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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bob</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bob-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Copyright dispute</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Copyright_dispute-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Copyright dispute subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Copyright_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Outcome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_and_foreign-language_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_and_foreign-language_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International and foreign-language editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_and_foreign-language_editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International and foreign-language editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_and_foreign-language_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Three Investigators</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_drei_%3F%3F%3F" title="Die drei ??? – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die drei ???" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_tres_investigadores" title="Los tres investigadores – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los tres investigadores" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87" title="سه کارآگاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سه کارآگاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Trois_Jeunes_D%C3%A9tectives" title="Les Trois Jeunes Détectives – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Trois Jeunes Détectives" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trio_Detektif" title="Trio Detektif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trio Detektif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_tre_investigatori" title="I tre investigatori – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="I tre investigatori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שלושת הבלשים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלושת הבלשים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Investigators" title="The Three Investigators – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Three Investigators" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przygody_Trzech_Detektyw%C3%B3w" title="Przygody Trzech Detektywów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przygody Trzech Detektywów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Альфред Хичкок и Три Сыщика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альфред Хичкок и Три Сыщика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Investigators" title="The Three Investigators – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Three Investigators" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traja_p%C3%A1tra%C4%8Di" title="Traja pátrači – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Traja pátrači" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_etsiv%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="3 etsivää – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="3 etsivää" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_deckare" title="Tre deckare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tre deckare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_ch%C3%A0ng_th%C3%A1m_t%E1%BB%AD_tr%E1%BA%BB" title="Ba chàng thám tử trẻ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-style:italic;">The Three Investigators</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Arthur, Jr.">Robert Arthur, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mystery_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery literature">Mystery literature</a><br />Juvenile literature<br />Crime fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">1964–1987</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Print</a> (hardcover)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Three Investigators</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">juvenile</a> detective book series first published as "<i>Alfred Hitchcock and the Three Investigators</i>". It was created by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur_Jr." title="Robert Arthur Jr.">Robert Arthur Jr.</a>, who believed involving a famous person such as movie director <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> would attract attention. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> is the U.S. publisher and still has some of the rights to the books. Other rights are possessed by the heirs of Robert Arthur, Jr. and the German publisher <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(publisher)" title="Kosmos (publisher)">Kosmos</a>. The characters known as the "Three Investigators" are three boys named Jupiter Jones, Peter Crenshaw and Bob Andrews. As the series has become very popular in Germany, several stories have been produced directly for the German market. </p><p>Most of the novels cover some sort of mysterious events that seem to be supernatural at first (e.g. an ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummy</a> that appears to be whispering) but are ultimately explained scientifically. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_editions">Original editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Original editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_American_series_of_The_Three_Investigators" title="The American series of The Three Investigators">The American series of The Three Investigators</a></div> <p>The original series was published from 1964 to 1987 and comprised 43 finished books, one unfinished story (<i>The Mystery of the Ghost Train</i>) and four <i>Find Your Fate</i> books. Between 1989 and 1990 <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> published the Three Investigators <a href="/wiki/The_American_series_of_The_Three_Investigators#Crimebusters_(1989–1990)" title="The American series of The Three Investigators">Crimebusters series</a>. </p><p>Books number 1 to 9 and 11 were written by the creator, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur_Jr." title="Robert Arthur Jr.">Robert Arthur</a>, who also specified ideas for a few of the other stories. Arthur had been an editor for several book collections attributed to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>. The other authors were <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(American_author)" title="Michael Collins (American author)">William Arden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(American_author)" title="Michael Collins (American author)">Dennis Lynds</a>), Nick West (Kin Platt), <a href="/wiki/Mary_Virginia_Carey" title="Mary Virginia Carey">Mary Virginia Carey</a> and Marc Brandel (born Marcus Beresford). All of the authors wrote their own introductions and epilogues, which were dictated purportedly by Hitchcock and later in the series a fictional writer, Hector Sebastian, who supposedly recorded the adventures of the Three Investigators from their words. The illustrators in the series began with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kane_(illustrator)" title="Harry Kane (illustrator)">Harry Kane</a> and Ed Vebell and include Jack Hearne, Herb Mott, Stephen Marchesi, Robert Adragna and William A. ("Bill") Dodge. