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Ancrum Moor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muirhouse_and_Ancrum_Moor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_of_Berwick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_of_Berwick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Governance of Berwick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_of_Berwick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background: #99BADD; color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">William Eure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1st Baron Eure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg/220px-Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg/330px-Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg/440px-Arms_of_Lord_Eure_of_Witton.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Arms of the Eures of Witton</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1483</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1548</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Noble family</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Eure</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Elizabeth Willoughby</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Ralph Eure</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Muriel Hastings</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Eure, 1st Baron Eure</b> (c.1483–1548) of <a href="/wiki/Witton_Castle" title="Witton Castle">Witton</a> was an English knight and soldier active on the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Border" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Border">Anglo-Scottish border</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> made him <a href="/wiki/Baron_Eure" title="Baron Eure">Baron Eure</a> by patent in 1544. The surname is often written as "Evers". William was Governor of <a href="/wiki/Berwick_upon_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick upon Tweed">Berwick upon Tweed</a> in 1539, Commander in the North in 1542, <a href="/wiki/Warden_of_the_Eastern_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Warden of the Eastern March">Warden of the Eastern March</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Durham" title="High Sheriff of Durham">High Sheriff of Durham</a>. During the Anglo-Scottish war called the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Wooing" title="Rough Wooing">Rough Wooing</a>, Eure and his sons Henry and Ralph made numerous raids against towns and farms in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William was the son of Ralph Eure and Muriel Hastings. He married Elizabeth Willoughby, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Willoughby,_10th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Eresby" title="Christopher Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby de Eresby">Christopher Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby de Eresby</a>. Their children included <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Eure_(died_1545)" title="Ralph Eure (died 1545)">Sir Ralph</a>, Henry, who was Master of the Ordnance at Berwick, Margery, Muriel, and Anne. Sir Ralph Eure, who was also <a href="/wiki/Lord_Warden_of_the_Marches" title="Lord Warden of the Marches">Warden of the Middle March</a>, married Margery Bowes, daughter of Ralph Bowes of <a href="/wiki/Streatlam_Castle" title="Streatlam Castle">Streatlam Castle</a> and was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ancrum_Moor" title="Battle of Ancrum Moor">Battle of Ancrum Moor</a> in 1545. Their son William Eure later inherited the title as 2nd Baron Eure.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ralph's daughter Frances married Robert Lambton of <a href="/wiki/Lambton_Castle" title="Lambton Castle">Lambton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quiet_on_the_border">Quiet on the border</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Quiet on the border"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ralph Eure defended <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Castle" title="Scarborough Castle">Scarborough Castle</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_Grace" title="Pilgrimage of Grace">Pilgrimage of Grace</a> for 20 days in 1536 with a garrison comprising only his household servants. After the rebellion was crushed, Henry VIII assumed for himself the Wardenship of the Scottish Marches: William Eure was deputy <a href="/wiki/Warden_of_the_Eastern_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Warden of the Eastern March">Warden of the Eastern March</a>. The Wardens were charged with keeping order on the border, dealing with encroachments from both sides and liaising with their opposite numbers. </p><p>At first, the border was quiet because <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a> was in France seeking a bride. The situation did not deteriorate until at end of 1538, when James V was settled with <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a>. In November 1538, James V came to Jedburgh and replaced his wardens of the East and Middle March. In December, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> proclaimed his <a href="/wiki/Papal_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Bull">Bull</a> of <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">Excommunication</a> against Henry VIII. William Eure and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wharton,_1st_Baron_Wharton" title="Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton">Thomas Wharton</a>, deputy Warden of the West March had to complain to James V about the circulation of ballads against Henry which they said came from Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir Christopher Morris, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Ordnance" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Ordnance">Master