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dose</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biological dose"> <meta name="keywords" content="biological dose"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biological dose"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3610</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biological dose</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3610</span> The Use of the Matlab Software as the Best Way to Recognize Penumbra Region in Radiotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Shayegan">Alireza Shayegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Amirabadi"> Morteza Amirabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The y tool was developed to quantitatively compare dose distributions, either measured or calculated. Before computing ɣ, the dose and distance scales of the two distributions, referred to as evaluated and reference, are re-normalized by dose and distance criteria, respectively. The re-normalization allows the dose distribution comparison to be conducted simultaneously along dose and distance axes. Several two-dimensional images were acquired using a Scanning Liquid Ionization Chamber EPID and Extended Dose Range (EDR2) films for regular and irregular radiation fields. The raw images were then converted into two-dimensional dose maps. Transitional and rotational manipulations were performed for images using Matlab software. As evaluated dose distribution maps, they were then compared with the corresponding original dose maps as the reference dose maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energetic%20electron" title="energetic electron">energetic electron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20function" title=" gamma function"> gamma function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penumbra" title=" penumbra"> penumbra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab%20software" title=" Matlab software "> Matlab software </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1778/the-use-of-the-matlab-software-as-the-best-way-to-recognize-penumbra-region-in-radiotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3609</span> Preliminary Dosimetric Evaluation of Two New 153Sm Bone Pain Palliative Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia">H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zolghadri"> S. Zolghadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Amraee"> N. Amraee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Naseri"> Z. Naseri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ar.%20Jalilian"> Ar. Jalilian </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to calculate the absorbed dose to each human organ for two new Sm-153 bone-seeking agents in order to evaluate their effectiveness in bone pain palliation therapy. In this work, the absorbed dose of 153Sm-TTHMP and 153Sm-PDTMP to each human organ was evaluated based on biodistribution studies in rats by radiation dose assessment resource (RADAR) method. The highest absorbed dose for 153Sm-TTHMP and 153Sm-PDTMP is observed in trabecular bone with 1.844 and 3.167 mGy/MBq, respectively. Bone/red marrow dose ratio, as the target/critical organ dose ratio, for 153Sm-PDTMP is greater than 153Sm-TTHMP and is compatible with 153Sm-EDTMP. The results showed that these bone-seeking agents, specially 153Sm-PDTMP, have considerable characteristics compared to the most clinically used bone pain palliative radiopharmaceutical, and therefore, can be good candidates for bone pain palliation in patients with bone metastasis; however, further biological studies in other mammals are still needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20dosimetry" title="internal dosimetry">internal dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDTMP" title=" PDTMP"> PDTMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=153Sm" title=" 153Sm"> 153Sm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TTHMP" title=" TTHMP"> TTHMP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18061/preliminary-dosimetric-evaluation-of-two-new-153sm-bone-pain-palliative-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3608</span> Evaluation of Dynamic Log Files for Different Dose Rates in IMRT Plans </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Saeed">Saad Bin Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayzan%20Ahmed"> Fayzan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Ahmed"> Shahbaz Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Hussain"> Amjad Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate dynamic log files (Dynalogs) at different dose rates by dose-volume histograms (DVH) and used as a (QA) procedure of IMRT. Seven patients of phase one head and neck cancer with similar OAR`s are selected randomly. Reference plans of dose rate 300 and 600 MU/Min with prescribed dose of 50Gy in 25 fractions for each patient is made. Dynalogs produced by delivery of reference plans processed by in-house MATLAB program which produces new field files contain actual positions of multi-leaf collimators (MLC`s) instead of planned positions in reference plans. Copies of reference plans are used to import new field files generated by MATLAB program and renamed as Dyn.plan. After dose calculations of Dyn.plans for different dose rates, DVH, and multiple linear regression tools are used to evaluate reference and Dyn.plans. The results indicate good agreement of correlation between different dose rate plans. The maximum dose difference among PTV and OAR`s are found to be less than 5% and 9% respectively. The study indicates the potential of dynalogs to be used as patient-specific QA of IMRT at different dose rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMRT" title="IMRT">IMRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynalogs" title=" dynalogs"> dynalogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20rate" title=" dose rate"> dose rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DVH" title=" DVH"> DVH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24120/evaluation-of-dynamic-log-files-for-different-dose-rates-in-imrt-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3607</span> Microdosimetry in Biological Cells: A Monte