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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="معجم التخاطب لماير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معجم التخاطب لماير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="فرهنگ‌نامه مایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ‌نامه مایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Lexikon" title="Meyers Lexikon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Meyers Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majerso_konversacinis_leksikonas" title="Majerso konversacinis leksikonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Majerso konversacinis leksikonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers" title="Meyers – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meyers" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Энциклопедический словарь Мейера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедический словарь Мейера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E8%80%B6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="迈耶百科词典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈耶百科词典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1138512#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:BorgQueen" class="mw-userlink" title="User:BorgQueen" data-mw-revid="1245625769"><bdi>BorgQueen</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:BorgQueen" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:BorgQueen">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/BorgQueen" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/BorgQueen">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" title="Wikipedia:Autopatrolled">Autopatrolled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>106,845</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#External_links">→<bdi dir="ltr">External links</bdi></a>: </span> inline fmt</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(29 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Short description|German<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> language</del> encyclopedia <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">published under several titles, from </del>1839 to 1984<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, when it merged with Brockhaus</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Short description|German encyclopedia <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>1839 to 1984<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{refimprove|date=August 2022}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DISPLAYTITLE:''{{lang|de</del>|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nocat</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">y}}''</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Expand German</ins>|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">date</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">December 2020</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Unreferenced|date=February 2016}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Infobox book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_7_1_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_6_0_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File:</del>Meyers Konversationslexikons logo.svg<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|right]]</del></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| name = {{Lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_6_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_7_1_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| image = </ins>Meyers Konversationslexikons logo.svg</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| image_size = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| border = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| caption = Meyers Lexikon</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| alt = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| author = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| title_orig = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| orig_lang_code = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| title_working = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| translator = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| illustrator = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| cover_artist = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| country = Germany</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| language = German</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| series = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| subject = General</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| genre = Encyclopedia</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| publisher = [[Bibliographisches Institut]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| publisher2 = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| pub_date = 1839–1984</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| release_date = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| media_type = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| pages = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| awards = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| isbn = 9781146317030</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| oclc = 848096109</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| dewey = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| congress = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| wikisource = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| website = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| followed_by = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_10_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_7_33_rhs"></a>'''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}''' or '''{{lang|de|Meyers Lexikon}}''' was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the {{lang|de|[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]}}.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_11_1_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_9_0_rhs"></a>[[Joseph Meyer (publisher)|Joseph Meyer]] (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house {{lang|de|[[Bibliographisches Institut]]}} in 1826, intended to issue a universal encyclopaedia meant for a broad public: people having a general knowledge as well as businessmen, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[technician]]s</ins> and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[scholar]]s</ins>, considering contemporary works like those of {{lang|de|[[Heinrich August Pierer|Pierer]]}} and {{lang|de|[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus|Brockhaus]]}} to be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Superficiality|</ins>superficial<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins> or <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Obsolescence|</ins>obsolete<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_7_33_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_10_0_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>'''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>''' or <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>'''{{lang|de|Meyers Lexikon}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>''' was a major <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> [[</del>encyclopedia<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del> in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>German language<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del> that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>{{lang|de|[[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_9_0_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_11_1_lhs"></a>[[Joseph Meyer (publisher)|Joseph Meyer]] (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house {{lang|de|[[Bibliographisches Institut]]}} in 1826, intended to issue a universal encyclopaedia meant for a broad public: people having a general knowledge as well as businessmen, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">technicians</del> and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">scholars</del>, considering contemporary works like those of {{lang|de|[[Heinrich August Pierer|Pierer]]}} and {{lang|de|[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus|Brockhaus]]}} to be superficial or obsolete.