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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%C3%B3_(sacerdot_norr%C3%A8)" title="Godó (sacerdot norrè) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Godó (sacerdot norrè)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gode_(pr%C3%A6st)" title="Gode (præst) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gode (præst)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godentum" title="Godentum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Godentum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodi" title="Goodi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Goodi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_(%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="گودی (مقام) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گودی (مقام)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%94%94" title="고디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0or%C3%B0sma%C3%B0ur" title="Goðorðsmaður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Goðorðsmaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%B0i" title="Goði – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goði" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B8" title="ゴジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gode" title="Gode – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gode" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godi" title="Godi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Godi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Годи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Годи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Priest or tribal Scandinavian leader</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Goði" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Godi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Godi (disambiguation)">Godi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Offering_by_Lund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Offering_by_Lund.jpg/250px-Offering_by_Lund.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Offering_by_Lund.jpg/375px-Offering_by_Lund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Offering_by_Lund.jpg/500px-Offering_by_Lund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> leading the people in sacrificing to <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> in this painting by <a href="/wiki/J._L._Lund" class="mw-redirect" title="J. L. Lund">J. L. Lund</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gothi</b> or <b><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span></b> (plural <b><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span></b>, fem. <b><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">gyðja</i></span></b>; <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a>: <b><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">guþi</i></span></b>) was a position of political and social prominence in the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a>. The term originally had a religious significance, referring to a <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> leader responsible for a religious structure and communal feasts, but the title is primarily known as a secular political title from medieval <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word derives from <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goð</i></span>, meaning "god".<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It possibly appears in <a href="/wiki/Ulfilas" title="Ulfilas">Ulfilas</a>' <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a> <a href="/wiki/Codex_Argenteus" title="Codex Argenteus">translation of the Bible</a> as <span title="Gothic-language romanization"><i lang="got-Latn">gudja</i></span> for "priest", although the corresponding form of this in <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> would have been an unattested <span title="Icelandic-language text">*<i lang="is">gyði</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-gothi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gothi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, there is one surviving attestation in the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse form</a> <span title="North Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gmq">gudija</i></span> from the Norwegian Nordhuglo <a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">runestone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rundata" title="Rundata">Rundata</a> N KJ65 U),<sup id="cite_ref-gotiska_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotiska-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the later Old Norse form <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">guþi</i></span> from three Danish runestones: DR 190 Helnæs, DR 192 Flemløse 1 and <a href="/wiki/Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">DR 209 Glavendrup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-duwel_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duwel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a few placenames, such as <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Gudby</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a>, Sweden, that probably retain the name.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, there are no further surviving attestations except from Iceland where the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> would be of historical significance.<sup id="cite_ref-gothi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gothi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainland_Scandinavia">Mainland Scandinavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mainland Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:26em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Ragnhildr placed this stone in memory of Alli the Pale, <i>guþi</i> of the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9_(shrine)" title="Vé (shrine)">sanctuary</a>, honourable <i><a href="/wiki/Thegn" title="Thegn">þegn</a></i> of the retinue. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Inscription from the <a href="/wiki/Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">Glavendrup stone</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>From the pagan era in mainland Scandinavia, the only sources for the title are runestones. The Norwegian Nordhuglo stone from around AD 400 seems to place the title in opposition to magic, using a word related to the Old Norse <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">gandr</i></span>. The inscription's <span title="North Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gmq-NO">Ek gudija ungandiz</i></span> means "I, <span title="North Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gmq-NO">gudija</i></span>" followed by "he who is immune to sorcery" or "he who does not engage in sorcery".