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National Institute of Standards and Technology — Wikipédia

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contrôle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contrôle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contrôle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Étude_de_l’effondrement_des_tours_du_WTC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Étude_de_l’effondrement_des_tours_du_WTC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Étude de l’effondrement des tours du WTC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Étude_de_l’effondrement_des_tours_du_WTC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controverses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controverses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controverses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controverses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durant_l&#039;administration_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durant_l&#039;administration_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Durant l'administration Trump</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durant_l&#039;administration_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quelques_personnalités" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quelques_personnalités"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Quelques personnalités</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quelques_personnalités-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recherches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recherches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recherches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recherches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span lang="en">National Institute of Standards and Technology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 38 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="المعهد الوطني للمعايير والتقانة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المعهد الوطني للمعايير والتقانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Национален институт за стандарти и технологии – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национален институт за стандарти и технологии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Nacional_d%27Est%C3%A0ndards_i_Tecnologia" title="Institut Nacional d&#039;Estàndards i Tecnologia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Institut Nacional d&#039;Estàndards i Tecnologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_institut_standard%C5%AF_a_technologie" title="Národní institut standardů a technologie – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Národní institut standardů a technologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Est%C3%A1ndares_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa" title="Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Nacional de Estándares y Tecnología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7" title="مؤسسه ملی فناوری و استانداردها – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مؤسسه ملی فناوری و استانداردها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_standardisointi-_ja_teknologiainstituutti" title="Yhdysvaltain standardisointi- ja teknologiainstituutti – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain standardisointi- ja teknologiainstituutti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institi%C3%BAid_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_Caighde%C3%A1n_agus_Teicneola%C3%ADochta" title="Institiúid Náisiúnta Caighdeán agus Teicneolaíochta – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Institiúid Náisiúnta Caighdeán agus Teicneolaíochta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="המכון הלאומי לתקנים וטכנולוגיה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המכון הלאומי לתקנים וטכנולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Standar_dan_Teknologi_Nasional" title="Institut Standar dan Teknologi Nasional – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Institut Standar dan Teknologi Nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="アメリカ国立標準技術研究所 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ国立標準技術研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="미국 국립표준기술연구소 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국립표준기술연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enst%C3%AEtuya_Netewey%C3%AE_ya_Standard_%C3%BB_Teknolojiy%C3%AA" title="Enstîtuya Neteweyî ya Standard û Teknolojiyê – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Enstîtuya Neteweyî ya Standard û Teknolojiyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Piawaian_dan_Teknologi_Kebangsaan" title="Institut Piawaian dan Teknologi Kebangsaan – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Institut Piawaian dan Teknologi Kebangsaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Padr%C3%B5es_e_Tecnologia" title="Instituto Nacional de Padrões e Tecnologia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instituto Nacional de Padrões e Tecnologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg/45px-OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg/68px-OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg/90px-OOjs_UI_icon_clock-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article doit être <a href="/wiki/Aide:Articles_%C3%A0_v%C3%A9rifier" title="Aide:Articles à vérifier">actualisé</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-12" data-sort-value="2021-12">décembre 2021</time>).</small> </p><p>Des passages de cet article ne sont plus d’actualité ou annoncent des événements désormais passés. <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit">Améliorez-le</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Discussion:National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="Discussion:National Institute of Standards and Technology">discutez-en</a>. Vous pouvez également préciser les sections à actualiser en utilisant <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Section_%C3%A0_actualiser" title="Modèle:Section à actualiser">{{section à actualiser}}</a>. </p> </div></div><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete icon universite" style="background-color:#8089b7;color:#FFF"><div><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Institute of Standards and Technology</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160407116">.