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i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color2{ background-color:#ff1f55; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color2{ border-right-color:#ff1f55; } .checked.decoration-color2 li:before { color:#ff1f55; } .stared.decoration-color2 li:before { color:#ff1f55; } .card.card-color2{ background-color:#ff1f55; } .card.bottom-border-color2{ border-bottom-color: #ff1f55; } .grad-180-transparent-color2{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,31,85,0) 0%, rgba(255,31,85,0) 50%, rgba(255,31,85,0.6) 78%, rgba(255,31,85,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color2{ border-color: #ff1f55; } .circle-counter.color2 .circle-bar{ stroke: #ff1f55; } p.color5{ color : #4caf50; } span.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h1.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h2.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h3.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h4.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h5.color5{ color : #4caf50; } h6.color5{ color : #4caf50; } .card.bg-color5, .bg-color5{ background-color:#4caf50; } a.color5:not(.button){ color:#4caf50; } a.color5:not(.button):hover{ color:#60C364; } button.color5, .button.color5{ background-color:#4caf50; border-color:#4caf50; } button.color5:hover, .button.color5:hover{ background-color:#60C364; border-color:#60C364; } button.outline.color5, .button.outline.color5{ background:none; border-color:#4caf50; color:#4caf50; } button.outline.color5:hover, .button.outline.color5:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(76,175,80,0.7); color:rgba(76,175,80,0.9); } i.fa.color5{ color:#4caf50; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color5{ border-color:#4caf50; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color5{ background-color:#4caf50; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color5{ border-color:#4caf50; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color5{ background-color:#4caf50; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color5{ border-right-color:#4caf50; } .checked.decoration-color5 li:before { color:#4caf50; } .stared.decoration-color5 li:before { color:#4caf50; } .card.card-color5{ background-color:#4caf50; } .card.bottom-border-color5{ border-bottom-color: #4caf50; } .grad-180-transparent-color5{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(76,175,80,0) 0%, rgba(76,175,80,0) 50%, rgba(76,175,80,0.6) 78%, rgba(76,175,80,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color5{ border-color: #4caf50; } .circle-counter.color5 .circle-bar{ stroke: #4caf50; } p.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } span.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h1.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h2.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h3.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h4.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h5.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } h6.color7{ color : rgb(242, 242, 242); } .card.bg-color7, .bg-color7{ background-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } a.color7:not(.button){ color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } a.color7:not(.button):hover{ color:#FFFFFF; } button.color7, .button.color7{ background-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } button.color7:hover, .button.color7:hover{ background-color:#FFFFFF; border-color:#FFFFFF; } button.outline.color7, .button.outline.color7{ background:none; border-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } button.outline.color7:hover, .button.outline.color7:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(242,242,242,0.7); color:rgba(242,242,242,0.9); } i.fa.color7{ color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } i.fa.icon.bordered.color7{ border-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } i.fa.icon.reverse.color7{ background-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color7{ border-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color7{ background-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color7{ border-right-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } .checked.decoration-color7 li:before { color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } .stared.decoration-color7 li:before { color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } .card.card-color7{ background-color:rgb(242, 242, 242); } .card.bottom-border-color7{ border-bottom-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); } .grad-180-transparent-color7{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(242,242,242,0) 0%, rgba(242,242,242,0) 50%, rgba(242,242,242,0.6) 78%, rgba(242,242,242,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color7{ border-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); } .circle-counter.color7 .circle-bar{ stroke: rgb(242, 242, 242); } p.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } span.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h1.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h2.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h3.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h4.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h5.