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multi-periods input</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: multi-periods input"> <meta name="keywords" content="multi-periods input"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="multi-periods input"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2185</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: multi-periods input</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2185</span> Tolerating Input Faults in Asynchronous Sequential Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Min%20Yang">Jung-Min Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method of tolerating input faults for input/state asynchronous sequential machines is proposed. A corrective controller is placed in front of the considered asynchronous machine to realize model matching with a reference model. The value of the external input transmitted to the closed-loop system may change by fault. We address the existence condition for the controller that can counteract adverse effects of any input fault while maintaining the objective of model matching. A design procedure for constructing the controller is outlined. The proposed reachability condition for the controller design is validated in an illustrative example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asynchronous%20sequential%20machines" title="asynchronous sequential machines">asynchronous sequential machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrective%20control" title=" corrective control"> corrective control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20faults" title=" input faults"> input faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20matching" title=" model matching"> model matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41919/tolerating-input-faults-in-asynchronous-sequential-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2184</span> Symbolic Analysis of Input Impedance of CMOS Floating Active Inductors with Application in Fully Differential Bandpass Amplifier </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittipong%20Tripetch">Kittipong Tripetch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes studies of input impedance of two types of the CMOS active inductor. It derives two input impedance formulas. The first formula is the input impedance of a grounded active inductor. The second formula is an input impedance of floating active inductor. After that, these formulas can be used to simulate magnitude and phase response of input impedance as a function of current consumption with MATLAB. Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a fully differential bandpass amplifier is derived based on superposition principle. CMRR as a function of input frequency is plotted as a function of current consumption <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounded%20active%20inductor" title="grounded active inductor">grounded active inductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20active%20inductor" title=" floating active inductor"> floating active inductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fully%20differential%20bandpass%20amplifier" title=" fully differential bandpass amplifier "> fully differential bandpass amplifier </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2174/symbolic-analysis-of-input-impedance-of-cmos-floating-active-inductors-with-application-in-fully-differential-bandpass-amplifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2183</span> Measurement of CES Production Functions Considering Energy as an Input</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donglan%20Zha">Donglan Zha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiansong%20Si"> Jiansong Si</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of its flexibility, CES attracts much interest in economic growth and programming models, and the macroeconomics or micro-macro models. This paper focuses on the development, estimating methods of CES production function considering energy as an input. We leave for future research work of relaxing the assumption of constant returns to scale, the introduction of potential input factors, and the generalization method of the optimal nested form of multi-factor production functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias%20of%20technical%20change" title="bias of technical change">bias of technical change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CES%20production%20function" title=" CES production function"> CES production function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity%20of%20substitution" title=" elasticity of substitution"> elasticity of substitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20input" title=" energy input"> energy input</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52588/measurement-of-ces-production-functions-considering-energy-as-an-input" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2182</span> Preparation of Regional Input-Output Table for Fars Province in 2011: GRIT1Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Akbarzadeh">Maryam Akbarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Esmaeilzadeh"> F. Esmaeilzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Poostvar"> A. Poostvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Manuchehri"> M. Manuchehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preparation of regional input-output tables requires statistical methods combined with high costs and too much time. Obtained estimates by non-statistical methods have low confidence coefficient. Therefore, integrated methods for this purpose are suggested by recent input–output studies. In this study, first GRIT method is introduced as an appropriate integrated method for preparation of input-output table of Fars province. Next, input-output table is prepared for Fars province using this method. Therefore, this study is based on input-output table of national economy in 2001. Necessary modifications performed in the field of changes at level of prices and differences of regional trade compared with other areas at national level. Moreover, up to date statistics and information and technical experts view on the various economic sectors along with input-output table 33 was used in 2011 followed by investigation of general structure of the province economy based on the amounts of added value obtained from this table. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grit" title="grit">grit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input-output" title=" input-output"> input-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=table" title=" table"> table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional" title=" regional "> regional </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3237/preparation-of-regional-input-output-table-for-fars-province-in-2011-grit1method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2181</span> Input-Output Analysis in Laptop Computer Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Z.