:hover .photofeed-block-item-inner.rotate-out .instagram-image{transform:scale(1) rotate(0deg)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item:hover .photofeed-block-item-inner figcaption{opacity:1}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner{height:100%;margin:0;position:relative;transition:all .4s ease-in-out;width:100%}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner:hover .overlay{opacity:var(--gutena--photofeed-image-hover-opacity,.5)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner.zoom-out img{transform:scale(1.1)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner.rotate-out img{transform:scale(1.1) rotate(3deg)}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner .instagram-image{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;transition:all .3s cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.7,.8);width:100%}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner .overlay{background-color:var(--gutena--photofeed-image-hover-color,#008cba);bottom:0;cursor:pointer;height:100%;left:0;opacity:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;transition:all .4s ease-in-out;width:100%}.photofeed-blocks-grid .photofeed-block-item .photofeed-block-item-inner .overlay .text{color:var(--gutena--photofeed-caption-hover-color,#fff);font-size:20px;left:50%;line-height:1.5;margin:0;opacity:1;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontAwesome-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/button-block/public/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.4.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='aos-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/button-block/public/css/aos.css?ver=3.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-index-css-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gallery-styles/build/style-index.css?ver=1742292022' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ccf-jquery-ui-css' href='//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ccf-form-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/assets/build/css/form.min.css?ver=7.8.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-kit-block-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-kit/public/css/block-editor.min.css?ver=2.0.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gutena-kit-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-kit/public/css/gutena-kit-public.min.css?ver=2.0.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='uaf_client_css-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/useanyfont/uaf.css?ver=1742292083' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpccp-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/wp-content-copy-protection/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=1687904610' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ye_dynamic-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed/css/main.min.css?ver=5.3.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avenews-google-fonts-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/fonts/38e11d9b5ad912d7148b215742f798d3.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/assets/css/swiper-bundle.min.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avenews-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <style id='avenews-style-inline-css'> @media (min-width: 1000px){ .site-title { font-size: 40px; } } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='avenews-night-style-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/assets/css/dark-mode.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <style id='avenews-night-style-inline-css'> :root { --theme-darkmode-accent-color: #dd3333; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-members-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/wp-members/assets/css/forms/generic-no-float.min.css?ver=3.5.2' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <script id="jquery-core-js-extra"> var theme_data = {"themeLogo":["https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1-150x150.png",150,150,true]}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-accordion/build/view.js?ver=5ee49e43fe188c4120bb" id="gutena-accordion-script-js"></script> <script id="gutena-forms-script-js-extra"> var gutenaFormsBlock = {"submit_action":"gutena_forms_submit","ajax_url":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"e10c959ea9","grecaptcha_type":"0","grecaptcha_site_key":"","grecaptcha_secret_key":"","pricing_link":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-admin\/admin.php?page=gutena-forms&pagetype=introduction#gutena-forms-pricing","required_msg":"Please fill in this field","required_msg_optin":"Please check this checkbox","required_msg_select":"Please select an option","required_msg_check":"Please check an option","invalid_email_msg":"Please enter a valid email address","min_value_msg":"Input value should be greater than","max_value_msg":"Input value should be less than"}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-forms/build/script.js?ver=88d2bed4428a29f4f231" id="gutena-forms-script-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/gutena-lightbox/build/play-button/view.js?ver=68ac5a6dd1eeb27d33c4" id="gutena-play-button-script-js"></script> <script id="gutena-newsletter-field-script-js-extra"> var gutenaNewsletterBlockLegacy = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"952af7b2ba","in_process":"Processing...","email_invalid":"Email is not valid!"}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/newsletter-block-by-gutena/build/newsletter-field/view.js?ver=0c891bee3a27526467c4" id="gutena-newsletter-field-script-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.7" id="underscore-js"></script> <script id="ccf-form-js-extra"> var ccfSettings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","required":"This field is required.","date_required":"Date is required.","hour_required":"Hour is required.","minute_required":"Minute is required.","am-pm_required":"AM\/PM is required.","match":"Emails do not match.","email":"This is not a valid email address.","recaptcha":"Your reCAPTCHA response was incorrect.","recaptcha_theme":"light","phone":"This is not a valid phone number.","digits":"This phone number is not 10 digits","hour":"This is not a valid hour.","date":"This date is not valid.","minute":"This is not a valid minute.","fileExtension":"This is not an allowed file extension","fileSize":"This file is bigger than","unknown":"An unknown error occured.","website":"This is not a valid URL. URL's must start with http(s):\/\/"}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/assets/build/js/form.min.js?ver=7.8.5" id="ccf-form-js"></script> <script id="ssbs-nonce-js-after"> var sss_nonce_frontend = "39af0bcbe6" </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/2" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://glnf.ph/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://glnf.ph/historia/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://glnf.ph/?p=2' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"> <style