of the Ordnance</a>, invested William as Keeper and Captain of the Castle and town of <a href="/wiki/Berwick_upon_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick upon Tweed">Berwick upon Tweed</a> in January 1539, as the successor of Sir Thomas Clifford. Morris noted a great multitude of arms and munitions, all 'sore decayed'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interlude_at_Linlithgow">Interlude at Linlithgow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interlude at Linlithgow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of William's letters gives the earliest description of the play <i><a href="/wiki/A_Satire_of_the_Three_Estates" title="A Satire of the Three Estates">A Satire of the Three Estates</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay_of_the_Mount" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lindsay of the Mount">David Lindsay of the Mount</a>. William spoke to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bellenden_of_Auchnoule" title="Thomas Bellenden of Auchnoule">Sir Thomas Bellenden</a>, who described a performance at <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow_Palace" title="Linlithgow Palace">Linlithgow Palace</a> before James, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a> and his bishops and council on the feast of the Epiphany. As the play turned on the Reformation of the church, William obtained a more detailed description from a Scottish contact for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Thomas Cromwell</a>. Eure enclosed in his letter of 26 January 1540 the synopsis of the performance compiled by his spy, which corresponds with the later text of Lindsay's play. </p><p>Eure said he had talked with Bellenden, a member of the council of <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a> about the possibility of a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation of the 'spirituality' in Scotland</a>. The play at Linlithgow had shown the 'naughtiness' of the church. Bellenden said after the play the King spoke to the churchmen in the audience asking them to reform their factions and manner of living, otherwise, he would send six of them into England to his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survey_of_Northumberland,_1541"><span id="Survey_of_Northumberland.2C_1541"></span>Survey of Northumberland, 1541</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Survey of Northumberland, 1541"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beyond the regular duties of a border Warden, in 1541 William Eure was one of the commissioners appointed by Henry VIII to expel Scottish people from <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> following an Act of Parliament. In June he wrote to <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a> complaining that his border subjects had begun to pasture sheep and sow grain in England.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October they viewed the border along the <a href="/wiki/River_Tweed" title="River Tweed">river Tweed</a> to the Ryden Burn's mouth and destroyed corn sown by Scots on English ground. The Scots drew away from the border thinking Eure's men were invaders. During this business, Eure held meetings at <a href="/wiki/Alnwick_Castle" title="Alnwick Castle">Alnwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etal_Castle" title="Etal Castle">Etal</a>. He hoped to induce men from <a href="/wiki/Tynedale" title="Tynedale">Tynedale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redesdale" title="Redesdale">Redesdale</a> to avenge the murders of the Fenwick family by attacking the Scots in <a href="/wiki/Liddesdale" title="Liddesdale">Liddesdale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 4 November, he had found that there were a great number of Scottish householders, occupied as herdsmen, labourers or artisans, mostly without land, and they were evicted. Those too who held land or mills were replaced by English tenants. Many of the empty housing was not adequate for new English settlers, even if two houses were joined together. Other Scots were servants or apprenticed to English craftsmen, these were allowed to stay. Nevertheless, the use of Scottish apprentices would be discouraged in future. </p><p>William noted the valued service of a Scottish armourer called Troilus Taylor and a mountain guide, Gilbert Cocklands, who had been employed leading raids into Scotland. He requested that these useful people be made denizens of England and pointed out their repatriation would have an unhappy result. William's commission also included a survey of the border fortresses east to <a href="/wiki/Harbottle_Castle" title="Harbottle Castle">Harbottle Castle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Coquet" title="River Coquet">river Coquet</a>. Many of the old <a href="/wiki/Pele_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Pele tower">Pele towers</a> were in decay, and the owners lived in more convenient unfortified places ("that was a great pity to see"). He had commanded the owners to put the fortified houses in good order. He next planned to survey the strongholds of the Middle March. Generally, he found the border peaceful enough. Trouble came from the "traitorous Scottish thieves of Liddesdale" or Henry's "evil subjects of Tynedale and Redesdale" who seemed to combine together rather than respect the peace of Henry VIII or <a href="/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James V of Scotland">James V of Scotland</a>. </p><p>After showing an armed presence at <a href="/wiki/Hexham" title="Hexham">Hexham</a>, Willam planned to meet up with his colleagues at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> on 17 November 1541 to finalise the survey. The historian <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Meikle" title="Maureen Meikle">Maureen Meikle</a> finds that Eure had encouraged Scottish artisans to settle in the Middle March.