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Trasianka — Wikipédia

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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Étymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Étymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Littérature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Littérature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Littérature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Notes et références</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trasianka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 22 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трасянка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трасянка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Трасянка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trassjanka" title="Trassjanka – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trassjanka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Trasianka" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="تراسیانکا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراسیانکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traszjanka" title="Traszjanka – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Traszjanka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Trasianka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trasianka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трасянка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasjanka" title="Trasjanka – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trasjanka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасјанка – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трасјанка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trasianka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трасянка – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трасянка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="俄白語 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄白語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q898799#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion:Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu (page inexistante) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trasianka"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trasianka"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Trasianka" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Trasianka" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;oldid=219414636" title="Adresse permanente de 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class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%28%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Panneau en langue trasianka</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>trasianka</b> (biélorusse&#160;: <span class="lang-be" lang="be">трасянка</span>) est une forme de dialecte mélangeant le <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorusse" title="Biélorusse">biélorusse</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a>. Il est répandu en <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie">Biélorussie</a> et dans les régions frontalières du pays. Il est principalement parlé dans les campagnes. </p><p>Il peut être comparé au <a href="/wiki/Sourjyk" title="Sourjyk">sourjyk</a>, qui est un mélange d'<a href="/wiki/Ukrainien" title="Ukrainien">ukrainien</a> et de russe, ou bien à divers créoles. </p><p>Il est le produit de siècles de <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">russification</a>, commencée au temps de l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_russe" title="Empire russe">Empire russe</a> et poursuivie par le régime actuel d'<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Loukachenko" title="Alexandre Loukachenko">Alexandre Loukachenko</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Même si le phénomène de mélange des deux langues était connu depuis longtemps, le terme trasianka ne s'est imposé qu'au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle. Il est maintenant largement utilisé pour décrire ce «&#160;dialecte&#160;». </p><p>Selon un article du magazine «&#160;Kroug&#160;» du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-04-04" data-sort-value="1996-04-04">4 avril 1996</time>&#160;: «&#160;Le terme trasianka vient du nom de la nourriture pour le gros bétail à cornes, c'est-à-dire les vaches. Quand le fermier n'a pas assez de bon foin, il rajoute de la paille, la mélangeant (растрасаць - rastrasats&#160;: mélanger en éparpillant) minutieusement. La vache ne remarque pas la supercherie et mange le mélange (trasianka). Il est vrai que cela ne donne pas plus de lait. C'est comme les Biélorusses&#160;: ils ne remarquent pas leur horrible trasianka ni à la maison, ni dans l'autobus, ni au Soviet Suprême (Parlement).&#160;» </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le trasianka est le résultat de siècles de présence russe et soviétique sur le territoire biélorusse. La proximité des deux langues ainsi que les politiques linguistiques ont joué un rôle important dans la création de ce dialecte. Le trasianka est né des rapports entre la population autochtone d'un côté et l'administration tsariste ainsi que la nouvelle classe dirigeante russe de l'autre. </p><p>Selon le linguiste Genadz Tsyhoun, les <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Purges" title="Grandes Purges">répressions staliniennes</a> des années 1920-1930 dirigées contre les prétendus nationalistes déviants ont créé une atmosphère de terreur et mené au passage du biélorusse au russe des biélorussophones des centres urbains et villes de province. La migration des Biélorusses des villages vers les villes a encouragé ce phénomène. Cependant, la trasianka ne s'est pas imposée comme langue de communication, car elle était vue comme «&#160;inculte&#160;» et le russe est devenu dominant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisation">Utilisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aujourd'hui, la plupart des habitants de Biélorussie parlent le russe classique et la trasianka est reléguée aux villages, ou bien plutôt parlée par des gens plus âgés avec un faible niveau d'éducation. Le biélorusse est considéré par la majorité des habitants comme étant leur langue maternelle, mais il est plus rarement utilisé dans les foyers et encore moins comme langue de communication<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une partie de l'<a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a>, de l'opposition et de groupes nationalistes ont contribué