type="text/css" id="pf-main-css"> @media screen { .printfriendly { z-index: 1000; position: relative } .printfriendly a, .printfriendly a:link, .printfriendly a:visited, .printfriendly a:hover, .printfriendly a:active { font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; border: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; outline:none; font-size: 14px !important; color: #6D9F00 !important; } .printfriendly.pf-alignleft { float: left; } .printfriendly.pf-alignright { float: right; } .printfriendly.pf-aligncenter { justify-content: center; display: flex; align-items: center; } } .pf-button-img { border: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } img.pf-button-img + .pf-button-text { margin-left: 6px; } @media print { .printfriendly { display: none; } } </style> <style type="text/css" id="pf-excerpt-styles"> .pf-button.pf-button-excerpt { display: none; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(url){ if(/(?:Chrome\/26\.0\.1410\.63 Safari\/537\.31|WordfenceTestMonBot)/.test(navigator.userAgent)){ return; } var addEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { document.attachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var removeEvent = function(evt, handler) { if (window.removeEventListener) { document.removeEventListener(evt, handler, false); } else if (window.detachEvent) { document.detachEvent('on' + evt, handler); } }; var evts = 'contextmenu dblclick drag dragend dragenter dragleave dragover dragstart drop keydown keypress keyup mousedown mousemove mouseout mouseover mouseup mousewheel scroll'.split(' '); var logHuman = function() { if (window.wfLogHumanRan) { return; } window.wfLogHumanRan = true; var wfscr = document.createElement('script'); wfscr.type = 'text/javascript'; wfscr.async = true; wfscr.src = url + '&r=' + Math.random(); (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(wfscr); for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { removeEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } }; for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i++) { addEvent(evts[i], logHuman); } })('//glnf.ph/?wordfence_lh=1&hid=5D895FF2BB6E958AC2CBF944EF40D2A0'); </script>  <link rel="pingback" href="https://glnf.ph/xmlrpc.php"> <script type="text/javascript"> let avenews_storageKey = 'theme-preference'; let avenews_getColorPreference = function () { if (localStorage.getItem(avenews_storageKey)) { return localStorage.getItem(avenews_storageKey); } else { return window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light'; } }; let avenews_theme = { value: avenews_getColorPreference() }; let avenews_setPreference = function () { localStorage.setItem(avenews_storageKey, avenews_theme.value); avenews_reflectPreference(); }; let avenews_reflectPreference = function () { document.firstElementChild.setAttribute("data-theme", avenews_theme.value); let toggleButtons = document.querySelectorAll(".theme-button-colormode"); toggleButtons.forEach(function (button) { button.setAttribute("aria-label", avenews_theme.value); }); }; // Set early so no page flashes / CSS is made aware avenews_reflectPreference(); window.addEventListener('load', function () { avenews_reflectPreference(); let toggleButtons = document.querySelectorAll(".theme-button-colormode"); toggleButtons.forEach(function (button) { button.addEventListener("click", function () { avenews_theme.value = avenews_theme.value === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light'; avenews_setPreference(); }); }); }); // Sync with system changes window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').addEventListener('change', function ({matches: isDark}) { avenews_theme.value = isDark ? 'dark' : 'light'; avenews_setPreference(); }); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cropped-cropped-155655_107958672610926_96398_n-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cropped-cropped-155655_107958672610926_96398_n-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cropped-cropped-155655_107958672610926_96398_n-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cropped-cropped-155655_107958672610926_96398_n-270x270.jpg" /> <style id="egf-frontend-styles" type="text/css"> p {} h1 {} h2 {} h3 {} h4 {} h5 {} h6 {} </style> <div align="center"> <noscript> <div style="position:fixed; top:0px; left:0px; z-index:3000; height:100%; width:100%; background-color:#FFFFFF"> <br/><br/> <div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14px; background-color:#FFFFCC; border: 1pt solid Black; padding: 10pt;"> Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! </div> </div> </noscript> </div> </head> <body data-rsssl=1 class="page-template-default page page-id-2 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive avenews-dark-mode"> <div id="page" class="site"> <div id="theme-preloader-initialize" class="theme-preloader"> <div class="theme-preloader-spinner theme-preloader-spinner-3"> <div class="theme-preloader-throbber"></div> </div> </div> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#site-main-content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header theme-site-header header-has-height-small " role="banner"> <div class="masthead-middle-header"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-header-wrapper"> <div class="site-header-area site-header-left"> </div> <div class="site-header-area site-header-center"> <div class="site-branding"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://glnf.ph/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="1000" height="282" src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1.png 1000w, https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1-300x85.png 300w, https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1-768x217.png 768w, https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-cropped-WebsiteLogo-1-125x35.png 125w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></a> </div> <div class="site-title"> <a href="https://glnf.ph/" rel="home">Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-area site-header-right"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="masthead-bottom-header has-sticky-header"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-header-wrapper"> <div class="site-header-area site-header-left"> <div id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation theme-primary-menu"> <nav class="primary-menu-wrapper" aria-label="Primary"> <ul class="primary-menu reset-list-style"> <li id="menu-item-955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-2 current_page_item menu-item-955"><a href="https://glnf.ph/historia/" aria-current="page">Historia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-948"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/">Gran Logia<span class="icon"><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1.646 4.