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==First edition==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==First edition==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:2020 11 04 004 Meyers Konversations Lexikon.jpg|thumb|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">200px</del>|Volumes of the 4th <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Edition</del> (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1885-1890</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del>]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[File:2020 11 04 004 Meyers Konversations Lexikon.jpg|thumb|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">400px</ins>|Volumes of the 4th <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">edition</ins> (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1885–1890</ins>)]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The first part of ''{{lang|de|Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände}}'' ("Great encyclopaedia for the educated classes") appeared in October 1839. In contrast to its contemporaries, it contained maps and illustrations with the text.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The first part of ''{{lang|de|Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände}}'' ("Great encyclopaedia for the educated classes") appeared in October 1839. In contrast to its contemporaries, it contained maps and illustrations with the text.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>There is no indication of the planned number of volumes or a time limit for this project, but little headway had been made by the otherwise dynamic {{lang|de|Meyer}}. After six years, 14 volumes had appeared, covering only one fifth of the alphabet. Another six years passed before the last (46th) volume was published. Six supplementary volumes finally finished the work in 1855. Ultimately numbering 52 volumes, ''{{lang|de|Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände}}'' was the most comprehensive completed German encyclopedia of the 19th century, also called ''"{{lang|de|der Wunder-Meyer}}"'' (The marvellous Meyer). The complete set was reprinted 1858–59.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>There is no indication of the planned number of volumes or a time limit for this project, but little headway had been made by the otherwise dynamic {{lang|de|Meyer}}. After six years, 14 volumes had appeared, covering only one fifth of the alphabet. Another six years passed before the last (46th) volume was published. Six supplementary volumes finally finished the work in 1855. Ultimately numbering 52 volumes, ''{{lang|de|Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände}}'' was the most comprehensive completed German encyclopedia of the 19th century, also called ''"{{lang|de|der Wunder-Meyer}}"'' (The marvellous Meyer). The complete set was reprinted 1858–59.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite web|title=Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1. Auflage (1857-1860/1861)|periodical=Lexikon und Enzyklopädie.de|publisher=|url=http://www.lexikon-und-enzyklopaedie.de/Meyers-Konversations-Lexikon-1-Auflage/|url-status=|format=|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Later editions==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Later editions==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The son of {{lang|de|Joseph Meyer}}, {{lang|de|Hermann Julius}} (1826–1909), published the next edition (which is officially the first), entitled <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>{{lang|de|Neues Conversations-Lexikon für alle Stände}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>, 1857–60, that would only count 15 volumes. To avoid a long-time project, subscribers were promised it would be completed within three years, and all volumes appearing later would be given free. Of course, it was finished right on time.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The son of {{lang|de|Joseph Meyer}}, {{lang|de|Hermann Julius}} (1826–1909), published the next edition (which is officially the first), entitled {{lang|de|Neues Conversations-Lexikon für alle Stände}}, 1857–60, that would only count 15 volumes. To avoid a long-time project, subscribers were promised it would be completed within three years, and all volumes appearing later would be given free. Of course, it was finished right on time.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Karte Warschau MKL1888.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of [[Warsaw]], from the 4th edition (1888)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del>]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Karte Warschau MKL1888.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of [[Warsaw]], from the 4th edition (1888)]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Meyers map.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ethnographic map of the world, from the 4th edition<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del>]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Meyers map.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ethnographic map of the world, from the 4th edition]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The 2nd edition, ''{{lang|de|Neues Konversations-Lexikon, ein Wörterbuch des allgemeinen Wissens}}'', appeared 1861–67; the 3rd edition, now from [[Leipzig]], was issued as ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens}}'' 1874–78; both had 15 volumes.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The 2nd edition, ''{{lang|de|Neues Konversations-Lexikon, ein Wörterbuch des allgemeinen Wissens}}'', appeared 1861–67; the 3rd edition, now from [[Leipzig]], was issued as ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens}}'' 1874–78; both had 15 volumes.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The 4th edition, consisting of 16 volumes, appeared in 1885–90, with 2 supplements of update pages, volume 17 (1891) and volume 18 (1892). The 5th edition had 17 volumes, ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens}}'', 1893 to 1897. This edition sold no less than 233,000 sets.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The 4th edition, consisting of 16 volumes, appeared in 1885–90, with 2 supplements of update pages, volume 17 (1891) and volume 18 (1892). The 5th edition had 17 volumes, ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens}}'', 1893 to 1897. This edition sold no less than 233,000 sets.