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="skinnynorris"></span>For the original series, the specific ages of the investigators were never revealed, but contextual information indicates that they were likely 13 or 14 years old. They were not old enough to drive a car legally, but were said to be just a few years younger than their nemesis Skinny Norris, who had a driver's license from a state where the required age for a license was younger. On one occasion it was mentioned that Pete was part of the <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_wrestling" title="Scholastic wrestling">high-school wrestling</a> team. In the later Crimebusters series, it was stated once that the Three Investigators team was initiated when the boys were 13. </p><p>The investigators were typically introduced to a mystery by a client or by finding something unusual accidentally in the junkyard of Jupiter's Uncle Titus Jones and Aunt Mathilda, who had a salvage business. The boys encountered baffling, sometimes misleading clues and danger before finally solving the mystery. The series had one major theme: however strange, mystical, or even supernatural a particular phenomenon may seem at first, it is capable of being traced to human agency with the determined application of reason and logic. This theme was compromised on four occasions by Carey: in <i>The Mystery of Monster Mountain</i>, the boys encounter <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a>; in <i>The Invisible Dog</i>, she canonizes <a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">astral projection</a> and dangles the possibility of a "phantom priest"; in <i>The Mystery of the Scar-Faced Beggar</i>, a woman has genuine prophetic dreams; and in the final book of the original run, <i>The Mystery of the Cranky Collector</i>, a young woman's ghost returns to haunt her former employer's mansion. </p><p>Most mysteries were solved by Jupiter Jones, a supreme logician who implicitly used the <a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_Razor" class="mw-redirect" title="Occam's Razor">Occam's Razor</a> principle: that the simplest and most rational explanation should be preferred to an explanation which requires additional assumptions. The boys were able to solve their mysteries with relatively few resources: they generally had little more than a telephone, bicycles, access to a library and—with reference to the Hollywood setting of the series—a chauffeur-driven <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce</a> (which Jupiter wins the use of in the first book). </p><p>In the first book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Terror_Castle" title="The Secret of Terror Castle">The Secret of Terror Castle</a></i>, Jupiter bluffs his way into the office of director Alfred Hitchcock and makes a deal with him that if the Investigators can find him a haunted house to use as a location for his next movie, Hitchcock will introduce the story of their adventures. Hitchcock agrees, not expecting them to succeed; but at the end of the book is impressed with the boys' investigation and not only introduces the book but also refers several other future clients to them in subsequent novels. The last chapter of each book was usually an epilogue in which the investigators sat with Alfred Hitchcock (and later, Hector Sebastian), reviewing the mystery and revealing the deductions through the clues discussed earlier in the book. </p><p>In 1989, Random House revamped the series, naming it <i>The 3 Investigators—Crimebusters Series</i>. The investigators were now 17 years old, could drive cars and be much more independent. The stories continued to include an abundance of detective work, but with the addition of more action. The series was well-received but was halted during 1990, when legal disagreements between Random House and the heirs of the Arthur estate could not be resolved. By 2005, the disagreements were still not settled. </p><p>Eleven novels were published in the <i>CrimeBusters</i> series, which was initiated by one of the series' authors, William Arden, <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> of Dennis Lynds, who wrote the Dan Fortune mystery series for adults by the pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(American_author)" title="Michael Collins (American author)">Michael Collins</a>. The other authors were: H. William Stine and wife Megan Stine, <a href="/wiki/G.H._Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="G.H. Stone">G.H. Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gayle_Lynds" title="Gayle Lynds">Gayle Lynds</a>), William MacCay, Marc Brandel and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lerangis" title="Peter Lerangis">Peter Lerangis</a>. Random House has reprinted several of the original books as two paperback reprint series, partly to assure their legal rights. </p><p>Between 1964 and 1990, Random House published a total of 56 books. After the discontinuation of the series in 1990, a German author team began writing new books under the commission of the <a href="/wiki/Franckh-Kosmos_Verlags-GmbH_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co.">Franckh Kosmos</a> publishing house in 1993. In 2011, three previously unpublished novels by the US authors Peter Lerangis, Megan and H. William Stine and G. H. Stone were published in Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premise">Premise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Premise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Three Investigators are a junior detective team that initially came together because of a mental exercise club. They live in Rocky Beach, a fictional coastal town between <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>. In some of their cases, the boys are supported by Alfred Hitchcock, the chauffeur Worthington, and the police inspectors Reynolds and Cotta. “We Investigate Anything” is The Three Investigators' trademark slogan on their business card. Most often, Jupiter is the one to hand over the card in a fitting moment to see the clients’ reactions to the three question marks. Often, that reaction is a joke, with the clients asking whether the question marks mean the investigators doubt their own abilities. Jupiter usually retorts something like: “That's our symbol. [...] The question marks stand for mysteries unsolved, riddles unanswered, puzzles of any kind. So we use it as our trademark. We investigate any kind of mystery.”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To prove themselves, The Three Investigators usually have a lot of persuading to do in the beginning, as the clients often mistrust their abilities because the investigators are so young. </p><p>In their first cases, The Three Investigators also provide, apart from their business card, a letter of recommendation from the Police Department of Rocky Beach signed by Chief Inspector Samuel Reynolds. It says: "The holder of this badge is a junior volunteer assistant to the Police Department of Rocky Beach. The authority advocates any support from third parties." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jupiter">Jupiter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jupiter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Jupiter "Jupe" Jones</b>, First Investigator—A former child actor named "Baby Fatso", although he hates it when people mention this. Jupiter is intelligent and stocky, and has a remarkable memory and deductive skills. Jupiter's parents (professional <a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballroom dancer">ballroom dancers</a>) died in an accident when he was four years old. Although “An Ear for Danger” mentions a car accident as their cause of death, in the episode “... das leere Grab” (German only), they are said to have disappeared following a plane crash. Jupiter lives with his uncle and aunt, Titus and Mathilda Jones, who manage a scrapyard. </p><p>Jupiter's past acting ability benefits him frequently in mysteries because he can act older than he is, perform imitations of people when necessary and act less intelligent to extract information from potential suspects. </p><p>Jupiter is a prolific reader and inventor and frequently invents a device that simplifies solving a mystery. Jupiter has a knack for interpreting clues to solve otherwise unsolvable mysteries. He also likes to play pranks on the other two investigators. Because of his intellectual side, Jupe is adept at using big words and frequently uses them to his advantage, particularly to seem older, annoy Pete, and startle adults. Jupe hates to dismiss an unsolved mystery, which frequently means that he drags Bob and Pete along for the ride.