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0L8 10.293l5.646-5.647a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path></svg></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-956"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/glnf-oficiales/">Officiales</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1118" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1118"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/mm/">Logia Simbolikas (Miembros)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-945"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/">Supremo Consejo<span class="icon"><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1.646 4.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0L8 10.293l5.646-5.647a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path></svg></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-946"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/supremo-consejo/">Officiales</a></li> <li id="menu-item-947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-947"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/7points/">Siete Puntos de la Regularidad</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-950"><a href="https://glnf.ph/contactenos/">Contáctenos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-953"><a href="https://glnf.ph/solidaridad/">Solidaridad</a></li> <li id="menu-item-954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-954"><a href="https://glnf.ph/codigo-masonico/">Codigo Masonico</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-area site-header-right"> <button class="theme-button theme-button-transparent theme-button-colormode" title="Toggle light/dark mode" aria-label="auto" aria-live="polite"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Switch color mode</span> <span id="colormode-switch-area"> <span id="mode-icon-switch"></span> <span class="mode-icon-change"></span> </span> </button> <button id="theme-toggle-offcanvas-button" class="hide-on-desktop theme-button theme-button-transparent theme-button-offcanvas" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-offcanvas-navigation"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> <span class="toggle-icon"><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1 3v2h18V3zm0 8h18V9H1zm0 6h18v-2H1z" /></svg></span> </button> <button id="theme-toggle-search-button" class="theme-button theme-button-transparent theme-button-search" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-header-search"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M24 21.172l-5.66-5.66C19.387 13.932 20 12.038 20 10c0-5.523-4.477-10-10-10S0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10c2.038 0 3.932-.613 5.512-1.66l5.66 5.66L24 21.172zM4 10c0-3.31 2.69-6 6-6s6 2.69 6 6-2.69 6-6 6-6-2.69-6-6z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div></header> <div class="site-header-area header-trending-tags"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="trending-tags-wrapper"> <div class="trending-tags-title"> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 22 22"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 15.09375 6.824219 L 16.414062 8.140625 L 14.40625 10.257812 L 12.398438 12.371094 L 10.117188 10.097656 C 8.863281 8.84375 7.820312 7.820312 7.800781 7.820312 C 7.769531 7.824219 1.898438 15.757812 1.472656 16.371094 C 1.429688 16.4375 1.507812 16.386719 1.65625 16.257812 C 1.796875 16.140625 3.234375 14.902344 4.855469 13.515625 L 7.800781 10.992188 L 7.972656 11.183594 C 8.066406 11.289062 9.101562 12.375 10.269531 13.601562 L 12.398438 15.820312 L 12.527344 15.671875 C 12.59375 15.589844 13.863281 14.222656 15.339844 12.636719 L 18.019531 9.75 L 19.324219 11.050781 L 20.625 12.351562 L 20.625 5.5 L 13.773438 5.5 Z M 15.09375 6.824219 " /></svg> Trending </div> <div class="trending-tags-panel"> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/outreach/" class="trending-tags-link"> #outreach </a> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/medicalmission/" class="trending-tags-link"> #medicalmission </a> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/reliefmission/" class="trending-tags-link"> #reliefmission </a> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/communityservice/" class="trending-tags-link"> #communityservice </a> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/laligafilipina/" class="trending-tags-link"> #laligafilipina </a> <a href="https://glnf.ph/tag/araw-ng-kagitingan/" class="trending-tags-link"> #Araw ng kagitingan </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="site-main-content" class="site-content-area"> <main id="site-content" role="main"> <div class="wrapper"> <div id="primary" class="content-area theme-sticky-component"> <article id="post-2" class="post-2 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title entry-title-large">Historia</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="pf-content"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN THE PHILIPPINES</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><em><strong>EXCERPTS FROM THE “HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN THE PHILIPPINES”</strong></em></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><em><strong>BY SOV.’. GRAN.’. COM.’. GERONIMO S. ESGUERRA</strong></em></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">“All history is the record of a great man; admiration of great men is deep-seated in mankind; this admiration, which is hero worship, is the basis of society, the influence vivifying man, and the foundation of religion…..The hero, who is characteristically inspired, sincere, loyal, and reverent, and who possesses insight and a strong sense of duty, is the ablest man of any generation; he is a doer who will lead people aright; and he will be only as great as the age that produces him.” – <em>THOMAS CARLYE (1785-1881), Scottish essayist and historian.</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">“The first law of history is not to dare say anything false; and to dare leave out anything of the truth; that there be no suspicion of favor in writing and no simulation.” –<em>POPE LEO XIII, Encyclical Saepucemero Considerantes, 1883</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>MAGDALO LODGE – THE MOLE IN THE HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE </strong><strong>PHILIPPINES </strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong> </strong><strong> </strong><br /> <strong><a href="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/aguinaldo.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-203 aligncenter" src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/aguinaldo.jpg" alt="aguinaldo" width="121" height="206" srcset="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/aguinaldo.jpg 121w, https://glnf.