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The 6th edition, entitled ''{{lang|de|Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon}}'', was published 1902–08. It had 20 volumes, and the largest sale of all <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>{{lang|de|Meyer}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del> editions, with 240,000 sets. The [[First World War]] prevented an even bigger success. There was also the small 1908 edition, ''{{lang|de|Meyers Kleines Konversations-Lexikon}}''.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The 6th edition, entitled ''{{lang|de|Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon}}'', was published 1902–08. It had 20 volumes, and the largest sale of all {{lang|de|Meyer}} editions, with 240,000 sets. The [[First World War]] prevented an even bigger success. There was also the small 1908 edition, ''{{lang|de|Meyers Kleines Konversations-Lexikon}}''.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The 6th edition of the encyclopedia, and all previous editions, are in the [[public domain]] in Germany, the United States, and all countries where the copyright term of anonymous or pseudonymous works is 100 years or fewer since publication.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===World Wars and destruction===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===World Wars and destruction===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The 7th and 8th editions were both briefly named ''{{lang|de|Meyers Lexikon}}''. The 7th edition counted only 12 volumes, due to the [[hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic|economic depression]] of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">twenties</del>. It appeared in 1924–30. It came with a condensed single-volume version known as the ''{{lang|de|[[Meyers Blitz-Lexikon|Blitz-Lexikon]]}}''.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The 7th and 8th editions were both briefly named ''{{lang|de|Meyers Lexikon}}''. The 7th edition counted only 12 volumes, due to the [[hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic|economic depression]] of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1920s</ins>. It appeared in 1924–30. It came with a condensed single-volume version known as the ''{{lang|de|[[Meyers Blitz-Lexikon|Blitz-Lexikon]]}}''.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The 8th edition (1936–42) remained incomplete due to wartime circumstances: out of 12 planned volumes only volumes number 1 through 9 plus the [[atlas]] volume number 12 could be issued. Due to its <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>brown<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del> binding in addition to the fact that it was filtered through the [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[censorship in Nazi Germany|censorship]] it has come to be known as ''{{lang|de|Der Braune Meyer}}'' ("The Brown Meyer"), as [[political colour#Brown|brown became the colour]] associated with the Nazis.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The 8th edition (1936–42) remained incomplete due to wartime circumstances: out of 12 planned volumes only volumes number 1 through 9 plus the [[atlas]] volume number 12 could be issued. Due to its brown binding in addition to the fact that it was filtered through the [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[censorship in Nazi Germany|censorship]] it has come to be known as ''{{lang|de|Der Braune Meyer}}'' ("The Brown Meyer"), as [[political colour#Brown|brown became the colour]] associated with the Nazis.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The buildings of the company were completely destroyed by the [[bombing of Leipzig in World War II|bombing raids on Leipzig]] in 1943–44 and the company itself [[expropriation|expropriated in 1946 without compensation]]. In 1953 the place of business was moved to [[Mannheim]] in [[West Germany]] ({{lang|de|Bibliographisches Institut [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]}}); a "{{lang|de|[[Volkseigener Betrieb|VEB]] Bibliographisches Institut}}" remained in Leipzig.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The buildings of the company were completely destroyed by the [[bombing of Leipzig in World War II|bombing raids on Leipzig]] in 1943–44 and the company itself [[expropriation|expropriated in 1946 without compensation]]. In 1953 the place of business was moved to [[Mannheim]] in [[West Germany]] ({{lang|de|Bibliographisches Institut [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]}}); a "{{lang|de|[[Volkseigener Betrieb|VEB]] Bibliographisches Institut}}" remained in Leipzig.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>===9th edition and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>{{lang|de|Neues Lexikon}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===9th edition and {{lang|de|Neues Lexikon}}===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The 9th edition, now from Mannheim, entitled ''{{lang|de|Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon in 25 Bänden}}'' (in 25 volumes), appeared in 1971–79. Just like the<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> very</del> first, this final {{lang|de|Mannheim}} edition was the most comprehensive German encyclopaedia of the century.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The 9th edition, now from Mannheim, entitled ''{{lang|de|Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon in 25 Bänden}}'' (in 25 volumes), appeared in 1971–79. Just like the first, this final {{lang|de|Mannheim}} edition was the most comprehensive German encyclopaedia of the century.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>From Leipzig (then in [[East Germany]]) came ''{{lang|de|Meyers Neues Lexikon}}'' (1961–64, 8 volumes; 2nd edition 1971–78, 18 volumes), embedded in the [[Marxist]] ideology.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>From Leipzig (then in [[East Germany]]) came ''{{lang|de|Meyers Neues Lexikon}}'' (1961–64, 8 volumes; 2nd edition 1971–78, 18 volumes), embedded in the [[Marxist]] ideology.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Merger with {{lang|de|Brockhaus}}==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Merger with {{lang|de|Brockhaus}}==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In 1984, the ''{{lang|de|Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim}}'' amalgamated with its biggest competitor in field of reference books ''{{lang|de|F.A. Brockhaus}}'' of [[Wiesbaden]], in a so-called ''"{{lang|de|Elefantenhochzeit}}"'' (wedding of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[elephant]]s</del>). Being aware that the new firm's program did not provide room for two similar works of this magnitude, it was decided that the big serial reference works coming from Mannheim would henceforth be marketed under the name of {{lang|de|Brockhaus}}.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In 1984, the ''{{lang|de|Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim}}'' amalgamated with its biggest competitor in field of reference books ''{{lang|de|F.A. Brockhaus}}'' of [[Wiesbaden]], in a so-called ''"{{lang|de|Elefantenhochzeit}}"'' (wedding of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">elephants</ins>). Being aware that the new firm's program did not provide room for two similar works of this magnitude, it was decided that the big serial reference works coming from Mannheim would henceforth be marketed under the name of {{lang|de|Brockhaus}}.