%20Ulukan">H. Z. Ulukan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Demircio%C4%9Flu"> E. Demircioğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Erol%20Genevois"> M. Erol Genevois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scope of this paper and the aim of proposed model were to apply monetary Input –Output (I-O) analysis to point out the importance of reusing know-how and other requirements in order to reduce the production costs in a manufacturing process for a laptop computer. I-O approach using the monetary input-output model is employed to demonstrate the impacts of different factors in a manufacturing process. A sensitivity analysis showing the correlation between these different factors is also presented. It is expected that the recommended model would have an advantageous effect in the cost minimization process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input-output%20analysis" title="input-output analysis">input-output analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20input-output%20model" title=" monetary input-output model"> monetary input-output model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20process" title=" manufacturing process"> manufacturing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laptop%20computer" title=" laptop computer"> laptop computer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10116/input-output-analysis-in-laptop-computer-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2180</span> Numerical Simulation of Sloshing Control Using Input Shaping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjoo%20Kim">Dongjoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective control of sloshing in a liquid container is an important issue to be resolved in many applications. In this study, numerical simulations are performed to design the velocity profile of rectangular container and investigate the effectiveness of input shaping for sloshing control. Trapezoidal profiles of container velocity are chosen to be reference commands and they are convolved with a series of impulses to generate shaped ones that induce minimal residual oscillations. The performances of several input shapers are compared from the viewpoint of transient peak and residual oscillations of sloshing. Results show that sloshing can be effectively controlled by input shaping (Supported by the NRF programs, NRF-2015R1D1A1A01059675, of Korean government). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20shaping" title="input shaping">input shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20container" title=" rectangular container"> rectangular container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title=" sloshing"> sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20profile" title=" trapezoidal profile"> trapezoidal profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020/numerical-simulation-of-sloshing-control-using-input-shaping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2179</span> New Series Input Parallel Output LLC DC/DC Converter with the Input Voltage Balancing Capacitor for the Electric System of Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hyun%20Yi">Kang Hyun Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new parallel output LLC DC/DC converter for electric vehicle. The electric vehicle has two batteries. One is a high voltage battery for the powertrain of the vehicle and the other is a low voltage battery for the vehicle electric system. The low voltage is charged from the high voltage battery and the high voltage input and the high current output DC/DC converter is needed. Therefore, the new LLC converter with the input voltage compensation is proposed for the high voltage input and the low voltage output DC/DC converter. The proposed circuit has two LLC converters with the series input voltage from the battery for the powertrain and the parallel output low battery voltage for the vehicle electric system because the battery voltage for the powertrain and the electric power for the vehicle become high. Also, the input series voltage compensation capacitor is used for balancing the input current in the two LLC converters. The proposed converter has an equal electric stress of the semiconductor parts and the reactive components, high efficiency and good heat dissipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLC%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" LLC DC/DC converter"> LLC DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20voltage%20balancing" title=" input voltage balancing"> input voltage balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20output" title=" parallel output"> parallel output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896/new-series-input-parallel-output-llc-dcdc-converter-with-the-input-voltage-balancing-capacitor-for-the-electric-system-of-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1052</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2178</span> Analysis of Nonlinear Pulse Propagation Characteristics in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for Different Input Pulse Shapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchi%20Barua">Suchi Barua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narottam%20Das"> Narottam Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sven%20Nordholm"> Sven Nordholm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Razaghi"> Mohammad Razaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents nonlinear pulse propagation characteristics for different input optical pulse shapes with various input pulse energy levels in semiconductor optical amplifiers. For simulation of nonlinear pulse propagation, finite-difference beam propagation method is used to solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this equation, gain spectrum dynamics, gain saturation are taken into account which depends on carrier depletion, carrier heating, spectral-hole burning, group velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation and two photon absorption. From this analysis, we obtained the output waveforms and spectra for different input pulse shapes as well as for different input energies. It shows clearly that the peak position of the output waveforms are shifted toward the leading edge which due to the gain saturation of the SOA for higher input pulse energies. We also analyzed and compared the normalized difference of full-width at half maximum for different input pulse shapes in the SOA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20beam%20propagation%20method" title="finite-difference beam propagation method">finite-difference beam propagation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20shape" title=" pulse shape"> pulse shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20propagation" title=" pulse propagation"> pulse propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20optical%20amplifier" title=" semiconductor optical amplifier"> semiconductor optical amplifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20730/analysis-of-nonlinear-pulse-propagation-characteristics-in-semiconductor-optical-amplifier-for-different-input-pulse-shapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2177</span> Modeling and Optimal Control of Acetylene Catalytic Hydrogenation Reactor in Olefin Plant by Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Aghazadeh">Faezeh Aghazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Sharifi"> Mohammad Javad Sharifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of neural networks to model a full-scale industrial acetylene hydrogenation in olefin plant has been studied. The operating variables studied are the, input-temperature of the reactor, output-temperature of the reactor, hydrogen ratio of the reactor, [C₂H₂]input, and [C₂H₆]input. The studied operating variables were used as the input to the constructed neural network to predict the [C₂H₆]output at any time as the output or the target. The constructed neural network was found to be highly precise in predicting the quantity of [C₂H₆]output for the new input data, which are kept unaware of the trained neural network showing its applicability to determine the [C₂H₆]output for any operating conditions. The enhancement of [C₂H₆]output as compared with [C₂H₆]input was a consequence of low selective acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylene%20hydrogenation" title="acetylene hydrogenation">acetylene hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pd-Ag%2FAl%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83" title=" Pd-Ag/Al₂O₃"> Pd-Ag/Al₂O₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20design" title=" optimal design"> optimal design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158850/modeling-and-optimal-control-of-acetylene-catalytic-hydrogenation-reactor-in-olefin-plant-by-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2176</span> Maximum Initial Input Allowed to Iterative Learning Control Set-up Using Singular Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Alajmi">Naser Alajmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alobaidly"> Ali Alobaidly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubarak%20Alhajri"> Mubarak Alhajri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20Salamah"> Salem Salamah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Alsubaie"> Muhammad Alsubaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iterative Learning Control (ILC) known to be a controlling tool to overcome periodic disturbances for repetitive systems. This technique is required to let the error signal tends to zero as the number of operation increases. The learning process that lies within this context is strongly dependent on the initial input which if selected properly tends to let the learning process be more effective compared to the case where a system starts from blind. ILC uses previous recorded execution data to update the following execution/trial input such that a reference trajectory is followed to a high accuracy. Error convergence in ILC is generally highly dependent on the input applied to a plant for trial $1$, thus a good choice of initial starting input signal would make learning faster and as a consequence the error tends to zero faster as well. In the work presented within, an upper limit based on the Singular Values Principle (SV) is derived for the initial input signal applied at trial $1$ such that the system follow the reference in less number of trials without responding aggressively or exceeding the working envelope where a system is required to move within in a robot arm, for example. Simulation results presented illustrate the theory introduced within this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20input" title="initial input">initial input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20learning%20control" title=" iterative learning control"> iterative learning control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20input" title=" maximum input"> maximum input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20values" title=" singular values"> singular values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80692/maximum-initial-input-allowed-to-iterative-learning-control-set-up-using-singular-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2175</span> Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Nanoparticle Mass Concentration and Heat Input of Loop Heat Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gunnasegaran">P. Gunnasegaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Abdullah"> M. Z. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Yusoff"> M. Z. Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Irmawati"> Nur Irmawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents experimental and optimization of nanoparticle mass concentration and heat input based on the total thermal resistance (Rth) of loop heat pipe (LHP), employed for PC-CPU cooling. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiO2) in water with particle mass concentration ranged from 0% (pure water) to 1% is considered as the working fluid within the LHP. The experimental design and optimization is accomplished by the design of the experimental tool, Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results show that the nanoparticle mass concentration and the heat input have a significant effect on the Rth of LHP. For a given heat input, the Rth is found to decrease with the increase of the nanoparticle mass concentration up to 0.5% and increased thereafter. It is also found that the Rth is decreased when the heat input is increased from 20W to 60W. The results are optimized with the objective of minimizing the Rt, using Design-Expert software, and the optimized nanoparticle mass concentration and heat input are 0.48% and 59.97W, respectively, the minimum thermal resistance being 2.66(ºC/W). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop%20heat%20pipe" title="loop heat pipe">loop heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20resistance" title=" thermal resistance"> thermal resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29666/experimental-investigation-and-optimization-of-nanoparticle-mass-concentration-and-heat-input-of-loop-heat-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2174</span> Learning Algorithms for Fuzzy Inference Systems Composed of Double- and Single-Input Rule Modules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirofumi%20Miyajima">Hirofumi Miyajima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuya%20Kishida"> Kazuya Kishida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noritaka%20Shigei"> Noritaka Shigei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Miyajima"> Hiromi Miyajima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of self-tuning fuzzy systems, which are automatically constructed from learning data, are based on the steepest descent method (SDM). However, this approach often requires a large convergence time and gets stuck into a shallow local