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")}</style></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:NIST_logo.svg&amp;lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NIST_logo.svg/langfr-130px-NIST_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NIST_logo.svg/langfr-195px-NIST_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NIST_logo.svg/langfr-260px-NIST_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:NIST_AML_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NIST_AML_building.jpg/260px-NIST_AML_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NIST_AML_building.jpg/390px-NIST_AML_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NIST_AML_building.jpg/520px-NIST_AML_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div><div class="legend">Le laboratoire des mesures avancées à Gaithersburg.</div></div><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#8089b7">Histoire</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Fondation</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p571"><time datetime="1901" data-sort-value="1901" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P571" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#8089b7">Cadre</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Sigle</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1813"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr>&#160;<span class="lang-en" lang="en">NIST</span><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P1813" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Type</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p31"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_recherche" title="Institut de recherche">Institut de recherche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisme_de_normalisation" title="Organisme de normalisation">organisme de normalisation</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P31" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Domaine d'activité</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p101"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9trologie" title="Métrologie">Métrologie</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P101" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Siège</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p159"><a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg" title="Gaithersburg">Gaithersburg</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P159" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Pays</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p17"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P17" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Coordonnées</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p625"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/39.14147/-77.21777/fr" data-zoom="13" data-lat="39.14147" data-lon="-77.21777" data-overlays="[&quot;_732d2cb1a902405edff6a8a89866dbc42a902b3e&quot;]">39°&#160;08′&#160;29″&#160;N, 77°&#160;13′&#160;04″&#160;O</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P625" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#8089b7">Organisation</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Effectif</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1128">3&#160;400 employés <small>(<time datetime="2021" data-sort-value="2021" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a></time>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P1128" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Chercheurs associés</th><td class=""><div> 2&#160;900</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p488">Laurie E. Locascio <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_E._Locascio" class="extiw" title="en:Laurie E. Locascio"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small> <small>(depuis <time datetime="2022" data-sort-value="2022" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a></time>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P488" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Organisation mère</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p749"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Commerce_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département du Commerce des États-Unis">Département du Commerce des États-Unis</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P749" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Filiales</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p355">Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JILA" class="extiw" title="en:JILA"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small>, NIST Center for Neutron Research <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45133995" class="extiw" title="d:Q45133995"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l&#39;élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small>, Genome in a Bottle <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_in_a_Bottle" class="extiw" title="en:Genome in a Bottle"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small>, Systems Integration Division <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123910017" class="extiw" title="d:Q123910017"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l&#39;élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small>, National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Voluntary_Laboratory_Accreditation_Program" class="extiw" title="en:National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P355" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Produits</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1056"><a href="/wiki/Logiciel" title="Logiciel">Logiciel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">Federal Information Processing Standard</a>, NIST Special Publications <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123684169" class="extiw" title="d:Q123684169"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l&#39;élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P1056" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Site web</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p856"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/">www.nist.gov</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="img_toggle"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="13" data-lat="39.14147" data-lon="-77.21777" data-overlays="[&quot;_2b296d76bba7cb71e71c20ad745604f775c46524&quot;]" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/39.14147/-77.21777/fr"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,39.14147,-77.21777,280x280.png?lang=fr&amp;domain=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;revid=219890487&amp;groups=_2b296d76bba7cb71e71c20ad745604f775c46524" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,39.14147,-77.21777,280x280@2x.png?lang=fr&amp;domain=fr.wikipedia.org&amp;title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;revid=219890487&amp;groups=_2b296d76bba7cb71e71c20ad745604f775c46524 