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peter">Peter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Peter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Peter "Pete" Crenshaw</b>, Second Investigator—Pete is an athletic youth who dislikes dangerous situations, but is nonetheless reliable as the "action member" of the team. Pete loves and cares for animals, and is fond of uttering the exclamation "Gleeps!". His father works as a film technician for special effects in Hollywood. </p><p>Pete is a frequent companion of Jupiter on stake-outs and other field trips, particularly in the earlier mysteries, when Bob is unavailable. While he may not have the intellectual ability of Jupiter, Pete is nonetheless considered as an equal in the stories and is able to point out Jupiter's own shortcomings (usually in a comical fashion). He is also capable of making deductions and sometimes serves as the clue-bearer instead of Bob. He has an excellent sense of direction, as in <i>The Mystery of the Stuttering Parrot</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bob">Bob</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bob"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Robert "Bob" Andrews</b>, Records and Research—Bob is studious and meticulous, and wears glasses. Depending on the case, Bob's father is a <a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">sports writer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Business journalist">business journalist</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">political journalist</a>, and occasionally helps The Three Investigators in some of their cases. </p><p>Early in the series, Bob is hampered physically by a leg brace he wore, due to multiple fractures suffered when he rolled down a hill. This handicap relegated him to a more studious and less physical involvement. Bob works part-time in the <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">local library</a>, suiting his role as data collector. Bob also serves as the clue-bearer for many of the adventures, because of his research at the library. Bob's leg brace is removed between the end of <i>Whispering Mummy</i> and the beginning of <i>Green Ghost</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part <a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">workshop</a>, hideaway, and detective office, the Three Investigators maintain their headquarters in an old <a href="/wiki/House_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="House trailer">house trailer</a> hidden among piles of junk at the edge of the Jones' scrapyard. The house trailer is outfitted with multiple secret exits, a small lab, <a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">darkroom</a>, telephone, typewriter, and <a href="/wiki/Reference_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference works">reference works</a>. Jupiter often used spare parts salvaged from the scrapyard to build equipment for the team, including a <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">periscope</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copyright_dispute">Copyright dispute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Copyright dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Three_Investigators" title="Special:EditPage/Three Investigators">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_position">Initial position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Initial position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The series was invented by American writer Robert Arthur in the US in 1964. Arthur sold the international exploitation rights to the publisher Random House, however he retained the copyright. The contract included the rights to publish books, films, comics and mechanical <a href="/wiki/Sound_reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound reproduction">sound reproduction</a>. Since there was no significant audio book market at that time, it is legally not clearly determinable and therefore doubtful whether this "mechanical sound reproduction" describes the medium of audio books or radio plays as they exist now. The Franckh-Kosmos publisher of Random House acquired the German-speaking exploitation rights in 1968. The label <a href="/wiki/Europa_(record_label)" title="Europa (record label)">EUROPA</a> received the rights to the audio version of the series as part of the sublicense partners of the Kosmos Verlag. </p><p>After Robert Arthur's death in 1969, the copyrights were given to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. In his will, Arthur declared that "all rights, legal titles and stakes, [he] owned by the time of [his] death, concerning all published books, short stories, plays or unpublished manuscripts, including all issued copyright claims, just as all rights for license fees and subsidiary rights, as it is specified in [his] contracts with publishers" were to be given to the University of Michigan. </p><p>Since then Random House had been paying <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalties</a> to the university, but they stopped doing so as of 1992, because it was not clear whether the University of Michigan still had a legal entitlement. The <a href="/wiki/American_copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="American copyright law">American copyright law</a> said that literature that received a copyright before 1977 had a safeguard clause that made sure that all licenses automatically returned to the author or his heirs after 28 years. As a result of that, Random House and Arthur's heirs, his children Elizabeth Ann Arthur and Robert Andrew Arthur, signed a contract for the rights of use of the volumes of Arthur and the further usage of the characters, under the condition that the 10 books were to be brought back onto the American market. </p><p>After the series was discontinued in the US in 1991, Kosmos Verlag sought the rights to continue the series in Germany with German authors, and in 1994 signed a corresponding contract with Random House without the consent of Arthur's heirs. </p><p>In 2002, Random House returned the rights of the ten volumes to Robert Arthur's heirs after the publisher failed to comply with the agreed republications of the works. In 1999, however, Kosmos-Verlag had already registered the word mark <a href="/w/index.php?title=%22Die_Drei_%3F%3F%3F%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=""Die Drei ???" (page does not exist)">"Die Drei ???"