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } h6.color8{ color : #f6f6f6; } .card.bg-color8, .bg-color8{ background-color:#f6f6f6; } a.color8:not(.button){ color:#f6f6f6; } a.color8:not(.button):hover{ color:#FFFFFF; } button.color8, .button.color8{ background-color:#f6f6f6; border-color:#f6f6f6; } button.color8:hover, .button.color8:hover{ background-color:#FFFFFF; border-color:#FFFFFF; } button.outline.color8, .button.outline.color8{ background:none; border-color:#f6f6f6; color:#f6f6f6; } button.outline.color8:hover, .button.outline.color8:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(246,246,246,0.7); color:rgba(246,246,246,0.9); } i.fa.color8{ color:#f6f6f6; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color8{ border-color:#f6f6f6; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color8{ background-color:#f6f6f6; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color8{ border-color:#f6f6f6; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color8{ background-color:#f6f6f6; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color8{ border-right-color:#f6f6f6; } .checked.decoration-color8 li:before { color:#f6f6f6; } .stared.decoration-color8 li:before { color:#f6f6f6; } .card.card-color8{ background-color:#f6f6f6; } .card.bottom-border-color8{ border-bottom-color: #f6f6f6; } .grad-180-transparent-color8{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(246,246,246,0) 0%, rgba(246,246,246,0) 50%, rgba(246,246,246,0.6) 78%, rgba(246,246,246,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color8{ border-color: #f6f6f6; } .circle-counter.color8 .circle-bar{ stroke: #f6f6f6; } p.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } span.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h1.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h2.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h3.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h4.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h5.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } h6.color9{ color : #00b0ff; } .card.bg-color9, .bg-color9{ background-color:#00b0ff; } a.color9:not(.button){ color:#00b0ff; } a.color9:not(.button):hover{ color:#14C4FF; } button.color9, .button.color9{ background-color:#00b0ff; border-color:#00b0ff; } button.color9:hover, .button.color9:hover{ background-color:#14C4FF; border-color:#14C4FF; } button.outline.color9, .button.outline.color9{ background:none; border-color:#00b0ff; color:#00b0ff; } button.outline.color9:hover, .button.outline.color9:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(0,176,255,0.7); color:rgba(0,176,255,0.9); } i.fa.color9{ color:#00b0ff; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color9{ border-color:#00b0ff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color9{ background-color:#00b0ff; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color9{ border-color:#00b0ff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color9{ background-color:#00b0ff; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color9{ border-right-color:#00b0ff; } .checked.decoration-color9 li:before { color:#00b0ff; } .stared.decoration-color9 li:before { color:#00b0ff; } .card.card-color9{ background-color:#00b0ff; } .card.bottom-border-color9{ border-bottom-color: #00b0ff; } .grad-180-transparent-color9{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,176,255,0) 0%, rgba(0,176,255,0) 50%, rgba(0,176,255,0.6) 78%, rgba(0,176,255,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color9{ border-color: #00b0ff; } .circle-counter.color9 .circle-bar{ stroke: #00b0ff; } p.color10{ color : #0076ab; } span.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h1.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h2.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h3.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h4.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h5.color10{ color : #0076ab; } h6.color10{ color : #0076ab; } .card.bg-color10, .bg-color10{ background-color:#0076ab; } a.color10:not(.button){ color:#0076ab; } a.color10:not(.button):hover{ color:#148ABF; } button.color10, .button.color10{ background-color:#0076ab; border-color:#0076ab; } button.color10:hover, .button.color10:hover{ background-color:#148ABF; border-color:#148ABF; } button.outline.color10, .button.outline.color10{ background:none; border-color:#0076ab; color:#0076ab; } button.outline.color10:hover, .button.outline.color10:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(0,118,171,0.7); color:rgba(0,118,171,0.9); } i.fa.color10{ color:#0076ab; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color10{ border-color:#0076ab; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color10{ background-color:#0076ab; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color10{ border-color:#0076ab; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color10{ background-color:#0076ab; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color10{ border-right-color:#0076ab; } .checked.decoration-color10 li:before { color:#0076ab; } .stared.decoration-color10 li:before { color:#0076ab; } .card.card-color10{ background-color:#0076ab; } .card.bottom-border-color10{ border-bottom-color: #0076ab; } .grad-180-transparent-color10{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,118,171,0) 0%, rgba(0,118,171,0) 50%, rgba(0,118,171,0.6) 78%, rgba(0,118,171,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color10{ border-color: #0076ab; } .circle-counter.color10 .circle-bar{ stroke: #0076ab; } p.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } span.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h1.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h2.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h3.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h4.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h5.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } h6.color-white{ color : #ffffff; } .card.bg-color-white, .bg-color-white{ background-color:#ffffff; } a.color-white:not(.button){ color:#ffffff; } a.color-white:not(.button):hover{ color:#FFFFFF; } button.color-white, .button.color-white{ background-color:#ffffff; border-color:#ffffff; } button.color-white:hover, .button.color-white:hover{ background-color:#FFFFFF; border-color:#FFFFFF; } button.outline.color-white, .button.outline.color-white{ background:none; border-color:#ffffff; color:#ffffff; } button.outline.color-white:hover, .button.outline.color-white:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7); color:rgba(255,255,255,0.9); } i.fa.color-white{ color:#ffffff; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color-white{ border-color:#ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ background-color:#ffffff; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color-white{ border-color:#ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color-white{ background-color:#ffffff; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color-white{ border-right-color:#ffffff; } .checked.decoration-color-white li:before { color:#ffffff; } .stared.decoration-color-white li:before { color:#ffffff; } .card.card-color-white{ background-color:#ffffff; } .card.bottom-border-color-white{ border-bottom-color: #ffffff; } .grad-180-transparent-color-white{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.6) 78%, rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color-white{ border-color: #ffffff; } .circle-counter.color-white .circle-bar{ stroke: #ffffff; } p.color-black{ color : #000000; } span.color-black{ color : #000000; } h1.color-black{ color : #000000; } h2.color-black{ color : #000000; } h3.color-black{ color : #000000; } h4.color-black{ color : #000000; } h5.color-black{ color : #000000; } h6.color-black{ color : #000000; } .card.bg-color-black, .bg-color-black{ background-color:#000000; } a.color-black:not(.button){ color:#000000; } a.color-black:not(.button):hover{ color:#141414; } button.color-black, .button.color-black{ background-color:#000000; border-color:#000000; } button.color-black:hover, .button.color-black:hover{ background-color:#141414; border-color:#141414; } button.outline.color-black, .button.outline.color-black{ background:none; border-color:#000000; color:#000000; } button.outline.color-black:hover, .button.outline.color-black:hover{ background:none; border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.7); color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9); } i.fa.color-black{ color:#000000; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color-black{ border-color:#000000; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-black{ background-color:#000000; color: #ffffff; } i.fa.icon.reverse.color-white{ color: #d5d5d5; } i.fa.icon.bordered.color-black{ border-color:#000000; } i.fa.icon.reverse.bordered.color-black{ background-color:#000000; color: #ffffff; } .top-right-triangle.color-black{ border-right-color:#000000; } .checked.decoration-color-black li:before { color:#000000; } .stared.decoration-color-black li:before { color:#000000; } .card.card-color-black{ background-color:#000000; } .card.bottom-border-color-black{ border-bottom-color: #000000; } .grad-180-transparent-color-black{ background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(0,0,0,0.6) 78%, rgba(0,0,0,0.9) 100%) !important; } .border-color-black{ border-color: #000000; } .circle-counter.color-black .circle-bar{ stroke: #000000; } /** cached colors style */ </style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-pro page-template-page-templates page-template-full-width-page page-template-propage-templatesfull-width-page-php page page-id-4502 wp-custom-logo mesmerize-inner-page mesmerize-content-no-padding "> <style> .screen-reader-text[href="#page-content"]:focus { background-color: #f1f1f1; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); clip: auto !important; clip-path: none; color: #21759b; } </style> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#page-content">Skip to content</a> <div id="page-top" class="header-top"> <div class="navigation-bar boxed coloured-nav" data-sticky='0' data-sticky-mobile='1' data-sticky-to='top' > <div class="navigation-wrapper gridContainer 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background-image:url("https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-bushtracks-express-bridge-aerial.jpg"); background-color:#6a73da' data-parallax-depth='20'> <div class="inner-header-description gridContainer"> <div class="row header-description-row"> <div class="col-xs col-xs-12"> <h1 class="hero-title"> Special Reports </h1> <p class="header-subtitle"></p> </div> </div> </div> <script> if (window.mesmerizeSetHeaderTopSpacing) { window.mesmerizeSetHeaderTopSpacing(); } </script> <div class='split-header'></div> </div> </div> <div class="page-content no-padding"> <div class="content"> <div data-label="Features" data-id="features--1" data-export-id="features-16" data-category="features" class="features-16 content-section content-section-spacing" id="features-1" style="background-color: #ffffff;"> <div class="gridContainer"> <div class="row spaced-cols" data-type="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-cropped-Role-of-Central-Banks-in-the-Era-of-Climate-Change_Cover-Page.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-94103" sizes="(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px" title="cropped-cropped-Role-of-Central-Banks-in-the-Era-of-Climate-Change_Cover-Page.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span>Role of Central Banks in the Era of Climate Change: Lessons for COMESA Member Central Banks</h4> <p class="">As climate shocks become more frequent, they are having serious macroeconomic consequences, not only affecting the short to medium term horizon that monetary policy focuses on but also the long term, that is outside the influence of monetary policy. This paper presents compelling reasons for central banks to act and respond to climate change.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Role-of-Central-Banks-in-the-Era-of-Climate-Change.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/excharnge_rates_regime_cover-217x300.jpg" alt="" width="395" height="545" class="alignnone wp-image-94103" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/excharnge_rates_regime_cover-217x300.jpg 217w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/excharnge_rates_regime_cover.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Exchange Rate Regimes in the COMESA Region: Implications for Macroeconomic and External Stability</span></h4> <p class="">This report analyzes the performance of various exchange rate regimes in force in the region in the context of the stability of the currency and ultimately price stability—the key primary objective of any one exchange rate regime.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Exchange-Rate-Regimes-in-the-COMESA-Region-Implications-for-Macroeconomic-and-External-Stability.