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itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqd1sF6Zo5csF-CWXuI_UKIO5ZfJ5_IN4vGE8eQCStqJ9xp8GaGBBoByvQDSBVX9Ul0dyAnv2s5MjPht1Z9iyQjPcrKEMU8qalQt3IYVfjEtFrVYK6bqPP3jXaEEAvtaYGNnBCUxW2YZQR/s320/mini_wave_projector.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6798368475920876945' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='9137601928163180104' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='9137601928163180104'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/sensory-spaces-on-cheap.html'>Sensory Spaces on the Cheap</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-9137601928163180104' itemprop='articleBody'> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqd1sF6Zo5csF-CWXuI_UKIO5ZfJ5_IN4vGE8eQCStqJ9xp8GaGBBoByvQDSBVX9Ul0dyAnv2s5MjPht1Z9iyQjPcrKEMU8qalQt3IYVfjEtFrVYK6bqPP3jXaEEAvtaYGNnBCUxW2YZQR/s1600/mini_wave_projector.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqd1sF6Zo5csF-CWXuI_UKIO5ZfJ5_IN4vGE8eQCStqJ9xp8GaGBBoByvQDSBVX9Ul0dyAnv2s5MjPht1Z9iyQjPcrKEMU8qalQt3IYVfjEtFrVYK6bqPP3jXaEEAvtaYGNnBCUxW2YZQR/s320/mini_wave_projector.jpg" width="258" /></a>A <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="commenter:0" grmarkguid="e244ee14-704b-4b50-8428-6eda0f9f658e" gruiphraseguid="2811144e-d7c9-4851-aa19-17b819235eb1">commenter</span> let me know that my 2007 and 2008 Sensory Room on the Cheap posts were out of date, so I thought I would give it another go.<br /> <br /> Before you go crazy buying or making things for a sensory space please consider carefully things like how much space you have, how sturdy/unbreakable things need to be for your students and what will the purpose of your sensory space be?  If your students need help being alert and interactive a soothing white room with soft glowing lights may not be the best idea and a room with expensive lights and decor may not be a great idea for a student who needs to "get his wiggles out".  Think about your purpose before you purchase!  Consider a theme to unify the room or space so it doesn't look thrown together - "The Ocean", "Beach" and "Space" might all work well!<br /> <br />  I should also mention that the American Academy of Pediatrics and others have warned that <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2012/05/23/peds.2012-0876">Sensory Integration Therapy</a> does not (yet) have a research base behind it.  <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="Multisensory:0" grmarkguid="a7e90edf-1402-474c-9981-165da0192ba3" gruiphraseguid="b9fdbadc-ed44-4643-ae3a-b041780adfb2">Multisensory</span> Enviroments (aka Snozelen Spaces) also<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11926258?dopt=Abstract"> do not have a preponderance of evidence behind them</a> (this is because most of the research is done by those who create and sell the systems).  That being said creating an engaging, soothing or otherwise specialized space for your students at school or your child at home can be rewarding.  It is up to the teacher (or parent or therapist) to collect baseline and intervention related data to determine if the space is helpful.<br /> <br /> Ideas for a Your Purpose<br /> <br /> Soothing Space<br /> <br /> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="soft:0" grmarkguid="d0ad865d-65f0-4d50-8d47-ff48434adac4" gruiphraseguid="439373de-c213-4f20-a1b5-d4422deab9ff">soft</span>, body conforming seating</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="white:0" grmarkguid="a2b8cefe-7431-4a4e-b361-435ed5052e76" gruiphraseguid="1ef1bb4f-95dc-45d3-8d4f-ddaf270bce02">white</span> or pastel walls, seating and decor</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="soft:0" grmarkguid="578e7d5c-549c-4cb8-9189-f17990409473" gruiphraseguid="42f84c64-10f8-4337-9729-addc280c8074">soft</span> music</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="gentle:0" grmarkguid="862621d6-4860-4635-9a47-610646869aaf" gruiphraseguid="db55a680-f61c-4e71-bf7b-cd806b7ce998">gentle</span>, glowing lights</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="swings:0" grmarkguid="ffc1276c-4075-4d2b-abd2-1f7ea807a265" gruiphraseguid="8b5a2a3f-b473-459e-aa31-267f4bad929f">swings</span></li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="rocking:0" grmarkguid="04e3cd7b-76ab-4e3f-b011-d865fff30132" gruiphraseguid="7d0ade3b-f588-4f86-8148-5f597cac8cc4">rocking</span> chairs</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="calming:0" grmarkguid="39ff5e1f-81a8-4fb1-a0fe-94ec5ad2d4bf" gruiphraseguid="c3c6feb8-bf5f-4866-89c2-b59992cdb4a0">calming</span> scents</li> </ul> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1txaWKitbbldOHGsI9Y-YH9hu5SqeCU7AjzoQ78ntauPRFQMcNLOEsO_Fkq6zbaUJybdl46FS8rrQlZ_-7RhTj8z2-rlJg1J6UbhmIpTpGrM1mUNSUjZw1pTY7rq9ubRjR5I6cw463Sj2/s1600/Wedding-lights-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1txaWKitbbldOHGsI9Y-YH9hu5SqeCU7AjzoQ78ntauPRFQMcNLOEsO_Fkq6zbaUJybdl46FS8rrQlZ_-7RhTj8z2-rlJg1J6UbhmIpTpGrM1mUNSUjZw1pTY7rq9ubRjR5I6cw463Sj2/s1600/Wedding-lights-150x150.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tulle:0" grmarkguid="d76441e8-4cea-4d1b-886e-27ee9a260698" gruiphraseguid="38f69c71-93b1-4aaa-8b2e-f9c2eb18f330">tulle</span> with white string lights down the middle</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> Heavy Work and Vestibular Stimulation</div> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="ball:0" grmarkguid="963039c3-d3c6-405c-ba80-80ad3f5de70c" gruiphraseguid="f7eec0e1-25b8-419a-9e2c-cc7f5476588b">ball</span>/crash pits</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="lycra:0" grmarkguid="596d28db-4890-4d75-8637-f242fcb32be5" gruiphraseguid="759ad86f-5b7c-4a45-af65-adf95056c905">lycra</span> heavy work tubes</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="mini:0" grmarkguid="2d2e44ec-7a8e-4895-9599-d8992964752f" gruiphraseguid="b688839c-03b1-4619-a89b-1923abc44b14">mini</span>-trampolines and other bouncing toys</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="spinning:0" grmarkguid="2ff1cd14-845c-4388-b757-5157bec03462" gruiphraseguid="d81a7ab8-583b-4ee6-881b-b3bc038a6ec7">spinning</span> toys</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="adjustable:0" grmarkguid="79c6c2c9-2cd1-4995-9ea5-f18127973eb6" gruiphraseguid="6c15da21-d59d-4be8-900d-54f7050e70a9">adjustable</span> lighting</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="diffented:0" grmarkguid="e4569b72-04dd-4a31-ba47-93c2abbd4b83" gruiphraseguid="15234068-69c4-42fe-9541-c0e58c6e9de0">diffented</span> music</li> </ul> <div> For Increasing Use of Functional Vision</div> </div> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="dark:0" grmarkguid="d170cbee-fce9-4f27-aff5-9273bde412c0" gruiphraseguid="65356f8e-6db7-4392-aeef-febf63b1e5b8">dark</span> walls</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="black:0" grmarkguid="eaacc309-738a-40b3-9956-fcddb6374d34" gruiphraseguid="70dff2cc-8a8f-4513-a826-3f4caa854af2">black</span> lights</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="bright:0" grmarkguid="46933586-0666-4c72-be73-0524fe4d869c" gruiphraseguid="5a460ef8-a949-4128-b3ce-ca6639947db2">bright</span> glowing lights</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="things:0" grmarkguid="0e936cda-a4ee-44d3-b599-777b60bcfd17" gruiphraseguid="9155776e-18e0-46bc-86f9-25b031f044b5">things</span> which move <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="for:1" grmarkguid="29a1d9e8-63aa-4238-9d0b-014b28cc3234" gruiphraseguid="9155776e-18e0-46bc-86f9-25b031f044b5">for</span> using visual tracking</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="projectors:0" grmarkguid="0336b9b1-7c0a-4899-a212-da2714df7f0d" gruiphraseguid="2bb2503c-ce05-4726-aa1c-aa94dc1fc540">projectors</span></li> </ul> <div> For Increasing Alertness/Movement</div> </div> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="bright:0" grmarkguid="715943ca-6845-4346-bff6-c18aaf19cd85" gruiphraseguid="3cece6eb-81fd-45ff-973c-8611df80c13b">bright</span> colors</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="things:0" grmarkguid="64bab93d-64cc-410e-94b0-122a4ef21e32" gruiphraseguid="49a4fe7c-d3f5-4880-90c6-fc99cbe3f130">things</span> which move and draw attention</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="moving:0" grmarkguid="e1afb897-c26e-479e-bc17-0a04b9c11add" gruiphraseguid="a57b735d-fc6e-43a7-86db-cce01a0e1bc0">moving</span> seating</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="switch:0" grmarkguid="05855c10-6888-4f45-a2a1-1bdf96438738" gruiphraseguid="91f30131-42a9-443c-9947-fd2ab9a083ff">switch</span> activated/interactive toys</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="alerting:0" grmarkguid="eacc1015-68df-47b1-8be1-8f1a87af42ac" gruiphraseguid="982f0d0c-11a2-4926-8a58-6e1c073f3ba7">alerting</span> music</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="stimulating:0" grmarkguid="fddb1bb6-371f-4f2b-8503-2c5a9de657e0" gruiphraseguid="83cabbf0-e3fe-4982-8675-8e946b7a6ba5">stimulating</span> scents</li> </ul> </div> <br /> <br /> Products Under $150<br /> <br /> Lights<br /> <br /> <ul><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht05ObuZthwz2uWuHdmTibvTY1C-M32Watl6efhiQUFnQp5R1CcfcLGaJTr7zITWQovAbUWI0FPUrmVn03VS5nQcqp6ch6_11AdOBm0mA3_EfFQmdgUd55yz_ewmaio1btajJqP_oinVEA/s1600/dioder-multipurpose-lighting__0118365_PE273979_S4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht05ObuZthwz2uWuHdmTibvTY1C-M32Watl6efhiQUFnQp5R1CcfcLGaJTr7zITWQovAbUWI0FPUrmVn03VS5nQcqp6ch6_11AdOBm0mA3_EfFQmdgUd55yz_ewmaio1btajJqP_oinVEA/s320/dioder-multipurpose-lighting__0118365_PE273979_S4.JPG" width="320" /></a> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Westminster-2473-Rotating-Fiber-Optic/dp/B002GD16Q6/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1356135389&sr=8-1&keywords=fiber+optic"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="rotating:0" grmarkguid="7f5defc9-0e41-4e56-93f0-947e6fc61dfb" gruiphraseguid="0855d16c-53b4-48d2-b332-fdba35a22e5d">rotating</span> fiber optic lamp</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Star-Light-Designer-Fiber-Optic/dp/B000H9E6WC/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3/002-8629037-5090444?ie=UTF8&s=home-garden&qid=1173049912&sr=8-3"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="star:0" grmarkguid="9711ee73-d4f3-4912-9e94-0d72416df6f5" gruiphraseguid="05f29250-d05f-4e3b-8d78-52a008a6cbb3">star</span> light fiber optic lamp</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.shopgetorganized.com/item/electric_color_wheel/30887"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="electric:0" grmarkguid="e091486f-aa62-428d-8992-3c77a12adec9" gruiphraseguid="3a6121b2-66bf-4b22-bb9b-b914739ce0ae">electric</span> color wheel</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thinkwedding.com/umbrellas.htm#60_in_Golf_Umbrellas"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="white:0" grmarkguid="43c565a9-eb08-4ad6-848e-893982a99a6c" gruiphraseguid="acece4bb-e625-469d-9139-8b33d5e65f29">white</span> umbrellas</a> (project onto them - beautiful!)