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/aguinaldo-59x100.jpg 59w" sizes="(max-width: 121px) 100vw, 121px" /></a></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CHAIN O</strong><strong>F</strong><strong> E</strong><strong>VENTS – HISTORY OF MAGDALO LODGE AND THE DOWNGRADING OF ITS FOUNDER</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1914</strong> – Several Kawit members of Pilar Lodge No. 203 of Imus, Cavite formed a separate Lodge under dispensation and named it “Magdalo” symbolic name of General Emilio Aguinaldo in the Katipunan.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Charter members of Magdalo Lodge, were the following: Emilio Aguinaldo, Felix Cajulis, Canuto Encarnacion, Servillano P. Herrera, Pelagio Ignacio, Benedicti Ilano, Silvestre Legaspi, Vicente Marquez, Severino Palugod, Daniel Sambong, and Lope Sayo (11 in all).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>December 21, 1914</strong> – Gran Maestre of La Federacion del Gran Oriente Espanol in Madrid granted charter to Logia Magdalo and designated it No. 371. Logia Magdalo was located in the residence of General Emilio Aguinaldo (now Aguinaldo Shrine).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1914</strong> – Elected officers for 1915 were:</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Her.<sup>.</sup>.Emilio Aguinaldo, Venerable Maestre;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Her.<sup>.</sup>.Felix Cajulis, Primer Vigilante;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Her.<sup>.</sup>.Lope Sayo, Segundo Vigilante;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Her.<sup>.</sup>.Silvestre Legaspi, Tresorero; and</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Her.<sup>.</sup>.Daniel Sambong, Secretario.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>February 1915</strong> – The first installation of Logia Magdalo No. 371. Manuel L. Quezon was one of the guest among the brethren. La Federacion del Gran Oriente Espanol in Madrid was not in fraternal communication with Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of California, U.S.A., mother of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands. For this reason, Magdalo Lodge No. 371 was not recognized by Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1916</strong> – Venerable Maestre Emilio F. Aguinaldo was re-elected.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1917</strong> – Hermano Felix Cajulis was elected Venerable Maestre.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The history of masonry in the Philippines was marked, however, by a period of growth pains, when in 1912 American masons in the country formed the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands. This brought two Grand Lodges – the other one being the Grand Regional Lodge under Gran Oriente Espanol – face to face in the question of territory and jurisdiction.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1917</strong> – The two Grand Lodges laid the ground work for a fusion and for the next few years relationship between the two was sweet. Grand Regional Lodge and Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands formed committees to lay the ground work for a fusion of the two jurisdictions. Grand Regional Lodge approved fusion but this was disapproved by the Grand Lodges of the Philippine Islands, and demanded that each Lodge under the Grand Regional Lodge be admitted through affiliation.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Manuel L. Quezon</strong> – Was the head of the committee on the fusion of the Gran Oriente Espanol lodges of the lodges of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands. He was a Master of Kadosh, Rizal Consistory, in 1927 and 1928.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>February 13, 1917 </strong>– Logia Magdalo No. 371 was recognized and affiliated by the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands and designated Magdalo Lodge No. 31, with 73 members in good standing.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1918</strong> – Wor. Bro. Felix Cajulis was re-elected Worshipful Master of Magdalo Lodge No. 31.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">But political reasons resulted in some misunderstanding, which led to the return to the former two jurisdictions. Another reason was Filipino Masons were offended by what they perceived to be American snobbery in the lodges.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">“The backbone of the Filipino-Spanish revolution and Filipino-American war were all masons under Gran Oriente Espanol, “<em>devide et impera</em>” was the American strategy to conquer.”</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Washington administration under President William McKinley underestimated the Filipino capacity to wage war. Moreover they failed to see that Aguinaldo had become the incarnation of the Filipino’s aspirations for nationhood. Washington military strategists had thought that two months would be enough to crash Aguinaldo’s army of little brown men armed with primitive weapons and near obsolete guns they had seized from the Spaniards. They were wrong. The Americans did not reckon with the fact that the Filipinos were fighting not only in self-defense against them but also with a new-found sense of national pride borne of their successful revolution against Spain. Thus when the dust and smoke of battle had vanished the victorious Americans had it ruefully admit their tremendous losses in men and material – 4,234 soldiers of the 124,000-man U.S. Eight Army Corps killed in a total of 2,811 recorded battles and at a cost of Php 600,000,000 – a huge amount in those days – spent by the McKinley administration in their first imperialist venture in Asia.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The Philippine-American war (1899-1901), 16,000 Filipino soldiers killed and 900,000 Filipino civilians died from famine and disease.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Control of the Filipino minds was the first priority of the American colonizers, “divide and rule”</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1919</strong> – <strong>The Gran Oriente Espanol </strong>– whose legal powers were never sought to effect the fusion – finally realized its dream of re-establishing itself in the Philippineswith a mandate granted to Mariano Tenorio and Walter Bruggman to re-organize its symbolic lodges in the Philippines and revive its Scottish Rite Bodies in thePhilippines.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The two had a strong sales pitch. They carried the name of the Gran Oriente Espanol, a Masonic body which at that time was a valuable element in the dissemination of Masonic ideals in the country, and to which many old Filipino masons still felt a strong attachment and affection. They also offered the opportunity to continue practicing the Scottish ritual, which they preferred over the York Rite ritual because it was more in time with their temperament.