minimum. One of its solutions is to use fuzzy rule modules with a small number of inputs such as DIRMs (Double-Input Rule Modules) and SIRMs (Single-Input Rule Modules). In this paper, we consider a (generalized) DIRMs model composed of double and single-input rule modules. Further, in order to reduce the redundant modules for the (generalized) DIRMs model, pruning and generative learning algorithms for the model are suggested. In order to show the effectiveness of them, numerical simulations for function approximation, Box-Jenkins and obstacle avoidance problems are performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box-Jenkins%27s%20problem" title="Box-Jenkins's problem">Box-Jenkins's problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-input%20rule%20module" title=" double-input rule module"> double-input rule module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20inference%20model" title=" fuzzy inference model"> fuzzy inference model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle%20avoidance" title=" obstacle avoidance"> obstacle avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-input%20rule%20module" title=" single-input rule module"> single-input rule module</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46971/learning-algorithms-for-fuzzy-inference-systems-composed-of-double-and-single-input-rule-modules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2173</span> Optimisation of the Input Layer Structure for Feedforward Narx Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongyan%20Li">Zongyan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Best"> Matt Best</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an optimization method for reducing the number of input channels and the complexity of the feed-forward NARX neural network (NN) without compromising the accuracy of the NN model. By utilizing the correlation analysis method, the most significant regressors are selected to form the input layer of the NN structure. An application of vehicle dynamic model identification is also presented in this paper to demonstrate the optimization technique and the optimal input layer structure and the optimal number of neurons for the neural network is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title="correlation analysis">correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F-ratio" title=" F-ratio"> F-ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levenberg-marquardt" title=" levenberg-marquardt"> levenberg-marquardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NARX" title=" NARX"> NARX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23195/optimisation-of-the-input-layer-structure-for-feedforward-narx-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2172</span> A Method for Quantitative Assessment of the Dependencies between Input Signals and Output Indicators in Production Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Zar%C4%99ba">Maciej Zaręba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C5%82awomir%20Lasota"> Sławomir Lasota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowing the degree of dependencies between the sets of input signals and selected sets of indicators that measure a production system's effectiveness is of great importance in the industry. This paper introduces the SELM method that enables the selection of sets of input signals, which affects the most the selected subset of indicators that measures the effectiveness of a production system. For defined set of output indicators, the method quantifies the impact of input signals that are gathered in the continuous monitoring production system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20operation%20management" title="manufacturing operation management">manufacturing operation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20relationship" title=" signal relationship"> signal relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20monitoring" title=" continuous monitoring"> continuous monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20systems" title=" production systems"> production systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155375/a-method-for-quantitative-assessment-of-the-dependencies-between-input-signals-and-output-indicators-in-production-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2171</span> Effect of Welding Heat Input on Intergranular Corrosion of Inconel 625 Overlay Weld Metal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon-Suk%20Kim">Joon-Suk Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae-Woo%20Lee"> Hae-Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study discusses the effect of welding heat input on intergranular corrosion of the weld metal of Inconel 625 alloy. A specimen of Inconel 625 with a weld metal that controlled welding heat input was manufactured, and aging heat treatment was conducted to investigate sensitization by chromium carbides. The electrochemical SL and DL EPR experiments, together with the chemical ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid and nitric acid tests, were conducted to determine intergranular corrosion susceptibility between the specimens. In the SL and DL EPR experiments, specimens were stabilized in the weld metal, and therefore intergranular corrosion susceptibility could not be determined. However, in the ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid and nitric acid tests, the corrosion speed increased as heat input increased. This was because the amount of diluted Fe increased as the welding heat input increased, leading to microsegregation between the dendrites, which had a negative effect on the corrosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel%20625" title="Inconel 625">Inconel 625</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weling" title=" weling"> weling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlay" title=" overlay"> overlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20input" title=" heat input"> heat input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergranular%20corrosion" title=" intergranular corrosion"> intergranular corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30408/effect-of-welding-heat-input-on-intergranular-corrosion-of-inconel-625-overlay-weld-metal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2170</span> A Data Envelopment Analysis Model in a Multi-Objective Optimization with Fuzzy Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Gidey%20Gebru">Michael Gidey Gebru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of Data Envelopment Analysis models operate in a static environment with input and output parameters that are chosen by deterministic data. However, due to ambiguity brought on shifting market conditions, input and output data are not always precisely gathered in real-world scenarios. Fuzzy numbers can be used to address this kind of ambiguity in input and output data. Therefore, this work aims to expand crisp Data Envelopment Analysis into Data Envelopment Analysis with fuzzy