</li> <li><a href="http://www.lamplust.com/space-projector-light-mathmos-p-195.html"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="oil:0" grmarkguid="54242ab5-63bc-4e02-adac-a575a46a4a1c" gruiphraseguid="9ef06168-468f-4055-934a-2bf9d2cb6cb2">oil</span> light projector</a> (Mathmos)</li> <li><a href="http://www.hammacher.com/Product/83255?cm_cat=ProductSEM&cm_pla=AdWordsPLA&source=PRODSEM"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="serene:0" grmarkguid="aa50accd-0da3-4406-b396-1b2d95170052" gruiphraseguid="fdcb8274-2aaa-4767-80c2-f274db4ea1d1">serene</span> jellyfish aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.affordablequalitylighting.com/indoor-lighting/rope-lights?gclid=CM3l4s7hrLQCFQSf4AodNlkA-A"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="rope:0" grmarkguid="5ce0de84-8d7a-4747-8e39-e7e6081a9c78" gruiphraseguid="24914ba2-ece1-4769-926b-f57024451683">rope</span> lights</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.coolstuffcheap.com/rainbow-raindrop.html"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="raindrop:0" grmarkguid="189be744-2cad-4fa4-b497-ae325dd17da8" gruiphraseguid="35d2470c-f3d6-4adf-8a85-70402298fe46">raindrop</span> glow lights</a></li> <li><a href="http://shop.gessato.com/shop-by-brand-kyouei-design-c-115_149/color-light-dvd-p-444"><span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="Colorlight:0" grmarkguid="d721057b-c0c0-41c0-b8e5-f698c7695306" gruiphraseguid="a805b2b9-049b-4284-9c86-a85578f70a8e">Colorlight</span> DVD</a> (turns your <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="flatscreen:1" grmarkguid="0559440e-bb56-4ed4-bd73-ce60aa6c7008" gruiphraseguid="a805b2b9-049b-4284-9c86-a85578f70a8e">flatscreen</span> into a glowing light)</li> <li><a href="http://glowproducts.com/ledcandleproducts/ledlampstar/"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="glow:0" grmarkguid="47805da3-bc72-4b39-ab86-18876f0f7b69" gruiphraseguid="62fef2a5-6673-4e8f-a203-de489aff27d0">glow</span> blocks</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/80192378/">IKEA <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="dioder:0" grmarkguid="cf8c25d6-849f-4438-a4ba-fc9997cd82b0" gruiphraseguid="1aed50f8-566c-4208-9dab-18b92ee87ad8">dioder</span> glow lights</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.infmetry.com/diy-romantic-star-projector"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="star:0" grmarkguid="0e09ba81-61d2-43b8-8dfc-1895b918c2ca" gruiphraseguid="8748442c-e634-427c-9dfb-ca320830819b">star</span> projector</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.infmetry.com/popular-products/mini-wave-projector"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="mini:0" grmarkguid="87b66dcb-080e-4456-a646-5c1a98496f40" gruiphraseguid="fff32c74-0cf0-4a72-8cbe-829c08b9fb50">mini</span> wave projector</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.wayfair.com/Midwest-Tropical-Fountain-Water-Panel-3-4-gal.-style-WP-2-L174-K~MTF1001.html?refid=SW49-MTF1001"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="bubble:0" grmarkguid="c2327ad0-86a4-406d-bfd2-873cfd0b9f9c" gruiphraseguid="6f054160-35ff-4079-94d7-c986a99c4c7c">bubble</span> wall</a> (ok, it is a little over $200, but these usually run into the thousands)</li> </ul> <div> Decorations</div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.walltat.com/Mirror-Reflective-Line-Graphic-2-p/rf-%2016.13.htm"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="reflective:0" grmarkguid="014eb2df-cd6f-4f10-9da4-df89bdf29c69" gruiphraseguid="6264e082-e914-45c3-86b3-49f958f1f78d">reflective</span> wall decals</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.daycaremall.com/mirrors1.html"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="shatter:0" grmarkguid="d3c1bfeb-8746-4484-94b6-44e0c38ab959" gruiphraseguid="4b786a80-a461-4bde-b438-52812589e5c5">shatter</span> proof mirrors</a></li> </ul> <div> Equipment and Seating</div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.kaplanco.com/store/trans/productDetailForm.asp?CatID=12%7CGO1017%7C0&PID=98306"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="bounce:0" grmarkguid="460ae101-60ad-46bf-a170-42af4ca986a1" gruiphraseguid="8c761a8c-dc56-4789-acd5-56a1204468cf">bounce</span> safe mini tramp</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.kmart.com/shc/s/p_10151_10104_004W015759610001P?sid=KDx01192011x000001&srccode=cii_17588969&cpncode=32-207002049-2"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="sit:0" grmarkguid="41b195dd-2134-4b13-a2a2-07d3d1972823" gruiphraseguid="24ec4173-a0c5-45b6-9b59-cd9db7a122b4">sit</span> and spin</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/40100253/">IKEA children's swivel chair</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/00065497/">IKEA suspended chair</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.amysbeanbags.com/"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="bean:0" grmarkguid="2449b40b-054b-42c8-a4b5-9db2479c61ea" gruiphraseguid="2ac97524-468c-4611-af21-637b6ad1c137">bean</span> bag chairs</a> (including white)</li> <li><a href="http://www.myhammock.com/proddetail.asp?prod=AHC30-JUMBO&gclid=COzGmojtrLQCFUOK4AodzgwAYA"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="hammock:0" grmarkguid="860b4307-a532-4b0f-b2da-9f68ce04ec9a" gruiphraseguid="e235b9da-7e9d-4612-892b-1d5999adc568">hammock</span> chair</a></li> </ul> <br /> <br /> DIY - Do It Yourself Ideas<br /> <br /> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.metacafe.com/watch/2628792/make_a_light_up_bubble_tube/">Make a Light-up Bubble Tube</a></li> <li><a href="http://sarahontheblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/hula-hoop-chandelier.html">Hula-Hoop and Icicle Lights Chandelier</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-An-Infinity-Mirror/">Make an Infinity Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="http://mikeayresdesign.co.uk/index.php/symbols.html">Print Picture Symbols</a> </li> <li><a href="http://www.maryellencroteau.net/mec_website/galleries/Pages/bottle_caps.html#5">Bottle Caps Wall Hanging</a></li> <li><a href="http://playathomemom3.blogspot.com/2011/07/diy-sensory-swing.html?spref=tw">Platform Swing</a></li> </ul> <div> How Others Have Made Sensory Spaces</div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.growingajeweledrose.com/2012/03/blacklight-themed-sensory-play-date-set.html">Growing a Jeweled Rose's Blacklight Sensory Room</a></li> <li><a href="http://cupofautism.blogspot.com/2012/03/sensory-stuff.html">Cup of Autism's Sensory Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.akmayes.com/2011/05/therapy-tuesday-our-sensory-therapy.html">Red Letter Living's Sensory Therapy Room</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/archives/1512">Freddy's Sensory Room</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Inexpensive Companies Worth a Try</div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.cheapnovelty.com/">Cheap Novelty</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.plasmaled.com/">Plasma LED</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.noveltylights.com/">Novelty Lights</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.jumpingballs.com/">Jumping Balls</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ikea.com/">IKEA</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/sensory-spaces-on-cheap.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/sensory-spaces-on-cheap.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-21T21:00:00-05:00'>9:00:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/sensory-spaces-on-cheap.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 3 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/9137601928163180104' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span 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sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=9137601928163180104&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=9137601928163180104&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=9137601928163180104&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Wednesday, December 12, 2012</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzFm8KDBdtMmBOPDRCE2ENVIBLiJt5OhmrvPMJsNsaiAYQgVJK4b2dQQlR5X5IHf9M76DkhSq8QqrVv0tnYwcxmiPSHt-9inWaQ_-yv79AJFatfySSD__biKb1YpiRrMZ1XNq_gApndbf/s320/Capture.PNG' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6798368475920876945' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='8064378960773428605' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='8064378960773428605'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/picture-symbol-support-on-ipad.html'>Picture Symbol Support on the iPad</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8064378960773428605' itemprop='articleBody'> <h2><br /></h2><h2>Update May 2022 - Symbol Support Text has been proven not to prove much, if any aid to comprehension and to be detrimental to learning to read.  This post is keep up for historical purposes.  Please don't use symbol supported text.