à garder la langue biélorusse vivante et sa présence dans le monde politique et culturel est importante. </p><p>La trasianka est aujourd'hui redécouverte et utilisée par certains chanteurs et écrivains. Souvent, la trasianka donne un caractère populaire et humoristique au texte. Elle illustre bien l'opinion de l'homme de la rue, par exemple, dans les caricatures du journal BelGazeta. Elle se prête bien aussi aux projets satiriques comme «&#160;Sasha et Sirioja&#160;», dans lequel les deux personnages commentent l'actualité en chanson. </p><p>Selon le chanteur et musicien biélorussophone Liavon Volski (des groupes N.R.M. et «&#160;Krambambulia&#160;»)&#160;: «&#160;Il arrive de passer à la trasianka quand il faut souligner l'ironie du moment. Et dans les œuvres, quand il faut souligner l'ironie d'un personnage&#160;: son étroitesse d'esprit, sa stupidité, ou bien des choses tout simplement rigolotes. La trasianka est entrée dans ma vie à long terme. Et avant ça, seulement quelques mots&#160;: «&#160;padhadziachtche&#160;» (venez par ici) ou «&#160;vabchtche&#160;» (en général)...&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-Svaboda_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svaboda-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un autre rockeur, Siarheï Mihalok (du groupe <a href="/wiki/Lyapis_Trubetskoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyapis Trubetskoy">Liapis Trubiatskoï</a> et du projet «&#160;Sasha i Sirioja&#160;»)&#160;: «&#160;Je ne maîtrise pas le biélorusse à un niveau suffisant pour ironiser. C'est mon folklore, la langue des rues. Je connais la substance de la vie. Je me suis débauché, j'ai été à des pique-niques, j'ai fait le punk, je suis allé de ville en ville. Même les criminels parlent en trasianka. Mes amis parlent en trasianka - Hatson (Sasha de «&#160;Sasha i Sirioja&#160;»), des poètes, des artistes, des gens du théâtre. La trasianka me paraissait plus facile que le biélorusse.&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-Svaboda_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svaboda-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statut_linguistique">Statut linguistique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Statut linguistique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Statut linguistique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En raison de la connotation négative du mot «&#160;trasianka&#160;», il a été suggéré de l'abandonner dans le débat linguistique et d'utiliser plutôt le terme «&#160;discours mixte biélorusse-russe&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La discussion scientifique sur ce mélange linguistique a commencé dans la première moitié des années 1990<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des érudits biélorusses influents ont souligné la manière spontanée, individuelle, «&#160;au coup par coup&#160;» ou même «&#160;chaotique&#160;» de mélanger la parole entre les deux langues locales<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, ces débats «&#160;préliminaires&#160;» reposaient principalement sur des observations informelles, en raison de l’absence de corps de texte dans le discours mixte. Une première étude de cas empirique sur le phénomène n'a été entreprise qu'au début des années 2000 dans la capitale, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Littérature"><span id="Litt.C3.A9rature"></span>Littérature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Littérature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Littérature"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/Kalita_Ina.html">Калита И. В.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/usie_knihi.html?pubid=17324">Современная Беларусь: языки и национальная идентичность. Ústí nad Labem</a>, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-80-7414-324-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-80-7414-324-3"><span class="nowrap">978-80-7414-324-3</span></a>)</small>, 2010, 300 s. s. 112-190.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nn.by/?c=ar&amp;i=68773">Па-беларуску вучыцца толькі 0,9% студэнтаў ВНУ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svaboda-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Svaboda_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Svaboda_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/766067.html">Трасянка як нацыянальны брэнд і крыніца натхненьня</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2014"><cite class="italique">Trasjanka und Suržyk – gemischte weißrussisch-russische und ukrainisch-russische Rede</cite>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-09-10" data-sort-value="2014-09-10">10 septembre 2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05057-8">10.3726/978-3-653-05057-8</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05057-8">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Trasjanka+und+Sur%C5%BEyk+%E2%80%93+gemischte+wei%C3%9Frussisch-russische+und+ukrainisch-russische+Rede&amp;rft.date=2014-09-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3726%2F978-3-653-05057-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATrasianka"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><cite style="font-style:normal">«&#160;Die weißrussisch-russische Mischsprache (Trasjanka) als Forschungsproblem&#160;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">Trasjanka und Suržyk – gemischte weißrussisch-russische und ukrainisch-russische Rede</cite>, Peter Lang <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9783631585337" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9783631585337"><span class="nowrap">9783631585337</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05057-8/13">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Trasjanka+und+Sur%C5%BEyk+%E2%80%93+gemischte+wei%C3%9Frussisch-russische+und+ukrainisch-russische+Rede&amp;rft.atitle=Die+wei%C3%9Frussisch-russische+Mischsprache+%28Trasjanka%29+als+Forschungsproblem&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft.isbn=9783631585337&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATrasianka"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="МЕЧКОВСКАЯ1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="НИНА_БОРИСОВНА_МЕЧКОВСКАЯ1994">НИНА БОРИСОВНА <span class="nom_auteur">МЕЧКОВСКАЯ</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">ЯЗЫКОВАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ В БЕЛАРУСИ: ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ КОЛЛИЗИИ ЛВУ ЯЗЯчИЯ</cite>&#160;», <i>Russian