CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "help.ft.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e8dccf94fa43e13',cH: 'qeB32H8P7CTUhmlJq2tz07E6EgcXW08mgqX2rU_ITQk-1732665235-1.2.1.1-OeC6TqciPYm8bIt0PyyW85BRqr_aKuZr2JgCdpSsDzFIwBN9P8AHupr6_LvfGOsc',cUPMDTk: "\/legal-privacy\/policies-statements\/?__cf_chl_tk=scoFBU3TebnOn2WsuEQfHCLYpBTKNgrI0ophXm2v9KM-1732665235-1.0.1.1-Jttk8qzEx3DVDGOGNo.7HNjZpfIZmc_iWYYgzi9PLeI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732665235',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/legal-privacy\/policies-statements\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=scoFBU3TebnOn2WsuEQfHCLYpBTKNgrI0ophXm2v9KM-1732665235-1.0.1.1-Jttk8qzEx3DVDGOGNo.7HNjZpfIZmc_iWYYgzi9PLeI",md: "GYHilKxCND0RIjm4ngplCpo2XYX4a.DA4Fe6ze_c4HI-1732665235-1.2.1.1-oU4cGUC._Dh2exeJ_iAMfl2ATX1el87F4d19jcXWN4W5KzqxsAJALrfMKsfdW5qXPDCHxGwnEmZvq.ijKhv2KXMgeWW6teLCBStZprGOwoaPXYGaCj6_Pn22ECQ9JEgCbmwKgBz55mwK7lzLQCnRsm4C9jqq8aspwOH24T6Dr_2QGnZxRVYn0fbAp_YpFsG7QZnCr7J5bZFrRh0uSI9GN3.racbWWlr4767o7EH9XfHxVSnBO3DFR2cwYwOtNTt_fZrsZnoN84n3yWz6bXn4Bp0l0T5u8eH0fh.0ADmyob7Y40rjgBMutw6N8oeATte8OlEDkIWLrAMT9WJ3pRv.ZTLcpNS97d9gbm9RF3Kjus68wf4xIi1iV82EMcn0aZP_EqVC1BAPxEBqlZwgHQnuWBAh2wvnb8NMbOgMKBWvDEu8I9opDMU0goGCwFwtB13BZn3cdoo1314WP2LJ.oc27w28ZQhFJQIrBXhUz7vPu6EilKGugV9DyYWI5dA9xL2URCrNL7XoUzGfFAsdus4d9jY.uGAU4mmgI.RniNHZrCEn3ATe9SxSkbOlQUyuNg3D3JdnBv07bdt.yOJKABgeX_sAGhQqXiw.K1Skym_u0BciN.sv9V9ynhTSLD5Iz.vzY7HJ5QmiJfE3IWHR9VCLiYjWTjwgOvd3KnypoJ5nZ4APOBjHSieJgOVKenpYmGG9vciBK4zFuPFAR2vNNsuoGKEhTxNVzbhoZ5IJHyLJtG6tWx9iThk2hHs.r3oYMn5H5Mzmibl62IXLDL_sZT.aYuO_1Fyk3y0WSfuzja1JVkesQyZ2f49_BdTYIreLErI4gKJOTLR_QT.OasotgdnvC4eg27oz.WxlBibiMmMuSleU4y22ipWqPoQJSmurl_evd3hiMkLlRBBxIG.V_1gIHhFIU6WzFg2fqb._gFtX_ThA4GBlqDkDKcF28iR4vTafHrjp3kavGXJIINsQg5wM_FPQHJ3xP50qYAGVNM_TejB7JTSQ92t9eZcnNaBYUOmUknDAnl7dCWzu6O6kAvhrC8B3iJmqxmkY02_Z0y5v1tlsoAcIueFGtCNPlGsQqeabSZFnMGay4Mbwe1GoXWJEtPf8_kZTDqEIYzLe3f2u96qb.BxZsPx5q.gMBkSF_bMpzUa2urWqLe5z7DiNB94Q0cy4QSeim9nDju7J_T3Hn2fxFMws8Roxnkp8QC1FuEsi.E24X5H8En6LgNqup2QoU_JJgEOxmJ8