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==See also==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==See also==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[List of<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> online</del> encyclopedias]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[List of encyclopedias<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> by branch of knowledge</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==References==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==External links==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==External links==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Wikisourcelang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|nocat=y}}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Wikisourcelang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|nocat=y}}}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Commons category|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* </ins>{{Commons category<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-inline</ins>|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[Wikimedia Commons]] has 16 books of the 4th edition, as 16,700+ images (German text <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">+</del> illustrations):</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[Wikimedia Commons]] has 16 books of the 4th edition, as 16,700+ images (German text<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with</ins> illustrations):</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>** Gallery: [[Commons:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|Commons:{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|nocat=y}}]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>** Gallery: [[Commons:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|Commons:{{lang|de|Meyers Konversations-Lexikon|nocat=y}}]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>** Book 1: &nbsp; [[Commons:File:Meyers b1 s0001.jpg]], etc.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>** Book 1: &nbsp; [[Commons:File:Meyers b1 s0001.jpg]], etc.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>** Book 2: &nbsp; [[Commons:File:Meyers b2 s0001.jpg]], etc.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>** Book 2: &nbsp; [[Commons:File:Meyers b2 s0001.jpg]], etc.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>** Book 16: [[Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0001.jpg]], [[Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0002.jpg]], etc.<br/> (each book has around 1020 pages. Book 5<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>page 967 is [[Commons:File:Meyers b5 s0967.jpg|... b5 s0967.jpg]].)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>** Book 16: [[Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0001.jpg]], [[Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0002.jpg]], etc.<br/> (each book has around 1020 pages. Book 5<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</ins>page 967 is [[Commons:File:Meyers b5 s0967.jpg|... b5 s0967.jpg]].)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>** Illustrations only: [[Commons:Category:Images from Meyers Konversationslexikon|Commons:Category:Images from {{lang|de|Meyers Konversationslexikon|nocat=y}}]].</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>** Illustrations only: [[Commons:Category:Images from Meyers Konversationslexikon|Commons:Category:Images from {{lang|de|Meyers Konversationslexikon|nocat=y}}]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Meyers Konversations-Lexikon}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 56:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 93:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/stoebern.html?werkid=100149 ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversationslexikon|nocat=y}}'', 4th ed., 1885–92 online]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/stoebern.html?werkid=100149 ''{{lang|de|Meyers Konversationslexikon|nocat=y}}'', 4th ed., 1885–92 online]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* Hathi Trust</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* Hathi Trust</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>** {{cite book |title=Grosse Conversations-Lexicon für die gebildeten Stände |year=1840–1852 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011545034 |language=German }}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>** {{cite book |title=Grosse Conversations-Lexicon für die gebildeten Stände |year=1840–1852<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |publisher=Druck und Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts</ins> |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011545034 |language=German }}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>** {{cite book |title=Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon |year=1908–1909 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008919703 |edition=6th |language=German }}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>** {{cite book |title=Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon |year=1908–1909<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut</ins> |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008919703 |edition=6th |language=German }}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Authority control}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:German encyclopedias]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:German encyclopedias]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:German-language encyclopedias]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:German-language encyclopedias]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:1839 establishments in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Germany</del>]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:1839 establishments in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the German Confederation</ins>]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:19th-century encyclopedias]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:19th-century encyclopedias]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:20th-century encyclopedias]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:20th-century encyclopedias]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 03:21, 14 September 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German encyclopedia (1839 to 1984)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</i></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EMeyers+Konversations-Lexikon%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%5B%5BCategory%3AArticles+containing+German-language+text%5D%5D&rft.date=1839%E2%80%931984&rft.pub=%5B%5BBibliographisches+Institut%5D%5D&rft.place=Germany&rft_id=info:oclcnum/848096109"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg/220px-Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg/330px-Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg/440px-Meyers_Konversationslexikons_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="120" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Meyers