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three Danish stones are all from <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a>. The early <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> Helnæs and Flemløse 1 stones provide no details about the function of a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">guþi</i></span>, but mention a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">guþi</i></span> named Roulv whose name also appears on two other runestones, the lost Avnslev stone and the Flemløse 2 stone. The early 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">Glavendrup stone</a> uses the term for a local dignitary who was associated with a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9_(shrine)" title="Vé (shrine)">vé</a></i></span>, which is a religious structure. It thus attaches the title to a simultaneously <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">secular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_stratification" title="Religious stratification">religious upper strata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-duwel_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duwel-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most reliable sources about the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> in Iceland are the <a href="/wiki/Gray_Goose_Laws" title="Gray Goose Laws">Gray Goose Laws</a>, the <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></i></span> and the <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/Sturlunga_saga" title="Sturlunga saga">Sturlunga saga</a></i></span>. After the <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">settlement of Iceland</a>, a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">hofgoði</i></span> was usually a wealthy and respected man in his district, for he had to maintain the communal hall or <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">hof</a></i></span> in which community religious observances and feasts were held. The office over which a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> had leadership was termed a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span>, a word that only appears in Icelandic sources.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially many independent <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> were established, until they united under the <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a> around 930. In 964, the system was fixed under a constitution that recognized 39 <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span>. The role of the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> as secular leaders is shown in how the word was used synonymously with <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">höfðingi</i></span>, meaning <i>chieftain</i>. Over time, and especially after 1000, when the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Christian conversion occurred in Iceland</a>, the term lost all religious connotations and came to mean <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">liege-lord</a> or chieftain of the Icelandic Commonwealth.<sup id="cite_ref-gothi_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gothi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> could be bought, shared, traded or inherited. If a woman inherited a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> she had to leave the leadership to a man.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office was in many respects treated as private property but was not counted as taxable, and is defined in the Gray Goose Laws as "power and not wealth" (<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">veldi er þat en æigi fe</i></span>); nevertheless the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> are frequently portrayed in the <a href="/wiki/Sagas_of_Icelanders" title="Sagas of Icelanders">sagas</a> as concerned with money and expected to be paid for their services.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Icelandic Commonwealth, the responsibilities of a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> or <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorðsmaður</i></span> ("<span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> man") included the annual organization of the local assemblies <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">várþing</i></span> in the spring and <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">leið</i></span> in the autumn. At the national Althing, they were voting members of the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Lögrétta</i></span>, the legislative section of the assembly. When quarter courts were introduced in the 960s, the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> became responsible for nominating judges for the Althing courts. When a court of appeals was established in the early 11th century, they also nominated judges for this court. Further, they had a few formal and informal executive roles, such as confiscating the property of outlaws. They also had a central role in the <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Redistribution of wealth">redistribution of wealth</a>, by holding feasts, giving gifts, making loans, extending hospitality, as well as pricing and helping to distribute imported goods.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The holder of the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr Arnarson</a>, the first Scandinavian to settle permanently in Iceland, had the ceremonial role of sanctifying the Althing each year, and was called the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Allsherjargo%C3%B0i" title="Allsherjargoði">allsherjargoði</a></i></span> ("all-people <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span>").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The followers of a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> were called <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">þingmenn</i></span>. Every <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3ndi" title="Bóndi">free landowner</a> in possession of a certain amount of property was required to be associated with a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span>, although he was free to choose which one—a <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> was not a geographical unit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> would help his <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">þingmenn</i></span> to bring cases before the court and to enforce their rights, and the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">þingmenn</i></span> would in return provide the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span> with armed manpower for his feuds and carry out legal sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 13th century, all the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> were controlled by five or six families and often united under office holders who in modern studies are known as <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">storgoðar</i></span> ("great <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span>") or <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">storhöfðingjar</i></span> ("great chieftains"). These <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> struggled for regional and sometimes national power, and occasionally sought to become retainers for the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norwegian king</a>. The institution came to an end when the major <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðar</i></span> pledged <a href="/wiki/Fealty" title="Fealty">fealty</a> to king <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a> in 1262–1264, signing the <a href="/wiki/Old_Covenant_(Iceland)" title="Old Covenant (Iceland)">Old Covenant</a>, and the Norwegian crown abolished the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> system.