</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_drei_%3F%3F%3F" class="extiw" title="de:Die drei ???">de</a>]</sup> throughout Germany and by 2003 throughout Europe as well as a European trademark for audio carriers and printed products. </p><p>Negotiations between Kosmos Verlag and the heirs on a new usage rights agreement failed because Kosmos relied on its trademark registration and ongoing agreements with Random House. Furthermore, Kosmos doubted that Arthur's heirs were the right holders since according to Arthur's will, all rights were to be transferred to the University of Michigan. At the end of 2004, Random House and Kosmos signed an extensive agreement to transfer all rights to the other American novels not written by Arthur to Kosmos Verlag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit">Lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the unclear legal situation, EUROPA decided at the beginning of 2005 not to publish any further episodes based on the book templates of Kosmos Verlag and discontinued the license payments to Kosmos. At that time the books “Spur ins Nichts” and “...und der Geisterzug” (both German only) had already been recorded as a radio play. </p><p>In 2006, the parent company of the European label <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a> (formerly Sony BMG) finally gained all the German rights on Arthur's creations and the use of the original characters and showplaces independently from Kosmos publishing house of Robert Arthur's successors. The contract contained the right to order new books in German, as well as the right to evaluate the sound storage medium. Moreover, all were transferred: from "[...] interests [of Arthur's children] in all German audio recordings, bound books, pocketbooks, theatrical performances and electronic film recordings of theatrical performances to all existing derived products in Sony BMG". EUROPA developed a new audio book named "<a href="/w/index.php?title=DiE_DR3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DiE DR3i (page does not exist)">DiE DR3i</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiE_DR3i" class="extiw" title="de:DiE DR3i">de</a>]</sup>" based on it. Indeed, EUROPA avoided the use of the name "Die Drei ???" and also the name created by Kosmos because of the protection of the brand. Instead of that only characters and names which were based on Arthur's ideas were used (characters’ original names). </p><p>The Kosmos publishing house continued its series of books under well-known titles and with famous character's names. The society<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> filed a lawsuit against the Kosmos publishing house because Sony BMG itself saw its exploitation rights violated. A provisional disposal was obtained against the sale of two novels “Spuk im Netz” and “Der Fluch des Drachen” (both German only). </p><p>Because of this, the two books had to be taken off the market retroactively. This verdict was overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Oberlandesgericht" title="Oberlandesgericht">Higher Regional Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> on May 13, 2007. The judges were unable to identify Robert Arthur's children as the rightful owners of the copyright law. They found that the University of Michigan rightfully inherited the works of Robert Arthur and his characters, meaning that his heirs could not have transferred the rights to Sony BMG. A due date was set for the complainant of Sony BMG to submit the new chain-of-title as well as the new contracts as they were available to her. Eventually, Kosmos and Sony BMG negotiated again to come to an extrajudicial agreement, causing the delivery of Episode 7 of "DiE DR3i" to be delayed. The final release date of Episodes 7 and 8 was 30 November 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outcome">Outcome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2008, Sony BMG and Kosmos came to an agreement. The rights to the books as well as the brand name, which were the foundation for the audio dramas remained with Kosmos as well as all other publishing products, including calendars, non-fiction literature, mobile and computer games, science kits and board games. </p><p>The rights to use audio material with the inclusion of the entire catalog as well as stage shows, plays and the commercialization of merchandise remain with the record label Europa. </p><p>Since 4 April 2008, new German editions under the name “Die Drei ???” have been published, based on the books published by Kosmos. The rights to continue the hugely successful audio plays “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Drei_%3F%3F%3F_Kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Drei ??? Kids (page does not exist)">Die Drei ??? Kids</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_drei_%3F%3F%3F_Kids" class="extiw" title="de:Die drei ??? Kids">de</a>]</sup>” were transferred to Europa as well. The already published audio play episodes were sold by the previous license holder USM until late 2008. Furthermore, a withdrawal of the series "DiE DR3i" from sale until 1 January 2009 was agreed upon. </p><p>Since 1999, the spin-off series “Die Drei ??? Kids”, issued by publisher Kosmos, has been supposed to target a much younger audience. The contents of the stories were thus tailored to be more suitable for children and to be less complex. Besides, with an age of only ten years, the young detectives are considerably younger than in the current episodes of the original series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_and_foreign-language_editions">International and foreign-language editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: International and foreign-language editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tin_Goyenda" title="Tin Goyenda">Tin Goyenda</a></div> <p>The Three Investigators have also been published in Bangladesh by <a href="/wiki/Sheba_Prokashoni" title="Sheba Prokashoni">Sheba Prokashoni</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Tin_Goyenda" title="Tin Goyenda">Tin Goyenda</a></i> (translated by Rakib Hasan) since 1985 and appealed to many young Bangladeshi readers till this day. In the Bengali editions, Jupiter Jones is known as Kishor Pasha (কিশোর পাশা, a Bangladeshi American). The other two are named as Musa Aman (মুসা আমান, African American) and Robin Milford (রবিন মিলফোর্ড, Irish American). Other characters include Rashed Chacha (রাশেদচাচা, corresponding to Uncle Titus), Mary Chachi (মেরিচাচী, corresponding to Aunt Mathilda), Georgina 'Gina' Parker and her pet dog Ruffian, the chauffeur Hanson, Bavarian brothers Boris and Rover, and movie director Davis Christopher (in place of Alfred Hitchcock). The character <a href="/wiki/Skinny_Norris" class="mw-redirect" title="Skinny Norris">Skinny Norris</a> appears as <a href="/wiki/Shutki_Terry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shutki Terry">Shutki Terry</a> (শুঁটকি টেরি) and the famous French art thief appears as Chaupain (শোঁপা). The character Victor Simon in the Bangladeshi edition appears in the place of "Hector Sebastian". The stories are generally set in Rocky Beach, California, although the investigators travel to exotic places like Africa and Bangladesh on occasions. The stories featuring Gina and her pet dog Ruffian were actually a Bangla adaptation from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Five_(novel_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Famous Five (novel series)">The Famous Five</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Enid_Blyton" title="Enid Blyton">Enid Blyton</a>. The name Gina is a short form of 'Georgina' which was the same name used in <i>The Famous Five</i>. She also owns a pet dog in <i>The Famous Five</i> series, named Timmy. A total of 152 books have been published till the National Book Fair of 2020 in Bangladesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Denmark, 13 books were published from 1966–70 by <i>Hasselbalch</i> under the title "<i>Alfred Hitchcock og De tre Detektiver</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the rest were also released in the following years by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lademann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lademann (page does not exist)">Lademann</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>46 books were published in Finland by <a href="/wiki/Gummerus" title="Gummerus">Gummerus</a> between 1975 and 1990 under the title "<i>Alfred Hitchcock <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_etsiv%C3%A4%C3%A4" class="extiw" title="fi:3 etsivää">3 Etsivää</a></i>". Translations include all the 43 books from the original series, but in slightly different order than in US, 2 from the Find Your Fate series (#44 The Case of the Weeping Coffin and #45 The Case of the Dancing Dinosaur) and 1 from the Crimebusters series (#46 Hot Wheels). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France, the original nine books were published during the 1970s by the <i><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_verte" title="Bibliothèque verte">Bibliothèque verte</a></i> collection of books for young readers under the title "<i>Les Trois Jeunes Détectives</i>" ("The Three young detectives").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the series continued. As a whole, 37 volumes (including four of the Crimebusters series) has been published. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/German_editions_of_the_Three_Investigators" title="German editions of the Three Investigators">German editions of the Three Investigators</a></div> <p>The Three Investigators books have always been very popular in Germany. In 1968 the Kosmos publishing company started to publish translations of the 43 original books which they retitled <i>Die drei ???</i> (<i>Die drei Fragezeichen</i>, meaning "The Three Question Marks"). Kosmos also renamed Jupiter Jones as "Justus Jonas" and shortened Peter Crenshaw's name to "Peter Shaw". Bob Andrews retained his original name. In 1993 Kosmos started to publish new written books by German authors. </p><p>In 1979 the German publisher Europa started a radio drama based on the books, as published by Kosmos. All in all, as of September 2024, this resulted in 234 books (usually 6 books per year, 3 during spring and 3 during autumn) and 229 radio dramas published. In 2005, a litigation between Kosmos and Europa disallowed the latter to use the German names introduced by Kosmos. Subsequently, Europa published a nine episode radio drama named "DiE DR3i" between 2005 and 2007. "DiE DR3i" were mostly identical to "Die drei ???" and they also used the same German voice-actors, but changed the disallowed names to their English originals. "DiE Dr3i" were stopped when Europa and Kosmos reached an agreement and "Die drei ???" resumed again. </p><p>Taped radio dramas (<i>Hörspiele</i>) of the novels have been especially popular in Germany with most of them having been certified Gold or Platinum by the German Federal Association of Music Industry. In total, the radio dramas have sold more than 45 million copies and the books about 16 million copies in Germany (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study conducted in 2009 by the series' publisher <i>Europa</i> suggests that nowadays, most fans are between 20 and 45 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The radio actors, who have been narrating the plays since 1979, toured the country multiple times to perform plays in front of a live-audience. They broke their own <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Record</a> when performing <i>Phonophobia – Symphony of Fear</i> in front of 20,000 people at Berlin <a href="/wiki/Waldb%C3%BChne" title="Waldbühne">Waldbühne</a> during 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the booklet of the German audio play <i>The Mystery of the Invisible Dog</i>, the episode upon which it was based is credited erroneously to Nick West. Moreover, in Germany there are different revised editions of <i>The Mystery of the Scar-faced Beggar</i>: one using Alfred Hitchcock as their patron, one using Alfred Hitchcock and Hector Sebastian, and another one using only Hector Sebastian (in Germany renamed as "Albert Hitfield"). </p><p>New English-language Three Investigators titles were released during 2005 for the first time since 1990. The German 'American-English' series included the release of <i>Poisoned E-Mail</i> and <i>The Curse of the Cell Phone</i>. As of May 2008, a total of seven German stories had been translated and published in this format, and an eighth title was planned for publication during October 2008.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2006, following the example of “Die drei ???”/"The Three Investigators", a detective series specifically for girls titled “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_drei_!!!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die drei !!! (page does not exist)">Die drei !!!</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_drei_!!!" class="extiw" title="de:Die drei !!!">de</a>]</sup>” was launched by publisher Franckh-Kosmos. In a similar way as the original, the book series contains stories about a teenage detective trio, only this time consisting of three girls; the stories take place in a big German city. </p><p>The band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter_Jones_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter Jones (band) (page does not exist)">Jupiter Jones</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_Jones" class="extiw" title="de:Jupiter Jones">de</a>]</sup>, formed in 2002, named themselves after the original name of the first detective Jupiter Jones (Justus Jonas in German). The rock band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpatenhund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpatenhund (page does not exist)">Karpatenhund</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karpatenhund" class="extiw" title="de:Karpatenhund">de</a>]</sup> ("Carpathian Dog") from <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> named themselves after a title of one episode ("Mystery of the Invisible Dog"). On the album “Bordsteinkantengeschichten” by the band <a href="/wiki/Muff_Potter" class="mw-redirect" title="Muff Potter">Muff Potter</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muff_Potter" class="extiw" title="de:Muff Potter">de</a>]</sup>, a long scream from the episode “Der seltsame Wecker” ("Mystery of the Screaming Clock") can be heard. The intro and outro of the album “Alles auf Schwarz” by the rock band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montreal (band) (page does not exist)">Montreal (band)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(Band)" class="extiw" title="de:Montreal (Band)">de</a>]</sup> from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> are narrated by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Rohrbeck" title="Oliver Rohrbeck">Oliver Rohrbeck</a> in the role of Justus Jonas, but without mentioning Justus’ name. Techno musician and sound artist Phillip Sollmann adapted his pseudonym <i>Efdemin</i> from the character <i>Mihai Eftimin</i> in the episode "Die flammende Spur" ("The flaming trace"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Greece, <i>The Three Investigators</i> have been published as <i>Oi Treis Ntetektiv</i> (Οι Τρεις Ντετέκτιβ) since 1990 by <a href="/wiki/Psichogios_Publications" title="Psichogios Publications">Psichogios Publications</a> and earlier by others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Three Investigators books have been published in India, in addition to the original American versions, by the name of "Bal Secret Agent 555 Ranga, Ganga & Shirazi". Ranga is Pete, Ganga is Jupe and Shirazi is Bob. These were published by Khel Khiladi Prakashan, <a href="/wiki/West_Patel_Nagar" title="West Patel Nagar">West Patel Nagar</a>, Delhi during the 1970s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Three Investigators books have been published in Indonesia under the name of <i>Trio Detektif</i>. These were published by <a href="/wiki/Gramedia_Pustaka_Utama" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramedia Pustaka Utama">Gramedia Pustaka Utama</a> (the biggest book publisher in Indonesia), Jakarta from the 1980s to 1990.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, the Three Investigators novels have been published in paperback form by <a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Mondadori_Editore" title="Arnoldo Mondadori Editore">Mondadori</a>, during the 1970s and 1980s, within their <i>Il giallo dei ragazzi</i> series, which included the <a href="/wiki/Hardy_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardy Boys">Hardy Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Drew" title="Nancy Drew">Nancy Drew</a> and other juvenile sleuths' adventures. The cover author for the Three Investigators books was always Alfred Hitchcock, whereas the inner copyright notice correctly reported the real author (although saying "Text by ..."). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, the series was published three times. </p><p>From 1969 to 1971, 4 books were published by Nihon Publishing. </p><p>In 1976, 6 books were published by Kaiseisha (Originally, 10 books were planned to be published). They were illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ishikawa" title="Ken Ishikawa">Ken Ishikawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Go_Nagai#Dynamic_Productions" title="Go Nagai">Dynamic Productions</a>. </p><p>From 1987 to 1988, 10 books were published by Kaiseisha, yet again. They were not exactly the same as the publication planned for 1976, and 2 from the Find Your Fate series.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin">Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German demand for the adventures of The Three Investigators produced another offshoot in 2011. Ulrich Krauße translated <i>The Curse of the Dragon</i> into Latin with three German Latin teachers working as proofreaders. Krauße's translation, titled <i>De Tribus Investigatoribus et Fato Draconis</i>, was popular in Germany among students of Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Three Investigators books have been published in Lithuania and were popular among teenagers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>23 books were published in Norway by <i>Forlagshuset</i> between 1969 and 1981 "<i>Alfred Hitchcock og de tre Detektivene</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thirteen stories of <i>The Three Investigators</i> have been published in Pakistan, in Urdu, as <i>Teen nanhay suraghrasaan</i> (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تین ننھے سراغ رساں</span>) in 1977/78 by <a href="/wiki/Ferozsons" title="Ferozsons">Ferozsons</a> Publishers. They have also been published in the monthly <i><a href="/wiki/Taleem-o-Tarbiat" title="Taleem-o-Tarbiat">Taleem-o-Tarbiat</a></i> magazine for children. The names of the characters are "Umber" (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عنبر</span>, Jupiter Jones), "Naseem" (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نسیم</span>, Pete) and "Aaqib" (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">عاقب</span>, Bob). The name of their Mercedes Benz driver is Allahdad (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">الله‌داد</span>). They live in Karimabad. Umber is tall and lanky as opposed to Jupiter's character, who is stocky. Naseem, like Pete, is the most athletic of all. The translators are Saleem Ahmed Siddiqui and Maqbool Jahangir. They have done a good job adapting the stories to match Pakistani culture and geography.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sixty-one original stories (including <i>Crimebusters</i>) have been published in Poland (by Siedmiorog), where they were recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> still very popular.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Portugal, the Three Investigators novels started to be published in hard cover edition by <i>Clássica Editora</i>, within <i>Os melhores livros juvenis</i> series, which included other juvenile adventures by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enid_Blyton" title="Enid Blyton">Enid Blyton</a> and <a href="/wiki/E.W._Hildick" class="mw-redirect" title="E.W. Hildick">E.W. Hildick</a>. </p><p>The first book published was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Terror_Castle" title="The Secret of Terror Castle">The Secret of Terror Castle</a></i> in the 1970s (second edition in 1978). The cover author for the Three Investigators books was always Alfred Hitchcock. In the first editions the inner copyright notice correctly reported the real author (although saying "written in cooperation with..."). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The books have been popular among teenagers in Russia under the name of '<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Альфред Хичкок и Три Сыщика">три сыщика</a>'(three detectives). It was a part of series '<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="extiw" title="ru:Детский детектив (книжная серия)">детский детектив</a>' (juvenile detectives). Published between 1992 and 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The books have also been very popular among children and teenagers in Slovakia under the name of 'Traja pátrači' where the books were published by Mladé Letá. <a href="/w/index.php?title=86_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="86 books (page does not exist)">86 books</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traja_p%C3%A1tra%C4%8Di" class="extiw" title="sk:Traja pátrači">sk</a>]</sup> have been translated from original, Crimebuster and German series, but not in order of original release.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the French, Vietnamese, Thai, Indonesian and Italian version of the series, the books were at one time published with Alfred Hitchcock listed as their author. The same error was made in some German paperback editions published at the beginning of the 1980s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Similarly, all British Armada paperback editions of the title <i>The Mystery of the Moaning Cave</i> are credited erroneously to Robert Arthur. Moreover, the British series reversed the order of #42 and #43, meaning that the Armada original series ends with <i>Wreckers' Rock</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spain, <i>The Mystery of the Moaning Cave</i>, <i>The Mystery of the Laughing Shadow</i>, <i>The Secret of the Crooked Cat</i>, <i>The Mystery of the Coughing Dragon</i>, <i>The Mystery of Monster Mountain</i> as well as <i>The Mystery of the Headless Horse</i> are erroneously credited to Robert Arthur. The new Latin-American edition has the name of <i>Los tres detectives</i> instead of <i>Los Tres Investigadores</i>, which was used in Spain for earlier editions. Catalan translations were also published.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All the original 43 were published in Sweden under the name <i>Alfred Hitchcock och Tre Deckare</i>. They were published as part of the youth fiction series from publisher B. Wahlströms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, a Three Investigators movie, <i>The Three Investigators and the Secret of Skeleton Island</i>, was released in Germany, starring Chancellor Miller as Jupiter, Nick Price as Pete, and <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Monaghan" title="Cameron Monaghan">Cameron Monaghan</a> as Bob. It was followed in 2009 by <i>The Three Investigators and the Secret of Terror Castle</i>. Although adopting the same titles as two of the novels, and some of the characters, the stories in the films are significantly different from those in the books on which they are based. </p><p>In Germany, the franchise has also been adapted into <a href="/wiki/Audioplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Audioplay">audioplays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novels</a>. </p><p>In the UK, the first two stories from the series were adapted into audioplays by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kelsey" title="Edward Kelsey">Edward Kelsey</a> and released by Rainbow Communications; both were directed by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bilbow" title="Tony Bilbow">Tony Bilbow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2021 computer game <a href="/wiki/ELEX" title="ELEX">ELEX II</a> features the mission 'Hitch and the Three Investigators', an homage to the book series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mystery of the Talking Skull (1969, by Robert Arthur)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3investigators.homestead.com/files/t3ihome.htm">"T3I Readers' Site"</a>. <i>3investigators.homestead.