Linguistics</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;18, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1994-11" data-sort-value="1994-11">novembre 1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">299–322</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0304-3487">0304-3487</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1572-8714">1572-8714</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01650150">10.1007/bf01650150</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01650150">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-11-08" data-sort-value="2019-11-08">8 novembre 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%92+%D0%91%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%98%3A+%D0%AD%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%97%D0%98%D0%98+%D0%9B%D0%92%D0%A3+%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AF%D1%87%D0%98%D0%AF&amp;rft.jtitle=Russian+Linguistics&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A7%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%AF&amp;rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%91%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90&amp;rft.date=1994-11&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.pages=299%E2%80%93322&amp;rft.issn=0304-3487&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf01650150&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATrasianka"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><cite style="font-style:normal">«&#160;Soziolinguistische, soziokulturelle und psychologische Grundlagen gemischten Sprechens&#160;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">Trasjanka und Suržyk – gemischte weißrussisch-russische und ukrainisch-russische Rede</cite>, Peter Lang <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9783631585337" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9783631585337"><span class="nowrap">9783631585337</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-05057-8/16">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Trasjanka+und+Sur%C5%BEyk+%E2%80%93+gemischte+wei%C3%9Frussisch-russische+und+ukrainisch-russische+Rede&amp;rft.atitle=Soziolinguistische%2C+soziokulturelle+und+psychologische+Grundlagen+gemischten+Sprechens&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft.isbn=9783631585337&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATrasianka"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Liskovets2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Irina_Liskovets2009">Irina <span class="nom_auteur">Liskovets</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">Trasjanka: A code of rural migrants in Minsk</cite>&#160;», <i>International Journal of Bilingualism</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;13, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;3,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-09" data-sort-value="2009-09">septembre 2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">396–412</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1367-0069">1367-0069</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1756-6878">1756-6878</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006909348678">10.1177/1367006909348678</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006909348678">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-11-08" data-sort-value="2019-11-08">8 novembre 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Trasjanka%3A+A+code+of+rural+migrants+in+Minsk&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Bilingualism&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aulast=Liskovets&amp;rft.aufirst=Irina&amp;rft.date=2009-09&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.pages=396%E2%80%93412&amp;rft.issn=1367-0069&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1367006909348678&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATrasianka"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seveleu.com/drafts/trasianka">Deux exemples en trasianka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasianka&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_indo-europ%C3%A9ennes" title="Langues indo-européennes">langues indo-européennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_balto-slaves" title="Langues balto-slaves">langues balto-slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves" title="Langues slaves">langues slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves_orientales" title="Langues slaves orientales">langues slaves orientales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorusse" title="Biélorusse">biélorusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_slaves" title="Modèle:Palette Langues slaves"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_slaves&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves" title="Langues slaves">Langues slaves</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Origines</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_indo-europ%C3%A9ennes" title="Langues indo-européennes">langues indo-européennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_balto-slaves" title="Langues balto-slaves">langues balto-slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-slave" title="Proto-slave">proto-slave</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;"><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves_occidentales" title="Langues slaves occidentales">Langues occidentales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cachoube" title="Cachoube">cachoube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morave" title="Morave">morave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polabe" title="Polabe">polabe</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonais" title="Polonais">polonais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sien_(langue_slave)" title="Silésien (langue slave)">silésien</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovaque" title="Slovaque">slovaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovince" title="Slovince">slovince</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorabe" title="Sorabe">sorabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bas_sorabe" title="Bas sorabe">bas sorabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut_sorabe" title="Haut sorabe">haut sorabe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tch%C3%A8que" title="Tchèque">tchèque</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;"><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves_orientales" title="Langues slaves orientales">Langues