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rough_Wooing">Rough Wooing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rough Wooing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir William and his sons Henry and Ralph were active during the war of the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Wooing" title="Rough Wooing">Rough Wooing</a> and were stationed at <a href="/wiki/Berwick_upon_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick upon Tweed">Berwick upon Tweed</a>. William Eure sent <a href="/wiki/Edward_Seymour,_1st_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset">Lord Hertford</a> news of rumours he had heard from Scotsmen that the <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regent_Arran" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent Arran">Regent Arran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a> had held a meeting at <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Castle" title="Stirling Castle">Stirling Castle</a> and would reconcile their differences. If their factions were united the Scots would be able to resist English ambitions to force the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Prince Edward</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_burning_of_Edinburgh">The burning of Edinburgh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The burning of Edinburgh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hertford organised a major <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Edinburgh_(1544)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Edinburgh (1544)">assault by sea on Edinburgh</a> for May 1544. William and Ralph Eure were to bring a diversionary force of March men to <a href="/wiki/Haddington,_East_Lothian" title="Haddington, East Lothian">Haddington</a>. Ralph asked Hertford for a reinforcement of 1000 Yorkshire archers so that they could press forward from Haddington to be in sight of the landing place at <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a>. In the event, it was agreed that Hertford would summon Eure when he had disembarked his troops in Edinburgh. (When Eure's men arrived in Edinburgh they would get their pay).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hertford landed on Sunday 4 May 1544 and sent for Eure. His letter reached Berwick on Monday at 2pm, and Eure's reply was received at <a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a> on Tuesday at 5pm.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4000 border horsemen arrived in Edinburgh on Wednesday 7 May.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the army was camped near <a href="/wiki/Seton_Palace" title="Seton Palace">Seton Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell,_5th_Lord_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell">Lord Maxwell</a> requested to speak to Ralph Eure but Hertford would not allow it. Instead, Maxwell was brought back to England.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assurances">Assurances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Assurances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 June 1544, a number of Scottish borderers gave their oath to be "full part takers" with England, known "<a href="/wiki/Assured_Scots" title="Assured Scots">Assured Scots</a>". Ralph Eure, as Warden of the Middle March, was given three "pledges" or hostages for the fulfilment of the oath by 24 members of the Oliver family and their kinsmen. These were Dandy Oliver, Rinyan (Ninian) Oliver and Patty Oliver who were kept at <a href="/wiki/Warkworth_Castle" title="Warkworth Castle">Warkworth Castle</a>. On the same day Ralph took four Nixon hostages for the loyalty of 35 Nixons, and four Crosiers for 50 of their family, and 3 hostages for the Hall family.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1544, Ralph Eure gained the allegiance of Andrew Kerr of Ferniehurst and 40 followers of various names and the town of Jedburgh. Eure took 21 hostages, including a man for each family name. If the Scots failed to fulfil their contract of assurance the hostages could be executed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jedburgh">Jedburgh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jedburgh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 June 1544, Sir William and his colleagues met at <a href="/wiki/Milfield" title="Milfield">Milfield</a> near <a href="/wiki/Wooler" title="Wooler">Wooler</a> and decided to march on <a href="/wiki/Jedburgh" title="Jedburgh">Jedburgh</a>. The final plan had been proposed by Lord Hertford on 27 May 1544 and endorsed by the English Privy Council and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a>, after Hertford had discussed the pros and cons of a more modest attack in March with Ralph Eure. An assault on Jedburgh had also been proposed as part of the major raid in May.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days before the meeting at Milfield, Ralph Eure had written to Lord Hertford from <a href="/wiki/Warkworth_Castle" title="Warkworth Castle">Warkworth Castle</a>, explaining that his father was ill ("somewhat crossed") and reassuring Hertford that he could lead his father's East March men. Ralph asked Hertford to send his trumpeter for the Jedburgh raid.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, William seems to have led the raid. At Jedburgh, where he had heard there were seven cannons at the marketplace, he divided his force into three. The Scottish defenders fled without engaging. Sir William burnt the <a href="/wiki/Jedburgh_Abbey" title="Jedburgh Abbey">Abbey</a>, the Greyfriars and various <a href="/wiki/Bastle_house" title="Bastle house">bastle and fortified houses</a> in the town. They captured 500 horses and seven cannons. On their way back to England, they burnt the <a href="/wiki/Crailing" title="Crailing">Tower of Cailing Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cessford_Castle" title="Cessford Castle">Cessford Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morebattle" title="Morebattle">Morebattle</a> church, Otterburn, Cowboge and other places. Near to the English border, at <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Yetholm" title="Kirk Yetholm">Kirk Yetholm</a>, they observed fires raised by a Scottish raiding party. Ralph Eure with Richard Bowes, Captain of <a href="/wiki/Norham_Castle" title="Norham Castle">Norham</a>, and 500 men rode forward and captured or killed a number of Scots.