2x" alt="Carte" /></a><span></span></div><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #8089b7"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691" class="extiw" title="d:Q176691">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Organisation2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Le <b><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Institute of Standards and Technology</span></b> (<b>NIST</b>) en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a>&#160;: <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr">«&#160;Institut national des normes et de la <a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">technologie</a>&#160;»</span>, est une agence du <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_du_Commerce_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département du Commerce des États-Unis">département du Commerce des États-Unis</a>. Son but est de promouvoir l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)" title="Économie (activité humaine)">économie</a> en développant des <a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">technologies</a>, la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9trologie" title="Métrologie">métrologie</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Standard_industriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard industriel">normes</a> de concert avec l'<a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">industrie</a>. Cette agence a pris la suite en 1988 du <span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Bureau of Standards</span> fondé en 1901 avec substantiellement les mêmes missions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Organisation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Organisation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son siège se situe à <a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg" title="Gaithersburg">Gaithersburg</a>, dans le <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, et ses laboratoires se trouvent également dans cette ville et à <a href="/wiki/Boulder" title="Boulder">Boulder</a>, dans le <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. L'institut emploie 2&#160;900&#160;personnes<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Quand" title="Aide:Quand"><span title="Ce passage devrait préciser au minimum la décennie ou l&#39;année ; voir l&#39;aide.">&#91;Quand&#160;?&#93;</span></a></sup> et dispose en 2010 d'un budget d'un milliard de dollars. </p><p>Elle dispose entre autres depuis 1987 d'un <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9acteur_nucl%C3%A9aire_de_recherche" title="Réacteur nucléaire de recherche">réacteur nucléaire de recherche</a> de 20&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mégawatt">MW</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contrôle"><span id="Contr.C3.B4le"></span>Contrôle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Contrôle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Contrôle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les activités du NIST (sauf pour ce qui relèverait de la Défense nationale) sont programmées et contrôlées sous l'égide du <a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_des_sciences,_de_l%27espace_et_des_technologies_de_la_Chambre_des_repr%C3%A9sentants_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" class="mw-redirect" title="Comité des sciences, de l&#39;espace et des technologies de la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis">Comité des sciences, de l'espace et des technologies de la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étude_de_l’effondrement_des_tours_du_WTC"><span id=".C3.89tude_de_l.E2.80.99effondrement_des_tours_du_WTC"></span>Étude de l’effondrement des tours du WTC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Étude de l’effondrement des tours du WTC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étude de l’effondrement des tours du WTC"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Effondrement_des_tours_du_World_Trade_Center" title="Effondrement des tours du World Trade Center">Effondrement des tours du World Trade Center</a>.</div></div> <p>À la suite des critiques adressées au travail de la <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">FEMA</a>, le NIST se vit confier par le <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Construction Safety Team Act</span></i> à la fin <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> l’étude de l’effondrement des tours du <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center" title="World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a> le <a href="/wiki/Attentats_du_11_septembre_2001" title="Attentats du 11 septembre 2001">11 septembre 2001</a>. Cette étude s’étala sur trois années et bénéficia d’un budget de 16&#160;millions de dollars. Le NIST publia son rapport définitif concernant les tours jumelles en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-10" data-sort-value="2005-10">octobre 2005</time><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un des objectifs de cette étude était d’expliquer pourquoi et comment les tours jumelles se sont effondrées à la suite des impacts et des incendies et pourquoi et comment le WTC7 s’est effondré<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L’enquête s’est, en fait, focalisée sur l’ordre des événements depuis l’instant où l’avion s’est écrasé jusqu’à l’amorce de l’effondrement de chaque tour. Dans un souci de concision, cet ordre est appelé «&#160;ordre probable de l’effondrement&#160;», bien qu’il n’inclue pas en fait le comportement structurel de la tour après que les conditions de déclenchement de l’effondrement ont été atteintes. </p><p>Ce travail consista en une <a href="/wiki/Simulation_informatique" title="Simulation informatique">simulation informatique</a> des impacts des avions et des incendies subséquents. Le NIST conclut ainsi que les impacts seuls n’auraient pas provoqué l’effondrement des tours, les feux seuls non plus, ni l’effet combiné des impacts et des feux normalement hormis le cas où la protection ignifuge aurait été délogée<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les rédacteurs attribuent cet effondrement initial à l’instabilité des colonnes porteuses du noyau central, à la suite des dommages causés par les impacts (trois colonnes sectionnées pour WTC1 et cinq pour WTC2 dans le scénario fondamental) et incendies subséquents (les colonnes étant chauffées à une température située entre 400 et <span title="1&#160;292 °F ou 973,2 K">700&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>). </p><p>Pour ce qui est de la suite, le rapport pose simplement que l’effondrement total était nécessairement