environment. In this study, the input and output data are regarded as fuzzy triangular numbers. Then, the Data Envelopment Analysis model with fuzzy environment is solved using a multi-objective method to gauge the Decision Making Units' efficiency. Finally, the developed Data Envelopment Analysis model is illustrated with an application on real data 50 educational institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Data%20Envelopment%20Analysis" title=" Data Envelopment Analysis"> Data Envelopment Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input" title=" input"> input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output" title=" output"> output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185408/a-data-envelopment-analysis-model-in-a-multi-objective-optimization-with-fuzzy-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2169</span> The Complexity of Testing Cryptographic Devices on Input Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisher%20Ikramov">Alisher Ikramov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayrat%20Juraev"> Gayrat Juraev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of logic devices faces the occurrence of faults during manufacturing. This work analyses the complexity of testing a special type of logic device on inverse, adhesion, and constant input faults. The focus of this work is on devices that implement cryptographic functions. The complexity values for the general case faults and for some frequently occurring subsets were determined and proved in this work. For a special case, when the length of the text block is equal to the length of the key block, the complexity of testing is proven to be asymptotically half the complexity of testing all logic devices on the same types of input faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptographic%20devices" title=" cryptographic devices"> cryptographic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20faults" title=" input faults"> input faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing" title=" testing"> testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138485/the-complexity-of-testing-cryptographic-devices-on-input-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2168</span> Finding a Set of Long Common Substrings with Repeats from m Input Strings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiantian%20Li">Tiantian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusheng%20Wang"> Lusheng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaohui%20Zhan"> Zhaohui Zhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daming%20Zhu"> Daming Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose two string problems, and study algorithms and complexity of various versions for those problems. Let S = {s₁, s₂, . . . , sₘ} be a set of m strings. A common substring of S is a substring appearing in every string in S. Given a set of m strings S = {s₁, s₂, . . . , sₘ} and a positive integer k, we want to find a set C of k common substrings of S such that the k common substrings in C appear in the same order and have no overlap among the m input strings in S, and the total length of the k common substring in C is maximized. This problem is referred to as the longest total length of k common substrings from m input strings (LCSS(k, m) for short). The other problem we study here is called the longest total length of a set of common substrings with length more than l from m input string (LSCSS(l, m) for short). Given a set of m strings S = {s₁, s₂, . . . , sₘ} and a positive integer l, for LSCSS(l, m), we want to find a set of common substrings of S, each is of length more than l, such that the total length of all the common substrings is maximized. We show that both problems are NP-hard when k and m are variables. We propose dynamic programming algorithms with time complexity O(k n₁n₂) and O(n₁n₂) to solve LCSS(k, 2) and LSCSS(l, 2), respectively, where n1 and n₂ are the lengths of the two input strings. We then design an algorithm for LSCSS(l, m) when every length > l common substring appears once in each of the m − 1 input strings. The running time is O(n₁²m), where n1 is the length of the input string with no restriction on length > l common substrings. Finally, we propose a fixed parameter algorithm for LSCSS(l, m), where each length > l common substring appears m − 1 + c times among the m − 1 input strings (other than s1). In other words, each length > l common substring may repeatedly appear at most c times among the m − 1 input strings {s₂, s₃, . . . , sₘ}. The running time of the proposed algorithm is O((n12ᶜ)²m), where n₁ is the input string with no restriction on repeats. The LSCSS(l, m) is proposed to handle whole chromosome sequence alignment for different strains of the same species, where more than 98% of letters in core regions are identical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20programming" title="dynamic programming">dynamic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20substrings" title=" common substrings"> common substrings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=string" title=" string"> string</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193213/finding-a-set-of-long-common-substrings-with-repeats-from-m-input-strings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2167</span> Modeling of the Energy Storage Device: LTC3588</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Ghodsi">Mojtaba Ghodsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mohammadzaheri"> Morteza Mohammadzaheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Soltani"> Payam Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides a detailed analysis of the LTC3588 as a low-power energy storage model, focusing on its internal circuitry and energy harvesting capabilities. The study highlights the relationship between the input and output capacitors and the behavior of the output voltage, particularly its rise time. It was found that increasing the input capacitance (Cᵢₙ) from 1 µF to 220 µF reduces oscillations in the output voltage (Vₒᵤₜ) and slows the rate of increase in the input voltage, demonstrating the impact of input capacitance on voltage dynamics. Furthermore, the study revealed that smaller output capacitors (Cₒᵤₜ) result in fewer voltage jumps required to reach the target output voltage of 3.2 V, suggesting that a smaller Cₒᵤₜ improves voltage regulation speed and stability. The study concludes that both input and output capacitors play a critical role in the LTC3588's performance. Optimizing these capacitors is crucial for efficient energy storage and harvesting in applications requiring minimal power consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTC3588" title="LTC3588">LTC3588</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zener%20diode" title=" Zener diode"> Zener diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title=" LED"> LED</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192372/modeling-of-the-energy-storage-device-ltc3588" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2166</span> Natural