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/The_role_of_interbanks-211x300.jpg" alt="" width="412" height="586" class="alignnone wp-image-93710" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/The_role_of_interbanks-211x300.jpg 211w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/The_role_of_interbanks.jpg 637w" sizes="(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Role of the Interbank Market in Inflation Targeting Regimes: Lessons for COMESA Central Banks </span></h4> <p class="">The interbank market exists to enable banks to address (insure against) unanticipated liquidity shocks to be able to honour their labilities as they fall due, but also invest in relatively illiquid assets with potentially higher returns and improve risk management within the banking system.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/The-Role-of-the-Interbank-Market-in-Inflation.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Special-Report-AI.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-87537" sizes="(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px" title="cropped-Special-Report-AI.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">AI and Big Data Implication for Central Banking in COMESA region</span></h4> <p class="">Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly, and it is promising to reshape human interactions in a very profound way. This repot explores how developments in AI are likely to impact Central Banking</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Special-Report-AI-and-Big-Data-Implication-for-Central-Banking-in-COMESA-region.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation-300x298.jpg" alt="" width="399" height="396" class="alignnone wp-image-87537" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation-300x298.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation-768x764.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation.jpg 871w" sizes="(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">OPERATIONAL ISSUES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFLATION TARGETING MONETARY POLICY FRAMEWORK </span></strong></h4> <p class="">The rapid penetration and subsequent adoption of FinTech or the “internet of things”, the accompanying preferences for electronic payments systems (digital wallet, micro-credit, mobile money and credit and saving services, and micro-insurance services using mobile phones) over cash coupled with structural shift in economic conditions of economies has revolutionized the financial ecosystem in developed and developing countries alike.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Inflation-Targeting-Monetary-Policy-framework-implementation-and-Operation30.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MONETARY-300x300.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-82178" width="376" height="376" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MONETARY-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MONETARY-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MONETARY-768x766.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MONETARY.jpg 906w" sizes="(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">MONETARY TIGHTENING CYCLE AND IT’S IMPLICATION ON THE ECONOMIES OF THE COMESA REGION</span></strong></h4> <p class="">The world economy is undergoing a period characterized by multiple overlapping global risks that are making policymaking and investment decisions very challenging.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Special-Report-Monetary-tightening-cycle-Implication-to-the-economies-of-the-COMESA-Region-final-002.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Screenshot_10-300x300.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-79510" width="377" height="377" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Screenshot_10-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Screenshot_10-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Screenshot_10-768x765.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">WHY LARGER DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN AID YET ONLY SMALL DETECTABLE GROWTH EFFECTS IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES</span></strong></h4> <p class="">Low Income Countries (LICs), since their respective independences, have hugely depended on foreign aid to plug their fiscal gaps.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/230316_Why-large-dependence-on-foreign-aid-yet-only-small-detectable-growth-effects.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-related-risks-300x294.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-78980" width="404" height="396" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-related-risks-300x294.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-related-risks-768x752.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/climate-related-risks.jpg 902w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">CLIMATE RELATED RISKS TO THE FINANCIAL SECTOR</span></strong></h4> <p class="">The objective of this paper is to present an introductory note on the risks that climate change pose to the financial industry.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Climate-Change-impact-on-the-Financial-Sector.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot_3-300x300.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-78351" width="381" height="381" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot_3-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot_3-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot_3-768x767.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot_3.jpg 899w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> REDUCING THE COST OF TRANSFER OF REMITTANCE REMAINS A CRITICAL POLICY ISSUE FOR AFRICA </span></strong></h4> <p class="">Remittances flows are a significant, stable, and resilient source of income to many households in Africa. Reducing the cost of sending money from the diaspora is therefore important in enhancing the role of remittances.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Special-Report-Reduction-of-Remittance-Costs-for-African-Diaspora.