entraîné par la rupture initiale aux niveaux affaiblis. L’énergie cinétique libérée par la masse du haut du bâtiment en début de chute entrainant la rupture des étages inférieurs, incapables d’arrêter la masse en mouvement. Ce bloc d’étages au-dessus des impacts est tombé quasiment en chute libre<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Tout comme un piston, cette masse tombante pousse l’air, comprimé, devant elle ce qui projette la fumée et les débris à travers les fenêtres, comme on l’a vu dans plusieurs vidéos. </p><p>Le NIST<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> n’a trouvé aucune preuve de l’utilisation d’explosifs. Il n’a pas procédé à des tests sur l’acier sauvé des décombres et du déblayage destinés à retrouver des traces d’explosifs<sup id="cite_ref-nist-faq200608-12_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-faq200608-12-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> mais explique pourquoi un explosif comme la <a href="/wiki/Thermite" title="Thermite">thermite</a> serait inapproprié pour une démolition contrôlée, rendant la possibilité d’utilisation de tels explosifs improbable. Le NIST explique qu’il a démontré comment l’effondrement a été initié et explique pourquoi il a conclu que ni explosifs ni démolition contrôlée ont été impliqués dans les effondrements des tours<sup id="cite_ref-nist-faq200608-12_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-faq200608-12-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le NIST admet cependant<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> être incapable d’apporter une explication complète des effondrements dans leur totalité. </p><p>Le cas de la tour <a href="/wiki/WTC7" class="mw-redirect" title="WTC7">WTC7</a> est brièvement abordé dans le rapport de 2005. Un rapport complet sur l’effondrement de WTC7 a été publié en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-08" data-sort-value="2008-08">août 2008</time><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, concluant que le feu en était la cause principale. </p><p>Ce travail doit être la base pour l’établissement d’un programme de recherche et développement ayant pour objectif l’amélioration des règles, références et pratiques de construction et de protection incendie. Un programme de diffusion de ces propositions de changement ainsi que d’assistance technique pour leur mise en pratique dans les professions de la construction est également prévu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controverses">Controverses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Controverses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Controverses"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> britannique et le <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> américain ont rapporté que le NIST a autorisé la <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></span> (NSA) à insérer des <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur_de_nombres_pseudo-al%C3%A9atoires" title="Générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires">générateurs de nombres pseudo-aléatoires</a> (supposés sécurisés au niveau du <a href="/wiki/Chiffrement" title="Chiffrement">chiffrement</a>), appelés <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_EC_DRBG&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual EC DRBG (page inexistante)">Dual EC DRBG</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_EC_DRBG" class="extiw" title="en:Dual EC DRBG"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Dual EC DRBG&#160;»">(en)</span></a> dans le standard <span class="nowrap">SP 800-90</span> du NIST, qui contient une <a href="/wiki/Porte_d%C3%A9rob%C3%A9e" title="Porte dérobée">porte dérobée</a>, permettant notamment à la NSA de déchiffrer secrètement le matériel chiffré par ce générateur de nombre aléatoire<sup id="cite_ref-FCW_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCW-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les deux journaux rapportent également<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> que la NSA travaillait en secret à l'obtention de sa propre version d'une <span class="nowrap">SP 800-90</span> approuvée pour une utilisation planétaire en 2006. Le document qui a fuité stipule que <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">«&#160;<span class="italique">eventually, NSA became the sole editor</span>&#160;»</span> (<span class="citation">«&#160;finalement, la NSA devient l'unique éditeur&#160;»</span>). L'enquête confirme des suspicions, mises en avant par des spécialistes du chiffrement en 2007, de mise en place de porte dérobée dans les standards par la NSA<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le NIST a répondu à ces allégations en expliquant que&#160;<span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">«&#160;<span class="italique">NIST works to publish the strongest cryptographic standards possible</span>&#160;»</span> (<span class="citation">«&#160;le NIST travaille à publier les standards cryptographiques les plus résistants possibles&#160;»</span>) et qu'il utilise <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">«&#160;<span class="italique">a transparent, public process to rigorously vet our recommended standards</span>&#160;»</span> (<span class="citation">«&#160;un processus transparent et public afin de vérifier rigoureusement les standards que nous recommandons&#160;»</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'agence dit également <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">«&#160;<span class="italique">there has been some confusion about the standards development process and the role of different organizations in it… The National Security Agency (NSA) participates in the NIST cryptography process because of its recognized expertise. NIST is also required by statute to consult with the NSA.</span>&#160;»</span> (<span class="citation">«&#160;il y a eu quelques confusions à propos du processus de développement des standards et le rôle de différentes organisations dans celui-ci… La NSA participe au développement des standards de chiffrement du NIST en raison de son expertise reconnue. Le NIST doit également, en raison de son statut, consulter la NSA.