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3investigators.homestead.com&rft.atitle=T3I+Readers%27+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F3investigators.homestead.com%2Ffiles%2Ft3ihome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Investigators" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://danskforfatterleksikon.dk/1850tit/0128/sknr128997.htm">[1]</a> retrieved Oct 23rd, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/die-drei-rekordumsatz-mit-den-kindlichen-krimihelden-a-936500.html"><i> Umsatzbringer "Die drei Fragezeichen" : Da sieht Lady Gaga alt aus</i></a>. Spiegel Online, 30 November 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/kult-um-die-3-fragezeichen-lauter-grosse-kinder-1869533.html"><i>Lauter große Kinder</i></a>. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 30 October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/berlin-kultur/article131067126/Die-Drei-stellen-in-Berliner-Waldbuehne-Weltrekord-auf.html"><i>Die "Drei ???" stellen in Berliner Waldbühne Weltrekord auf</i></a>. Berliner Morgenpost, August 10, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://retromaniax.gr/threads/%CE%9F%CE%B9-%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82-%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2.16247/page-3">"Οι Τρεις Ντετέκτιβ"</a>. <i>Retromaniax</i>. September 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retromaniax&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CE%B9+%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2&rft.date=2011-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fretromaniax.gr%2Fthreads%2F%25CE%259F%25CE%25B9-%25CE%25A4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582-%25CE%259D%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BA%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B2.16247%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Investigators" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000004-I000576970-00">"金庫館の秘密 (偕成社) 書誌詳細"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">国立国会図書館</a>サーチ</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81&rft.atitle=%E9%87%91%E5%BA%AB%E9%A4%A8%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86+%28%E5%81%95%E6%88%90%E7%A4%BE%29+%E6%9B%B8%E8%AA%8C%E8%A9%B3%E7%B4%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiss.ndl.go.jp%2Fbooks%2FR100000004-I000576970-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Investigators" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001931141-00"><i>黄金の恐竜事件 (偕成社) 書誌詳細</i></a> (in Japanese). 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">国立国会図書館</a>サーチ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E3%81%AE%E6%81%90%E7%AB%9C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6+%28%E5%81%95%E6%88%90%E7%A4%BE%29+%E6%9B%B8%E8%AA%8C%E8%A9%B3%E7%B4%B0&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiss.ndl.go.jp%2Fbooks%2FR100000002-I000001931141-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Investigators" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulrich Krauße: Die drei ??? – De Tribus Investigatoribus et Fato Draconis, Editio Latina, 9,95 Euro, 182 S., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9813892-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9813892-0-3">978-3-9813892-0-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/nachrichten/kultur/msfe/art2551,1144082">Ruhrnachrichten, Jan 3rd, 2011 (German)</a> retrieved Jan 15th, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/label/214952-Rainbow-5?page=1">"Rainbow (5) | Discogs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainbow+%285%29+%26%23124%3B+Discogs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2Flabel%2F214952-Rainbow-5%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Investigators" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Björn Akstinat, <i>Das ABC der drei Fragezeichen</i> (ABC of The Three Investigators), Baden-Baden: Humboldt-Verlag, 2008.</li> <li>Armin Paul Frank, <i>Das englische und amerikanische Hörspiel</i>. München: Fink, 1981.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Investigators&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.threeinvestigatorsbooks.com/index.html">Three Investigators Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3investigators.homestead.com">T3I Readers' Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tunneltwo.com">TunnelTwo.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocky-beach.com">rocky-beach.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Template:Alfred Hitchcock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Template talk:Alfred Hitchcock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alfred Hitchcock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alfred_Hitchcock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_filmography" title="Alfred Hitchcock filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Alfred Hitchcock's unrealized projects">Unproduced projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themes_and_plot_devices_in_Hitchcock_films" title="Themes and plot devices in Hitchcock films">Themes and plot devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cameo_appearances_by_Alfred_Hitchcock" title="List of cameo appearances by Alfred Hitchcock">Cameos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Alfred_Hitchcock" title="List of awards and nominations received by Alfred Hitchcock">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_bibliography" title="Alfred Hitchcock bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Silent<br />films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Garden_(1925_film)" title="The Pleasure Garden (1925 film)">The Pleasure Garden</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain_Eagle" title="The Mountain Eagle">The Mountain Eagle</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lodger:_A_Story_of_the_London_Fog" title="The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog">The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_(1927_film)" title="The Ring (1927 film)">The Ring</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Downhill_(1927_film)" title="Downhill (1927 film)">Downhill</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farmer%27s_Wife" title="The Farmer's Wife">The Farmer's Wife</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easy_Virtue_(1928_film)" title="Easy Virtue (1928 film)">Easy Virtue</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(1928_film)" title="Champagne (1928 film)">Champagne</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Manxman_(1929_film)" title="The Manxman (1929 film)">The Manxman</a></i> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British<br />sound films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackmail_(1929_film)" title="Blackmail (1929 film)">Blackmail</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_and_the_Paycock_(film)" title="Juno and the Paycock (film)">Juno and the Paycock</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murder!" title="Murder!">Murder!