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NTB-COVER-285x300.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-74619" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NTB-COVER-285x300.jpg 285w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NTB-COVER.jpg 725w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px" width="358" height="377" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> TRACKING THE RESOLUTION OF NON-TARIFF BARRIERS IN COMESA THROUGH THE TRIPARTITE ONLINE NTBs MECHANISM </span></strong></h4> <p class="">The focus of this policy paper was to review the Online NTBs Mechanism and determine how it fared over 2004-2020…..</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Tracking-the-Resolution-of-NTBs-in-COMESA-through-the-Tripartite-Online-NTBs-Mechanism.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Osoro-cover..jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-70045" sizes="(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px" title="Osoro cover." /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> BOOST TO REGIONAL INTEGRATION AS TRIPARTITE FTA BECKONS</span></strong></h4> <p class="">COMESA-EAC-SADC poised to join the world of international trade as a Tripartite Free Trade area (TFTA).</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Boost-for-Regional-Integration-as-Tripartite-FTA-Beckons.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Netta-paper.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-70045" sizes="(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px" title="cropped-Netta-paper.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">FACILITATIVE ROLE OF CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION IN GLOBAL HEALTH CRISES </span></strong></h4> <p class="">COVID-19 has been the most devastating global health crisis of the 21st Century, with the administration of vaccines being one of Africa’s largest immunization drives to date.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Facilitative-Role-of-Customs-Administrations-in-Dealing-with-Global-Health-Crises.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fiscal-policy_cover-300x298.png" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-70045" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fiscal-policy_cover-300x298.png 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fiscal-policy_cover-150x150.png 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fiscal-policy_cover-768x762.png 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/fiscal-policy_cover.png 906w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px" width="364" height="362" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">FISCAL POLICY FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH</span></strong></h4> <p class="">In recent years, inequality has risen in many developing countries despite rapid economic growth in some of them.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/220909_FISCAL-POLICY-AND-INCLUSIVE-GROWTH-Final.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/climate-action-jpg-300x300.png" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-69225" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/climate-action-jpg-300x300.png 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/climate-action-jpg-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px" width="366" height="366" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Climate Action and Inclusive Growth</span></strong></h4> <p class="">The objective of this paper is to provide an introductory note on how to make climate change more inclusive and sustainable. The first part of the paper presents science of climate change.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/220908_Climate-Change-and-Inclusive-Growth.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><b> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-66532 alignnone" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx.jpg 1390w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx-300x288.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx-1024x982.jpg 1024w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx-768x737.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-pics.docx-1126x1080.jpg 1126w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px" width="429" height="411" /></b></h4> <h4 class=""><strong>The COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area is Ideal for Strengthening African Continental Integration</strong></h4> <p class="">This paper explores why the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area is Ideal for Strengthening African Continental Integration</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Tripartite-FTA-is-ideal-for-strengthening-AfCFTA.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Lucas-Policy-options.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-65088 size-full" sizes="(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px" title="cropped-Lucas-Policy-options.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><b>Policy Options for COMESA MS Amidst Multiple Shocks</b></h4> <p class="">This article examines the multiple shocks the world is currently experiencing and proposes several policy options for the COMESA region</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Policy-Options-for-COMESA-Amidst-Multiple-Shocks.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fintech-cover.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-65088 size-full" sizes="auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px" title="cropped-AfCTFA.jpg" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fintech-cover.jpg 902w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fintech-cover-300x288.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fintech-cover-768x737.jpg 768w" width="902" height="866" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><strong>The Role of Financial Technology (FINTECH) in Changing Financial Industry and Increasing Efficiency in the Economy</strong></h4> <p class="">This paper provides insights on how Fintech changed financial industry and made the wider economy efficient.