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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osobine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Osobine</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fizičke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizičke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fizičke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizičke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemijske" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijske"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hemijske</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemijske-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Izotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasprostranjenost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasprostranjenost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rasprostranjenost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasprostranjenost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobijanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobijanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dobijanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dobijanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upotreba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upotreba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Upotreba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upotreba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spojevi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spojevi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spojevi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spojevi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Spojevi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spojevi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oksidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Oksidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_spojevi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_spojevi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Drugi spojevi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_spojevi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiziologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiziologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fiziologija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fiziologija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Fiziologija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fiziologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toksikologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toksikologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Toksikologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toksikologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volfram</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 146 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ተንግስተን – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተንግስተን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنجستن – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنجستن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DD%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تونݣستين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تونݣستين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنجستن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تنجستن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframiu" title="Volframiu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Volframiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wungel" title="Wungel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Wungel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A9n" title="Tungstén – balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tungstén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolpramyo" title="Wolpramyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wolpramyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вальфрам – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вальфрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вальфрам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вальфрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="টাংস্টেন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টাংস্টেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཊང་སི་ཊན། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཊང་སི་ཊན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_(tungsten)" title="Wolfram (tungsten) – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wolfram (tungsten)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8" title="Tungstè – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tungstè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AC_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframyo" title="Wolframyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wolframyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تەنگستن – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەنگستن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu – korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twngsten" title="Twngsten – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twngsten" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βολφράμιο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολφράμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframo" title="Volframo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volframo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframio" title="Wolframio – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wolframio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنگستن – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنگستن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframi" title="Volframi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volframi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tungstène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstan" title="Tungstan – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tungstan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstan" title="Tungstan – škotski galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tungstan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframio" title="Volframio – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volframio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="ટંગસ્ટન – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ટંગસ્ટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="טונגסטן – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טונגסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfr%C3%A1m" title="Volfrám – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volfrám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վոլֆրամ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլֆրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%83%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վոլփրամ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վոլփրամ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframo" title="Wolframo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wolframo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="タングステン – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タングステン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jarjinme" title="jarjinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jarjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფრამი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლფრამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94%C5%8Bk%C9%A9s%C9%A9t%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟಂಗ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಂಗ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%85%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%90" title="텅스텐 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텅스텐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongsten" title="Tongsten – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tongsten" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframium" title="Wolframium – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wolframium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframas" title="Volframas – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volframas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframs" title="Volframs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volframs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Вольфрама – mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вольфрама" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongstena" title="Tongstena – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tongstena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="တန်စတင် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တန်စတင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8n" title="Tungstèn – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tungstèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%27framu" title="Vol'framu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vol'framu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%A8" title="ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ – odija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਟੰਗਸਟੰਨ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੰਗਸਟੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongsten" title="Tongsten – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tongsten" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ٹنگسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹنگسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%86" title="ټونگسټن – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټونگسټن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tungstênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulpharamyu" title="Wulpharamyu – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wulpharamyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframu" title="Wolframu – arumunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Wolframu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱴᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱴᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu – sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfr%C3%A1m" title="Volfrám – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Volfrám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteni" title="Tungsteni – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tungsteni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframi" title="Wolframi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wolframi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தங்குதன் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தங்குதன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="టంగ్‌స్టన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టంగ్‌స్టన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99" title="ทังสเตน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทังสเตน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olframyo" title="Olframyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Olframyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – tuvinijski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ۋولفرام – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋولفرام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ٹنگسٹن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹنگسٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%27fram" title="Vol'fram – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vol'fram" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам – kalmik" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="וואלפראם – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלפראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframu" title="Wolframu – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wolframu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" title="鎢 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鎢" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" title="鎢 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鎢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmZithowe" title="UmZithowe – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmZithowe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Volfram" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Volfram"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Volfram"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Volfram" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Volfram" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&oldid=3605091" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Volfram&id=3605091&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVolfram"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVolfram"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Volfram"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Volfram&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Volfram,  <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">74</span></sub>W</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tungsten_element.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tungsten_element.jpg/180px-Tungsten_element.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tungsten_element.jpg/270px-Tungsten_element.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tungsten_element.jpg/360px-Tungsten_element.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Volfram u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sistemu</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display: inline-block; margin: 0 auto;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Vodik (H), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helij (He), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Litij (Li), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Berilij (Be), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Ugljik (C), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Dušik (N), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Kisik (O), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrij (Na), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnezij (Mg), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminij (Al), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicij (Si), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Fosfor (P), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Sumpor (S), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Hlor (Cl), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalij (K), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Kalcij (Ca), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Skandij (Sc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titanij (Ti), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadij (V), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Hrom (Cr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Željezo (Fe), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Kobalt (Co), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nikl (Ni), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Bakar (Cu), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Cink (Zn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Galij (Ga), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanij (Ge), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Kripton (Kr), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidij (Rb), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Stroncij (Sr), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Itrij (Y), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Cirkonij (Zr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niobij (Nb), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molibden (Mo), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Tehnecij (Tc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Rutenij (Ru), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rodij (Rh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Paladij (Pd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Srebro (Ag), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Kadmij (Cd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indij (In), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Kalaj (Sn), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Telur (Te), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Jod (I), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Ksenon (Xe), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Cezij (Cs), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barij (Ba), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">↓</a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnij (Hf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Volfram (W), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Renij (Re), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmij (Os), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridij (Ir), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platina (Pt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Zlato (Au), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Živa (Hg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Talij (Tl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Olovo (Pb), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bizmut (Bi), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonij (Po), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francij (Fr), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radij (Ra), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>↓</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Raderfordij (Rf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnij (Db), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Siborgij (Sg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Borij (Bh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hasij (Hs), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Majtnerij (Mt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmštatij (Ds), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rendgenij" title="Rendgenij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Rendgenij (Rg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Kopernicij (Cn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonij (Nh), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovij (Fl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moskovij (Mc), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorij (Lv), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenesin (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganeson (Og), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:14px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lantan (La), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cerij (Ce), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Prazeodij (Pr), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodij" title="Neodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodij (Nd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Prometij (Pm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarij (Sm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europij (Eu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinij (Gd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbij (Tb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Disprozij (Dy), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmij (Ho), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbij (Er), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Tulij (Tm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Iterbij (Yb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutecij (Lu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Aktinij (Ac), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Torij (Th), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protaktinij (Pa), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uranij (U), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunij (Np), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonij (Pu), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americij (Am), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Kirij (Cm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelij (Bk), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Kalifornij (Cf), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Ajnštajnij (Es), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermij (Fm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevij (Md), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelij (No), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lorensij (Lr), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">Hemijski element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_simbol" title="Hemijski simbol">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">Atomski broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Volfram, W, 74</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijska_serija" title="Hemijska serija">Serija</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal">Prelazni metali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">Grupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata">Perioda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6, 6, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Izgled</th><td class="infobox-data">sivo-bijeli sjajni metal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zastupljenost</th><td class="infobox-data">6,4 · 10<sup>-3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> %</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Atomske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">Atomska masa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">183,84 <a href="/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase">u</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">Atomski radijus</a> (izračunat)</th><td class="infobox-data">135 (193) pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kovalentni radijus</th><td class="infobox-data">162 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsov_radijus" title="Van der Waalsov radijus">Van der Waalsov radijus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">- pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>14</sup>5d<sup>4</sup>6s<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Broj elektrona</a> u <a href="/wiki/Energetski_nivo" title="Energetski nivo">energetskom nivou</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">770 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">1700 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Fizikalne osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje">Agregatno stanje</a></th><td class="infobox-data">čvrsto</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohsova_skala_tvrdo%C4%87e" title="Mohsova skala tvrdoće">Mohsova skala tvrdoće</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">Kristalna struktura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kubična prostorno centrirana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">Gustoća</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19300<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">Magnetizam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">paramagnetičan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">Tačka topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3695 K (3422 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ta%C4%8Dka_klju%C4%8Danja" title="Tačka ključanja">Tačka ključanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6203<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> K (5930 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molarni_volumen" title="Molarni volumen">Molarni volumen</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,47 · 10<sup>-6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_isparavanja" title="Toplota isparavanja">Toplota isparavanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">774<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_topljenja" title="Toplota topljenja">Toplota topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35,4 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pritisak_pare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pritisak pare (stranica ne postoji)">Pritisak pare</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,27 <a href="/wiki/Mjere_za_pritisak" title="Mjere za pritisak">Pa</a> pri 3680 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5174 m/s pri 293,15 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_toplota" title="Specifična toplota">Specifična toplota</a></th><td class="infobox-data">138 J/(kg · K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Specifična električna provodljivost">Specifična električna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18,52 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Simens" title="Simens">S</a>/m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_provodljivost" title="Toplotna provodljivost">Toplotna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">170 W/(m · K)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Hemijske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">Oksidacioni broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>6</b>, 5, 4, 3, 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektrodni_potencijal" title="Elektrodni potencijal">Elektrodni potencijal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">-0,119 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (WO<sub>2</sub> + 4H<sup>+</sup> + 4e<sup>-</sup> → W + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,36 (Pauling-skala)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izotopi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izo</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Rasprostranjenost_u_prirodi" title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi">RP</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">t<sub>1/2</sub></a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">RA</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Energija_raspada" title="Energija raspada">ER</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>)</small></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Produkt_raspada" title="Produkt raspada">PR</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>178</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 21,6 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>0,091</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><sup>178</sup>Ta</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>179</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 37,05 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>1,060</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><sup>179</sup>Ta</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>180</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>0,13 % </p> </td> <td> 1,08 • 10<sup>18</sup> <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">god</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfa-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa-zraci">α</a></td> <td>2,516</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij"><sup>176</sup>Hf</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>181</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 121,2 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>0,188</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><sup>181</sup>Ta</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>182</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>26,3 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>183</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>14,3 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>184</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>30,67 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>185</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 75,1 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>0,433</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><sup>185</sup>Re</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>186</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>28,6 