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1923</strong> – The rift between Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and Manuel L. Quezon started. Quezon, major in the Filipino revolutionary army whose commander in chief was Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. The followers of Manuel L. Quezon revived the rumors that Aguinaldo had ordered both the execution of Andres Bonifacio and the assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1923</strong> – Bro. Teoderico A. Jimenez was elected Treasurer of Magdalo Lodge No. 31 – He wanted that all properties of the Lodge be inventoried.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1924</strong> – Meanwhile, during a reception for the visiting Prince of Wales “Many Filipinos of rank in the hierarchy were not allowed to attend the ceremonies going inside the Masonic temple.” Because of this racial discrimination, which is described as a perennial sore of humanity,” broke away from and re-established the old orders called the “Filipino Body” and the “American Body.”</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1924</strong> – Asserting their right to formally constitute a Masonic power in the land of their birth, Filipino masons moved to institutionalized for themselves the Supremo Consejo del Grado 33 Para Filipinas under the jurisdiction of the Grand Regional Lodge founded in 1907. this regional lodge was under the Gran Oriente Espanol, which had established Masonic lodges in the country in the late 1800’s. The Supremo Consejo del Grado 33 Para Filipinas was duly organized and incorporated on July 4, 1924with the purpose of inculcating the principles of ancient, free and accepted Masonry.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>July 4, 1924</strong> – The Filipino body, in a General assembly attended by more than 300 Master Masons from all over the country, unanimously adopted a proclamation saying that the Philippines is an exclusively Filipino Masonic territory under the jurisdiction of the Supremo Consejo del Grado 33 Para Filipinas headed by Soverano Gran Commendador Timoteo Paez and his council. Among the members of the council were Dr. Barcelona, Judge Rodas, Geronimo Santiago, Atty. Ruperto Castillo Tirol, Atty. Francisco Varona, Don Vicente Liwanag, Elias Asuncion, and others. This Supreme Council was founded by acclamation by Filipino Masons at a time when no other such council existed in the Philippines.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">After its constitution, the existence of the Supremo Consejo del Grado 33 Para Filipinas was formally proclaimed to the four corners of the world on December 30 – Rizal Day – of the same year.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1927</strong> – Bro. Teodorico A. Jimenez was elected Worshipful Master of the Magdalo Lodge No. 31 and re-elected the following year. It was during his second term that the lodge was split over the question of registry of all lodge properties in its name. Some brethren sympathetic to the charter members (Old Guards) suggested such action should be deferred to a later date but after ten months of confusion, the majority members of Magdalo Lodge No. 31 unanimously approved a resolution on October 6, 1928 asking the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands for the change of name Magdalo Lodge No. 31 to Ibarra Lodge No. 31. Four days later onOctober 10, 1928, the Grand Lodge Master M.W. Bro. Teodoro M. Kalaw, granted the change of name from Magdalo Lodge No. 31 to Ibarra Lodge No. 31.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">From October 10, 1928, when Magdalo Lodge No. 31 was changed to Ibarra Lodge No. 31 Wor. Bro. Emilio Aguinaldo ceased to attend lodge meetings and was declared a dormant member.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The Secretary of the Supremo Consejo in the City of Manila contacted Hermano Canuto F. Encarnacion and organized the Magdalo Lodge designated No. 79. Among the members of the Lodge were Silvestre Vales, Victoriano Tulao, Pastor A. Encarnacion, Aurelio Santonil, Daniel Sambong, Gabino Toledo, Agapito Quiamson, Simon Ronquillo and Florentino Santonil.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Logia Magdalo No. 79 was transferred to Sta. Isabel barrio of Kawit Cavite and they held their works (Tenida) at 96 Elementary School (now Potol – Sta. IsabelElementary School). Hermano Canuto Encarnacion was the first Venerable Maestre of Logia Magdalo No. 79. Hermano Emilio Aguinaldo attended the Tenidas of the Logia Magdalo No. 79 from time to time while tending his farm at Naik in quiet solitude.</p> <h3 class="fw-title" style="text-align: justify;">G.’.L.’.N.’.F.’.</h3> <div class="fw-text"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: crimson; font-size: xx-large;">UNITE NOW</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">History repeats itself in cycles. A diligent study of History makes it possible for us to perceive the things yet to come that our progress through the Ages might wisely be controlled. Viewed as such, History becomes a useful, living covenant between the Past and the Future. History is not, as some people want to believe, a chronology of persons and events from which one may read and derive “a priori” principles supporting the claim to superiority, as if superiority, is measured by the height of a Family Tree. Unfortunately for Masonry – and for the Philippine Family in particular – there are still those who share this view of History going about us with superior air about them. The present chaotic condition of Freemasonry in the Philippines is not new in the long History of the Fraternity. No Brother, much as he desires to bridge the gap, entertains the sincere belief that any historical and legal pronouncements alone, however erudite. Can bring the much needed order into the chaos. However, it cannot for a moment be doubted that in the heart of every Brother is the Supreme desire to bring harmony and peace to the present melancholy condition of Masonic affair. The History of Freemasonry in the Philippines from the time the first American Mason landed in Manila until the present, has a faithful counterpart in the early History of Masonry in England from 1717, when the Four Lodges met and formed the Grand Lodge of England, until 1813, when the Grand Lodge of the “Moderns” and the Grand Lodge of the “Ancients” united to form the United Grand Lodge. In 1751 a group of Irish Masons seeded and established their own Grand Lodge in the Southern part of England and called themselves the true Ancient Masons. It was from this Body that the biggest and most influential Jurisdictions in the United States were Warranted. These are the so-called York Masons in the United States and in the Philippines today, and who were called irregular Masons then, although many of them were Masons from Ireland. From this short account, a Historical cycle becomes apparent and one may perceive at once that the