User Interface Adapter: Enabling Natural User Interface for Non-Natural User Interface Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar%20Kolagani">Vijay Kumar Kolagani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingcai%20Xiao"> Yingcai Xiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adaptation of Natural User Interface (NUI) has been slow and limited. NUI devices like Microsoft’s Kinect and Ultraleap’s Leap Motion can only interact with a handful applications that were specifically designed and implemented for them. A NUI device just can’t be used to directly control millions of applications that are not designed to take NUI input. This is in the similar situation like the adaptation of color TVs. At the early days of color TV, the broadcasting format was in RGB, which was not viewable by blackand-white TVs. TV broadcasters were reluctant to produce color programs due to limited viewership. TV viewers were reluctant to buy color TVs because there were limited programs to watch. Color TV’s breakthrough moment came after the adaptation of NTSC standard which allowed color broadcasts to be compatible with the millions of existing black-and-white TVs. This research presents a framework to use NUI devices to control existing non-NUI applications without reprogramming them. The methodology is to create an adapter to convert input from NUI devices into input compatible with that generated by CLI (Command Line Input) and GUI (Graphical User Interface) devices. The CLI/GUI compatible input is then sent to the active application through the operating system just like any input from a CLI/GUI device to control the non-NUI program that the user is controlling. A sample adapter has been created to convert input from Kinect to keyboard strokes, so one can use the input from Kinect to control any applications that take keyboard input, such as Microsoft’s PowerPoint. When the users use the adapter to control their PowerPoint presentations, they can free themselves from standing behind a computer to use its keyboard and can roam around in front of the audience to use hand gestures to control the PowerPoint. It is hopeful such adapters can accelerate the adaptation of NUI devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=command%20line%20input" title="command line input">command line input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20user%20interface" title=" graphical user interface"> graphical user interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20computer%20interaction" title=" human computer interaction"> human computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20user%20interface" title=" natural user interface"> natural user interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NUI%20adapter" title=" NUI adapter"> NUI adapter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193556/natural-user-interface-adapter-enabling-natural-user-interface-for-non-natural-user-interface-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2165</span> Analysis on Prediction Models of TBM Performance and Selection of Optimal Input Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Lo%20Lee">Hang Lo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Il%20Song"> Ki Il Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Hwan%20Ryu"> Hee Hwan Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An accurate prediction of TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) performance is very difficult for reliable estimation of the construction period and cost in preconstruction stage. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to analyze the evaluation process of various prediction models published since 2000 for TBM performance, and to select the optimal input parameters for the prediction model. A classification system of TBM performance prediction model and applied methodology are proposed in this research. Input and output parameters applied for prediction models are also represented. Based on these results, a statistical analysis is performed using the collected data from shield TBM tunnel in South Korea. By performing a simple regression and residual analysis utilizinFg statistical program, R, the optimal input parameters are selected. These results are expected to be used for development of prediction model of TBM performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBM%20performance%20prediction%20model" title="TBM performance prediction model">TBM performance prediction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20system" title=" classification system"> classification system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20regression%20analysis" title=" simple regression analysis"> simple regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20analysis" title=" residual analysis"> residual analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20input%20parameters" title=" optimal input parameters"> optimal input parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52738/analysis-on-prediction-models-of-tbm-performance-and-selection-of-optimal-input-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2164</span> An Active Rectifier with Time-Domain Delay Compensation to Enhance the Power Conversion Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shao-Ku%20Kao">Shao-Ku Kao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an active rectifier with time-domain delay compensation to enhance the efficiency. A delay calibration circuit is designed to convert delay time to voltage and adaptive control on/off delay in variable input voltage. This circuit is designed in 0.18 mm CMOS process. The input voltage range is from 2 V to 3.6 V with the output voltage from 1.8 V to 3.4 V. The efficiency can maintain more than 85% when the load from 50 Ω ~ 1500 Ω for 3.6 V input voltage. The maximum efficiency is 92.4 % at output power to be 38.6 mW for 3.6 V input voltage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20power%20transfer" title="wireless power transfer">wireless power transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20diode" title=" active diode"> active diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay%20compensation" title=" delay compensation"> delay compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20to%20voltage%20converter" title=" time to voltage converter"> time to voltage converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCE" title=" PCE"> PCE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99488/an-active-rectifier-with-time-domain-delay-compensation-to-enhance-the-power-conversion-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2163</span> Using Classifiers to Predict Student Outcome at Higher Institute of Telecommunication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuad%20M.