orientales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorusse" title="Biélorusse">biélorusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn" title="Rusyn">rusyn (ruthène moderne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A8ne" title="Ruthène">ruthène (ruthène ancien)</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainien" title="Ukrainien">ukrainien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux_russe" title="Vieux russe">vieux russe</a> †</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;"><a href="/wiki/Langues_slaves_m%C3%A9ridionales" title="Langues slaves méridionales">Langues méridionales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgare" title="Bulgare">bulgare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac%C3%A9donien" title="Macédonien">macédonien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-croate" title="Serbo-croate">serbo-croate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnien" title="Bosnien">bosnien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croate" title="Croate">croate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9grin" title="Monténégrin">monténégrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbe" title="Serbe">serbe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slov%C3%A8ne" title="Slovène">slovène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-slave" title="Vieux-slave">vieux-slave</a> †</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Langues construites</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslave" title="Interslave">interslave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_militaire" title="Slave militaire">slave militaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavon_d%27%C3%A9glise" title="Slavon d&#39;église">slavon d'église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovio" title="Slovio">slovio</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;">Dialectes séparés et microlangues</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balatchka" title="Balatchka">balatchka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgare_du_Banat" title="Bulgare du Banat">bulgare du Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chtokavien" title="Chtokavien">chtokavien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croate_du_Burgenland" title="Croate du Burgenland">croate du Burgenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Croate_de_Molise&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Croate de Molise (page inexistante)">croate de Molise</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Slavomolisano dialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Slavomolisano dialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavophones_de_Mac%C3%A9doine_grecque&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavophones de Macédoine grecque (page inexistante)">dialectes de Grèce</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia#Education_and_language" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia#Education and language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFkavien" title="Kaïkavien">kaïkavien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectes_lachs" title="Dialectes lachs">lach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masourien" title="Masourien">masourien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazovien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazovien (page inexistante)">mazovien</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Masovian dialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Masovian dialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morave" title="Morave">morave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petit-polonais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Petit-polonais (page inexistante)">petit-polonais</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Polish_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser Polish dialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Lesser Polish dialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte_de_Podhale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialecte de Podhale (page inexistante)">dialecte de Podhale</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podhale_subdialect" class="extiw" title="en:Podhale subdialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Podhale subdialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%A9sien_occidental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polésien occidental (page inexistante)">polésien occidental</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Polesian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:West Polesian dialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;West Polesian dialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmure" title="Prekmure">prekmure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sian" title="Résian">résian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusyn_de_Pannonie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusyn de Pannonie (page inexistante)">rusyn de Pannonie</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pannonian Rusyn language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Pannonian Rusyn language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sien_(langue_slave)" title="Silésien (langue slave)">silésien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sil%C3%A9sien_de_Cieszyn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Silésien de Cieszyn (page inexistante)">silésien de Cieszyn</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cieszyn_Silesian_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Cieszyn Silesian dialect"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Cieszyn Silesian dialect&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sien_du_Texas" title="Silésien du Texas">silésien du Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaque_oriental" title="Slovaque oriental">slovaque oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sourjyk" title="Sourjyk">sourjyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchakavien" title="Tchakavien">tchakavien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaque" title="Tchécoslovaque">tchécoslovaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torlakien" title="Torlakien">torlakien</a></li> <li><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Portail de la Biélorussie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Logo_portail_Bi%C3%A9lorussie_v6.svg/29px-Logo_portail_Bi%C3%A9lorussie_v6.svg.png" decoding="async" 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