&#160;»</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En reconnaissant les inquiétudes adressées, l'agence a rouvert la période de commentaires publics avant la publication du standard SP800-90, promettant que <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">«&#160;<span class="italique">if vulnerabilities are found in these or any other NIST standards, we will work with the cryptographic community to address them as quickly as possible</span>&#160;»</span> (<span class="citation">«&#160;si des vulnérabilités sont trouvées dans ces ou d'autres standards du NIST, nous allons travailler avec la communauté du chiffrement afin de les résoudre aussi vite que possible&#160;»</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bernstein" title="Daniel J. Bernstein">Daniel J. Bernstein</a>, connu entre autres dans le domaine informatique pour ses applications très utilisées dans le domaine des serveurs (<a href="/wiki/Qmail" title="Qmail">qmail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daemontools" title="Daemontools">daemontools</a> et <a href="/wiki/Djbdns" title="Djbdns">Djbdns</a>) et auteur de l'algorithme de <a href="/wiki/Chiffrement_de_flux" title="Chiffrement de flux">Chiffrement de flux</a> <a href="/wiki/Salsa20" title="Salsa20">Salsa20</a>, a créé un site web démontrant le réel niveau de sécurité de différents algorithmes. Il y démontre que certains algorithmes de chiffrement du NIST ne respectent pas des règles élémentaires de sécurité<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il en a profité pour publier un nouvel algorithme de chiffrement appelé <a href="/wiki/Curve25519" title="Curve25519">Curve25519</a>, beaucoup plus sûr et nécessitant beaucoup moins de ressources de calcul que ceux proposés par le NIST<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Durant_l'administration_Trump"><span id="Durant_l.27administration_Trump"></span>Durant l'administration Trump</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Durant l&#039;administration Trump" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Durant l&#039;administration Trump"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mi-septembre <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, après avoir demandé une réduction de 24&#160;% du budget global de l'Agence pour l'exercice 2018 (qui aux États-Unis débute en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-10" data-sort-value="2017-10">octobre 2017</time>) ainsi qu'une réduction de 13&#160;% du budget des sept laboratoires de recherche de l'agence, a proposé au Sénat de remplacer le directeur intérimaire du NIST Kent Rochford (qui remplaçait Willie May partie en retraite en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-01" data-sort-value="2017-01">janvier 2017</time>) par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Copan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Copan (page inexistante)">Walter Copan</a> (chimiste de formation, âgé de 63 ans, président et directeur de la direction du Groupe d'ingénierie de la propriété intellectuelle basé au Colorado, et considéré comme expert en transfert de technologie lorsqu'il travaillait au <i><a href="/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Golden_(Colorado)" title="Golden (Colorado)">Golden (Colorado)</a> et au <i><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a></i> d'Upton à New York)<sup id="cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServiceScience2017-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Peu après la révélation du piratage de peut-être plus de 100 millions de compte d'<a href="/wiki/Equifax" title="Equifax">Equifax</a>, W. Copan a annoncé que sa priorité serait de mettre en place un cadre de <a href="/wiki/Cybers%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Cybersécurité">cybersécurité</a> au service des organismes fédéraux et de l'industrie (sans oublier les petites entreprises qui n'ont pas de professionnels de l'informatique et sont donc vulnérables aux cyberattaques)<sup id="cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServiceScience2017-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a précisé qu'il voulait ainsi améliorer <span class="citation">«&#160;la façon dont les petites entreprises interagissent avec les organismes gouvernementaux pour commercialiser de nouvelles technologies&#160;»</span>. Copan devrait aussi devenir sous-secrétaire du commerce et de la technologie au sein du département américain du Commerce<sup id="cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServiceScience2017-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quelques_personnalités"><span id="Quelques_personnalit.C3.A9s"></span>Quelques personnalités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Quelques personnalités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Quelques personnalités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Établissement d'excellence, le National Institute of Standards and Technology ne compte pas moins de quatre <a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique" title="Prix Nobel de physique">Prix Nobel de physique</a> parmi les différents chercheurs qu'il a employés&#160;: <a href="/wiki/William_D._Phillips" title="William D. Phillips">William D. Phillips</a> en 1997, <a href="/wiki/Eric_A._Cornell" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric A. Cornell">Eric A. Cornell</a> en 2001, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="John L. Hall">John L. Hall</a> en 2005, et <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a> en 2012, ce qui constitue un record pour un laboratoire de recherche publique aux États-Unis. </p><p>Parmi les autres chercheurs illustres du NIST, on peut citer&#160;: </p> <div style="column-width:20em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Albus" title="James S. Albus">James S. Albus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Cook_Bingham" title="Eugene Cook Bingham">Eugene C. Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Brickwedde" title="Ferdinand Brickwedde">Ferdinand Brickwedde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_James_Briggs" title="Lyman James Briggs">Lyman James Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Buckingham" title="Edgar Buckingham">Edgar Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Coblentz" title="William Coblentz">William Coblentz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Coll%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Collé (page inexistante)">Ronald Collé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Davis" title="Philip J. Davis">Philip J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Edmonds" title="Jack Edmonds">Jack Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Fano" title="Ugo Fano">Ugo Fano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Froese_Fischer" title="Charlotte Froese Fischer">Charlotte Froese Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Foecke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Foecke (page inexistante)">Tim Foecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hartree" title="Douglas Hartree">Douglas Hartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hestenes" title="Magnus Hestenes">Magnus Hestenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Lanczos" title="Cornelius Lanczos">Cornelius Lanczos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_D._Lett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul D. Lett (page inexistante)">Paul D. Lett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_James_Lotka" title="Alfred James Lotka">Alfred Lotka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Basil_Mann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Basil Mann (page inexistante)">Wilfrid Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Frederick_Meggers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Frederick Meggers (page inexistante)">William Meggers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_G._Nell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James G. Nell (page inexistante)">James G. Nell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ward_Plummer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ward Plummer (page inexistante)">Ward Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Rabinow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Rabinow (page inexistante)">Jacob Rabinow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Saykally&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Saykally (page inexistante)">Richard Saykally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moore_Sitterly" title="Charlotte Moore Sitterly">Charlotte Moore Sitterly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Stone_(caver)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Stone (caver) (page inexistante)">Bill Stone</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recherches">Recherches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Recherches" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Recherches"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radar_%C3%A0_p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration_d%27obstacles" title="Radar à pénétration d&#39;obstacles">Radar à pénétration d'obstacles</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2018"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991 Catalog</cite>, <time>2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780260617200" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780260617200"><span class="nowrap">9780260617200</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;439<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Publications+of+the+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology%2C+1991+Catalog&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.pages=439&amp;rft.isbn=9780260617200&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/wtc/">World Trade Center Disaster Study</a> - Site officiel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rapport final, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rapport détaillé 1-6, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;146 du <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wtc.nist.gov/NCSTAR1/PDF/NCSTAR%201.pdf">rapport final</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rapport final datant de 2005 relatif aux effondrements des tours jumelles, <span class="nowrap">page 146</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nist-faq200608-12-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nist-faq200608-12_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-nist-faq200608-12_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Question 12 FAQ du NIST publié en août 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr" title="confer (reportez-vous à/comparez avec)">cf.</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;4 du <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalof911studies.com/volume/2007/NISTresponseToRequestForCorrectionGourleyEtal2.pdf"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><span class="noarchive">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">NIST WTC 7 Investigation Finds Building Fires Caused Collapse</span></cite></a>&#160;»<sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl=fr&amp;q=cache:http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html">Google</a> • <a href="/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes#J&#39;ai_trouvé_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire&#160;?</a>)</sup></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-06-15" data-sort-value="2014-06-15">15 juin 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCW-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-FCW_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Konkel2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frank_Konkel2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frank Konkel, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fcw.com/articles/2013/09/06/nsa-nist-standards.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">What NSA's influence on NIST standards means for feds</span></cite></a>&#160;», <span class="italique">FCW</span>, <span class="lang-en" lang="en">1105 Government Information Group</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-06" data-sort-value="2013-09-06">6 septembre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-10" data-sort-value="2013-09-10">10 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Greenwald"><span class="ouvrage" id="Glenn_Greenwald"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Glenn Greenwald, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryption-codes-security"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Revealed: how US and UK spy agencies defeat internet privacy and security</span></cite></a>&#160;», <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-06" data-sort-value="2013-09-06">6 septembre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-07" data-sort-value="2013-09-07">7 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Perlroth"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicole_Perlroth"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicole Perlroth, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/06/us/nsa-foils-much-internet-encryption.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">N.S.A. Able to Foil Basic Safeguards of Privacy on Web</span></cite></a>&#160;», <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-05" data-sort-value="2013-09-05">5 septembre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-07" data-sort-value="2013-09-07">7 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Schneier"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bruce_Schneier"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Bruce Schneier, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2007/11/securitymatters_1115"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Did NSA Put a Secret Backdoor in New Encryption Standard?