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class="copy">We work with the best to help you optimize performance and value</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners/technology.html">Technology Alliance Partners</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Technology Alliance Partners</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners/technology.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners/explore-alliance-partners.html">Find Alliance Partners</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Find Alliance 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href="/en_us/partners/co-selling.html">Co-Selling</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Co-Selling</div> <p class="copy">Access collaborative services designed to help you showcase the value of Trend Vision One™ and grow your business</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/partners/co-selling.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="https://partner.trendmicro.com/pr-register-home/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Become a Partner</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Become a Partner</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="https://partner.trendmicro.com/pr-register-home/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> 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</ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners.html">Strategic Alliances</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Strategic Alliances</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/partners/alliance-partners.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label branch"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/compare.html">Compare Trend Micro</a> </div> <ul class="branch nav-item-2">  <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/compare.html">Compare Trend Micro</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Compare Trend Micro</div> <p class="copy">See how Trend outperforms the competition</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/compare.html">Let's go</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-crowdstrike.html">vs. Crowdstrike</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Trend Micro vs. Crowdstrike</div> <p class="copy">Crowdstrike provides effective cybersecurity through its cloud-native platform, but its pricing may stretch budgets, especially for organizations seeking cost-effective scalability through a true single platform</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-crowdstrike.html">Let's go</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-microsoft.html">vs. Microsoft</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Trend Micro vs. Microsoft</div> <p class="copy">Microsoft offers a foundational layer of protection, yet it often requires supplemental solutions to fully address customers' security problems</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-microsoft.html">Let's go</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-palo-alto-networks.html">vs. Palo Alto Networks</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Trend Micro vs. Palo Alto Networks</div> <p class="copy">Palo Alto Networks delivers advanced cybersecurity solutions, but navigating its comprehensive suite can be complex and unlocking all capabilities requires significant investment</p> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/compare/trend-vs-palo-alto-networks.html">Let's go</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label branch"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about.html">About Us</a> </div> <ul class="branch nav-item-2">  <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about.html">About Us</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">About Us</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/trust-center.html">Trust Center</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Trust Center</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/trust-center.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div 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href="/en_us/about/corporate-social-responsibility.html">Corporate Social Responsibility</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Corporate Social Responsibility</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/corporate-social-responsibility.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/leaders.html">Leadership</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Leadership</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/leaders.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/leading-experts.html">Security Experts</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Security Experts</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/leading-experts.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/initiative-education.html">Internet Safety and Cybersecurity Education</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Internet Safety and Cybersecurity Education</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/initiative-education.html">Learn more</a> </div> <div class="leaf-image"> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <div class="label leaf"> <a class="menu-link" href="/en_us/about/legal.html">Legal</a> </div> <ul class="leaf nav-item-leaf">  <li class="desktop-leaf-child"> <div class="desktop-leaf-child-text"> <div class="title">Legal</div> <a class="leaf-button color-d71920" href="/en_us/about/legal.html">Learn 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src="//customer.cludo.com/scripts/bundles/search-script.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var cludoSettings = {}; if( undefined === window.utag_data ) { cludoSettings.cludo_language = 'en'; } else { switch (window.utag_data.language_code) { // Cludo dropped the ball on this one case 'ja_jp': cludoSettings.cludo_language = 'jp'; break; case 'in_id': cludoSettings.cludo_language = 'id'; break; default: cludoSettings.cludo_language = window.utag_data.language_code.substring(0, 2); // First two letters are the language break; } } cludoSettings.settingsObject = { customerId: 296, engineId: 1798, searchUrl: "/en_us/common/cse.html", searchInputs: ["cludo-search-form","cludo-search-form-mobile","cludo-search-content-form"], initSearchBoxText: "", language: cludoSettings.cludo_language, //endlessScroll: {stopAfterPage:3, resultsPerPage:10, bottomOffset: 145}, //translateSearchTemplates: true, loading: "<div class='loader'></div>" }; </script> <span class="material-symbols-outlined 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close-folio-message">close</span></button> </div> </div> </section></div> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="articleBodyNoHero aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"><div class="research-layout article container" role="contentinfo"> <article class="research-layout--wrapper row" data-article-pageID="508752805"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 one-column"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12"> <div class="article-details" role="heading"> <span class="article-details__bar" role="img"></span> <p class="article-details__display-tag">Ransomware</p> <h1 class="article-details__title">Reflective Loading Runs Netwalker Fileless Ransomware</h1> <p class="article-details__description">Ransomware in itself poses a formidable threat for organizations. As a fileless threat, the risk is increased as it can more effectively evade detection. We discuss how Netwalker ransomware is deployed filelessly through reflective DLL injection.