%20Alkoot">Fuad M. Alkoot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We aim at highlighting the benefits of classifier systems especially in supporting educational management decisions. The paper aims at using classifiers in an educational application where an outcome is predicted based on given input parameters that represent various conditions at the institute. We present a classifier system that is designed using a limited training set with data for only one semester. The achieved system is able to reach at previously known outcomes accurately. It is also tested on new input parameters representing variations of input conditions to see its prediction on the possible outcome value. Given the supervised expectation of the outcome for the new input we find the system is able to predict the correct outcome. Experiments were conducted on one semester data from two departments only, Switching and Mathematics. Future work on other departments with larger training sets and wider input variations will show additional benefits of classifier systems in supporting the management decisions at an educational institute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier%20design" title=" classifier design"> classifier design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20management" title=" educational management"> educational management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome%20estimation" title=" outcome estimation"> outcome estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50309/using-classifiers-to-predict-student-outcome-at-higher-institute-of-telecommunication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2162</span> All Optical Wavelength Conversion Based On Four Wave Mixing in Optical Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Singh">Surinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gursewak%20Singh%20Lovkesh"> Gursewak Singh Lovkesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have designed wavelength conversion based on four wave mixing in an optical fiber at 10 Gb/s. The power of converted signal increases with increase in signal power. The converted signal power is investigated as a function of input signal power and pump power. On comparison of converted signal power at different value of input signal power, we observe that best converted signal power is obtained at -2 dBm input signal power for both up conversion as well as for down conversion. Further, FWM efficiency, quality factor is observed for increase in input signal power and optical fiber length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FWM" title="FWM">FWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiiber" title=" optical fiiber"> optical fiiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelngth%20converter" title=" wavelngth converter"> wavelngth converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15950/all-optical-wavelength-conversion-based-on-four-wave-mixing-in-optical-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2161</span> A DEA Model in a Multi-Objective Optimization with Fuzzy Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Gidey%20Gebru">Michael Gidey Gebru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most DEA models operate in a static environment with input and output parameters that are chosen by deterministic data. However, due to ambiguity brought on shifting market conditions, input and output data are not always precisely gathered in real-world scenarios. Fuzzy numbers can be used to address this kind of ambiguity in input and output data. Therefore, this work aims to expand crisp DEA into DEA with fuzzy environment. In this study, the input and output data are regarded as fuzzy triangular numbers. Then, the DEA model with fuzzy environment is solved using a multi-objective method to gauge the Decision Making Units’ efficiency. Finally, the developed DEA model is illustrated with an application on real data 50 educational institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title=" DEA"> DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making%20units" title=" decision making units"> decision making units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20institutions" title=" higher education institutions"> higher education institutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185155/a-dea-model-in-a-multi-objective-optimization-with-fuzzy-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2160</span> CMOS Positive and Negative Resistors Based on Complementary Regulated Cascode Topology with Cross-Coupled Regulated Transistors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittipong%20Tripetch">Kittipong Tripetch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobuhiko%20Nakano"> Nobuhiko Nakano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two types of floating active resistors based on a complementary regulated cascode topology with cross-coupled regulated transistors are presented in this paper. The first topology is a high swing complementary regulated cascode active resistor. The second topology is a complementary common gate with a regulated cross coupled transistor. The small-signal input resistances of the floating resistors are derived. Three graphs of the input current versus the input voltage for different aspect ratios are designed and plotted using the Cadence Spectre 0.18-µm Rohm Semiconductor process. The total harmonic distortion graphs are plotted for three different aspect ratios with different input-voltage amplitudes and different input frequencies. From the simulation results, it is observed that a resistance of approximately 8.52 MΩ can be obtained from supply voltage at  ±0.9 V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20active%20resistor" title="floating active resistor">floating active resistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20common%20gate" title=" complementary common gate"> complementary common gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20regulated%20cascode" title=" complementary regulated cascode"> complementary regulated cascode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20mirror" title=" current mirror"> current mirror</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82300/cmos-positive-and-negative-resistors-based-on-complementary-regulated-cascode-topology-with-cross-coupled-regulated-transistors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2159</span> Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of the 200W Class Woofer Speaker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Jin%20Kim">Hyung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Wan%20Kim"> Dae-Wan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moo-Yeon%20Lee"> Moo-Yeon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the heat transfer characteristics of 200 W class woofer speaker units with the input voice signals. The temperature and heat transfer characteristics of the 200 W class woofer speaker unit were experimentally tested with the several input voice signals such as 1500 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 5000 Hz respectively. From the experiments, it can be observed that the temperature of the woofer speaker unit including the voice-coil part increases with a decrease in input voice signals. Also, the temperature difference in measured points of the voice coil is increased with decrease of the input voice signals. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of the woofer speaker in case of the input voice signal of 1500 Hz is 40% higher than that of the woofer speaker in case of the input voice signal of 5000 Hz at the measuring time of 200 seconds. It can be concluded from the experiments that initially the temperature of the voice signal increases rapidly with time, after a certain period of time it increases exponentially. Also during this time dependent temperature change, it can be observed that high voice signal is stable than low voice signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20coil" title=" voice coil"> voice coil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woofer%20speaker" title=" woofer speaker"> woofer speaker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5142/experimental-study-on-the-heat-transfer-characteristics-of-the-200w-class-woofer-speaker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2158</span> Scalable Learning of Tree-Based Models on Sparsely Representable Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fares%20Hedayatit">Fares Hedayatit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnauld%20Joly"> Arnauld Joly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Papadimitriou"> Panagiotis Papadimitriou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many machine learning tasks such as text annotation usually require training over very big datasets, e.g., millions of web documents, that can be represented in a sparse input space. State-of the-art tree-based ensemble algorithms cannot scale to such datasets, since they include operations whose running time is a function of the input space size rather than a function of the non-zero input elements. In this paper, we propose an efficient splitting algorithm to leverage input sparsity within decision tree methods. Our algorithm improves training time over sparse datasets by more than two orders of magnitude and it has been incorporated in the current version of scikit-learn.org, the most popular open source Python machine learning library. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparsely%20representable%20data" title=" sparsely representable data"> sparsely representable data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree-based%20models" title=" tree-based models"> tree-based models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalable%20learning" title=" scalable learning"> scalable learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52853/scalable-learning-of-tree-based-models-on-sparsely-representable-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2157</span> Energy Analysis of Sugarcane Production: A Case Study in Metehara Sugar Factory in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasihun%20Girma%20Hailemariam">Wasihun Girma Hailemariam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy is one of the key elements required for every agricultural activity, especially for large scale agricultural production such as sugarcane cultivation which mostly is used to produce sugar and bioethanol from sugarcane. In such kinds of resource (energy) intensive activities, energy analysis of the production system and looking for other alternatives which can reduce energy inputs of the sugarcane production process are steps forward for resource management. The purpose of this study was to determine input energy (direct and indirect) per hectare of sugarcane production sector of Metehara sugar factory in Ethiopia. Total energy consumption of the production system was 61,642 MJ/ha-yr. This total input energy is a cumulative value of different inputs (direct and indirect inputs) in the production system. The contribution of these different inputs is discussed and a scenario of substituting the most influential input by other alternative input which can replace the original input in its nutrient content was discussed. In this study the most influential input for increased energy consumption was application of organic fertilizer which accounted for 50 % of the total energy consumption. Filter cake which is a residue from the sugar production in the factory was used to substitute the organic fertilizer and the reduction in the energy consumption of the sugarcane production was discussed <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20analysis" title="energy analysis">energy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20fertilizer" title=" organic fertilizer"> organic fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20management" title=" resource management"> resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane" title=" sugarcane"> sugarcane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112638/energy-analysis-of-sugarcane-production-a-case-study-in-metehara-sugar-factory-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2156</span> Multi-Criteria Based Robust Markowitz Model under Box Uncertainty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulak%20Swain">Pulak Swain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Ojha"> A. K. Ojha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Portfolio optimization is based on dealing with the problems of efficient asset allocation. Risk and Expected return are two conflicting criteria in such problems, where the investor prefers the return to be high and the risk to be low. Using multi-objective approach we can solve those type of problems. However the information which we have for the input parameters are generally ambiguous and the input values can fluctuate around some nominal values. We can not ignore the uncertainty in input values, as they can affect the asset allocation drastically. So we use Robust Optimization approach to the problems where the input parameters comes under box uncertainty. In this paper, we solve the multi criteria robust problem with the help of E- constraint method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20optimization" title="portfolio optimization">portfolio optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization" title=" multi-objective optimization"> multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%B5%20-%20constraint%20method" title=" ϵ - constraint method"> ϵ - constraint method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20uncertainty" title=" box uncertainty"> box uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20optimization" title=" robust optimization"> robust optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118411/multi-criteria-based-robust-markowitz-model-under-box-uncertainty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-periods%20input&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-periods%20input&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-periods%20input&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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