</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Calling" title="Elstree Calling">Elstree Calling</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skin_Game_(1931_film)" title="The Skin Game (1931 film)">The Skin Game</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_(1931_film)" title="Mary (1931 film)">Mary</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rich_and_Strange" title="Rich and Strange">Rich and Strange</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Number_Seventeen" title="Number Seventeen">Number Seventeen</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waltzes_from_Vienna" title="Waltzes from Vienna">Waltzes from Vienna</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1934_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_39_Steps_(1935_film)" title="The 39 Steps (1935 film)">The 39 Steps</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_(1936_film)" title="Secret Agent (1936 film)">Secret Agent</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabotage_(1936_film)" title="Sabotage (1936 film)">Sabotage</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_and_Innocent" title="Young and Innocent">Young and Innocent</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Inn_(film)" title="Jamaica Inn (film)">Jamaica Inn</a></i> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hollywood<br />and later</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondent_(film)" title="Foreign Correspondent (film)">Foreign Correspondent</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._%26_Mrs._Smith_(1941_film)" title="Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941 film)">Mr. & Mrs. Smith</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspicion_(1941_film)" title="Suspicion (1941 film)">Suspicion</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saboteur_(film)" title="Saboteur (film)">Saboteur</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadow_of_a_Doubt" title="Shadow of a Doubt">Shadow of a Doubt</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(1944_film)" title="Lifeboat (1944 film)">Lifeboat</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spellbound_(1945_film)" title="Spellbound (1945 film)">Spellbound</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notorious_(1946_film)" title="Notorious (1946 film)">Notorious</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Paradine_Case" title="The Paradine Case">The Paradine Case</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rope_(film)" title="Rope (film)">Rope</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_Capricorn" title="Under Capricorn">Under Capricorn</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stage_Fright_(1950_film)" title="Stage Fright (1950 film)">Stage Fright</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strangers_on_a_Train_(film)" title="Strangers on a Train (film)">Strangers on a Train</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Confess_(film)" title="I Confess (film)">I Confess</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dial_M_for_Murder" title="Dial M for Murder">Dial M for Murder</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rear_Window" title="Rear Window">Rear Window</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Catch_a_Thief" title="To Catch a Thief">To Catch a Thief</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trouble_with_Harry" title="The Trouble with Harry">The Trouble with Harry</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Too_Much_(1956_film)" title="The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)">The Man Who Knew Too Much</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wrong_Man" title="The Wrong Man">The Wrong Man</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_(film)" title="Vertigo (film)">Vertigo</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_by_Northwest" title="North by Northwest">North by Northwest</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_(film)" title="The Birds (film)">The Birds</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marnie_(film)" title="Marnie (film)">Marnie</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torn_Curtain" title="Torn Curtain">Torn Curtain</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topaz_(1969_film)" title="Topaz (1969 film)">Topaz</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frenzy" title="Frenzy">Frenzy</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Plot" title="Family Plot">Family Plot</a></i> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Always_Tell_Your_Wife" title="Always Tell Your Wife">Always Tell Your Wife</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Elastic_Affair" title="An Elastic Affair">An Elastic Affair</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aventure_Malgache" title="Aventure Malgache">Aventure Malgache</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bon_Voyage_(1944_film)" title="Bon Voyage (1944 film)">Bon Voyage</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fighting_Generation" title="The Fighting Generation">The Fighting Generation</a></i> (1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">Alfred Hitchcock Presents</a></i> (1955, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents_episodes" title="Lists of Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes">episodes</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incident_at_a_Corner" title="Incident at a Corner">Incident at a Corner</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents_(1985_TV_series)" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1985 TV series)"><i>Alfred Hitchcock Presents</i></a> (1985, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents_(1985_TV_series)_episodes" title="List of Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1985 TV series) episodes">episodes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchcockian" title="Hitchcockian">Hitchcockian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Number_13_(1922_film)" title="Number 13 (1922 film)">Number 13</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Short_Night" title="The Short Night">The Short Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blackguard" title="The Blackguard">The Blackguard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Camber%27s_Ladies" title="Lord Camber's Ladies">Lord Camber's Ladies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_Concentration_Camps_Factual_Survey" title="German Concentration Camps Factual Survey">German Concentration Camps Factual Survey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock%27s_Mystery_Magazine" title="Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine">Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock%27s_Anthology" title="Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology">Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three Investigators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_Pictures" title="Transatlantic Pictures">Transatlantic Pictures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Anxiety" title="High Anxiety">High Anxiety</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock:_The_Art_of_Making_Movies" title="Alfred Hitchcock: The Art of Making Movies">Alfred Hitchcock: The Art of Making Movies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_and_the_Making_of_Psycho" title="Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho">Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitchcock_(film)" title="Hitchcock (film)">Hitchcock</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remakes_of_films_by_Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Remakes of films by Alfred Hitchcock">Remakes of films by Alfred Hitchcock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_(2012_TV_film)" title="The Girl (2012 TV film)">The Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitchcock/Truffaut" title="Hitchcock/Truffaut">Hitchcock/Truffaut</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchcock/Truffaut_(film)" title="Hitchcock/Truffaut (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Name_Is_Alfred_Hitchcock" title="My Name Is Alfred Hitchcock">My Name Is Alfred Hitchcock</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Reville" title="Alma Reville">Alma Reville (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hitchcock" title="Pat Hitchcock">Pat Hitchcock (daughter)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Category:Alfred Hitchcock">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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