</p> <p class="article-details__author-by">By: Karen Victor <time class="article-details__date">May 18, 2020</time> <span>Read time: </span><span class="eta"></span> (<span class="words"></span> words) </p> <div class="article-details__icons">  <div class="a2a_kit a2a_default_style" data-a2a-icon-color="#717172"> <a class="a2a_dd addthis_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"> <img src="/etc.clientlibs/trendresearch/clientlibs/clientlib-trendresearch/resources/img/share-more.svg" class="svg-icon" alt="Share"/> </a> <a class="a2a_button_print addthis_link"> <img src="/etc.clientlibs/trendresearch/clientlibs/clientlib-trendresearch/resources/img/printer.svg" class="svg-icon" alt="Print"/> </a> </div>  <div class="add-to-folio tooltip"> <span class="icon-folio-thin"></span> <div class="right"> <p>Save to Folio</p> <i></i> </div> </div>  <div class="subscribe"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="research-layout-divider"/> <main class="main--content col-xs-12 col-lg-8 col-lg-push-2"> <div> </div> <div class="richText"> <div> <p>Threat actors are continuously creating more sophisticated ways for malware to evade defenses. We have observed Netwalker <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/security/definition/ransomware">ransomware</a> attacks that involve malware that is not compiled, but written in PowerShell and executed directly in memory and without storing the actual ransomware binary into the disk. This makes this ransomware variant a <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/security-101-how-fileless-attacks-work-and-persist-in-systems">fileless threat</a>, enabling it to maintain persistence and evade detection by abusing tools that are already in the system to initiate attacks.</p> <p>This type of threat leverages a technique called reflective dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, also referred to as reflective DLL loading. The technique allows the injection of a DLL from memory rather than from disk. This technique is stealthier than regular DLL injection because aside from not needing the actual DLL file on disk, it also does not need any windows loader for it to be injected. This eliminates the need for registering the DLL as a loaded module of a process, and allowing evasion from DLL load monitoring tools. Recently, we have witnessed threat actors using this technique to deploy <a href="/en_us/research/20/e/targeted-ransomware-attack-hits-taiwanese-organizations.html">ColdLock</a> ransomware. Now, we have seen the same attack using a filelessly executed Netwalker ransomware. The payload begins with a PowerShell script detected as <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B">Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B</a>.</p> <h3><span class="body-subhead-title">Analysis of the PowerShell Script</span></h3> <p><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-1-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-1-Netwalker.jpg"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Overview of the PowerShell script’s behavior</p> <p>The script hides under multiple layers of encryption, obfuscation, and encoding techniques. For this sample, we were able to reveal three layers of code. The top-most layer executes a base64-encoded command.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-2-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-2-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 2. Code snippet of top-most layer of code (base64 encoded command)</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">Decoding this will expose the next layer of code, which is hexadecimal-encoded and XOR-encrypted.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-3-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-3-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 3. Second layer of code (hexadecimal-encoded and XOR-encrypted)</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">Decoding and decrypting will then reveal the main script, which is still quite obfuscated, making the content more difficult for analysts to decipher.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-4-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-4-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 4. Code snippet of the obfuscated main script</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">The file reflectively injects a ransomware DLL into the memory of the legitimate running process explorer.exe. The ransomware is embedded in the script in hex format.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-5-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-5-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 5. Ransomware binaries embedded in the script in hex format</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">Taking the binaries out of the script and decoding them will result in two DLLs; one is an x86 version (for 32 bit OS) of the ransomware, while the other is the x64 version (for 64 bit OS).</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">It uses the following part of the script to determine the environment it is running on so that it can set the DLL version to use:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-6-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-6-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 6. Script that determines what environment the ransomware is running on</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">To successfully perform reflective injection, it first locates the API addresses of the functions it needs from kernell32.dll:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-7-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-7-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 7. Ransomware collecting API Addresses from kernell32.dll</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">Then it uses the following functions to set up accurate memory address calculations:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-8-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-8-Netwalker.jpg"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 8. Functions for setting up memory calculations</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-9-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-9-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 9. Code snippet for computing the needed memory addresses</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">In this manner, the script itself acts as the DLL’s own custom loader. This eliminates the need for a traditional windows loader, which usually makes use of the LoadLibrary function. The script itself can compute and resolve its needed memory address and relocations to load the DLL correctly.</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">It then specifies the process it will inject into; in this case it searches for the running Windows Explorer process.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-10-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-10-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 10. Code snippet for searching running Windows Explorer process</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">Afterwards, it will write and execute the ransomware DLL into the memory space of explorer.exe through the following code:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-11-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-11-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 11. Code snippet of writing the ransomware DLL code into memory</p> <p>Finally, it deletes Shadow Volume Copies and prevent the victim from using Shadow Volumes to recover their encrypted files.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-12-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-12-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 12. Code snippet for deleting Shadow Volume Copies</p> <p>This sample appears to have been derived from <a href="https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1" target="_blank">PowerSploit’s Invoke-Mimikatz</a> module, an open source program that was originally intended to reflectively load Mimikatz completely in memory for stealthy credential dumping.