</h2><h2> Use an App</h2> <h3> <a href="http://appshopper.com/education/widgit-discover-victorians">Widgit Discover </a></h3> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzFm8KDBdtMmBOPDRCE2ENVIBLiJt5OhmrvPMJsNsaiAYQgVJK4b2dQQlR5X5IHf9M76DkhSq8QqrVv0tnYwcxmiPSHt-9inWaQ_-yv79AJFatfySSD__biKb1YpiRrMZ1XNq_gApndbf/s1600/Capture.PNG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzFm8KDBdtMmBOPDRCE2ENVIBLiJt5OhmrvPMJsNsaiAYQgVJK4b2dQQlR5X5IHf9M76DkhSq8QqrVv0tnYwcxmiPSHt-9inWaQ_-yv79AJFatfySSD__biKb1YpiRrMZ1XNq_gApndbf/s320/Capture.PNG" width="320" /></a></div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="stories:0" grmarkguid="fc48482a-208e-482a-90d6-1fec031fceb2" gruiphraseguid="ac6ae586-31a4-4b4b-86ce-1d37a1e248ca">stories</span> on three levels - text, symbol supported and simple symbol supported</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="text:0" grmarkguid="804a23d4-805e-4daf-a3b5-7d5d5800b02b" gruiphraseguid="7eedcb77-5e1a-4929-a0d8-10ef0e8825aa">text</span>-to-speech to read back stories and questions</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="vocabulary:0" grmarkguid="2a45f6e6-15c8-4daa-bff3-1c67bc656001" gruiphraseguid="4d40901d-8841-4fb5-9bfa-5e051af09dd5">vocabulary</span> support</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="vocabulary:0" grmarkguid="7db28988-c0a4-4122-9058-f57cc49add7a" gruiphraseguid="73c68c1b-0528-410b-8751-01aa142a4e76">vocabulary</span> flashcards</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="currently:0" grmarkguid="e25b7bec-8d7b-44b9-a101-8a9e66465324" gruiphraseguid="aa17dfc9-59e7-4be5-89a5-3488c52c4a07">currently</span> available for three topics Tudors, Egyptians, Victorians</li> <li>$9.99 Each</li> </ul> <h3> <a href="http://www.attainmentcompany.com/symbolsupport-app">Attainment Symbol Support App</a></h3> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="this:0" grmarkguid="86a51dc1-e8a3-48f3-b232-d9058ec6a6b0" gruiphraseguid="d461a6f0-cf53-4939-8fe9-1ccb2c1cdcd0">this</span> app is <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="add:1" grmarkguid="8a85fef0-e029-46c1-b734-818a2b530c6d" gruiphraseguid="d461a6f0-cf53-4939-8fe9-1ccb2c1cdcd0">add</span> picture symbols to text as you type (think Writing with Symbols, Symbolate on Boardmaker or SymWriter)</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="the:0" grmarkguid="a3ac9bfb-2e39-4e5f-b933-c92fc7a92b00" gruiphraseguid="a8b4e7e2-5c12-4c56-826f-94aa6682a577">the</span> teacher could create text and save for the student to read, if needed</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="e-mail:0" grmarkguid="4cc8c7ce-b3f3-47de-b3ee-5ae5fa93278c" gruiphraseguid="b309738f-27e1-485e-9d8b-db22c2782494">e-mail</span> or save as PDF</li> <li>$59.99 (coming soon)</li> </ul> <h3> Use a PDF </h3> </div> <div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvaLlW4-eQv83cK_dFLBPJ7LqTX7qn3DpwbPNjsq95i3lsib_peEAUyqCyKK7q7teH8MnTs2mm4UBsWgldRHgJqNRn6PeDwcAMgdyEpv_9PTj8a_71dDsmc5dYfuZfZynkqIkcCR2_8NgO/s1600/symbolworld.preview.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvaLlW4-eQv83cK_dFLBPJ7LqTX7qn3DpwbPNjsq95i3lsib_peEAUyqCyKK7q7teH8MnTs2mm4UBsWgldRHgJqNRn6PeDwcAMgdyEpv_9PTj8a_71dDsmc5dYfuZfZynkqIkcCR2_8NgO/s320/symbolworld.preview.JPG" width="221" /></a></div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="use:0" grmarkguid="10913141-1f95-4557-a748-170135c5e503" gruiphraseguid="435d982a-51b7-45a0-b030-da605228fd83">use</span><a href="http://techtips.salon.com/pdfs-onto-ipad-4578.html"> <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="e-mail:1" grmarkguid="14983cde-d200-486a-b85e-0c90be148a53" gruiphraseguid="435d982a-51b7-45a0-b030-da605228fd83">e-mail</span>, iTunes, Dropbox, Drive or a similar method to send PDFs of symbol supported text to your iPad</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="sources:0" grmarkguid="d4203515-f751-4b9b-a139-0a2ce463f8e3" gruiphraseguid="223db94c-ba78-4550-8cff-c6aa6b8d3487">sources</span> of Symbol Supported reading materials in PDF include:</li> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.symbolworld.org/">Symbol World</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.slatersoftware.com/document.html">Slater Software</a></li> <li><a href="http://unique.n2y.com/">News-2-You</a> (subscription)</li> <li><a href="http://unique.n2y.com/">Unique Learning Program</a> (subscription)</li> <li><a href="http://www.widgit.com/">Widget</a> (free and paid materials)</li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="if:0" grmarkguid="0990c8e0-1d01-4155-8cd9-57d79da355ba" gruiphraseguid="929f94a3-526b-42b5-b089-0756db29a226">if</span> your Symbol Supported material isn't a PDF (for example you made it yourself in <a href="http://www.mayer-johnson.com/boardmaker-software">Boardmaker</a>) use the free program <a href="http://www.cutepdf.com/products/cutepdf/writer.asp">Cute PDF Writer</a> to save as a PDF and then send it</li> </ul> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="open:0" grmarkguid="2a521dd0-54bc-4e20-8755-af7b1e1f6281" gruiphraseguid="346ea499-c580-424c-973d-6686a1378ac5">open</span> your PDF in a text-to-speech app to hear it read aloud, such as:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/app/voice-dream-reader/id496177674?mt=8">Voice Dream Reader</a></li> <li><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pdf-connoisseur-for-ipad/id466439715?mt=8">PDF Connoisseur</a></li> <li><a href="http://vbookz.com/V1/vBookz_Voice_Readers.html"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="vBooks:0" grmarkguid="2c160ffe-9224-4dd9-a4ec-2f0d17f23b21" gruiphraseguid="2c36d1a3-1b6d-491c-bbe4-207dcd8ea5d2">vBooks</span> PDF Voice Reader</a></li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="if:0" grmarkguid="0ec108d7-e5be-40ba-8f22-357d81017178" gruiphraseguid="ccd6be6c-83f8-4fa2-9467-9ad9759e0e04">if</span> your Symbol Supported materials happen to be a worksheet or something you want your students to be able to write on or mark up try an annotation program for PDFs on the iPad and they can do the work on the tablet</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/iannotate-pdf/id363998953?mt=8"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="iAnnotate:0" grmarkguid="2789e60e-2044-4376-89dd-8a5921e7d488" gruiphraseguid="856feeec-f7ba-4e4b-ab8d-5de44fd44246">iAnnotate</span> PDF</a></li> <li><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/paperport-notes/id476134017?mt=8">Paper Port Notes</a></li> </ul> </ul> <div> My Christmas Wish</div> </div> <div> <ul> <li>Vendors producing symbol supported materials start distributing them as <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="app:0" grmarkguid="30525e6a-dbbc-4469-8984-f0e7406713b5" gruiphraseguid="09660c0a-75ad-49bb-aa8d-96015c5b49cc">app</span> or as books through <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="iBooks:1" grmarkguid="8b7a0c83-5b08-4db4-a74d-d492b8edcd2e" gruiphraseguid="09660c0a-75ad-49bb-aa8d-96015c5b49cc">iBooks</span> to make them more accessible.  Some vendors I would like to see <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="do:0" grmarkguid="42fa564f-bb43-4096-b19f-2951adfb772e" gruiphraseguid="147c7da1-079c-4801-ae59-723a4ce2230c">do</span> this are:</li> <ul> <li>Widget</li> <li><a href="http://www.helpmeread.co.uk/books.html">Help Me Read/Oxford Books</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cricksoft.com/us/products/tools/clicker/home.aspx">Clicker 6</a> - I would gladly pay the full price of the software AGAIN to have it in app form</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="who:0" grmarkguid="9ee6da5e-eeb6-4623-824a-b19f9494bc5e" gruiphraseguid="0922350e-be9d-42ef-9ee4-8f8023aa8631">who</span> else?</li> </ul> </ul> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/picture-symbol-support-on-ipad.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/picture-symbol-support-on-ipad.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-12T20:20:00-05:00'>8:20:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/picture-symbol-support-on-ipad.html#comment-form' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/8064378960773428605' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1471872722'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=8064378960773428605&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' 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class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=8064378960773428605&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=8064378960773428605&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, December 11, 2012</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Pc56v1wHW6X3GlbvwA9WHMcbsvNYhvdFQXvXMWiddNd4gmZ7CAIdwLy3KRXQEP4isFc8O3Korznsv2C3OPw8tx3IaeguWrJalDq9aHU9LBSlJKuBvMv_H5llwNzFN2pKbBIl15Zx813k/s200/yes+no+keychains.JPG' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6798368475920876945' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7548397776492672280' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7548397776492672280'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-six-best-yes-and.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Six</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7548397776492672280' itemprop='articleBody'> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Pc56v1wHW6X3GlbvwA9WHMcbsvNYhvdFQXvXMWiddNd4gmZ7CAIdwLy3KRXQEP4isFc8O3Korznsv2C3OPw8tx3IaeguWrJalDq9aHU9LBSlJKuBvMv_H5llwNzFN2pKbBIl15Zx813k/s1600/yes+no+keychains.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Pc56v1wHW6X3GlbvwA9WHMcbsvNYhvdFQXvXMWiddNd4gmZ7CAIdwLy3KRXQEP4isFc8O3Korznsv2C3OPw8tx3IaeguWrJalDq9aHU9LBSlJKuBvMv_H5llwNzFN2pKbBIl15Zx813k/s200/yes+no+keychains.JPG" width="200" /></a></div> <h3>  "Best Yes" and Rewarding Successive Approximation</h3> <br /> Shaping, simply put, is rewarding the small steps that lead to a large success.  Also known as "rewarding successive approximations" I call it, "Close enough is good enough, for now."  By which I mean that if we reward a first time step towards meeting a goal and then each tiny step closer we will eventually get there.  Shaping is baby steps.  In the case of yes/no this starts with something known as "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="a16c141f-2a22-4eb6-80c6-2ff3dbbd4d2d" gruiphraseguid="15ac8e75-7a3d-4106-93eb-8fba16cc4eb7">yes</span>".<br /> <div> <br /></div> <div> A "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="76388aca-2287-4cc1-9624-1d43907cac60" gruiphraseguid="6f3b5a15-10fd-49af-a509-574452fc4e3e">yes</span>" is any response our student with complex communication needs gives us that indicates affirmation.  A slight head movement, a smile, clapping hands, stopping a rocking motion or a change in affect any of these is a best yes - and it is ok, at first, to accept any one of these from the same child. <br /> <div> <div> <br /></div> <div> With careful observation (including video, if needed) and data collection we can determine which "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="6cb891f9-8c5b-486f-a33c-840cf19cc628" gruiphraseguid="f981a1f1-1913-45f3-a91a-98a98a42a9fe">yes</span>" we can shape into a consistent "yes" response.  We want our vision of the consistent "yes" to be something noticeable and clearly understandable by all who interact with the individual regularly.  </div> <div> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg18WRNILvh-FhXGp9v69Ig_E0YAd12s4ZxZJ0PlYd56GVblixwFyGOkkLZTncDKUTh_VpEQM9lARqOBo5sb4etYFiWvHAEL7YK-5K9QF7Hos6j5DqSLoR6NW1oFSfGD46phZY2NE_59Wfe/s1600/wtibai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg18WRNILvh-FhXGp9v69Ig_E0YAd12s4ZxZJ0PlYd56GVblixwFyGOkkLZTncDKUTh_VpEQM9lARqOBo5sb4etYFiWvHAEL7YK-5K9QF7Hos6j5DqSLoR6NW1oFSfGD46phZY2NE_59Wfe/s1600/wtibai.jpg" /></a></div> <div> For some children we may need to accept that the "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="0792340e-8444-4fb4-be03-c9317e93bb65" gruiphraseguid="0edc39c7-7251-4b77-bd3c-56227a88024b">yes</span>" and "close enough is good enough" is how things will be for a while and reaching a consistent yes might take years and years.  We may wonder or have to respond to others wondering if the "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="0739fa47-2399-4235-a0a2-02cf518a8ab6" gruiphraseguid="c7547601-3192-45b0-b45a-8ce3c7ae8d17">yes</span>" we are accepting is "intentional" on the part of the child.  The thing about a "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="0348e014-6387-437c-b68e-f3cd1d3b7f32" gruiphraseguid="dd216781-17b8-43de-a61f-a1422f0fcbe6">yes</span>" is that intention is irrelevant.  We teach <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:0" grmarkguid="1e266571-dfea-426b-85a1-239442c79991" gruiphraseguid="1a82e7f6-5562-4417-9acc-908e2fdd53b2">intentionality</span> by assuming <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:1" grmarkguid="199f7d76-c07b-4448-af4d-d74c2a698de8" gruiphraseguid="1a82e7f6-5562-4417-9acc-908e2fdd53b2">intentionality</span>.  Repeat it with me, "We teach <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:0" grmarkguid="b864db1d-1ad5-4589-86e0-e7ea3c9765ce" gruiphraseguid="4aafb97d-7f83-4ac5-8a63-ca1c7afdb1b2">intentionality</span> by assuming <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:1" grmarkguid="dcc78362-0b34-4401-87d2-d7b8c1f6960d" gruiphraseguid="4aafb97d-7f83-4ac5-8a63-ca1c7afdb1b2">intentionality</span>."  We are not delusional or Pollyannas when we act like that slight and inconsistent response is a "yes" - we are teaching!  Make a banner and hang it across your classroom if you must, "We teach <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:0" grmarkguid="0f1cb213-0729-4b39-b691-4b85ed12a085" gruiphraseguid="c9fd834c-1a49-427e-acf1-ce154e7c2f9e">intentionality</span> by assuming <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:1" grmarkguid="98346a0e-9569-47b2-a809-5a27ce893cc4" gruiphraseguid="c9fd834c-1a49-427e-acf1-ce154e7c2f9e">intentionality</span>!" When we reward that "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:2" grmarkguid="3b6bfa8e-c80c-44e6-9fc0-6a33655ec5e6" gruiphraseguid="c9fd834c-1a49-427e-acf1-ce154e7c2f9e">yes</span>" we teach the child that repeating that "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:3" grmarkguid="aad9c17a-e434-4c29-8fe2-5c59f2d0dadf" gruiphraseguid="c9fd834c-1a49-427e-acf1-ce154e7c2f9e">yes</span>" will lead to a reward.  We teach <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:0" grmarkguid="c5a91d9b-7cb9-48b4-81f6-312d0c6392f3" gruiphraseguid="00e4f8f7-e0a1-47f3-aa6c-4efe47a2fee9">intentionality</span> by assuming <span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="intentionality:1" grmarkguid="4c4264be-256d-4ca0-a318-1832ddb7c471" gruiphraseguid="00e4f8f7-e0a1-47f3-aa6c-4efe47a2fee9">intentionality</span>.<br /> <br /> Watch this clip from the 1970 French film, <u>An Infinite Tenderness</u>, look for all the "best <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="25100816-5e33-4bf2-8e1c-6b89581763bc" gruiphraseguid="46c10946-cbbf-44da-b988-c9358c8f533d">yes</span>" responses and how the same child uses different "best yes" answers.  (The story is a puppy love story between these two children, the boy on the left and the girl on the right, it is told completely without words.  You can watch it on Netflix.  It is amazing.)<br /> <br /><iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/WnvcF3YWA5w" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <br /> By combining our observed <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="8dbe507c-f1b4-4e68-a3db-1255fa20d4df" gruiphraseguid="fa17e23c-4da8-4041-bf78-0e6b52e835c2">"be</span>st <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="709a541f-b28d-4282-b6b6-3ceb75ea43b0" gruiphraseguid="3460fd03-4dd1-454a-adb8-7095244f517c">yes</span>" and our vision for a consistent "yes" we can create a plan in which we reward the <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:1" grmarkguid="2d0cc15d-176a-456b-8e40-38ee7e24a89b" gruiphraseguid="fa17e23c-4da8-4041-bf78-0e6b52e835c2">"be</span>st <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:1" grmarkguid="493d6810-359e-4876-8fa8-1d331619b5a7" gruiphraseguid="3460fd03-4dd1-454a-adb8-7095244f517c">yes</span>" we want to shape until it is consistent.  This means offering highly motivating rewards and waiting for the <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="854c8bc9-ae5a-427f-b402-694f43b371a3" gruiphraseguid="26021eaa-8731-4a27-af98-4c10e662fb82">"be</span>st <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="b444657b-157f-4774-ad24-70163a7f9dcd" gruiphraseguid="befe9727-4ce4-41a8-a7d1-eb919d334703">yes</span>" before giving the reward.  </div> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Once the <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="fcdde757-9abb-4a40-b99f-1d8d37d68b87" gruiphraseguid="a7877682-c9e0-4d88-8007-09afb9d33450">"be</span>st <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="yes:0" grmarkguid="1497ebfa-ea3f-4ea1-ab42-97190ef0918a" gruiphraseguid="6d742ddb-7aea-4756-b8e8-300a772acf4e">yes</span>" is consistent we up the ante.  We model the next successive approximation, offer a highly motivating reward and give the reward when the child gives us the new and improved, consistent  "yes".  This might mean we initially give the reward for a slight drop of the chin (working towards a nod) and once that is consistent we give the reward for a deeper drop of the chin.  Then we repeat with the next approximation until we have achieved our vision of a consistent, noticeable and understandable "yes".  (Which might mean the next approximation is a deeper chin drop and then a slight lift of the head and then a deep chin drop and a full lift of the head.)  We may have to have different expectations at different times - a slight smile is ok after a severe seizure or surgery but on a good day we expect a smile and a nod.</div> <div> <br /> <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="Shaping:0" grmarkguid="41981feb-3ed5-45ea-b57b-4dd09ae58b9d" gruiphraseguid="02e50eb7-9b3b-4bd0-8efc-bc6c03e4f40b">Shaping</span> must be used with all of the other teaching tools i<span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062">n ou</span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062">r <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="2e157664-0993-4634-b3ec-cfb129f5dd60" gruiphraseguid="b2f531c0-cd8d-45e6-a138-6eb52a0936de"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="02749597-8806-4496-ba0f-d9082bf426d5" gruiphraseguid="02e50eb7-9b3b-4bd0-8efc-bc6c03e4f40b"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="aeec0b7e-8c31-4662-895f-8504a431b080" gruiphraseguid="d5a77122-e3e7-408e-aa7a-10b39dc6a9f2"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16">t</span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16">ool</span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="0cbec2b7-61cc-4960-a09b-42652a57aaa1" gruiphraseguid="e2d9677c-4507-4bc7-abf2-eadaad5f9062"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"> bo</span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16">xes</span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="106f2ac6-dd3f-484f-9924-6da296ae4fa4" gruiphraseguid="24d7638c-d85b-42cd-a064-a7932df131b0"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="tool boxes:1" grmarkguid="fef399ad-c37a-4912-a072-45000a649dfc" gruiphraseguid="171f95b2-c522-40c4-bea7-50a8280e6d16"></span>.  With students who have severe, complex or multiple needs one method is usually not enough for success!  </div> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> {As an aside it is obviously best for the end result to be universally understood like a spoken response (yes/n<span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="nah:0" grmarkguid="c3b4fde1-5ae1-4b62-b3a0-270ff0037e7a" gruiphraseguid="af4997c4-2aac-4d88-9bb5-0c739b5ed215">o y</span>up/<span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="nah:0" grmarkguid="5a7866da-35d9-4a33-bee5-f28a33257b5f" gruiphraseguid="dda00382-9049-44a6-a1a4-0aae322c7d18">nah</span>, ok/nope), a head gesture (nod/shake) or hand motion (thumbs up/thumbs down). If this is not possible something slightly less universal but common with individuals with disabilities is a good choice such as signing yes/no, looking up for yes/down for no or blink once for yes/twice for no.  However a creative yes/no is better than a lifetime of trying to force someone to speak or nod/shake when it is too difficult.}</div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-six-best-yes-and.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-six-best-yes-and.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-11T21:08:00-05:00'>9:08:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-six-best-yes-and.html#comment-form' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/7548397776492672280' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1471872722'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=7548397776492672280&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, December 10, 2012</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61ibCTZ1MRL._SL500_AA300_.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6798368475920876945' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='4757051489143074096' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='4757051489143074096'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-five.