present Members of the Gran Logia Nacional de Filipinas are the mirror-images, historically speaking, of those Ancient Masons. These Brothers seceded also from the Grand Lodge of the Philippines for reasons both honorable and sufficient, and they, too, were Freemasons even before the American “Yorks” came to the Philippines. It is not necessary here to give a detailed story of the very heated arguments that went on and on both in England and America between the Moderns and the Ancients from 1751 until 1813 a period of over sixty years. The important event worthy to be recalled was the final union of the two Grand Lodges made possible by two blood-brothers the Duke of Kent and the Duke of Sussex, Grand Masters both, of the Ancients and the Moderns, respectively. The Ancient Masonic History in England as well as the History of the Order both in the Continent of Europe – especially in France – and in America, teaches one simple, cardinal lesson, and it is this: – The forward march of Freemasonry, from diversity to unity is irresistible. We, of this generation, whether we like it ot not, cannot prevent the final Union, under one United Grand Lodge of the Philippines, of all Filipino Masons. And if we of this generation, cannot, and will not, UNITE NOW, the next generation will, without doubt, do that enviable labor of love for us. I say “enviable” because no one conscious of the working of History can fail to see that Masonic Niche now prepared and ready to receive a modern Duke of Kent and a Duke of Sussex, and Brothers all with big hearts and bigger understanding. The cold logic of Masonic History demands the completion of the Temple. With the impossible we should disagree, with the probable we could compromise, to the inevitable we must acquiesce. UNITE NOW.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">New York, New York TALIBA</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">(PRINTED IN SOLIDARIDAD 25th anniversary PUBLICATION, ENGLISH EDITION)</p> </div> <div class="printfriendly pf-button pf-button-content pf-alignleft"> <a href="#" rel="nofollow" onclick="window.print(); return false;" title="Printer Friendly, PDF & Email"> <img decoding="async" class="pf-button-img" src="https://cdn.printfriendly.com/buttons/print-button.png" alt="Print Friendly, PDF & Email" style="width: 66px;height: 24px;" /> </a> </div></div><div data-animation="no-animation" data-icons-animation="no-animation" data-overlay="" data-change-size="" data-button-size="1" style="font-size:1em!important;display:none;" class="supsystic-social-sharing supsystic-social-sharing-package-flat supsystic-social-sharing-content supsystic-social-sharing-content-align-center" data-text=""><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter facebook" target="_blank" title="Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={url}" data-nid="1" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-facebook"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">2</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter twitter" target="_blank" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&text=Historia" data-main-href="https://twitter.com/share?url={url}&text={title}" data-nid="2" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-twitter"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter googleplus" target="_blank" title="Google+" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="https://plus.google.com/share?url={url}" data-nid="3" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-google-plus"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter linkedin" target="_blank" title="Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=Historia&url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title={title}&url={url}" data-nid="13" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-linkedin"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter bookmark" target="_blank" title="Add Bookmark" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="15" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-plus"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter mail" target="_blank" title="Mail" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="16" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-envelope-o"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter trigger-popup without-counter" target="_blank" title="Show all networks" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="-1" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-share-alt"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><div class="supsystic-social-sharing-popup"><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter facebook" target="_blank" title="Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={url}" data-nid="1" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-facebook"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter twitter" target="_blank" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&text=Historia" data-main-href="https://twitter.com/share?url={url}&text={title}" data-nid="2" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-twitter"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter googleplus" target="_blank" title="Google+" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="https://plus.google.com/share?url={url}" data-nid="3" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-google-plus"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter vk" target="_blank" title="VKontakte" href="http://vk.com/share.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="http://vk.com/share.php?url={url}" data-nid="4" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-vk"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter like" target="_blank" title="Like" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="5" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-heart"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter reddit" target="_blank" title="Reddit" href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="http://reddit.com/submit?url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="6" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-reddit"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter pinterest" target="_blank" title="Pinterest" href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/link/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&description=Historia" data-main-href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/link/?url={url}&description={title}" data-nid="7" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-pinterest"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter digg" target="_blank" title="Digg" href="http://digg.