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>187</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 23,72 <a href="/wiki/Sat_(jedinica)" title="Sat (jedinica)">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>1,311</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><sup>187</sup>Re</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>188</sup>W</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 69,4 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>0,349</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><sup>188</sup>Re</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Sigurnosno obavještenje</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Oznake_upozorenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Oznake upozorenja">Oznake upozorenja</a><br /> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; background-color:transparent;" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; width:72px; line-height:1.2em; background-color:transparent; font-weight:bold; padding-bottom:3px;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hazard_F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahko zapaljivo"><img alt="Lahko zapaljivo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/70px-Hazard_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/105px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/140px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> F<br /><span style="line-height:1.1em; font-size:80%;">Lahko zapaljivo</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Obavje%C5%A1tenja_o_riziku_i_sigurnosti" title="Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti">Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti</a></th><td class="infobox-data">R: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Lahko zapaljivo.">11</span><br />S: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Za gašenje požara koristiti ... (navesti tačan tip aparata za gašenje. Ako gašenje vodom povećava opasnost dodati">43</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><small>Ako je moguće i u upotrebi, koriste se <a href="/wiki/Osnovne_SI_jedinice" title="Osnovne SI jedinice">osnovne SI jedinice</a>.<br />Ako nije drugačije označeno, svi podaci dobijeni su mjerenjima u normalnim uvjetima.</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Volfram</b> [<span title="Ovo je transkripcija u međunarodnu fonetsku abecedu (IPA)" class="IPA">ˈvɔlfram</span>] je <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">hemijski element</a> sa simbolom <b>W</b> i <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskim brojem</a> 74. Spada u <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal">prelazne metale</a>. U periodnom sistemu elemenata stoji u <a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata">VI B</a> grupi odnosno <i>grupi hroma</i>. Volfram je srebreni sjajni metal, u svom čistom stanju je krhak teški metal, velike <a href="/wiki/Relativna_gusto%C4%87a" title="Relativna gustoća">relativne gustoće</a>. Među svim metalima (u čistom stanju) ima najvišu tačku topljenja i drugu najvišu tačku ključanja. Njegova napoznatija upotreba je kao žareća nit (filament) u <a href="/wiki/Sijalica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sijalica">sijalicama</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Već u 16. vijeku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freiberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freiberg (stranica ne postoji)">frajberški</a> mineralog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgius_Agricola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgius Agricola (stranica ne postoji)">Georgius Agricola</a> je opisao pronalazak minerala među rudom kalaja iz <a href="/wiki/Saksonija" title="Saksonija">Saksonije</a>, koji je prilično otežavao dobijanje kalaja jer je povećavao udio šljake u rudi. Upravo dio njegovog imena <i>volf</i> (njem. Wolf - vuk) je izveden iz ove osobine, jer je taj mineral doslovno <i>jeo</i> rudu kalaja poput <i>vuka</i>. Da li se tada radilo o mineralu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volframit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volframit (stranica ne postoji)">volframitu</a> čak ni danas nije sa sigurnošću poznato, jer je on opisivao lahkoću tog minerala. Agicola je taj mineral nazvao <i>lupi spuma</i>, što na latinskom znači otprilike <i>vučja pjena</i>. Kasnije je nazvan <i>volfram</i>, iz srednjenjemačkog <i>rām</i>, otpad, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ca%C4%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čađ (stranica ne postoji)">čađ</a>, jer se crnosivi metal vrlo lahko mogao samljeti i tada je izgledom podsjećao na čađ.<sup id="cite_ref-kluge_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kluge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Njegov međunarodni hemijski simbol <b>W</b> je izveden iz njemačkog <i>Wolfram</i>. </p><p>U engleskom, italijanskom i francuskom jeziku, ovaj metal se naziva <i>tungsten</i> što je izvedeno iz švedskog <i>Tung Sten</i>, doslovnog značenja <i>teški kamen</i>. Međutim, u švedskom jeziku u to vrijeme, volfram se nije nazivao tim imenom, nego <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcij-volframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcij-volframat (stranica ne postoji)">kalcij-volframat</a>. U njemu je njemačko-švedski hemičar <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> 1781. godine otkrio do tada nepoznatu so. Čisti volfram su dobili 1783. godine španski naučnici braća <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fausto_Elhuyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fausto Elhuyar (stranica ne postoji)">Fausto</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Elhuyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan José Elhuyar (stranica ne postoji)">Juan José Elhuyar</a>, vođeni Scheeleovim otkrićima, putem redukcije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-trioksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-trioksid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram-trioksida</a>, a kojeg su dobili iz volframita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osobine">Osobine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Osobine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Osobine"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fizičke"><span id="Fizi.C4.8Dke"></span>Fizičke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Fizičke"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fizičke"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volfram je srebreni, sjajni metal, u čistom stanju se lahko izvlači. Ima veoma veliku gustoću, tvrdoću i čvrstoću. Gustoća volframa je gotovo ravna gustoći <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlata</a>, a Brinelova tvrdoća mu iznosi 250 HB. Otpornost na izvlačenje volframa iznosi od 550-620 N/mm<sup>2</sup> do 1920 N/mm.<sup id="cite_ref-katalog_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katalog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metal egzistira u stabilnoj kubičnoj-prostorno centriranoj α modifikaciji sa parametrom rešetke od 316 pm pri sobnoj temperaturi.<sup id="cite_ref-tungsten.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tungsten.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ova vrsta kristalne strukture se često naziva i <i>volframska vrsta</i>. Kod neke supstance za koju se kaže da ima <i>metastabilnu β-modifikaciju</i> volframa (izobličenu kubičnu prostorno-centriranu), radi se zapravo o oksidu bogatim volframom W<sub>3</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-wiberg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volfram ima najvišu <a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">tačku topljenja</a> od 3422 °C kao i najvišu tačku ključanja od 5930 °C<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> od svih hemijskih elemenata. Jedino se <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a> ne topi, ali na temperaturi od 3642 °C sublimira direktno u gasovito stanje. </p><p>Volfram je supraprovodnik pri kritičnoj temperaturi od oko 15 mK.<sup id="cite_ref-wiberg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hemijske">Hemijske</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Hemijske"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hemijske"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volfram je hemijski vrlo otporan metal, kojeg na sobnoj temperaturi ne napadaju kiseline poput <a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia">zlatotopke</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Fluoridna_kiselina" title="Fluoridna kiselina">fluoridne kiseline</a>. Međutim, može se rastvoriti u smjesi fluoridne i <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1i%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Dušična kiselina">dušične kiseline</a> te u istopljenoj smjesi alkalnih nitrata i karbonata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izotopi">Izotopi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Izotopi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Izotopi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poznata su 33 <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopa</a> volframa i pet <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_izomer" title="Nuklearni izomer">nuklearnih izomera</a>. Od njih se samo pet izotopa javlja u prirodi: <sup>180</sup>W, <sup>182</sup>W, <sup>183</sup>W, <sup>184</sup>W i <sup>186</sup>W. Izotop volframa <sup>184</sup>W je najviše zastupljen u prirodi. Svih pet prirodnih izotopa bi, teoretski, mogli biti nestabilni, pošto se tokom CRESST eksperimenta 2004. godine u <i>Laboratoriji nazionali del Gran Sasso</i> došlo do popratnog rezultata pri potrazi za <a href="/wiki/Tamna_materija" title="Tamna materija">tamnom materijom</a> da se izotop <sup>180</sup>W raspada <a href="/wiki/Alfa-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa-zraci">alfa-raspadom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cristina_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cristina-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U tom eksperimentu izračunato je njegovo vrijeme poluraspada od 1,8 triliona godina, a takav raspad se u normalnim laboratorijskim uslovima nije mogao dokazati. <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">Radioaktivnost</a> ovog prirodnog izotopa je tako malehna, da se za sve praktične svrhe može potpuno zanemariti. Pretpostavljeno vrijeme poluraspada kod druga četiri prirodna izotopa bi, po današnjem stanju nauke, moglo biti još i duže, oko osam triliona godina. Vještački radioaktivni izotopi volframa imaju vrlo kratka vremena poluraspada i kreću se od 0,9 ms kod <sup>185</sup>W do 121,2 dana kod <sup>181</sup>W. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rasprostranjenost">Rasprostranjenost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Rasprostranjenost"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Rasprostranjenost"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg/190px-Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg/285px-Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg/380px-Wolframite_from_Portugal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Volframit iz Portugala</figcaption></figure> <p>Udio volframa u Zemljinoj kori se kreće oko 0,0001 g/t<sup id="cite_ref-dtv_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> odnosno oko 0,0064 posto po težini. Do danas ovaj metal nije pronađen u <a href="/wiki/Samorodni_elementi" title="Samorodni elementi">samorodnom obliku</a> u prirodi. Međutim, ruska akademija nauka je 1995. godine objavila izvještaj o postojanju samorodnog volframa, mada to otkriće nije potvrđeno od strane Međunarodne minerološke organizacije (IMA) i njene komisije za nove minerale, nomenklaturu i klasifikaciju (CNMNC).<sup id="cite_ref-uwsau_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwsau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poznati su mnogi <a href="/wiki/Minerali" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerali">minerali</a> volframa, uglavnom oksida te volframata. Najvažnije rude volframa su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volframit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volframit (stranica ne postoji)">volframit</a> (Mn, Fe)WO<sub>4</sub> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0elit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šelit (stranica ne postoji)">šelit</a> CaWO<sub>4</sub>. Osim njih, postoje i drugi volframovi minerali poput štolcita PbWO<sub>4</sub> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuneptit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuneptit (stranica ne postoji)">tuneptita</a> WO<sub>3</sub> · H<sub>2</sub>O. </p><p>Najveća svjetska nalazišta volframa nalaze se u <a href="/wiki/Narodna_Republika_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna Republika Kina">Kini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruu</a>, SAD-u, Koreji, Boliviji, <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstanu</a>, Rusiji, Austriji i <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugalu</a>. U Njemačkoj, volframova ruda može se pronaći u "Rudnom gorju" <a href="/wiki/Erzgebirge" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzgebirge">Erzgebirge</a>. Dokazane i vjerovatne svjetske rezerve čistog volframa iznose oko 2,9 miliona tona. U Evropi najpoznatije nalazište volframa nalazi se u dolini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felbertal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felbertal (stranica ne postoji)">Felbertal</a> u austrijskoj saveznoj pokrajini <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_(pokrajina)" title="Salzburg (pokrajina)">Salzburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dobijanje">Dobijanje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Dobijanje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Dobijanje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svjetska proizvodnja čistog volframa 2006. godine iznosila je 73.300 tona<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ubjedljivo najveći svjetski proizvođač volframa je Kina, gdje se proizvodi više od 80% ovog metala. Države sa najvećom proizvodnjom volframa u 2006. godini bile su:<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rang </th> <th>Država </th> <th>Proizvedena količina<br />(u tonama godišnje) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a></td> <td align="right">62.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a></td> <td align="right">4.500 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></td> <td align="right">2.500 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrija</a></td> <td align="right">1.350 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="right">900 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja">Sjeverna Koreja</a></td> <td align="right">600 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivija" title="Bolivija">Bolivija</a></td> <td align="right">530 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">8</td> <td>ostale države</td> <td align="right">900 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Kristali volframa visoke čistoće</figcaption></figure> <p>Volfram se ne može dobiti <a href="/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Redoks reakcija">redukcijom</a> sa ugljom iz oksidnih ruda, jer tom reakcijom nastaje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-karbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-karbid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram-karbid</a>. </p><p>Dodavanjem rastvora amonijaka nastaje kompleks u obliku amonij-paravolframata (APW). On se isfiltrira iz rastvora i zatim se na temperaturi 600 °C pretvara u relativno čisti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-trioksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-trioksid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram-trioksid</a>. Žarenjem se iz njega dobija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram(VI)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram(VI)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram(VI)-oksid</a> (WO<sub>3</sub>) koji se pri temperaturi od 800 °C u atmosferi <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a> reducira do čeličnosivog volframa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {WO_{3}+3\ H_{2}\longrightarrow W+3\ H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {WO_{3}+3\ H_{2}\longrightarrow W+3\ H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/251eea4f098e39924e993a9d66d4080ff7a75350" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:29.306ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {WO_{3}+3\ H_{2}\longrightarrow W+3\ H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ovim postupkom nastaje sivi prah volframa, koji se najčešće zgrušnjava u kalupima te se sinteruje u šipke pomoću električne struje. Na temperaturama preko 3400 °C kompaktni metal volframa se može istopiti u posebnim elektrolučnim pećima u reduciranoj atmosferi vodika.<sup id="cite_ref-abbildung_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbildung-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upotreba">Upotreba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Upotreba"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Upotreba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oko 90% svjetske proizvodnje volframa se koristi za proizvodnju ferovolframa odnosno volframovog čelika.<sup id="cite_ref-spektrum_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spektrum-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volframov čelik (visokolegirani čelik volframom) se osnovni materijal za alatne čelike. Volfram u njima služi za stvaranje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-karbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-karbid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram-karbida</a> da bi se pri upotrebi povećala njihova sekundarna čvrstoća. Zbog svoje visoke tačke topljenja, volfram je jedan od najznačajnijih materijala za proizvodnju volfram-<a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">molibden</a> legura za lopatice turbina u takozvanoj <i>hot-sekciji</i> turbine u svakom pogonskom motoru mlaznih aviona. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Filament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Filament.jpg/220px-Filament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Filament.jpg/330px-Filament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Filament.jpg/440px-Filament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Početak žareće niti</figcaption></figure> <p>Najpoznatija upotreba čistog volframa je u industriji rasvjetnih tijela i sijalica kao filament (žareća nit) u <a href="/wiki/Sijalica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sijalica">sijalicama</a> i kao <a href="/wiki/Elektroda" title="Elektroda">elektroda</a> u gasnim lampama i elektronskim cijevima. </p><p>U sijalicama najviše dolazi do izražaja što je <a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Specifična električna provodljivost">električna provodljivost</a> volframa značajno niža nego kod drugih provodničkih metala poput <a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">bakra</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">aluminija</a>. Pri tome se tanke žareće niti od volframa toliko usiju, da emituju jako svijetlo, dok se kod debljih provodnika od drugih provodničkih materijala gotovo ikako zagriju. </p><p>Zbog njegove velike gustoće, koristi se kao zaštita od zračenja. Iako ima veću gustoću a time i bolje štiti od zračenja od <a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">olova</a>, ali se u ove svrhe mnogo manje koristi od njega, jer je dosta skuplji i teže se obrađuje od olova. Iz istog razloga velike gustoće volframa, koristi se u nekim svjetskim vojskama za proizvodnju jezgra projektila u obliku volfram karbida umjesto osiromašenog <a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">uranija</a> koji je u vojno-tehničkom pogledu smrtonosniji, ali je ujedno i radioaktivan i otrovan. U <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugom svjetskom ratu</a> Njemačka je prvi put koristila <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dki_penetrator" title="Kinetički penetrator">kinetički penetrator</a> napravljen od volframa, a i danas se on koristi u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundeswehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundeswehr (stranica ne postoji)">Bundeswehru</a>. Nacistički režim se snažno zalagao da dođe do velikih količina volframa kojeg su smatrali važnim za ratne svrhe. U to vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> je izvozio volfram i Saveznicima i Njemačkoj.<sup id="cite_ref-zeit.de_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeit.de-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volfram se može primijeniti i kao materijal za aparature u hemijskim postrojenjima, jer je vrlo otporan na <a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">koroziju</a>. Međutim, njegova primjena u te svrhe je relativno rijetka, jer se volfram vrlo slabo može obrađivati. Da bi se predmet od volframa zavario, neophodno je koristiti laserske ili elektronske zrake. Slične poteškoće proizilaze pri upotrebi volframa u oblasti medicinske tehnike. </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija">fiziologiji</a>, a naročito u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofiziologija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurofiziologija (stranica ne postoji)">neurofiziologiji</a> volfram se koristi za mikroelektrode za vanćelijsku odvodnju. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:GTAW-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/GTAW-de.svg/220px-GTAW-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/GTAW-de.svg/330px-GTAW-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/GTAW-de.svg/440px-GTAW-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Zavarivanje volframom u intertnoj atmosferi (GTAW)</figcaption></figure> <p>Osim toga, elektrode za <a href="/wiki/Zavarivanje" title="Zavarivanje">zavarivanje</a> se izrađuju od volframa, naprimjer kada je potrebno zavariti predmet od bakra, bronze ili <a href="/wiki/Mesing" title="Mesing">mesinga</a>. Osim toga elektrode u univerzalnom GTAW procesu zavarivanja (zavarivanje volframom u atmosferi inertnog gasa) napravljene su od volframa ili neke njegove <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legure</a>. Te elektrode se pri procesu zavarivanja ne tope. Svjetlosni luk koji nastaje pri zavarivanju gori u obliku <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazma">plazme</a> u zaštitnoj atmosferi između elektrode i predmeta koji se zavaruje. Materijal kojim se ispunjavaju šupljine odvojeno se dodaje u obliku štapića. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tungsten_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tungsten_ring.jpg/220px-Tungsten_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tungsten_ring.jpg/330px-Tungsten_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tungsten_ring.jpg/440px-Tungsten_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>Prsten (nakit) od volfram karbida</figcaption></figure> <p>U sportu volfram je našao primjenu u izradi visoko vrijednih drški strelica za <a href="/wiki/Pikado" title="Pikado">pikado</a>, vrhova strijela u streličarstvu, glava čekića za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacanje_kladiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacanje kladiva (stranica ne postoji)">bacanje kladiva</a>, da bi se smanjio otpor zraka i promjer rotacije. U <a href="/wiki/Formula_1" title="Formula 1">Formuli 1</a> dodatna težina bolida se postiže stavljanjem volframskih ploča, da bi se, po pravilima za <a href="/wiki/Formula_1_-_sezona_2013." class="mw-redirect" title="Formula 1 - sezona 2013.">sezonu 2013</a>., zadovoljila minimalna težina bolida (uključujući gorivo, kočione i rashladne tekućine, sa vozačem i njegovom opremom) koja iznosi 642 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-fia2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fia2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nedavno su se počeli koristiti stabilizatori <a href="/wiki/Jedrilica" title="Jedrilica">jedrilica</a> načinjeni od volframa, da bi se smanjio otpor vode u odnosu na klasične stabilizatore od olova ili lijevanog željeza. Pored toga već postoje <a href="/wiki/Teniski_reket" title="Teniski reket">teniski reketi</a> u čije se okvire od ugljika ubacuju vlakna od volframa. Time se mogu tačno određeni dijelovi rama reketa dodatno stabilizirati te poboljšati preciznost udarca. </p><p>Zbog slične gustoće volframa i zlata, postoje brojni izvještaji da se volfram često koristi za falsificiranje zlatnih poluga, tako što se jezgro od volframa oblaže tankim slojem zlata.<sup id="cite_ref-vorsicht_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vorsicht-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kod mušičarenja (<a href="/wiki/Ribolov" title="Ribolov">ribolov</a>) umjetni mamci poput <i>nimfi</i> ili <i>kedera</i> se otežavaju volframskim utezima da bi mamci prije i dublje potonuli. </p><p>Strune za muzičke instrumente se jednim dijelom ojačavaju volframom, da bi im se povećala težina i na taj način smanjila visina tona. </p><p>Volfram je našao primjenu i u rendgenskoj dijagnostici kao ciljni materijal na anodi. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K_{\alpha }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K_{\alpha }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6ca9405cf5ff6853e2d32bd48b6c8350df16d2eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.257ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K_{\alpha }}"></span>- i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K_{\beta }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K_{\beta }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/04b130f76d709d2b6dedeaba3caba3f8e0e2dcaf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.147ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K_{\beta }}"></span> linije karakterističnog <a href="/wiki/Rendgensko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Rendgensko zračenje">rendgenskog zračenja</a> iznose 59 keV odnosno 67 keV. </p><p>U rasterskoj tunelskoj mikroskopiji volfram se često koristi kao materijal za vrhove sondi. </p><p>Početkom 21. vijeka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-karbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-karbid (stranica ne postoji)">volfram-karbid</a> pogrešno nazvan volfram, prerađuje se kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakit (stranica ne postoji)">nakit</a> (<i>tungstenov nakit</i>) u obliku prstenja. Ovo se vrlo lahko može provjeriti mjerenjem njegove gustoće i čvrstoće. Volfram karbid (WC) ima Mohsovu tvrdoću od 9,5 dok čisti volfram ima 7,5. Do danas se gotovo sav nakit koji se ovako deklarira izrađuje od volfram-karbida. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spojevi">Spojevi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Spojevi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Spojevi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksidi">Oksidi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Oksidi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Oksidi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volfram gradi mnoge okside.<sup id="cite_ref-remy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Između početnog člana: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-trioksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-trioksid (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram(VI)-oksida WO<sub>3</sub></a> – limun žute boje</li></ul> <p>i krajnjeg člana: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-dioksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-dioksid (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram(IV)-oksida WO<sub>2</sub></a> – smeđe boje</li></ul> <p>postoje još sljedeći intermedijarni oksidi: </p> <ul><li>W<sub>10</sub>O<sub>29</sub> plavoljubičast, homogenitetna oblast WO<sub>2,92</sub>-WO<sub>2,88</sub></li> <li>W<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> crvenoljubičast, homogenitetna oblast WO<sub>2,76</sub>-WO<sub>2,73</sub></li> <li>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub>, WO<sub>2,72</sub>, crvenoljubičasti kristalni prah. Poluprovodnik, gustoće 7,72 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, kristalne strukture: deformirani tip DO<sub>6</sub>, monoklinski, prostorne grupe P2/m (a = 1832 pm, b = 379 pm, c = 1404 pm, ß = 115,2°).