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Five</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-4757051489143074096' itemprop='articleBody'> <h2> Using Books to Teach and Reinforce Yes/No</h2> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61ibCTZ1MRL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vGozZCiTVUNCp_lPhOfCqBKGW-7Fjr14nBvMlrqwWzhWZ-h91rp-WyKvM3mF9qy9SqYmBV-D6QKm1xKlNPhHxnvqQUIpQzcY4W63iTTeB3UI0Rsd_o22U6KKn1CoRl-9YsaejcXNU=s0-d"></a></div> <br /> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.brooklinebooksmith-shop.com/book/9780823423774">Ollie's School Day: A Yes and No Book</a></li> <ul> <li>Go with Ollie through his day making yes and no choices</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.brooklinebooksmith-shop.com/book/9780763632441">No No Yes Yes</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="this:0" grmarkguid="c332acff-dfb3-4a18-9ee3-5e9609810b86" gruiphraseguid="a5658a6b-fb8b-41a9-a986-2ed1908c18ab">this</span> board book presents behaviors and labels them yes and no </li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Im-Going-Read-Level-Yes/dp/1402734131">I<span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="'m Going:0" grmarkguid="624d035c-b74a-442b-90b5-848921775feb" gruiphraseguid="85cd57b7-a2b2-4b20-a110-b296ec65cf31">'m Going</span> to Read: No Yes</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="this:0" grmarkguid="7373004f-5b73-44b1-aa2e-59aa10d1f7d8" gruiphraseguid="56e91104-fe18-48bc-a3e2-25a411261f57">this</span> is a simple story told by a series of yes and no statements</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Yes-Maybe-Charise-Mericle-Harper/dp/0803729561">Yes, No, Maybe So</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="another:0" grmarkguid="613ad5e0-ad0a-447e-92dc-c9b374add201" gruiphraseguid="e70d47ba-4f91-4351-acc6-1592fbcd03fb">another</span> simple story about reinforcing positive behavior</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/No-David-Shannon/dp/0590930028">No, David!</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="this:0" grmarkguid="ef719e4a-1362-4533-9317-6b46d6fb26d9" gruiphraseguid="8a54e81c-f537-40f4-801e-e691c695f792">this</span> Kindergarten favorite has the adults in David's life telling him, "No!" to all of the impulsive things he does and is a great way to get all the kids calling out "NO!" whatever way they happen to do that!</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.abebooks.com/Little-Hippo-Book-Being-Safe-Magic/5383544616/bd">Yes No Little Hippo</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="a:0" grmarkguid="aeddc992-fc9d-4933-9021-7eac794e1f75" gruiphraseguid="7a77e35f-f12d-447c-8647-e22413fdc9a8">a</span> book about safety through yes and no</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Yes-Day-Amy-Krouse-Rosenthal/dp/0061152595"><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="Yes:0" grmarkguid="df4dab01-4f0d-472e-b9ff-067c462bce93" gruiphraseguid="9e5fee84-ce10-4827-a6b2-26b17decee61">Yes</span> Day</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="the:0" grmarkguid="2adf29e0-523d-47b0-9f67-9a04ba121672" gruiphraseguid="726131f9-44b3-4c65-b2ca-70ef4c0edaa5">the</span> best day of the year, when every question is answered with "Yes!"</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Eli-No-Katie-Kirk/dp/0810989646">Eli, No!</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="a:0" grmarkguid="49afcf71-20f6-45e3-8e7c-3d27b4ef8bfd" gruiphraseguid="a03887c3-5c02-4553-bfe6-b7281a8c9775">a</span> simple story about unconditional love told through a dog who gets into trouble</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.brooklinebooksmith-shop.com/book/9781423146827">Yes Yes Yaul!</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRnoSuggestion GRcorrect" grcontextid="Yaul:0" grmarkguid="c210bf8e-dabc-4f66-9961-470cbd01d667" gruiphraseguid="3d787002-e8c0-4e21-a4b2-adf979ab1ea3">Yaul</span> only like to say, "No!" until his friends help him learn to try "Yes!"</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Stop-Go-Yes-No-Categorical/dp/0822590255">Stop and Go, Yes and No</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="this:0" grmarkguid="ef81d8ba-ec44-4765-94c4-21b2f2847348" gruiphraseguid="d6ef2a7a-378d-418a-b0dc-6c20949ed9ca">this</span> is a book about opposites and is best suited for teaching core words/antonyms, but it does contain yes and no</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Yes-Please-No-Thank-You/dp/1402717466/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1355092165&sr=1-10&keywords=yes+no">Yes, Please! No, Thank you!</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="a:0" grmarkguid="7f8b9d48-63ba-4f40-a065-9b499f84aa5f" gruiphraseguid="3afe0348-d94c-447c-8051-a6885f285ac0">a</span> book of silly questions</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/No-Yes-Ivana-Svabic/dp/0439338662/ref=sr_1_15?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1355092193&sr=1-15&keywords=yes+no">No & Yes</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="a:0" grmarkguid="d357ff82-9198-4ab1-9819-dfd959c87968" gruiphraseguid="bc6a3064-e7d4-45d7-9aee-471d0bece35a">a</span> rhyming toddler book about behavior</li> </ul> <li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Oh-No-Yes-Kalli-Reid/dp/1933916540/ref=sr_1_38?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1355092250&sr=1-38&keywords=yes+no">Oh No, Ah Yes</a></li> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="a:0" grmarkguid="51a1589e-b520-4421-82ca-a5dc78607159" gruiphraseguid="6c2ed45e-0efc-440b-af69-57b6b5d597f6">a</span> book about trying new things</li> </ul> </ul> <h2> Ways to use these and other books to teach and reinforce yes/no:</h2> <br /> <br /> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="as:0" grmarkguid="9f2431fa-9791-45d4-b569-39713b3595b8" gruiphraseguid="935c6e44-9ec0-429d-ab4e-cdc4fadc187f">as</span> you read the book have paraprofessionals and peers model yes and no for each student in the manner he or she communicates it</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="pick:0" grmarkguid="ed03b989-fcbe-4689-b6ef-a965a7ee7a15" gruiphraseguid="d9dc1378-96a7-4e31-9c4a-d4bf0cccd448">pick</span> a student to be your co-reader and communicate yes and no as they occur in the book</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="velcro:0" grmarkguid="ed404595-ff66-44d6-ac22-70adc35b6897" gruiphraseguid="2b914769-4355-406c-9326-2be87769367f">velcro</span> yes/no symbols to the pages and having students placing them correctly</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="have:0" grmarkguid="0ef45cb9-ceb4-425b-a917-3eb801f507d2" gruiphraseguid="4044257d-6366-46d7-98c9-3a7802f0cf67">have</span> the students shout out (using whatever the method they use) yes and no</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="for:0" grmarkguid="652b2303-b43f-4e9f-b278-d80e999f11ca" gruiphraseguid="b3f4d0ea-b10c-4db8-b84a-e2ba6bf50d76">for</span> behavior orientated books print pictures of each behavior and having students sort into yes and no</li> </ul> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-five.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-five.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-10T03:30:00-05:00'>3:30:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-five.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 1 comment: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/4757051489143074096' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1471872722'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=4757051489143074096&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=4757051489143074096&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=4757051489143074096&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); 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text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROjEuQlS-um7v5cyrAW6O7ypPf_MV_oFCpeJ2GYoAGMbthJ4yk_HSV8ZB7M9CAmRYxhqk7mXgCdIZxWQ13a-IK9dQlI61h-SVgi_yEK2fHZHUF6BBovswAjN9RRXh2v3UQNtM_iQamnNY/s1600/yes+no.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROjEuQlS-um7v5cyrAW6O7ypPf_MV_oFCpeJ2GYoAGMbthJ4yk_HSV8ZB7M9CAmRYxhqk7mXgCdIZxWQ13a-IK9dQlI61h-SVgi_yEK2fHZHUF6BBovswAjN9RRXh2v3UQNtM_iQamnNY/s320/yes+no.PNG" width="320" /></a></div> <h2> Using Games to Teach/Reinforce Yes/No</h2> <i>"In <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="ev'ry:0" grmarkguid="ae9a4ae4-91f0-4af4-b9d2-74d430f239c6" gruiphraseguid="583e1778-ef60-4889-a9b5-d12216b71eae">ev'ry</span> job that must be done<br />There is an element of fun<br />You find the fun and snap!<br />The job's a game" - Mary Poppins</i><br /> <i><br /></i> <h3> "Is that right?" Game<br />Level: yes/no for accept/reject and higher</h3> <div> <br /></div> This game is all about being silly!  You can play it to work on accept/reject yes/no responses or higher level. Essentially you go something super silly, like <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="try:0" grmarkguid="f7318217-19b2-49e2-95b2-527355eee2a6" gruiphraseguid="5f882cce-d71f-44ae-a902-702329977e7e">try</span> to put on the child's coat yourself, put the child's sock on their hand or whatever the child will know is absurd.  Then you ask, "Do you want me it this way?" or "Do you like it this way?".  Keep in mind that the child may, indeed, want it that way, because being silly is fun.  So if he says "yes" to the sock on his hand keep it up and put the other sock on his other hand.  Create a build up and keep asking yes or no questions.  When it is time to stop, if the answer is still, "yes", then you say, "Oh, I am so silly! No (model how the child says no)! It doesn't go like this!"  If the child is working on higher level yes/no you can ask, "Do socks go on hands?" and other higher order questions.<br /> <br /> <h3> The Yes/No Race<br />Level: higher yes/no skills (label, function of object, comparison, etc.)</h3> <div> <br /></div> Prepare a list of yes/no questions at the level your students are working on or use yes/no question cards (see list below).  Decide if the student will compete individually or in teams.  Create a scoreboard with student names or team names.  Be sure each child has access to their best way of expression yes/no.  Using your list or cards <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="ask:0" grmarkguid="389a2b05-eb1a-4633-8270-d71d435b9158" gruiphraseguid="dfcc0157-0ac4-4704-9192-30489e261f4d">ask</span> each question one by one.  After each question <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="be:0" grmarkguid="fe2754ab-5c6b-48f2-9e4c-d4132515b320" gruiphraseguid="9c4910d4-79ed-4cdf-ba05-af404f189e14">be</span> sure to wait up to a minute.  You can either play that the first correct answer wins a point or every correct answer wins a point.  I find this game works better if you have everyone answer at once (thus none of the students refuses to answer just for the attention given when they don't).  