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="http://digg.com/submit?url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="8" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-digg"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter stumbleupon" target="_blank" title="StumbleUpon" href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="9" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-stumbleupon"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter delicious" target="_blank" title="Delicious" href="https://del.icio.us/save?v=5&jump=close&url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="https://del.icio.us/save?v=5&jump=close&url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="10" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-delicious"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter livejournal" target="_blank" title="Livejournal" href="http://www.livejournal.com/update.bml?subject=Historia&event=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="http://www.livejournal.com/update.bml?subject={title}&event={url}" data-nid="11" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-pencil"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter odnoklassniki" target="_blank" title="Odnoklassniki" href="https://connect.ok.ru/offer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="https://connect.ok.ru/offer?url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="12" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-odnoklassniki"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter linkedin" target="_blank" title="Linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=Historia&url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title={title}&url={url}" data-nid="13" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-linkedin"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter print" target="_blank" title="Print" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="14" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-print"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter bookmark" target="_blank" title="Add Bookmark" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="15" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-plus"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter mail" target="_blank" title="Mail" href="#" data-main-href="#" data-nid="16" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-envelope-o"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter evernote" target="_blank" title="Evernote" href="https://www.evernote.com/clip.action?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&title=Historia" data-main-href="https://www.evernote.com/clip.action?url={url}&title={title}" data-nid="17" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw bd-evernote"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter whatsapp" target="_blank" title="WhatsApp" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F" data-main-href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text={url}" data-nid="18" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-whatsapp"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a><a data-networks="[]" class="social-sharing-button sharer-flat sharer-flat-2 counter-standard without-counter tumblr" target="_blank" title="Tumblr" href="http://www.tumblr.com/share/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F&name=Historia&description=HISTORY+OF+FREEMASONRY+IN+THE+PHILIPPINES+EXCERPTS+FROM+THE+%E2%80%9CHISTORY+OF+FREEMASONRY+IN+THE+PHILIPPINES%E2%80%9D+BY+SOV.%27.+GRAN.%27.+COM.%27.+GERONIMO+S.+ESGUERRA+%E2%80%9CAll+history+is+the+record+of+a+great+man%3B+admiration+of+great+men+is+deep-seated+in+mankind%3B+this+admiration%2C+which+is+hero+worship%2C+is+the+basis+of+society%2C+the+influence+vivifying+man%2C+and%26hellip%3B" data-main-href="http://www.tumblr.com/share/link?url={url}&name={title}&description={description}" data-nid="19" data-name="" data-pid="1" data-post-id="2" data-url="https://glnf.ph/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" rel="nofollow" data-mailto=""><i class="fa-ssbs fa-ssbs-fw fa-ssbs-tumblr"></i><div class="counter-wrap standard"><span class="counter">0</span></div></a></div></div> </div> </article> <div id="comments" class="single-comments-area theme-single-post-component no-comments"> <div class="comments-area-title"> <h3 class="comments-title"> <span class="comment-number total">+</span> There are no comments </h3> <a class="comments_add-comment" href="#reply-title">Add yours</a> </div> </div> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title"> <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/historia/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><p class="must-log-in">You must be <a href="https://glnf.ph/1925/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fglnf.ph%2Fhistoria%2F">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer " > <div class="theme-footer-bottom"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="theme-author-credit"> <div class="theme-copyright-info">  <p></p> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <a id="theme-scroll-to-start" href="javascript:void(0)"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Scroll to top</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="27" height="50" viewBox="0 0 55 100"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 0 L30 32 L60 0"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 20 L30 52 L60 20"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 40 L30 72 L60 40"></path></svg> </a> </footer> <div class="theme-offcanvas-panel theme-offcanvas-panel-menu"> <div class="theme-offcanvas-header"> <button id="theme-offcanvas-close" class="theme-button theme-button-transparent" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.717 6.697l-1.414-1.414-5.303 5.303-5.303-5.303-1.414 1.414 5.303 5.303-5.303 5.303 1.414 1.414 5.303-5.303 5.303 5.303 1.414-1.414-5.303-5.303z" /></svg> </button> </div> <div class="theme-offcanvas-content"> <nav aria-label="Mobile" role="navigation"> <ul id="theme-offcanvas-navigation" class="theme-offcanvas-menu reset-list-style"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-2 current_page_item menu-item-955"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/historia/" aria-current="page">Historia</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-948"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/">Gran Logia</a><button class="theme-button sub-menu-toggle theme-button-transparent" data-toggle-target=".theme-offcanvas-menu .menu-item-948 > .sub-menu" data-toggle-duration="250" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Show sub menu</span><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1.646 4.