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coldingham">Coldingham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coldingham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later in the month, Henry Eure and <a href="/wiki/George_Bowes_(rebel)" title="George Bowes (rebel)">George Bowes</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Coldingham" title="Coldingham">Coldingham</a>, where the Priory was defended by cannon, after a 5-hour battle. Subsequently, William Eure wrote to the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Earl of Shrewsbury">Earl of Shrewsbury</a> that he had escorted the Italian military surveyor Archan (<a href="/wiki/Archangelo_Arcano" title="Archangelo Arcano">Archangelo Arcano</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Coldingham" title="Coldingham">Coldingham</a>. The new Captain of Coldingham, George Bowes, said he could hold the place for 40 hours against the Scottish army if they brought two cannons. Ralph had reported to William that <a href="/wiki/Regent_Arran" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent Arran">Regent Arran</a> with other Scottish lords were gathering an invasion force at <a href="/wiki/Dunbar" title="Dunbar">Dunbar</a>. Ralph also sent this news to Shrewsbury. The Lords of the Privy Council had already found Ralph's intelligence gathering useful, and in January they had authorised Shrewsbury to cover the sums that Ralph laid out for "compassing sundry exploits and intelligence." Arran's host did move towards Coldingham, but Arran halted this advance before Sir William's force could engage him.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Eure, in July 1544, joined George Bowes and raided <a href="/wiki/Edrom" title="Edrom">Edrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Scottish_Borders" title="Preston, Scottish Borders">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polwarth,_Scottish_Borders" title="Polwarth, Scottish Borders">Patrick Hume's Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duns,_Scottish_Borders" title="Duns, Scottish Borders">Duns</a>. On 3 July, William Eure organised the burning of the Castle of <a href="/wiki/Greenlaw" title="Greenlaw">Greenlaw</a>. Ralph burnt the <a href="/wiki/Barmkin" title="Barmkin">Barmkin</a> of Ormiston and the church tower at <a href="/wiki/Eckford,_Scottish_Borders" title="Eckford, Scottish Borders">Eckford</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muirhouse_and_Ancrum_Moor">Muirhouse and Ancrum Moor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Muirhouse and Ancrum Moor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The Eure family continued these raids into November and again in 1545.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a Scottish army mustered on the eastern border near <a href="/wiki/Lauder" title="Lauder">Lauder</a>, Ralph argued for an attack on <a href="/wiki/Hawick" title="Hawick">Hawick</a>. A raid to <a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose, Scotland">Melrose</a> or Jedburgh led to Ralph Eure's death at the battle of Ancrum Moor in February 1545, his companions Basford and a Scotsman John Rutherford of <a href="/wiki/Edgerston" title="Edgerston">Edgerston</a> cut down beside him. Regent Arran was shown Ralph's body by a man called Vicar Ogle, and said;</p><blockquote><p>God have mercy on him, for he was a fell cruel man and over cruel, which many a man and fatherless bairn might rue; and, wellaway that ever such slaughter and bloodshedding should be amongst Christian men.</p></blockquote><p> The defeat at Ancrum was blamed on Ralph's over-reliance on his wavering Scottish allies and his foolhardy courage. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bowes_(lawyer)" title="Robert Bowes (lawyer)">Robert Bowes</a> was made Warden of the Middle March in his place.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To avenge Ralph, Henry Eure and George Bowes went to <a href="/wiki/Bowmont_Water" title="Bowmont Water">Bowmont in Teviotdale</a> and demolished two towers and burnt farmsteads belonging to the Laird of <a href="/wiki/Mowhaugh" title="Mowhaugh">Molle</a> (Mow). </p><p>In March 1548 Henry Eure reported his father's death to <a href="/wiki/William_Grey,_13th_Baron_Grey_de_Wilton" title="William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton">Lord Grey of Wilton</a>. Henry's next duty was to make inquiries about a captured Lieutenant of Spanish mercenaries and an Italian who had escaped and fled to Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_of_Berwick">Governance of Berwick</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Governance of Berwick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sadler" title="Ralph Sadler">Ralph Sadler</a> reported to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wriothesley" title="Thomas Wriothesley">Thomas Wriothesley</a> in April 1545 that William was not suitable to be Captain of the town of Berwick. Eure and Sir Cuthbert Ratcliff, Captain of the castle of Berwick; were "men of honesty and meet to serve elsewhere", but of no experience or knowledge for keeping a fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eure had a long-running dispute with Thomas Gower, the Marshall of Berwick (father of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Gower,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Gower, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Gower, 1st Baronet</a>) Gower was summoned to attend the Privy Council in London and after failing to answer Eure's allegations, was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Prison" title="Fleet Prison">Fleet Prison</a> in June 1546.