Lexikon</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">General</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Encyclopedia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bibliographisches_Institut" title="Bibliographisches Institut">Bibliographisches Institut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1839–1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781146317030" title="Special:BookSources/9781146317030">9781146317030</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/848096109">848096109</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</i></span></b> or <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Lexikon</i></span></b> was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a></i></span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Meyer_(publisher)" title="Joseph Meyer (publisher)">Joseph Meyer</a> (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bibliographisches_Institut" title="Bibliographisches Institut">Bibliographisches Institut</a></i></span> in 1826, intended to issue a universal encyclopaedia meant for a broad public: people having a general knowledge as well as businessmen, <a href="/wiki/Technician" title="Technician">technicians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholars</a>, considering contemporary works like those of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_August_Pierer" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich August Pierer">Pierer</a></i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Arnold_Brockhaus" title="Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus">Brockhaus</a></i></span> to be <a href="/wiki/Superficiality" title="Superficiality">superficial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Obsolescence" title="Obsolescence">obsolete</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_edition">First edition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First edition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg/400px-2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg/600px-2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg/800px-2020_11_04_004_Meyers_Konversations_Lexikon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4204" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>Volumes of the 4th edition (1885–1890)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first part of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände</i></span></i> ("Great encyclopaedia for the educated classes") appeared in October 1839. In contrast to its contemporaries, it contained maps and illustrations with the text. </p><p>There is no indication of the planned number of volumes or a time limit for this project, but little headway had been made by the otherwise dynamic <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyer</i></span>. After six years, 14 volumes had appeared, covering only one fifth of the alphabet. Another six years passed before the last (46th) volume was published. Six supplementary volumes finally finished the work in 1855. Ultimately numbering 52 volumes, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Grosse Conversations-Lexikon für die gebildeten Stände</i></span></i> was the most comprehensive completed German encyclopedia of the 19th century, also called <i>"<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">der Wunder-Meyer</i></span>"</i> (The marvellous Meyer). The complete set was reprinted 1858–59.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_editions">Later editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Joseph Meyer</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hermann Julius</i></span> (1826–1909), published the next edition (which is officially the first), entitled <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neues Conversations-Lexikon für alle Stände</i></span>, 1857–60, that would only count 15 volumes. To avoid a long-time project, subscribers were promised it would be completed within three years, and all volumes appearing later would be given free. Of course, it was finished right on time. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png/250px-Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png/375px-Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png/500px-Karte_Warschau_MKL1888.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, from the 4th edition (1888)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meyers_map.jpg/250px-Meyers_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meyers_map.jpg/375px-Meyers_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meyers_map.jpg/500px-Meyers_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption>Ethnographic map of the world, from the 4th edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2nd edition, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neues Konversations-Lexikon, ein Wörterbuch des allgemeinen Wissens</i></span></i>, appeared 1861–67; the 3rd edition, now from <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, was issued as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens</i></span></i> 1874–78; both had 15 volumes. </p><p>The 4th edition, consisting of 16 volumes, appeared in 1885–90, with 2 supplements of update pages, volume 17 (1891) and volume 18 (1892). The 5th edition had 17 volumes, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. Ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens</i></span></i>, 1893 to 1897. This edition sold no less than 233,000 sets. </p><p>The 6th edition, entitled <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon</i></span></i>, was published 1902–08. It had 20 volumes, and the largest sale of all <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyer</i></span> editions, with 240,000 sets. The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> prevented an even bigger success. There was also the small 1908 edition, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Kleines Konversations-Lexikon</i></span></i>. </p><p>The 6th edition of the encyclopedia, and all previous editions, are in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in Germany, the United States, and all countries where the copyright term of anonymous or pseudonymous works is 100 years or fewer since publication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars_and_destruction">World Wars and destruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World Wars and destruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 7th and 8th editions were both briefly named <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Lexikon</i></span></i>. The 7th edition counted only 12 volumes, due to the <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Weimar_Republic" title="Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic">economic depression</a> of the 1920s. It appeared in 1924–30. It came with a condensed single-volume version known as the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Meyers_Blitz-Lexikon" title="Meyers Blitz-Lexikon">Blitz-Lexikon</a></i></span></i>. </p><p>The 8th edition (1936–42) remained incomplete due to wartime circumstances: out of 12 planned volumes only volumes number 1 through 9 plus the <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a> volume number 12 could be issued. Due to its brown binding in addition to the fact that it was filtered through the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Censorship in Nazi Germany">censorship</a> it has come to be known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Braune