<sup id="cite_ref-dtv_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>W<sub>20</sub>O<sub>50</sub>, WO<sub>2,50</sub></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugi_spojevi">Drugi spojevi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Drugi spojevi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Drugi spojevi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrij-volframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrij-volframat (stranica ne postoji)">Natrij-volframat</a> Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirkonij-volframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirkonij-volframat (stranica ne postoji)">Cirkonij-volframat</a> ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> pri zagrijavanju pokazuje anomaliju gustoće.</li> <li>Volfram oksid hidroksid određenog sastava i sa oksidacijskim brojevima između 5 i 6 je plave boje. Oni se općenito nazivaju <i>volframsko plavo</i>, a nerijetko se u mnogi slučajevima zamjenjuje sa <i>molibden plavom</i>. Volframsko plavo služi i kao indikator prisutnosti volframata iz kojih i nastaje putem redukcije.<sup id="cite_ref-remy_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram_bronza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram bronza (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram bronza</a> M<sub>x</sub>WO<sub>3</sub>; gdje je <i>M</i>= alkalni, zemnoalkalni metal ili lantanoid, oko 0,3 < x < 0,9 posjeduje osobine električne provodljivosti i intenzivno je obojen u zavisnosti od udjela metala.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcij-volframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcij-volframat (stranica ne postoji)">Kalcij-volframat</a> CaWO<sub>4</sub> je poznat kao mineral pod nazivom <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0elit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šelit (stranica ne postoji)">šelit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-karbid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-karbid (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram-karbid</a> WC je ekstremno tvrdi spoj metalnog izgleda i osobina. Osim njega postoji još i divolfram karbid W<sub>2</sub>C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-heksafluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-heksafluorid (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram-heksafluorid</a> WF<sub>6</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olovo-volframat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olovo-volframat (stranica ne postoji)">Olovo-volframat</a> PbWO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram-disulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volfram-disulfid (stranica ne postoji)">Volfram-disulfid</a> WS<sub>2</sub> našao je upotrebu kao sredstvo za suho podmazivanje (slično kao MoS<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiziologija">Fiziologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Fiziologija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Fiziologija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volfram se smatra pozitivnim bioelementom naročito u enzimima koje stvara anaerobna <a href="/wiki/Bakterija" title="Bakterija">bakterija</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubacterium_acidaminophilum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubacterium acidaminophilum (stranica ne postoji)">Eubacterium acidaminophilum</a></i> u obliku kofaktora. <i>E. acidaminophilum</i> je bakterija koja ima sposobnost prerađivanja nekih <a href="/wiki/Aminokiselina" title="Aminokiselina">aminokiselina</a>, gdje ona koristi volfram u enzimima formiat-dehidrogenazi i aldehid-dehidrogenazi. U ovim organizmima volfram zamjenjuje <a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">molibden</a>, jer je volfram daleko rasprostranjeniji u njenom prirodnom okruženju (vulkanskim kraterima na morskom dnu).<sup id="cite_ref-rauh_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rauh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fobi96_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fobi96-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bevers_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevers-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toksikologija">Toksikologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Toksikologija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Toksikologija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Po sadašnjem stanju nauke, volfram i njegovi spojevi se smatraju fiziološki bezopasni. Slučajevi <a href="/wiki/Rak_plu%C4%87a" title="Rak pluća">karcinoma pluća</a> koji su zabilježeni kod radnika u preradi i obradi metala volframa, pripisani su uvijek prisutnom <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobaltu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cdc22_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdc22-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U eksperimentima na životinjama dokazano je da najveći dio volframa i volframovih spojeva koji se unesu peroralno u organizam, vrlo brzo se izluče putem <a href="/wiki/Urin" class="mw-redirect" title="Urin">urina</a>. Samo mali dio volframa dospijeva u krvnu plazmu i tamo prelazi u <a href="/wiki/Crvene_krvne_%C4%87elije" class="mw-redirect" title="Crvene krvne ćelije">eritrocite</a>. Konačno, volfram putem krvi dolazi do kostiju i <a href="/wiki/Bubreg" title="Bubreg">bubrega</a> i tamo se deponuje. Čak i tri mjeseca nakon unošenja volframa u organizam najveći dio unijetog volframa i dalje se može dokazati sadržan u kostima.<sup id="cite_ref-kazantzis_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kazantzis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U gradu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fallon_(Nevada)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fallon (Nevada) (stranica ne postoji)">Fallon</a> u <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevadi</a> 2003. godine otkriveno je 16 slučajeva djece koja su od 1997. godine oboljela od <a href="/wiki/Leukemija" title="Leukemija">leukemije</a>, a u gradu Sierra Vista u <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizoni</a> bilo je devet takvih slučajeva. U tom području, nazvanim <i>karcinomsko žarište</i>, odnosno lokalno područje sa nadprosječnim brojem slučajeva pojave karcinoma, dokazano je da je voda za piće imala izuzetno visoke koncentracije volframa. Nakon istrage, u urinu osoba sa tog područja dokazane su značajno povećane koncentracije volframa. Oba grada su poznata po svojim nalazištima rude volframa.<sup id="cite_ref-bericht3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bericht3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pressetext_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pressetext-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U ispitivanjima koja su trajala gotovo godinu dana, CDC (<i>Centar za kontrolu bolesti</i>) nije uspio dokazati direktnu uzajamnu vezu između volframa i slučajeva leukemije. Volfram ni u jednom testu nije pokazao kancerogeno djelovanje, a u drugim gradovima u Nevadi kod osoba sa sličnim nivoima volframa u urinu nije dijagnosticiran nijedan slučaj raka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-binder_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarry_H._Binder1999" class="citation book cs1">Harry H. Binder (1999). <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-7776-0736-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-7776-0736-3"><bdi>3-7776-0736-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+chemischen+Elemente&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=S.+Hirzel+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-7776-0736-3&rft.au=Harry+H.+Binder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenwood-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greenwood_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFN._N._Greenwood;_A._Earnshaw1988" class="citation book cs1">N. N. Greenwood; A. Earnshaw (1988). <i>Chemie der Elemente</i> (1 izd.). Weinheim: VCH. str. 1291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-527-26169-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-527-26169-9"><bdi>3-527-26169-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemie+der+Elemente&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pages=1291&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=VCH&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=3-527-26169-9&rft.au=N.+N.+Greenwood%3B+A.+Earnshaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhang-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks</i>. u: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 56, 2011, str. 328–337, <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fje1011086">10.1021/je1011086</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kluge-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kluge_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFElmar_Seebold2002" class="citation book cs1">Elmar Seebold, ured. (2002). <i>Kluge: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache</i> (24 izd.