Whoever has <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="most points:0" grmarkguid="cfdf410c-d31c-4f07-9305-071a7de3d674" gruiphraseguid="02ff978e-051f-4846-90bc-20eb9c9e728c">most points</span> at the end wins a prize!<br /> <br /> <h3> Guess Who?<br />Level: higher yes/no</h3> <div> <br /></div> You can play this with the commercial game, with the commercial game replacing the cards with your own or you can create your own game.  To create your own you need to print out two sets of photographs of people (can be real people in your setting, celebrities or characters of books, <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="etc:0" grmarkguid="8b639bb1-a3f2-4495-8f90-f7d6045ee7f0" gruiphraseguid="7e24110b-2b58-4980-b417-7586e677ad60">etc</span>).  We like to make these large for our students with Low Vision.  Using a <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="velcro:0" grmarkguid="ee351aec-1bc3-4639-a09e-6b56d4cfbdf9" gruiphraseguid="ad920e2b-367e-41e7-8ef8-c7e55e3edb86">velcro</span> board or similar hang up one set of pictures.  Choose a student to be "it", preferably one who is working on yes/no.  Allow that child to pick a person from the second set of photo cards.  Once chosen the other players ask yes/no questions and the child who is "it" answers.  Be sure to have that child's best way of saying yes/no available. If the children asking the questions are non-speaking they can use communication books or devices or you can even program a series of questions onto a sequential switch such as a Step-by-Step or Smooth Talker.  The "asking" children should use the means of asking that allows them the most possible independent generation of their questions.  Once a yes/no question is asked and answered cards are removed from the <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="velcro:0" grmarkguid="f873c608-cade-46cd-9528-2c75eb97440e" gruiphraseguid="369cf219-fb4f-4007-bae5-32f2166ac00e">velcro</span> display board of photos in the process of elimination.  Stop when someone guesses the person or only one person is left.  Whoever guess is it, if no one guessed then the teacher picks.  (Thanks to Susan Malloy, SLP for this idea.)<br /> <br /> <h3> What is it? Game<br />Level: higher yes/no</h3> <div> <br /></div> Gather a set of object or pictures.  These can be related to the theme unit you are teaching (insects, planets or <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="be:0" grmarkguid="3bed5742-73d5-4cc4-a3e2-a85e024208d8" gruiphraseguid="1083c7c2-0d88-4dca-b2c9-183ad212e0cd">be</span> common objects from around the room).  Choose a child to be "it' and take him or her into the hall (or aside) and all the child to choose one thing.  Go back to the group and display all the items or pictures, including the chosen one.  The child who is "it" will need his or her best way to answer yes/no.  The other children will need a means to ask questions that eliminate items from the array in front of them.  As always speech or AAC can be used for the answering and the asking.  You may need to have questions for your particular set of objects ready on communication devices/boards/switches ahead of time.  As questions are asked and answered eliminate choices until someone guess correctly or one one choice is left.  You can also play this with the commercial game <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B003AIM52A/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B003AIM52A&linkCode=as2&tag=thbeanmocofuf-20">Hed Banz</a>, adapt the game by only having one person at a time where a <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="Hed:0" grmarkguid="15ea925c-8443-408b-8282-85133d674c1d" gruiphraseguid="305a9078-2e83-46a3-9a94-e630b92caf7d">Hed</span> Banz and the others take turns answering yes/no questions of the wearer.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIGYgNPtG12GwuVQAp7LOIfPy_njzCkOUV1lGCdsb9bGnNd6tIhp4PR6cXK4uwBYC3y57M3U9QdRGy6nIu8nVW5caZiC55oBJdJK5Pv72FQS1mtaTChEgzSItUSftwWx9K3ymICYWp91nJ/s1600/20+Q.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIGYgNPtG12GwuVQAp7LOIfPy_njzCkOUV1lGCdsb9bGnNd6tIhp4PR6cXK4uwBYC3y57M3U9QdRGy6nIu8nVW5caZiC55oBJdJK5Pv72FQS1mtaTChEgzSItUSftwWx9K3ymICYWp91nJ/s1600/20+Q.jpg" /></a></div> <h3> 20Q Game<br />Level: Higher yes/no</h3> <div> <br /></div> 20Q is a commercial game it is available as <a href="http://www.20q.net/flat/prods.html">a handheld electronic game</a>, <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/20q-mind-reader-free/id323163704?mt=8">an app</a> or <a href="http://www.20q.net/">online</a> (for free).  For our purposes an older version of the handheld game (yard sales, flea markets, your basement) is better, but you can adapt if needed <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="to:0" grmarkguid="d3b499ee-d637-4cdb-a213-c7cfb8d9cabb" gruiphraseguid="380bc188-2218-4514-a689-babc1ae358b6">to</span> the newer version.  20Q operates just like the 20 Questions game most of us have played only the game does all the figuring out.  The old version asks questions and gives you three possible responses "yes", "no, "it depends".  The newer version has up to ten possible answers, "yes", "no", "it depends", "unknown", "irrelevant", "sometimes", "maybe", "probably", "rarely", "partly".  Personally, I think that the new 20Q cheats!  However you can still use it by only answering "yes", "no" and "it depends".  If your students aren't ready for "it depends" you can ask them yes or no and change it to "it depends" when you enter the answer into the game.  You can also rephrase questions like "Is it an abstract concept?" or just answer those yourself without reading them aloud.  So long as all the students have a means of communication "yes" and "no" this game is a fun way to practice.<br /> <br /> <h3> Question of the Day<br />Level: any</h3> <div> <br /></div> <div> This is a fun game to include in your morning meeting group.  You can use a portable white board and simply write the question with a drawing and two columns or you can make your Question of the Day board all fancy.  If your students <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="are at the accept/reject:0" grmarkguid="17bfd55b-8237-4373-b1f9-62d83be4867c" gruiphraseguid="b8549b60-0663-4227-9c51-a2a8b17ae26c">are at the accept/reject</span> level of yes/no you can make a list of 10-15 accept reject questions and cycle through them over and over.  These could be things like, "Do you want the teacher to sing really loud?", "Do you want a high five?", "Do you want the paraprofessional to spin in circle ten times?", "Do you want <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="my:0" grmarkguid="365c54c6-e28b-4e0d-a355-4d5577ba4d71" gruiphraseguid="525d1c8f-70d5-4876-8c67-0f220d76dd34">my</span> to give you a 3 second shoulder rub?"  Then go around the room and ask each child and perform the action if he or she says yes.  Tally each child (or put a picture of each child) under yes or no on your display.  <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="Overtime:0" grmarkguid="ddd1e0dc-5e6c-437d-b8f3-8870adbd26bf" gruiphraseguid="641baac2-4de6-425b-8243-5fd7184098c7">Overtime</span> you can draw comparisons, "Last time 2 students wanted me to sing, how many this time?" then you can bring in counting if you would like.  If your students are a higher level you can ask more abstract questions, "Are you wearing boots?" or "Is a fish an insect?" and then tally and graph responses.</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.linguisystems.com/webphotos/6008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="167" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vNS0WXIHbhUdqimSJx4bmTaPAV54-D97s5hzBcabYeAw68n-hm5ta4aP7CAnrVBOr3cG2JIwbXn_FIV6AUi15jgizDtuuQaLKPOf_oLqImK4w=s0-d" width="320"></a></div> <h2> Yes/No Practice Apps and Software</h2> <div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.superduperinc.com/products/view.aspx?pid=MXAFD38#.UMTwQ4M0WSo">Ask Me a Yes/No Question by Super Duper for iPad and Android</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linguisystems.com/products/product/display?itemid=10801">Autism and PDD Yes/No Questions App by Linguisystems</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linguisystems.com/products/product/display?itemid=10328">Autism and PDD Yes/No Questions Software by Linguisystems</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2> Yes/No  Question Lists and Cards</h2> Free<br /> <br /> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.speakingofspeech.com/uploads/AuditoryProcessing-Yes.NoQuestions-Cards.pdf">Speaking of Speech Auditory Processing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="http://slpmaterials.blogspot.com/2012/09/answering-yesno-questions-affirming-or.html">SLP Materials Power Point</a></li> <li><a href="http://slpmaterials.blogspot.com/2012/11/receptive-language-yes-no-questions.html">SLP Materials Categories Yes/No Questions</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.boardmakershare.com/Activity/557/ask-me-a-yesno-question-cards">Yes/No Cards on Boardmaker Share (must have Boardmaker)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.twinkl.co.uk/resource/t-l-054-phase-3-yesno-question-cards">Yes/No Question Cards from Twinkl</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/thumbs816-820/sb820prev.html#.UMTxfIM0WSo">Yes/No Question Cards from Sparklebox</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B53dSMLzoer8REF4ZUM4WE9jaEU/edit">Yes/No Monsters</a></li> </ul> <div> Commercial</div> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.k-3teacherresources.com/printable-reading-games.html#.UMTshIM0WSo">K-3 Teacher Resources (requires premium membership)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.superduperinc.com/products/view.aspx?pid=FD38#.UMTwR4M0WSo">Yes or No Fun Deck by Super Duper</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.smartkids.co.uk/details.asp?pid=1637&category=11&subcat=108&age_range=">Smart Kids Yes/No Questions </a></li> <li><a href="http://www.pecs4autism.com/servlet/the-907/Yes-%26-No-Question/Detail">PECS 4 Autism Yes/No</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linguisystems.com/products/product/display?itemid=10451">Just for Adults Yes/No Questions by Linguisystems</a></li> </ul> <br /> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-four.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-four.