Meyer</i></span></i> ("The Brown Meyer"), as <a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Brown" title="Political colour">brown became the colour</a> associated with the Nazis. </p><p>The buildings of the company were completely destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Leipzig_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Leipzig in World War II">bombing raids on Leipzig</a> in 1943–44 and the company itself <a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">expropriated in 1946 without compensation</a>. In 1953 the place of business was moved to <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bibliographisches Institut <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</a></i></span>); a "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkseigener_Betrieb" title="Volkseigener Betrieb">VEB</a> Bibliographisches Institut</i></span>" remained in Leipzig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9th_edition_and_Neues_Lexikon">9th edition and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neues Lexikon</i></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 9th edition and Neues Lexikon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 9th edition, now from Mannheim, entitled <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon in 25 Bänden</i></span></i> (in 25 volumes), appeared in 1971–79. Just like the first, this final <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mannheim</i></span> edition was the most comprehensive German encyclopaedia of the century. </p><p>From Leipzig (then in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>) came <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Neues Lexikon</i></span></i> (1961–64, 8 volumes; 2nd edition 1971–78, 18 volumes), embedded in the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> ideology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merger_with_Brockhaus">Merger with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brockhaus</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Merger with Brockhaus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim</i></span></i> amalgamated with its biggest competitor in field of reference books <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">F.A. Brockhaus</i></span></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, in a so-called <i>"<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Elefantenhochzeit</i></span>"</i> (wedding of elephants). Being aware that the new firm's program did not provide room for two similar works of this magnitude, it was decided that the big serial reference works coming from Mannheim would henceforth be marketed under the name of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brockhaus</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_encyclopedias_by_branch_of_knowledge" title="List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge">List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexikon-und-enzyklopaedie.de/Meyers-Konversations-Lexikon-1-Auflage/">"Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1. Auflage (1857-1860/1861)"</a>. <i>Lexikon und Enzyklopädie.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexikon+und+Enzyklop%C3%A4die.de&rft.atitle=Meyers+Konversations-Lexikon+1.+Auflage+%281857-1860%2F1861%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexikon-und-enzyklopaedie.de%2FMeyers-Konversations-Lexikon-1-Auflage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeyers+Konversations-Lexikon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has 16 books of the 4th edition, as 16,700+ images (German text, with illustrations): <ul><li>Gallery: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" class="extiw" title="commons:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon">Commons:<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</i></span></a></li> <li>Book 1:   <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b1_s0001.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Meyers b1 s0001.jpg">Commons:File:Meyers b1 s0001.jpg</a>, etc.</li> <li>Book 2:   <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b2_s0001.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Meyers b2 s0001.jpg">Commons:File:Meyers b2 s0001.jpg</a>, etc.</li> <li>Book 16: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b16_s0001.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Meyers b16 s0001.jpg">Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0001.jpg</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b16_s0002.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Meyers b16 s0002.jpg">Commons:File:Meyers b16 s0002.jpg</a>, etc.<br /> (each book has around 1020 pages. Book 5-page 967 is <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b5_s0967.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Meyers b5 s0967.jpg">... b5 s0967.jpg</a>.)</li> <li>Illustrations only: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_from_Meyers_Konversationslexikon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images from Meyers Konversationslexikon">Commons:Category:Images from <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversationslexikon</i></span></a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Konversations-Lexikon%2C%20Meyers%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Meyers%20Konversations-Lexikon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Konversations-Lexikon%2C%20Meyers%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meyers%20Konversations-Lexikon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Konversations-Lexikon%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Meyers%20Konversations-Lexikon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Konversations-Lexikon%2C%20Meyers%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Meyers%20Konversations-Lexikon%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1316">Works by Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bifab.de">Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG</a></i></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/stoebern.html?werkid=100149"><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Meyers Konversationslexikon</i></span></i>, 4th ed., 1885–92 online</a></li> <li>Hathi Trust <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011545034"><i>Grosse Conversations-Lexicon für die gebildeten Stände</i></a> (in German). Druck und Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts. 1840–1852.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grosse+Conversations-Lexicon+f%C3%BCr+die+gebildeten+St%C3%A4nde&rft.pub=Druck+und+Verlag+des+Bibliographischen+Instituts&rft.date=1840%2F1852&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F011545034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeyers+Konversations-Lexikon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008919703"><i>Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon</i></a> (in German) (6th ed.). Bibliographisches Institut. 1908–1909.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meyers+Grosses+Konversations-Lexikon&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Bibliographisches+Institut&rft.date=1908%2F1909&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F008919703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeyers+Konversations-Lexikon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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