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. str. 995–996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-11-017473-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-11-017473-1"><bdi>3-11-017473-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kluge%3A+Etymologisches+W%C3%B6rterbuch+der+deutschen+Sprache&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=995-996&rft.edition=24&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-11-017473-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-katalog-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-katalog_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodfellow.com/G/Wolfram.html">Wolfram - online Katalog - Lieferant von Materialien in kleinen Mengen fuer die Forschung - Goodfellow</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408080035/http://www.goodfellow.com/G/Wolfram.html">Arhivirano</a> 8. 4. 2014. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tungsten.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tungsten.com_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tungsten.com/mtstung.html">Tungsten Properties</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiberg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wiberg_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiberg_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holleman-Wiberg: <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i>, 101. izd.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cristina-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cristina_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cristina Cozzini et al, <i>Detection of the natural α decay of tungsten</i>, Physical Review C (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0408006">preprint</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtv-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dtv_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtv_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Breuer2000" class="citation book cs1">Hans Breuer (2000). <i>dtv-Atlas Chemie, Band 1</i> (9 izd.). dtv-Verlag. str. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-423-03217-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-423-03217-0"><bdi>3-423-03217-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=dtv-Atlas+Chemie%2C+Band+1&rft.pages=243&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=dtv-Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-423-03217-0&rft.au=Hans+Breuer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwsau-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uwsau_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf">IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names – Tungsten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130626060238/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01">Arhivirano</a> 26. 6. 2013. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (engl, PDF; str. 290)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/tungsten/tungsmcs07.pdf">Wolfram bei usgs mineral Resources</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abbildung-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abbildung_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pse-mendelejew.de/wolfram/">Abbildung zonengeschmolzene Wolfram Stücke</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316133111/http://pse-mendelejew.de/wolfram/">Arhivirano</a> 16. 3. 2014. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spektrum-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spektrum_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wissenschaft-online.de/artikel/615287"><i>Wolfram.</i> u: <i>Lexikon der Chemie.</i></a> Spektrum Akad. Verl., www.wissenschaft-online.de-Internetportal, bez godine izdanja (internet-verzija).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zeit.de-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zeit.de_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408082800/http://www.zeit.de/literatur/220103">"zeit.de"</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/literatur/220103">originala</a>, 8. 4. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zeit.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fliteratur%2F220103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fia2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fia2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/12/11/fia-publishes-updated-f1-rules-2013/">FIA publishes new F1 rules for 2013 and 2014</a>, 11. decembar 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vorsicht-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vorsicht_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manager-magazin.de/finanzen/artikel/0,2828,825899,00.html">"Vorsicht Fälschung, Wolfram im Goldmantel"</a>. manager magazin online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. 10. 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vorsicht+F%C3%A4lschung%2C+Wolfram+im+Goldmantel&rft.pub=manager+magazin+online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manager-magazin.de%2Ffinanzen%2Fartikel%2F0%2C2828%2C825899%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Nepoznati parametar <code class="cs1-code">|datum=</code> zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remy-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-remy_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remy_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich Remy: <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie Band II</i>, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig Leipzig 1961, str. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rauh-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rauh_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rauh D et al. <i>Tungsten-containing aldehyde oxidoreductase of Eubacterium acidaminophilum.</i>, u <i>Eur J Biochem</i>, 271/2004, str. 212–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fobi96-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fobi96_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200850/http://www.verwaltung.uni-halle.de/dez5/fobi96/FB607/F60703j.htm">"Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, <i>Wolframat-Aufnahme Gram-positiven anaeroben Bakterien</i>, 23. novembar 2007"</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verwaltung.uni-halle.de/dez5/fobi96/FB607/F60703j.htm">originala</a>, 4. 3. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 17. 3. 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin-Luther-Universit%C3%A4t+Halle-Wittenberg%2C+Wolframat-Aufnahme+Gram-positiven+anaeroben+Bakterien%2C+23.+novembar+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verwaltung.uni-halle.de%2Fdez5%2Ffobi96%2FFB607%2FF60703j.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bevers-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bevers_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBevers_LE,_Hagedoorn_PL,_Hagen_WR2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bevers LE, Hagedoorn PL, Hagen WR (2009). "The bioinorganic chemistry of tungsten". <i>Coord. Chem. Rev</i>. <b>253</b>: 269–290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coord.+Chem.+Rev.&rft.atitle=The+bioinorganic+chemistry+of+tungsten&rft.volume=253&rft.pages=269-290&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Bevers+LE%2C+Hagedoorn+PL%2C+Hagen+WR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdc22-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cdc22_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603154713/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp186.html#bookmark07">"Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry: Toxicologic Profile for Tungsten, 22. februar 2009"</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp186.html#bookmark07">originala</a>, 3. 6. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 17. 3. 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+%26+Disease+Registry%3A+Toxicologic+Profile+for+Tungsten%2C+22.+februar+2009.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Ftoxprofiles%2Ftp186.html%23bookmark07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AVolfram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kazantzis-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kazantzis_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Kazantzis i Per Leffler, u: <i>Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (3. izd.)</i>, 2007, str. 871–879.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bericht3-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bericht3_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/medizin_gesundheit/bericht-16232.html">Izvještaj od 4. februara 2003, <i>Wolfram für die Entstehung von Leukämie mitverantwortlich?</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pressetext-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pressetext_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressetext.at/pte.mc?pte=030204030">"Pressetext Austria" od 4. februara 2003, <i>Wolfram verändert Leukämie-Zellen</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volfram&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td 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href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a 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