</p> <h3><span class="body-subhead-title">Analysis of the Fileless Ransomware</span></h3> <p>This variant of Netwalker is similar to its predecessors in terms of behavior. It renames encrypted files using 6 random characters as extension:</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-13-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-13-Netwalker.jpg"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 13. Encrypted files renamed using 6 random characters as extension</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">It drops ransom notes at various folders in the system and opens one after it has encrypted the data and documents of the victim. As with usual ransomware, it does this to extort money from the victim in exchange for the decryption of their files.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-14-Netwalker.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-14-Netwalker.jpg"/></a>Figure 14. Netwalker ransom note</p> <p style="margin: 0.0in;">It adds the following registry entry. Adding this entry is a known behavior of Netwalker:</p> <p style=""><span class="blockquote">HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\{8 random characters}</span></p> <p style=""><span class="blockquote">{8 random characters} = {Hex values}</span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-15.jpg"><img src="/content/dam/trendmicro/global/en/migrated/trendlabs-security-intelligence-07/files/2020/05/Fig-15.jpg"/></a>Figure 15. Sample registry entry added by Netwalker</p> <p>The ransomware terminates some processes and services, some examples of which are related to backup software and data related applications. It is likely that it does this as an attempt to debilitate any efforts the victim may take in performing backup and recovery operations after the ransomware attack.</p> <p>Below are some examples of services terminated by the ransomware (for the full list of services, please see <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B">this report</a>):</p> <ul> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">*backup*</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">*sql*</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">AcronisAgent</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">ARSM</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">server Administrator</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">ShadowProtectSvc</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">wbengine</span></li> </ul> <p>The ransomware also stops security software-related processes to evade detection and termination of its malicious activities.</p> <p>Additionally, it also terminates processes relating to user data and documents, as well as software for creating backups. Then it will proceed to encrypt files created through those applications.</p> <p>Example processes terminated by the ransomware (for the full list of processes, please see <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B">this report</a>):</p> <ul> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">*sql*</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">excel.exe</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">ntrtscan.exe</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">powerpnt.exe</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">wbengine*</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">winword.exe</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">wrsa.exe</span></li> </ul> <p>Netwalker mainly targets common user files during its encryption routine, such as Office documents, PDFs, images, videos, audio, and text files, among others. Other than that, it apparently doesn’t want to render the system completely useless since it generally avoids encrypting any critical files, executables, Dynamic Link Libraries, registries, or other system-related files.</p> <h3><span class="body-subhead-title">Conclusions and Recommendations</span></h3> <p>It appears that attackers are now adding Reflective DLL injection into their ransomware arsenal in an attempt to make their attacks untraceable and more difficult to investigate by security analysts. Ransomware in itself poses a formidable threat for organizations. As a fileless threat, the risk is increased as it can more effectively evade detection and maintain persistence. Blended threats such as this make use of multiple techniques, making it necessary for organizations to use various layers of security technologies to effectively protect their endpoints, such as security solutions that employ behavior monitoring and behavior-based detections.</p> <p>These types of attacks can affect victims tremendously, and they can be painstakingly difficult to recover from. Employing adequate preventive measures, such as applying best practices, will greatly minimize the risk of infection. Here are some of our recommendations to help avoid ransomware attacks:</p> <ul> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Regularly back up critical data to mitigate the effects of a ransomware attack</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Apply the latest software patches from OS and third-party vendors.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Exercise good <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/infosec-guide-email-threats">email</a> and website safety practices</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">For employees, alert the IT security team of potentially suspicious emails and files.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Implement application whitelisting on your endpoints to block all unknown and unwanted applications.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Regularly educate employees on the dangers of social engineering.</span></li> </ul> <p>Below are some of our recommendations to <a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/security/news/security-technology/risks-under-the-radar-understanding-fileless-threats">protect systems from fileless threats</a>:</p> <ul> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Secure PowerShell use by taking advantage of its logging capability to monitor suspicious behavior.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Use PowerShell commands such as ConstrainedLanguageMode to secure systems from malicious code.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Configure system components and disable unused and outdated ones to block possible entry points.</span></li> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet">Never download and execute files from unfamiliar sources</span></li> </ul> <p>We also recommend security solutions that utilize behavior monitoring that can work against these types of threats:</p> <ul> <li><span class="rte-red-bullet"><a href="/en_us/business/products/user-protection/sps/endpoint.html">Trend Micro Apex One™</a> - Features behavioral analysis that protects against malicious scripts, injection, ransomware, and memory and browser attacks related to fileless threats.</span></li> </ul> <h3><span class="body-subhead-title">Indicator of Compromise</span></h3> <div class="responsive-table-wrap"><table border="1" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td width="438"><b>SHA-256</b></td> <td width="186"><b>Trend Micro Pattern Detection</b></td> </tr><tr><td width="438">f4656a9af30e98ed2103194f798fa00fd1686618e3e62fba6b15c9959135b7be</td> <td width="186"><a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/tmr/?/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B">Ransom.PS1.NETWALKER.B</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="image"> </div> <div> </div> <section class="tag--list"> <div class="tag--list-title">Tags</div> <div class="tag--list-tags"> <a href="/en_us/research.html?category=trend-micro-research:threats/malware" class="tag--list-anchor">Malware</a> <span class="tag--list-separator" 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