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/The-Role-of-Financial-Technology.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-AfCTFA.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-63196" sizes="auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px" title="cropped-AfCTFA.jpg" width="367" height="367" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><strong>Keeping the AfCFTA on Track</strong></h4> <p class="">The AfCFTA is right on track notwithstanding disquiet on the pace of implementation</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Keeping-the-AfCFTA-on-Track.docx.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Read More</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/customs-graphic-300x300.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-63196" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/customs-graphic-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/customs-graphic-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/customs-graphic.jpg 751w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px" width="366" height="366" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><strong>Customs Digitalization and Deepening Intra-COMESA Trade</strong></h4> <p class="">This policy brief provides insights into how increasing the use of Information, Communication & Technology (ICT) by customs administrations could affect intra-COMESA Trade.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CUSTOMS-DIGITALIZATION-AND-DEEPENING-INTRA-COMESA-TRADE.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/cropped-cropped-cover-page-300x251.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-62578" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/cropped-cropped-cover-page-300x251.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/cropped-cropped-cover-page.jpg 558w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px" width="399" height="334" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><strong>Export Potentials of Intra-COMESA Trade: Reaping the Benefits of COMESA Integration</strong></h4> <p class="">The paper analyses the trade potential in COMESA, by indicating the products with the highest potential for export into the COMESA, the opportunities that exist to exploit the potential and factors hindering intra-regional trade in COMESA.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Intra-Comesa-Export-Trade-Potential-Final-Draft-27-10-2021._FINAL-.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Gender-data-pic-small.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-Gender-data-pic-small.jpg" width="366" height="317" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><strong>Gender</strong> <strong>Disaggregated Data for Small-Scale Cross</strong> <strong>Border Trade for Zambia</strong></h4> <p class="">The data is on five border posts along key corridors, to assist in piloting upgrades and trade facilitation measures that can be replicated elsewhere in the COMESA region and beyond.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Gender-dissagregated-cross-border-dissermination_brochure.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Brexit.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-Brexit.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Brexit and COMESA -What Next Post Brexit</h4> <p class="">The article explores the COMESA-UK ties after Brexit</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Brexit-and-COMESA-What-Next-Post-Brexit.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Why-COMESA-Trade-In-Services-Should-Be-Cushioned-From-The-Impacts-Of-Covid-19-Pandemic.jpg" alt="" title="Why-COMESA-Trade-In-Services-Should-Be-Cushioned-From-The-Impacts-Of-Covid-19-Pandemic" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Why COMESA Trade in Services Should be Cushioned From the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic</h4> <p class="">This article provides an anecdote of the role of services in reducing the effects and mitigation measures of the COVID-19 in the COMESA region</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Why-COMESA-Trade-In-Services-Should-Be-Cushioned-From-The-Impacts-Of-Covid-19-Pandemic-v2.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Zeidy.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="Zeidy" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Progress and Challenges of the COMESA Monetary Integration Program</h4> <p class="">This paper analyzes the progress that has being made in COMESA Monetary Integration programme and identify challenges that are faced and provides the generic roadmap for achieving monetary union</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Progress-and-Challenges-of-the-COMESA-Monetary-Integration-Program.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-acfta.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-acfta.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500"><a href="../wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AfCFTA-Stimulant-for-Intra-COMESA-Trade-24.2.21.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener" class="">AfCFTA: A Stimulant to Intra- COMESA Trade</a></h4> <p class=""><span style="font-style: italic;">February 26, 2021</span>: This paper explores how the AfCFTA will resolve some of the challenges associated with multiple and overlapping membership in COMESA</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AfCFTA-Stimulant-for-Intra-COMESA-Trade-24.2.21.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/financial-incl.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="financial incl" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500" style="text-align: left;"><a href="../wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Financial-Inclusion-and-Covid-19-pandemic-1-1.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener" class="">Financial Inclusion</a> <a href="../wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Financial-Inclusion-and-Covid-19-pandemic-1-1.