Carlo Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Jabal%20Ameli">Hamidreza Jabal Ameli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anahita%20Movahedi"> Anahita Movahedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: In radionuclide therapy, radioactive atoms are coupled to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treating cancer tumor while limiting radiation to healthy tissues. We know that tumoral and normal tissues are not equally sensitive to radiation. In fact, biological effects such as cellular repair processes or the presence of less radiosensitive cells such as hypoxic cells should be taken account. For this reason, in this paper, we want to calculate biological effect dose (BED) inside tumoral area and healthy cells around tumors. Methods: In this study, deposited doses of a radionuclide, gold-198, inside cells lattice and surrounding healthy tissues were calculated with Monte Carlo method. The elemental compositions and density of malignant and healthy tissues were obtained from ICRU Report 44. For reaching to real condition of oxygen effects, the necrosis and hypoxia area inside tumors has been assessed. Results: With regard to linear-quadratic expression which was defined in Monte Carlo, results showed that a large amount of BED is deposited in the well-oxygenated part of the hypoxia area compared to necrosis area. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the curves of absorbed dose with BED and without BED. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20dose" title="biological dose">biological dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monte%20carlo" title=" monte carlo"> monte carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypoxia" title=" hypoxia"> hypoxia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radionuclide%20therapy" title=" radionuclide therapy"> radionuclide therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20538/microdosimetry-in-biological-cells-a-monte-carlo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3606</span> Preliminary Study of Standardization and Validation of Micronuclei Technique to Assess the DNA Damages Cause for the X-Rays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20D%C3%ADaz">L. J. Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> M. A. Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Molina"> A. K. Molina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Berm%C3%BAdez"> A. Bermúdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Crane"> C. Crane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Pab%C3%B3n"> V. M. Pabón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important biological indicators that show the exposure to the radiation is the micronuclei (MN). This technique is using to determinate the radiation effects in blood cultures as a biological control and a complement to the physics dosimetry. In Colombia the necessity to apply this analysis has emerged due to the current biological indicator most used is the chromosomal aberrations (CA), that is why it is essential the MN technique’s standardization and validation to have enough tools to improve the radioprotection topic in the country. Besides, this technique will be applied on the construction of a dose-response curve, that allow measure an approximately dose to irradiated people according to MN frequency found. Inside the steps that carried out to accomplish the standardization and validation is the statistic analysis from the lectures of “in vitro” peripheral blood cultures with different analysts, also it was determinate the best culture medium and conditions for the MN can be detected easily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronuclei" title="micronuclei">micronuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioprotection" title=" radioprotection"> radioprotection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16835/preliminary-study-of-standardization-and-validation-of-micronuclei-technique-to-assess-the-dna-damages-cause-for-the-x-rays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3605</span> Comparative Study between the Absorbed Dose of 67ga-Ecc and 68ga-Ecc</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia">H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zolghadri"> S. Zolghadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shanesazzadeh"> S. Shanesazzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Lahooti"> A.Lahooti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Jalilian"> A. R. Jalilian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, 68Ga-ECC and 67Ga-ECC were both prepared with the radiochemical purity of higher than 97% in less than 30 min. The biodistribution data for 68Ga-ECC showed the extraction of the most of the activity from the urinary tract. The absorbed dose was estimated based on biodistribution data in mice by the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) method. Comparison between human absorbed dose estimation for these two agents indicated the values of approximately ten-fold higher after injection of 67Ga-ECC than 68Ga-ECC in the most organs. The results showed that 68Ga-ECC can be considered as a more potential agent for renal imaging compared to 67Ga-ECC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20absorbed%20dose" title="effective absorbed dose">effective absorbed dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylenecysteamine%20cysteine" title=" ethylenecysteamine cysteine"> ethylenecysteamine cysteine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ga-67" title=" Ga-67"> Ga-67</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ga-68" title=" Ga-68"> Ga-68</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32476/comparative-study-between-the-absorbed-dose-of-67ga-ecc-and-68ga-ecc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3604</span> A Varicella Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated School Population in Voluntary 2-Dose Era in Beijing, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengbin%20Wang">Chengbin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lu"> Li Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luodan%20Suo"> Luodan Suo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghai%20Wang"> Qinghai Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Wang"> Xu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Marin"> Mona