uOV_EqVsjbXByqOcQlRehpz3WXCXLHt6WfMEXV9QiKubgtw_ihWE_uxupmviFoqtQdsxMErNqXlrIRDQgw_vQ1L3bp1QlGe.ZifL0rMbLTO3L.FwWdV2LLnc5MTouw1CNUhLAJ7AJhjv5k7VTqC_i6hUt0ts6JMd5mc8j50mAHDcxm7.Jbgx7fLwvP.OC1KQzRtR6ykoIGKIY1pmn3A33wQ61jEQ3lYAvBmNAN5_WdEEWy0MQvpF4C2HpSAGphWrPNRbmtD0sl9deJYY_QOhXjFB0HWsb7BOjg2pY2fBYTT7tEMj6Exb56wP_P6Qp72Za6uNk6U4Lgi8Fiki2ZjNCUAbttNNlbxoh5PR5lRKedOC4IR.qzZANiP_9p5DAjn4ESmj9kZsIjdWFbM0hmNL_HGMWIw5mnRpK_TeCQ753DdlmmsowqGwHz5PNzNTxtpa8WrELZ3OWXpcOQ.F_jOkZm5VanAUae.sSaWvZXpMncSI7iX22O3OY_7H84Y2Hmw1ioji4Gjdup4vQjLIM0uryL.gL7XHp3wc8gIcqdk0FdyeT1x0x2p1S7LQKbDU3.V_HdY4OH5P6ixKsJSNLdtSvpgP2ag8XGJApnMdAp_wkV_ORm1nrXJ3PJt1jyfoGGntVdE0xFzdsRnzlBn5BdQWblEWUd8_q3xsf_9zF2_N.JDlHLgdEPNyZN8HInVTELwaJ8gGowA9V7Jn8Q9pltmY8AGlj01.CDDUh.dCOtdQs9Ox3TZjooX49hD0M2WMVXmHwQfrV9JhiyiqS9aJRzvO.S17g8aKVc0pv1RXbX0TQC3FaUBwJBth774q59u4gWJSCnkmVQ4CXIgoNY13iKKlUGTrzSmswNm6g2tAvWqOvsR3HBuBbjwal8IKVlGXRyHD.DcClCf6ZvUXiXTr.ElN9RpJPud.3VD2BRCQEKKkK4SZGdd77dex.3kA3RFLCPhiyBm4FpdjEBdRNttZCHBd.sUtx6RNsUM97lxNqIms21ViBDvlXHzRIqPtfhb4ndftsUfNxpcyiLatg1QkYbjgRx570UjcXwWSjdanMfK7FFKGevUZsKA7vkIqU5O31bLaRQSv3VKXmdnG_UGB25qO4qISV0NZhq2FbiQmolP46hy0PUWIRXsvA9bjb5L3XzEhLmS4qJXaiiBqwXsn9kKk3TcjocmJb8l._2GiJYnR_ZyaSGTQ6t76gbKNotNpPKmj4cAwHuOpfuediqq2Y4QNgLUWzXpKbsNDe.0JWNTeMPtFC7ZdhnxYhvq.wm9zELHMBb9mgBcCJ6B7sONKTP_5BiSlPBQX5ypmEuYkFKAkIdSQiz34VRl.CwlpTFyBBsI0e1MWuijXhxppFXW2SaSWpe1zlzNV_SiMCleMMyisKUTrn9e_Q5232svaDuSGVBUukIFX1oBU6E3HVrHI4CKuQ32pej93osVQT35vs1cJA636dNtgZSQUNb29C94Mhe0GJvF6WVcda82CbWk9r_RxfKfr7EnrgEyIe1sMWUd4ObBcxA7BunTVVkAR6Nis7SQuvREHBp2fe1Ngc6gHF03y5WbyKtnL5S10y9tlmM_4aR32oZjX.lMtrdABQ85xORaV9wY.r.hGPkL2ovhTS2MUhg_I3NjMxTCHwygn49YH9cPFqmPoAJxlsn4b4oxpXzHpXc1ZURIgePcprqWRhGNDzWrotqnPeI1nZmDDm.MUSco8BY0VTgr1fDQ",mdrd: "IKYgG4NTDokXqATsEZf9xUZvKdFq9KoI4ZHFhCunCfs-1732665235-1.2.1.1-AbNnM0piEY37pmgkmQZBY4dkIJQv7qkv6jzhx8_7IqE415xsoh3ggQ5YRkKjmUgBAHpCtL06WkZh2XF7Om_c.7NLeJKxJgdLGwo7ohxgOLp.n0CrGoubxz0rsT1z2xCzVZEQQ0YvBNbBcvCNr8Zqd8.7uYGl_oFUQ_Qk660DrVFVnRWzfVJkQXL9ttBzqjtVKHow2iL5ZEREFs_fqGll7UuaFgFI8pnm4cAycLOOlvDilW1R0c_XfI6euVTCvnO5qJwqCHC8hWXW0DIpxY_pCJ31XMgwy1tR4m62uW0FukRgWc36iUD6FqZbg9wS9UNOUTxmv_bxTV3lUOAfTXpVX8UIz72FoWQe5SzxCFw6iSFlxIohV8z.ZrmUgk2BqxCYB13Ff9i2ZTt28Ss4dhuBZPOmRLbt95t3gWavyzyDfIr.dkQv0eRjlcDxmSf3oa0rQ7uc.51VsCyNoyim2s3t6uQ3MMZGqRfZIRIcCem_icAApT8rx7Jfe8zvhdg6eziw9qRJA6uljELQuXh7WUVHMe8uGlhMlef7M.W6mWHlJDxntrytPSkazJX2D682SZXSwWotQ5QL8iPmG1wU6ktSz8gkmFPp6byoKhgC.IYHT9nWE00FxsB4EZKecBFhWT7.j1vPRm9PdtMcQHjQ3pGelwQRCgDDVjGuN4gSCNgaSlGLROIROyNj7Ruf3UHlokXzPwaNaTYsk3ZGkaoAjRO7u.T6m1mcFY9xS73hYvaYA.hYcRAeFxLOJrbrpZpAlsZXDC9b2tQFixcz4StYqikyjTbWtj.BPVBhIq1jKV6oLdxl1gR5Q4VCu7D533Z9KMlNSHeJl_IZAI3QIxslQewjjvLZI0QBIQihaZ4yEKN7bezBIv8RhDUG71QeA14MZMaRJ2O6OGMjJUVbv9e3dndb6pxcps2EWuvtgfjtBQWQWq1HNKQr2Mgn8Gv3S.KNdXF.h0rlsywZWwTbE_wGqvdOOYD3VEFFga8QERNVVlz66xtm_qUC8brVWdorRDq5QICRneaDgCRlEN4orLNjkmnctaRYhjjp7BOSXrxrkmAmcNs50r7qx96RnpfUcFpSuu333QnUsTK2Ezt5sokFs_Z6A6Skv.0ll1jtNjteaDwmeXaMHDtqi7d7f5obIC7ofkSnwpNXXvSjAxHly7.zP9DDDtIbACXnMOms7JLM.1ysz0Cpm0DLGbnhp3lZ3dis2QmDu0bjF7QdwlO6nRcG2qHdrDIKa8znHoqfUTwFBe8V7K79Z4g51ZTaWXFFdsMkFLNJITLCm5NdNca6bHLzZJIA3OxkaE3rUgDd18uLG_pHAryXO24Oc8u3XSxT47uZc3.2Po38_HJ2weg8c0W181uEbsnTjLp7nT6mv54gki74okFjGUhYhmm8VY8P16R_NcooiRRZOHrW0RnUFWy0APacFMsEix8aunkVH3WAjgCrbRZ_KZroF5.5SJytWQMEjqGMryFuLwewsXx6Qdq3YaphvkSuF9ZiZ1uJJt8RpvGR1BEV1FRXdy0f9Q.viS5tNgjIrXjparDWUxwo8531mI0B5B6jmwq2jXLvXlS3VcQEEEumdbJNbczHI1PkJhuxBA7LA5w25_BYAaDFUwIU180scPwNmfbIKlSHBG3AM85Fa2pCFkhONrKzp9UlAuAAZGoI8GJi.yn2ASMV5R9._MjZLTkC8zjSdBB4dndgVKGDI5apJn5fCoDpHwi9mY1heI.NvW5RwIWUJxogWFEelfm2BT2Vchg1MtTzeot1G89UAWtnNpibjHlDc0uU60MlEhx6DxYkAP8S7AmYkIA2dgO6rEXzGicm9v8rF1OonzzILEeelVx1EUGfHDZGv9XrH3wHdLtFv5IA35p2KLeuc3fCgDRJ0BJt14fA7SKdkHFjsmtD5.LCTwNVg7Op8FmVQOlXtVjnyTLXDEux7ka80czIt1krIKholnvPK.oJpJay9WU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e8dccf94fa43e13';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/legal-privacy\/policies-statements\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=scoFBU3TebnOn2WsuEQfHCLYpBTKNgrI0ophXm2v9KM-1732665235-1.0.1.1-Jttk8qzEx3DVDGOGNo.7HNjZpfIZmc_iWYYgzi9PLeI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>