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener" class=""> and COVID-19 in COMESA Region</a></h4> <p class=""><span style="font-style: italic;">February 26, 2021</span>: This paper examines the financial inclusion landscape in COMESA region , and analyses how it has been affected or aided in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Financial-Inclusion-and-Covid-19-pandemic-1-1.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/capital-market.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="capital market" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Capital Market Solutions that Help Mobilise Financing for SMEs</h4> <p class=""><span style="font-style: italic;">February 19, 2021</span>: This paper presents capital market solutions that help mobilise financing for SMES, discusses preconditions and challenges for establishing them, and makes recommendations which will enable the sector to fully reap the benefits of a more diversified sources of funding.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Capital-Market-Solutions-that-help-mobilise-financing-for-SMEs.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/cropped-Report-Socio-economic-impacts-of-COVID-19-cover.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-Report-Socio-economic-impacts-of-COVID-19-cover.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Socio-Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from COMESA Region</h4> <p class="">This report presents insights into the COVID-19 impacts on key macroeconomic indicators, trade and trade related issues and aspects of social and organizational culture in COMESA Member States</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Report-Socio-economic-impacts-of-COVID-19-in-COMESA-FINAL-EDIT-09.12.20.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-PPPs.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-PPPs.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Potential Constraints for Public-Private- Partnership in Africa</h4> <p class="">The report presents the potential constraints for Public-Private- Partnership (PPPs) and makes recommendations which will contribute for the success of this model in Africa.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Prospects-of-Public-Private-Partnerships-in-Africa.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cropped-Implication-of-COVID-19-Pandemic-cropped.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" sizes="(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" title="cropped-Implication-of-COVID-19-Pandemic-cropped.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Implication of COVID-19 Pandemic on Debt for Sub-Saharan African Countries</h4> <p class="">The number of countries vulnerable to debt distress has increased significantly reflecting, among others, the effect of exogenous shocks and loose fiscal policies. This paper provides a debt situation analysis just before Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on debt for Sub Saharan Africa</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Implication-of-COVID-19-Pandemic-on-Debt-for-Sub-Saharan-African-Countries-USE.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-300x222.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-42525" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-300x222.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-1024x758.jpg 1024w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-768x569.jpg 768w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-1536x1137.jpg 1536w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-2048x1516.jpg 2048w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/special-cropped-cover-1459x1080.jpg 1459w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" width="316" height="234" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Fiscal Policy Responses Limit COVID 19’s Economic Damage</h4> <p class="">The objective of this paper is to take stock of fiscal policy measures that have been introduced to date in response to COVID-19 crisis and make recommendations on how governments can raise revenues once the economic and health crisis has passed.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fiscal-Policy-Responses-Limit-COVID-19-Economic-Damage.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Mitigate-300x298.jpg" alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-4532" srcset="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Mitigate-300x298.jpg 300w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Mitigate-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Mitigate.jpg 751w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px" width="392" height="389" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">How COMESA Can Mitigate Negative Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on Trade</h4> <p class="">This article provides an exposition of potential trade effects and mitigation measures of the COVID-19 in COMESA. The COMESA Free Trade Area (FTA), which was launched in 2000 has experienced a tremendous growth as evidenced by..</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/How-COMESA-can-Mitigate-Negative-Effects-of-COVID-19-on-Trade.-1.pdf" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/cropped-Unconventional-Monetary-Policy-Tools-Deployed-To-Address-The-Socioeconomic-Impact-Of-COVID-19.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-Unconventional-Monetary-Policy-Tools-Deployed-To-Address-The-Socioeconomic-Impact-Of-COVID-19.jpg" width="297" height="287" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICY TOOLS DEPLOYED TO ADDRESS THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19</h4> <p class="">The objective of this paper is to present the Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools (UMPTs) introduced by developed, emerging and African countries after the aftermath of COVID-19 and recommendations</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Unconventional-Monetary-Policy-Tools-Deployed-To-Address-The-Socioeconomic-Impact-Of-COVID-19.