<sup id="cite_ref-byock_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byock-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neopaganism">Neopaganism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neopaganism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1970s, the words <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span>, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goðorð</i></span> and <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Allsherjargo%C3%B0i_(%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0)" title="Allsherjargoði (Ásatrúarfélagið)">allsherjargoði</a></i></span> were adopted by the Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">neopagan</a> organization <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélagið</a></i></span>. Following this, <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">goði</i></span>, <span title="North Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gmq">godi</i></span> or <span title="North Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gmq">gothi</i></span> is often used as a priestly title by modern adherents of various denominations of <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic neopaganism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestav%C3%ADg" title="Hestavíg">Hestavíg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">Sacred king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingmen" title="Thingmen">Thingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkhv" title="Volkhv">Volkhv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitki">Vitki</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-byock-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byock_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byock, Jesse L. (1993). "Goði". Entry in <i>Medieval Scandinavia, an Encyclopedia</i> (Phillip Pulsiano, ed.), 230–231. Garland: NY and London, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-4787-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-4787-7">0-8240-4787-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gothi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gothi_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gothi_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gothi_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/png/oi_cleasbyvigfusson/b0208.png"><i>An Icelandic-English dictionary</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cleasby" title="Richard Cleasby">Richard Cleasby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudbrand_Vigfusson" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudbrand Vigfusson">Gudbrand Vigfusson</a> (1874) p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gotiska-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gotiska_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The article <i>gotiska</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedin</a></i> (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duwel-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duwel_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duwel_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaus Düwel (2008). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lW3WRfV09HIC&pg=PA69">Runen als Phänomen der oberen Schichten</a>". <i>Studien zu Literatur, Sprache und Geschichte in Europa</i>. p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellquist, Elof. (1966). <i>Svensk etymologisk ordbok</i>. C.W.K. Gleerups förlag, Lund. p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm">Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk</a> <a href="/wiki/Rundata" title="Rundata">Rundata</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terje Spurkland (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1QDKqY-NWvUC&pg=PA49">Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions</a>. p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunnar Karlsson, Goðamenning. Investigation of the role of the goðar (chieftains) in the Old Commonwealth period. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9979-3-2553-4" title="Special:BookSources/9979-3-2553-4">9979-3-2553-4</a>. ISK 4990. (2004)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/go%C3%B0i" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:goði">goði</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Aðalsteinsson, Jón Hnefill (1998). "<i>Blót</i> and <i>Þing</i>: The Function of the Tenth-Century <i>Goði</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>, in <i>A Piece of Horse Liver: Myth, Ritual and Folklore in Old Icelandic Sources</i>, 35–56. Reykjavik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9979-54-264-0" title="Special:BookSources/9979-54-264-0">9979-54-264-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_practices_and_worship_in_Germanic_paganism108" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_paganism" title="Template:Germanic paganism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germanic_paganism" title="Template talk:Germanic paganism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic_paganism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic paganism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_practices_and_worship_in_Germanic_paganism108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religious practices and worship in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blessing" title="Blessing">Bless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsabl%C3%B3t" title="Dísablót">Dísablót</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_in_Germanic_mythology" title="Template:Death in Germanic mythology">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdr" title="Galdr">Galdr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallow">Hallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorrabl%C3%B3t" title="Þorrablót">Þorrablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeress_(Germanic)" title="Seeress (Germanic)">Seeress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_German_spells" title="Template:Old German spells">Spell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbel" title="Symbel">Symbel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Veneration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dísir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">Landdísir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vættir">Vættir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic paganism">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic_wooden_cult_figurines_of_Central_and_Northern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe">Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externsteine" title="Externsteine">Externsteine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminsul" title="Irminsul">Irminsul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trollkyrka" title="Trollkyrka">Trollkyrka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upp%C3%A5kra_temple" title="Uppåkra temple">Uppåkra temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9_(shrine)" title="Vé (shrine)">Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hof_%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagsins" title="Hof Ásatrúarfélagsins">Hof Ásatrúarfélagsins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manheim_(hof)" title="Manheim (hof)">Manheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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