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-09T15:44:00-05:00'>3:44:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' 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<meta content='6294667014827423134' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='6294667014827423134'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-3.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part 3</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-6294667014827423134' itemprop='articleBody'> Sing It!<br /> <br /> One of the coolest things I saw at Linda Burkhart's and Gayle Porter's workshop at the ISAAC conference was the Yes Song and No Song Gayle's school uses to teach yes and no.  As far as I can find the song isn't available anywhere on the internet.  However some other songs are.  Another option is to work with your music teacher or music therapist to create a song.  This might be especially vital if you work with students over preschool as the selection of songs below is not age appropriate.  (With the exception of the Beatles!)<br /> <br /> It is vital to model the way you want your students to communicate yes and no throughout the songs.  Perhaps a turn for each child with specific modeling of their way of communicating yes and no.<br /> <br /> Remember you can download the music from videos <a href="http://www.youtube-mp3.org/">using this site</a>.<br /> <br /> The Yes No Please Thank You Song<br /> <iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/LQb_tjCvo7o" width="420"></iframe><br /> <br /> Uh huh, Uh huh, Ut uh<br /> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dVkPWDixDhs?fs=1" width="459"></iframe><br /> <br /> Hello, Goodbye<br /> <br /> <iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/SEfhM3T4aV0" width="420"></iframe><br /> <a href="http://www.last.fm/music/Mr.+Doak/_/Wild+Bear+(Yes+or+No+song)"></a><br /> W<a href="http://www.last.fm/music/Mr.+Doak/_/Wild+Bear+(Yes+or+No+song)">ild Bear Yes or No So<span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="LastFM:1" grmarkguid="afe6a6ae-c918-4d7e-bcac-49a8814b7727" gruiphraseguid="da2a0b1f-2d7a-4e30-a724-fdfb0f65158f">ng on </span><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="LastFM:0" grmarkguid="6861ff40-6b5c-4047-a3b4-0bd320e6109b" gruiphraseguid="23b8b127-075a-4fc3-b035-76e3aef7f5a0">LastFM</span></a> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-3.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-3.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-08T16:34:00-05:00'>4:34:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-3.html#comment-form' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/6294667014827423134' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1471872722'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=6294667014827423134&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' 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content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEUDaN89BYCDqOS1w_4c5fhE8eRcdg-jlNCMbESp7KfSLQu-bKBTx7Qyzy248mjy9ceMrZfbjl6Gzt056qOBa2iFFyUbz8tw_ob7TEudMx5WndU8FEV2116G58O8SVZ5OvPDTpc08DHyvp/s320/yes+no+sign.JPG' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6798368475920876945' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='1404493866830207467' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='1404493866830207467'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-two.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Two</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-1404493866830207467' itemprop='articleBody'> Teaching Yes/No<br /> <br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEUDaN89BYCDqOS1w_4c5fhE8eRcdg-jlNCMbESp7KfSLQu-bKBTx7Qyzy248mjy9ceMrZfbjl6Gzt056qOBa2iFFyUbz8tw_ob7TEudMx5WndU8FEV2116G58O8SVZ5OvPDTpc08DHyvp/s1600/yes+no+sign.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEUDaN89BYCDqOS1w_4c5fhE8eRcdg-jlNCMbESp7KfSLQu-bKBTx7Qyzy248mjy9ceMrZfbjl6Gzt056qOBa2iFFyUbz8tw_ob7TEudMx5WndU8FEV2116G58O8SVZ5OvPDTpc08DHyvp/s320/yes+no+sign.JPG" width="320" /></a>There is so much more in the world to say than yes/no, yet it is still a vital skill, especially in fast moving situations and medical situations.  We often times see <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="goals:0" grmarkguid="56e5dc90-cfcb-4537-94ea-9cc860558a3d" gruiphraseguid="f2549e13-42bc-4d7c-ac70-7d42157a78b2">goals</span> on IEPs for learners with severe special needs about yes/no and I will be the first to admit I have done this poorly in the past.  Like many people I had a tendency to believe that if we just practiced enough we would eventually successfully teach yes/no.  Thus many of my students sat through daily "drill" in which they were asked ten yes or no questions and were given positive reinforcement or rewards when they were correct.  Not surprisingly this wasn't effective for many of them.<br /> <br /> First we must understand not all yes/no questions are created equally.  "Do you want a cookie?" is far from "Was Washington the third president?".  Think about "Do you want to go home?" versus "You do want to go home, don't you?"  All of these questions are yes/no questions.  Anyone of these could be tossed out in a yes/no drill.  Yet they presume different cognitive and language skills and different types of motivation.<br /> <br /> Some of the different types of yes/no are:<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>Accept/reject "Do you want your blanket?"</li> <ul> <li>Choice "How about the blue one?"</li> </ul> <li>Affirm/deny </li> <ul> <li>Possession "Is this your <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="coat:0" grmarkguid="601b9a88-6fe3-4402-b0d0-0fd378d296f6" gruiphraseguid="9b06c597-b3b9-4848-b155-ec1cdd73006b">coat</span>?"</li> <li>Preference "Do you like the red one?"</li> <li>Label "Is this a table?"</li> <li>Function of objects "Does a vacuum walk?"</li> <li>Test knowledge "Is it facing north?"</li> <li>Comparison "Is a dog older than a puppy?"</li> <li>Relative time "Did that happen first?"</li> <li>Preference "Do you like apples?"</li> </ul> <li>Rhetorical question "How 'bout them apples?"</li> </ul> <div> For our learners we start by focusing on accept/reject.  We need to avoid the other kinds of yes/no until we are sure that the student understands that yes is <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="accept:0" grmarkguid="85ad5186-4a1c-4a2c-8c77-a9c2ef2206af" gruiphraseguid="63f9f9eb-c5b9-4823-84fc-294f0c19a060">accept</span> and <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="no is reject:1" grmarkguid="f9bb3bee-aca3-47ec-acf3-77ae088721a8" gruiphraseguid="63f9f9eb-c5b9-4823-84fc-294f0c19a060">no is reject</span>.  Then we will work on different types of yes/no questions.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> One way to work yes/no is accept/reject this is by offering choices in the following manner:</div> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="teacher:0" grmarkguid="2761736d-9eac-4d63-807d-757eaad77fbc" gruiphraseguid="510c50e3-8fff-44b9-a5cf-532fb5178f52">teacher</span>: "Do you want milk or no?"</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="student:0" grmarkguid="92ca4487-8f1a-492e-80ed-c0801f09fe56" gruiphraseguid="79b4eef1-6424-4e28-96ac-905c0f6cae31">student</span>: <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="eyegazes:1" grmarkguid="6bdc2ec9-f7bc-4cbc-8a0c-3e3c8d107156" gruiphraseguid="79b4eef1-6424-4e28-96ac-905c0f6cae31">eyegazes</span> to milk</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="teacher:0" grmarkguid="f2272fcf-dd8e-40f8-99c4-2a540be40208" gruiphraseguid="92db53ed-2ddb-4368-a00a-700be3e5b946">teacher</span>: "yes, you want milk." while modeling the students yes response, whatever that is</li> </ul> <div> Another example:</div> </div> <div> <ul> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="teacher:0" grmarkguid="9b78af03-14a9-400f-8202-c98f2b9853c6" gruiphraseguid="d4f0d5c8-f61d-4a35-9a8c-fe285e6f1b2f">teacher</span>: "Would you like the purple one or no?"</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="student:0" grmarkguid="21df05fa-f8d3-4870-bb18-d50ca10b77e7" gruiphraseguid="40689c3d-e944-41a9-b28c-3e4b3f84dc81">student</span>: pushes away the purple one</li> <li><span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="teacher:0" grmarkguid="a650a7d9-2237-429d-9253-8ad8e4e82310" gruiphraseguid="faa69fca-9dc0-4033-8ffb-5946c6190c9c">teacher</span> "No, you do no want the purple one!" again, while modeling the way the student would show this</li> </ul> <div> We must be careful in doing this type of accept/reject question that we do not assume that we know what the child wants.  A child might love soda, so you ask, "Do you want <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="soda:0" grmarkguid="74749e74-2715-4f37-a48a-3cf24656ed93" gruiphraseguid="d3b69f97-c2c9-4a18-821a-c73cdef483c2">soda</span>?" and the child communicates "no".   A "no" is a "no".  Perhaps the child already had plenty of soda, or perhaps he or she has a sore throat, or perhaps his parent told him "don't you have soda today!".  Or maybe the child doesn't yet understand yes/no.  </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> If that is the case modeling that no means you rejected the thing that was offered by taking away/no giving soda is essential.  If the student becomes upset because they wanted soda you can wait a minute and offer again, "Do you want <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="soda:0" grmarkguid="d1230acc-5b61-413f-a874-791ec694d7bf" gruiphraseguid="3a9d1e10-ed4f-400a-9277-0432f498d5ce">soda</span>? Yes."  This time you answer your own question both verbally and by modeling the yes response.  This <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="give:0" grmarkguid="0f7406b4-d4cf-4d6e-8604-3a56bcf68fea" gruiphraseguid="cd59b62f-4d4b-418c-8b42-71a1ae809cd7">give</span> a cue to the child that the answer is yes.  You already established that they want the soda (the complaining when you took it away after they said no) so you can teach the yes response by modeling it.  </div> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Another thing to be careful is the tendency to for adults <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="to use:0" grmarkguid="8ecabd5b-495d-436c-ae54-5a51557f6dc2" gruiphraseguid="84bf13ed-6d6c-4da8-8665-5fec1ad12ed3">to use</span> their words just to fill space.  How often do you hear, "Yes or no?  Do you want the ball?  Yes or no?  