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0L8 10.293l5.646-5.647a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path></svg></button></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-956"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/glnf-oficiales/">Officiales</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1118"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/logias/mm/">Logia Simbolikas (Miembros)</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-945"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/">Supremo Consejo</a><button class="theme-button sub-menu-toggle theme-button-transparent" data-toggle-target=".theme-offcanvas-menu .menu-item-945 > .sub-menu" data-toggle-duration="250" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Show sub menu</span><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1.646 4.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0L8 10.293l5.646-5.647a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-6-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path></svg></button></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-946"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/supremo-consejo/">Officiales</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-947"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/supremo-consejo-2/7points/">Siete Puntos de la Regularidad</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-950"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/contactenos/">Contáctenos</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-953"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/solidaridad/">Solidaridad</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-954"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="https://glnf.ph/codigo-masonico/">Codigo Masonico</a></div></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="theme-offcanvas-socialmenu"> <div class="footer-social-navigation"><ul id="menu-socialmedia" class="theme-social-navigation theme-menu theme-footer-navigation"><li id="menu-item-988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-988"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/614904720518212"><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M17.525,9H14V7c0-1.032,0.084-1.682,1.563-1.682h1.868v-3.18C16.522,2.044,15.608,1.998,14.693,2 C11.98,2,10,3.657,10,6.699V9H7v4l3-0.001V22h4v-9.003l3.066-0.001L17.525,9z"></path></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-1438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1438"><a href="mailto:gransecretario.glnf@gmail.com"><span class="screen-reader-text">Gmail</span><svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20,4H4C2.895,4,2,4.895,2,6v12c0,1.105,0.895,2,2,2h16c1.105,0,2-0.895,2-2V6C22,4.895,21.105,4,20,4z M20,8.236l-8,4.882 L4,8.236V6h16V8.236z"></path></svg></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="theme-search-panel"> <div class="wrapper"> <div id="theme-header-search" class="search-panel-wrapper"> <form role="search" aria-label="Search for:" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://glnf.ph/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> <button id="avenews-search-canvas-close" class="theme-button theme-button-transparent search-close"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Close search </span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.717 6.697l-1.414-1.414-5.303 5.303-5.303-5.303-1.414 1.414 5.303 5.303-5.303 5.303 1.414 1.414 5.303-5.303 5.303 5.303 1.414-1.414-5.303-5.303z" /></svg> </button> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <script type="text/javascript" id="pf_script"> var pfHeaderImgUrl = ''; var pfHeaderTagline = ''; var pfdisableClickToDel = '0'; var pfImagesSize = 'full-size'; var pfImageDisplayStyle = 'right'; var pfEncodeImages = '0'; var pfShowHiddenContent = '0'; var pfDisableEmail = '0'; var pfDisablePDF = '0'; var pfDisablePrint = '0'; var pfPlatform = 'WordPress'; (function($){ $(document).ready(function(){ if($('.pf-button-content').length === 0){ $('style#pf-excerpt-styles').remove(); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script defer src='https://cdn.printfriendly.com/printfriendly.js'></script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ssbs-fa-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/fa-ssbs.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sss-base-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/base.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sss-animate-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/animate.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sss-tooltipster-main-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/tooltipster.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sss-brand-icons-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/buttons/brand-icons.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sss-tooltipster-shadow-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/tooltipster-shadow.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-sharing-builder-popup-css' href='https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/css/builder/popup.css' media='all' /> <script id="flagscript-js-extra"> var FlaGallery = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"5ade2a530b","license":"","pack":""}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/flash-album-gallery/assets/script.js?ver=6.0.2" id="flagscript-js"></script> <script src="//www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=7.8.5&onload=ccfRecaptchaOnload&render=explicit" id="ccf-google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script id="wpccp-js-before"> const wpccpMessage = '',wpccpPaste = '',wpccpUrl = 'https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/wp-content-copy-protection/'; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/wp-content-copy-protection/assets/js/script.min.js?ver=1687904610" id="wpccp-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/backbone.min.js?ver=1.6.0" id="backbone-js"></script> <script id="wp-api-ccf-js-extra"> var WP_API_Settings = {"root":"https:\/\/glnf.ph\/wp-json\/","nonce":"0712a79dd2"}; </script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/custom-contact-forms/wp-api/wp-api.js?ver=1.2" id="wp-api-ccf-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/assets/js/swiper-bundle.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="swiper-script-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/assets/js/headspace.js?ver=1.0.0" id="headspace-script-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/themes/avenews/assets/js/script.js?ver=1.0.0" id="avenews-script-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=d1ce5098da88b68ad32865eaa8ff2bab" id="comment-reply-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/js/frontend.js" id="sss-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/js/jquery.tooltipster.min.js" id="sss-tooltipster-scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/js/jquery.bpopup.min.js" id="sss-bpopup-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Shares/assets/js/share.js?ver=2.2.9" id="social-sharing-share-js"></script> <script src="https://glnf.ph/wp-content/plugins/social-share-buttons-by-supsystic/src/SocialSharing/Projects/assets/js/builder/popup.js" id="social-sharing-builder-popup-js"></script> </body> </html>