</span></cite></a>&#160;», Condé Nast, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-11-15" data-sort-value="2007-11-15">15 novembre 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-10" data-sort-value="2013-09-10">10 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Byers"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alex_Byers"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Alex Byers, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/morningtech/0913/morningtech11574.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">NSA encryption info could pose new security risk - NIST weighs in</span></cite></a>&#160;», Politico <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-10" data-sort-value="2013-09-10">10 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Perlroth"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicole_Perlroth"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicole Perlroth, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/10/government-announces-steps-to-restore-confidence-on-encryption-standards/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Government Announces Steps to Restore Confidence on Encryption Standards</span></cite></a>&#160;», <span class="lang-en" lang="en">New York Times</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-11" data-sort-value="2013-09-11">11 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="class=&quot;lang-en&quot;_lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;Office_of_the_Director,_NIST"><span class="ouvrage" id="Office_of_the_Director,_NIST"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Office of the Director, NIST</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nist.gov/director/cybersecuritystatement-091013.cfm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cryptographic Standards Statement</span></cite></a>&#160;», <span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Institute of Standsards in Technology</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-10" data-sort-value="2013-09-10">10 septembre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-11" data-sort-value="2013-09-11">11 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://safecurves.cr.yp.to/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">SafeCurves: choosing safe curves for elliptic-curve cryptography</span></cite></a>&#160;» <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-06-15" data-sort-value="2015-06-15">15 juin 2015</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imperialviolet.org/2010/12/21/eccspeed.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">What a difference a prime makes</span></cite></a>&#160;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-12-21" data-sort-value="2010-12-21">21 décembre 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-06-15" data-sort-value="2014-06-15">15 juin 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ed25519: high-speed high-security signatures</span></cite></a>&#160;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-27" data-sort-value="2011-12-27">27 décembre 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-06-15" data-sort-value="2014-06-15">15 juin 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ServiceScience2017-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ServiceScience2017_20-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robert F. Service, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/cybersecurity-and-technology-transfer-seen-top-priorities-nist-director-nominee">«&#160;<span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cybersecurity and technology transfer seen as top priorities for NIST director nominee</span>&#160;»</a>, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Science</span></i>, 18 septembre 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.slate.fr/story/212490/nouveau-systeme-radar-permet-voir-travers-murs-micro-ondes">https://www.slate.fr/story/212490/nouveau-systeme-radar-permet-voir-travers-murs-micro-ondes</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Excellence" title="Performance Excellence">Performance Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIST_hash_function_competition" title="NIST hash function competition">NIST hash function competition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="wd_p856"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/">Site officiel</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176691?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="National_Academies_of_Sciences2023"><span class="ouvrage" id="Engineering_National_Academies_of_Sciences2023"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Engineering <span class="nom_auteur">National Academies of Sciences</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">2022 Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Communications Technology Laboratory</cite></a>&#160;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-01-30" data-sort-value="2023-01-30">30 janvier 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-309-69593-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-309-69593-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-309-69593-0</span></a>)</small></span></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Industrie" title="Portail de la production industrielle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Industry_Creative_Tail.svg/24px-Industry_Creative_Tail.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Industry_Creative_Tail.svg/36px-Industry_Creative_Tail.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Industry_Creative_Tail.svg/48px-Industry_Creative_Tail.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Industrie" title="Portail:Industrie">Portail de la production industrielle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail de la physique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/24px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/36px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/48px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Physique" title="Portail:Physique">Portail de la physique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Technologies" title="Portail des technologies"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/23px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/34px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/45px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="99" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Technologies" title="Portail:Technologies">Portail des technologies</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span 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