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The council also arbitrated between Eure and Cuthbert Ratcliffe over the rights of <a href="/wiki/Berwick_Castle" title="Berwick Castle">Berwick Castle</a> to tithes and fishing, Eure have previously been the Captain. In May 1547 he was placed in charge of stores at <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> and asked to assist in the fortification of the place according to the designs of William Ridgeway and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_(engineer)" title="Richard Lee (engineer)">Richard Lee</a>, without diminishing the garrison at Berwick.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After William Eure's death, although Grey of Wilton wrote to Somerset on Henry Eure's behalf for his father's offices, the Wardenship of the East March and Governorship of Berwick were given to Grey of Wilton himself. However, Ralph's son, William Eure, 2nd Baron Eure was later made Warden of the Middle March and Governor of Berwick.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Ralph Eure, a brother of this William Eure, was killed in a duel fought with spears by <a href="/wiki/William_Kirkcaldy_of_Grange" title="William Kirkcaldy of Grange">William Kirkcaldy of Grange</a> in 1557.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Eure,_1st_Baron_Eure&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lodge, Edmund, ed., <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol.1 (1791), pp.35-36 note, pp.267-268 note</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rae, Thomas I., <i>The Administration of the Scottish Frontier</i>, Edinburgh (1966), 173-177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pM0_AAAAcAAJ"><i>State Papers Henry VIII</i>, vol.5 part IV, cont., (1836)</a> pp. 146-8, 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0dI_AAAAcAAJ">Pinkerton, John, <i>The History Of Scotland From The Accession Of The House Of Stuart To That Of Mary</i>, vol.2, (1791), pp.494-497</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol.1 (1890), 80-81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters & Papers, Henry VIII</i>, vol.16 (1898), nos. 1263, 1264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091786032#page/n227/mode/2up">Bain, Joseph, ed., <i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol. 1 (1890), 120-3, 7 Nov. 1541</a>: Meikle, Maureen M., <i>A British Frontier?</i>, Tuckwell (2004), 265 & n.71 additionally citing Mss. PRO SP59/20 fos. 196-7, WARD7/8/42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HMC; <i>Longleat, Seymour Papers</i> vol.4 (1967), pp.64-5, Eure to Hertford, Alnwick Castle, 28 April 1544.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters and Papers, Henry VIII</i>, vol.19 part 1 (1903), no. 464, 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kLiGTV0qzv8C"><i>The Late Expedicion into Scotland, 1544</i>, Reynold Wolf (1554) reprinted in <i>Tudor Tracts</i> (1903)</a> p.43 & pp.48-51: Haynes (1740), see next ref.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters and Papers, Henry VIII</i>, vol.19 part 1 (1903), no.531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hamilton Papers</i>, vol.2 (1890) appendix pp. 741-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>State Papers Henry VIII</i>, vol. 5 part IV cont., (London, 1836), pp. 399-400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Haynes_(historian)" title="Samuel Haynes (historian)">Haynes, Samuel</a>, ed.,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YitDAAAAcAAJ"><i>A Collection of State Papers</i>, vol. 1, London (1740)</a> pp. 12–13, 22, 26–27, 31, 37, 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haynes, Samuel, ed., <i>A Collection of State Papers</i>, vol. 1, London (1740), p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Late Expedicion into Scotland, 1544</i> Reynold Wolf (1544), epilogue; 'Other new and prosperous adventures of late against the Scots.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmund Lodge, <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol. 1 (1791), p.48 no. XXII, p.67-68 no.XXX.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haynes, Samuel, ed., <i>A Collection of State Papers</i> vol. 1, London (1740), pp.43-50, 52-54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters & Papers, Henry VIII</i>, vol. 20 part 1 (1905), nos. 253, 285, 301, 306, 355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII</i>, vol.20 part 1, (1905), no.582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dasent, John Roche, ed., <i>Register of the Privy Council, 1542-1547</i>, vol. 1 (1890), p.444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dasent, John Roche, ed., <i>Register of the Privy Council, 1547-1550</i>, vol.2 (1890), pp.469-470, 499, 501-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bain, Joseph, ed., <i>Calendar of State Papers Scotland</i>, vol.1 (1898), p.92 no.187, p.101 no.204, p.193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland</i>, vol. 8, HMSO, (1982), 66-67, no. 397:<a href="/wiki/James_Melville_of_Halhill" title="James Melville of Halhill">James Melville of Halhill</a>, <i>Memoirs</i>, (1929), 225: Humfrey, Barwick, <i>A breefe discourse, concerning the force and effect of all manuall weapons of fire</i>, London (1592), p.21, describes how Kirkcaldy ran <i>Euers or Ewrie</i> through with a spear despite his armour: Holinshed, <i>Chronicles: Scotland</i>, vol.5 (1808), 585, Ralph Eure brother to Lord Eure.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; 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