The <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="ball:0" grmarkguid="0dad0270-b277-4c67-8b9c-186214424bb9" gruiphraseguid="0dc13e1f-7836-470f-9368-f3cd4b0e2d02">ball</span>?  Tell me yes or no?"  Imagine how confusing that is if the child doesn't understand the concept yes and no.  Imagine how confusing it is if the child has language processing issues and that is just too many words.  So many of our students just choose <span class="GRcorrect" grcontextid="what ever:0" grmarkguid="d5228bd8-3209-4630-b061-31be4e32f0ae" gruiphraseguid="e328cb9b-6951-4327-9b34-dabcf725184e">what ever</span> comes last and this is one of the ways we unintentionally teach them to do that.  We teach them that if they wait for us to pause and repeat whatever the last thing we said/did was they will be rewarded. Sometimes our students will even answer with "yes or no" or even by parroting "tell me yes or no".  A key to teaching anything is wait time.  And a key to teaching yes/no is refraining from using the phrase, "Tell me yes or no." </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> Another important part of teaching this type of yes/no is by having all those in the environment model it; aides, parents, peers.  We should model it verbally and in the same means that our student should express it.  The more we explicitly show how yes/no work the faster our student will learn.</div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-two.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-two.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2012-12-08T15:50:00-05:00'>3:50:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-two.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 3 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6798368475920876945/1404493866830207467' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1471872722'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6798368475920876945&postID=1404493866830207467&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2014/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2014/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2014/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/'> 2013 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(28)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2013/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(40)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> <ul class='posts'> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/sensory-spaces-on-cheap.html'>Sensory Spaces on the Cheap</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/picture-symbol-support-on-ipad.html'>Picture Symbol Support on the iPad</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-six-best-yes-and.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Six</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-five.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Five</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-four.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Four</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-3.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part 3</a></li> <li><a href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-yesno-series-part-two.html'>The Yes/No Series - Part Two</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(12)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(72)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2011/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(104)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(12)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(13)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(278)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(20)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(26)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(34)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(34)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(31)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(21)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(16)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(26)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(36)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/'> 2008 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(350)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(27)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(50)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(31)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(19)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(25)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(19)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(27)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  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</a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2007/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2007/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(20)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2006/'> 2006 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(35)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2006/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(20)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2006/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget LinkList' data-version='1' id='LinkList26'> <h2>PermaPosts</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <ul> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2007/02/60-things-to-do-with-single-switch.html'>60 Things to Do with a Switch</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/hands-free-tablet-pcaac-carrying-case.html'>AAC Cases</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/ad.html'>AAC Dynamic Display Devices</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/05/funding-sources-for-aac.html'>AAC Funding</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/01/aac-increases-verbal-language.html'>AAC Increases Verbal Language</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/aac-programming-and-technical-support.html'>AAC Programming and Tech Support</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/07/aac-resources-and-products.html'>AAC Resources and Products</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/11/aac-static-display-boards-pre-made.html'>AAC Static Display Boards for Purchase</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/aac-static-display-devices.html'>AAC Static Display Devices</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/05/aac-device-text-to-speech.html'>AAC Text-to-Speech</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/05/activity-sharing.html'>Activity Sharing</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2006/11/alternate-format-books-and-stories.html'>Alternate Format Books and Stories</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/01/autism-and-related-disabilities.html'>Autism and Related Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/10/calculator-options.html'>Calculator Options</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/04/email-for-everyone.html'>Email for Everyone</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/07/dynavox-announces-eye-gaze-control.html'>Fabulous Freebies</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/10/free-and-low-cost-head-and-eye-tracking.html'>Free and Low Cost Head and Eye Tracking</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/02/free-boardmaker-boards-and-activities.html'>Free Boardmaker Boards, Activities and Tutorials</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/09/free-online-activities-for.html'>Free Online Activities</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/07/kates-list-of-free-software-for-severe.html'>Free Software</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/09/ipads-for-learners-with-severemultiple.html'>iPads for Learners with Severe Special Needs</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/06/ipod-touchiphone-app-round-up-for-users.html'>iPod App Round Up</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2010/01/fan-of-fans.html'>Learning Fans</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/01/mounting-options.html'>Mounting Options</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/10/motivate-model-and-move-out-of-way.html'>Movtivate, Model and Move Out of the Way!</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/01/online-switch-activities-for-special.html'>Online Switch Activities</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/11/paraprofessionalteacher-assistant.html'>Paraprofessional Resources</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-periodic-table-of-aac.html'>Periodic Table of AAC</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/06/picture-and-photograph-symbols-sets.html'>Photo and Picture Symbols</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/10/pinterest-for-our-classrooms.html'>Pinterest for Our Classroom</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/04/power-point-collections.html'>PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/07/web-sites-for-teaching-reading.html'>Reading Websites</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/01/seizures-in-special-needs-classroom.html'>Seizures in the Special Needs Classroom</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/11/signs-and-symbols.html'>Signs and Symbols</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/11/software-for-learners-with-disabilities.html'>Software for Special Needs</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2007/09/special-education-links.html'>Special Education</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/07/special-needs-clothes-shoes-and.html'>Special Needs Clothes Shoes and Accessories</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/12/special-needs-scissors.html'>Special Needs Scissors</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/06/swimming-with-special-needs.html'>Swimming with Special Needs</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2012/06/switch-interface-round-up.html'>Switch Interface Round Up</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2008/08/teaching-time-telling-resources.html'>Teaching Time Telling</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2007/09/transition-to-adult-services.html'>Transition to Adult Services</a></li> <li><a href='http://teachinglearnerswithmultipleneeds.blogspot.com/2009/07/visual-recipes.html'>Visual Recipes</a></li> 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