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-Economic-impact.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-Economic-impact.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Economic Impact of Covid-19 on Micro,Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Africa and Policy Options for Mitigation</h4> <p class="">Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role for economic development of African countries.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-MSMEs-in-Africa.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-sp-1.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-sp-1.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">The Role of Trade Finance in Promoting Trade:The Implications of COVID 19 on Trade Finance in Africa</h4> <p class="">The objective of this paper is to examine the role of trade finance for promoting trade in Africa.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-Role-of-Trade-Finance-in-Promoting-Trade-and-the-Implications-of-Covid-192.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-ict.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-ict.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Adoption of ICT is Critical in Post Covid-19 Trade Facilitation Programmes in COMESA</h4> <p class="">The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The pandemic is now a global public health crisis and has infected people in almost every country</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Adoption-of-ICT-is-Critical-in-Post-Covid-19-Trade-Facilitation-Programmes-in-COMESA-Region.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Global.jpg" alt="" title="Global" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Global Value Chain as a Vehicle for Development in Africa</h4> <p class="">Implication of COVID 19 in the Future of Global Value Chain This paper presents the prospects of the value chain for Africa’s development and the implication of Covid-19 in the future of global value chain…</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Value-Chain-as-a-Vehicle-for-Development-in-Africa.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/MAcrod.jpg" alt="" title="MAcrod" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID 19 in Sub-Saharan- Africa.</h4> <p class="">This paper assesses the macroeconomic impacts of COVID 19 in Sub Saharan Africa and provides recommendations to face the pandemic crisis in the continent</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Macroeconomic-Impacts-of-COVID-19-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.-3.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Climate.jpg" alt="" title="Climate" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Climate-Resilient Green Economy Implementation and Best Practices on Climate Action in Ethiopia</h4> <p class="">The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia initiated the Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) initiative in 2011 to protect the country from the…</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Climate-Resilient-Economy-Ethiopia-Report-1.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cropped-post.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-post.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Diaspora Remittances Critical for COVID-19 Recovery</h4> <p class="">This article espouses the contribution of diaspora remittances to the regional economies and the critical role these resources will play in the post COVID -19 recovery. However, regional countries have to undertake reforms to secure these…</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diaspora-Remittances-Critical-for-Covid-19-Recovery.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom"> <img decoding="async" class="face" src="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cropped-health.jpg" alt="" title="cropped-health.jpg" /> <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container"> <h4 class="font-500">Potential Impact of COVID-19 in the COMESA Health Sector</h4> <p class="">This paper seeks to analyses the possible impact of COVID-19 on the health sector in the COMESA region. The brief utilizes the four WHO pillars of health delivery which include, service delivery, health workforce, access to essential equipment and medication and adequate resources.</p> <a class="read-more" href="https://www.comesa.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/COVID-19-Potential-Impact-on-the-Health-Sector_final.pdf" target="_self" data-cp-link="1" rel="noopener noreferrer">Download</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4 space-bottom">   <div data-type="column" class="col-padding-small col-padding-small-xs description-container">   </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><p class="wpml-ls-statics-post_translations wpml-ls">This post is also available in: <span class="wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-ar wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations"><a href="https://www.comesa.int/special-reports/?lang=ar" class="wpml-ls-link"><span class="wpml-ls-native" lang="ar">العربية</span><span class="wpml-ls-display"><span class="wpml-ls-bracket"> (</span>Arabic<span class="wpml-ls-bracket">)</span></span></a></span> <span class="wpml-ls-slot-post_translations wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-fr wpml-ls-last-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-post-translations"><a href="https://www.comesa.int/special-reports/?lang=fr" class="wpml-ls-link"><span class="wpml-ls-native" lang="fr">Français</span><span class="wpml-ls-display"><span class="wpml-ls-bracket"> (</span>French<span class="wpml-ls-bracket">)</span></span></a></span></p> </div> </div> <div class='footer footer-simple'> <div class='footer-content center-xs' style=''> <div class="gridContainer"> <div class="row middle-xs footer-content-row"> <div class="footer-content-col col-xs-12"> <p class="copyright" data-type="group" >Copyright © 2025 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Secretariat. 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