Marin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Two-dose varicella vaccination has been recommended in Beijing since November 2012. We investigated a varicella outbreak in a highly vaccinated elementary school population to examine transmission patterns and risk factors for vaccine failure. Methods: A varicella case was defined as an acute generalized maculopapulovesicular rash without other apparent cause in a student attending the school from March 28 to May 17, 2015. Breakthrough varicella was defined as varicella >42 days after last vaccine dose. Vaccination information was collected from immunization records. Information on prior disease and clinical presentation was collected via survey of students’ parents. Results: Of the 1056 school students, 1028 (97.3%) reported no varicella history, of whom 364 (35.4%) had received 1-dose and 650 (63.2%) had received 2-dose varicella vaccine, for 98.6% school-wide vaccination coverage with ≥ 1 dose before the outbreak. A total of 20 cases were identified for an overall attack rate of 1.9%. The index case was in a 2-dose vaccinated student who was not isolated. The majority of cases were breakthrough (19/20, 95%) with attack rates of 7.1% (1/14), 1.6% (6/364) and 2.0% (13/650) among unvaccinated, 1-dose, and 2-dose students, respectively. Most cases had < 50 lesions (18/20, 90%). No difference was found between 1-dose and 2-dose breakthrough cases in disease severity or sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: Moderate 2-dose varicella vaccine coverage was insufficient to prevent a varicella outbreak. Two-dose breakthrough varicella is still contagious. High 2-dose varicella vaccine coverage and timely isolation of ill persons might be needed for varicella outbreak control in the 2-dose era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varicella" title="varicella">varicella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outbreak" title=" outbreak"> outbreak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough%20varicella" title=" breakthrough varicella"> breakthrough varicella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57932/a-varicella-outbreak-in-a-highly-vaccinated-school-population-in-voluntary-2-dose-era-in-beijing-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3603</span> Investigation of Factors Affecting the Total Ionizing Dose Threshold of Electrically Erasable Read Only Memories for Use in Dose Rate Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqian%20Li">Liqian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Liu"> Yu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Colins"> Karen Colins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dose rate present in a seriously contaminated area can be indirectly determined by monitoring radiation damage to inexpensive commercial electronics, instead of deploying expensive radiation hardened sensors. EEPROMs (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memories) are a good candidate for this purpose because they are inexpensive and are sensitive to radiation exposure. When the total ionizing dose threshold is reached, an EEPROM chip will show signs of damage that can be monitored and transmitted by less susceptible electronics. The dose rate can then be determined from the known threshold dose and the exposure time, assuming the radiation field remains constant with time. Therefore, the threshold dose needs to be well understood before this method can be used. There are many factors affecting the threshold dose, such as the gamma ray energy spectrum, the operating voltage, etc. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine how the threshold dose depends on dose rate, temperature, voltage, and duty factor. It was found that the duty factor has the strongest effect on the total ionizing dose threshold, while the effect of the other three factors that were investigated is less significant. The effect of temperature was found to be opposite to that expected to result from annealing and is yet to be understood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiation" title=" ionizing radiation"> ionizing radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20effects%20on%20electronics" title=" radiation effects on electronics"> radiation effects on electronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20ionizing%20dose" title=" total ionizing dose"> total ionizing dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77107/investigation-of-factors-affecting-the-total-ionizing-dose-threshold-of-electrically-erasable-read-only-memories-for-use-in-dose-rate-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3602</span> The Usage of Nitrogen Gas and Alum for Sludge Dewatering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamdouh%20Yousef%20Saleh">Mamdouh Yousef Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medhat%20Hosny%20El-Zahar"> Medhat Hosny El-Zahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shymaa%20El-Dosoky"> Shymaa El-Dosoky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In most cases, the associated processing cost of dewatering sludge increase with the solid particles concentration. All experiments in this study were conducted on biological sludge type. All experiments help to reduce the greenhouse gases in addition, the technology used was faster in time and less in cost compared to other methods. First, the bubbling pressure was used to dissolve N₂ gas into the sludge, second alum was added to accelerate the process of coagulation of the sludge particles and facilitate their flotation, and third nitrogen gas was used to help floating the sludge particles and reduce the processing time because of the nitrogen gas from the inert gases. The conclusions of this experiment were as follows: first, the best conditions were obtained when the bubbling pressure was 0.6 bar. Second, the best alum dose was determined to help the sludge agglomerate and float. During the experiment, the best alum dose was 80 mg/L. It increased concentration of the sludge by 7-8 times. Third, the economic dose of nitrogen gas was 60 mg/L with separation efficiency of 85%. The sludge concentration was about 8-9 times. That happened due to the gas released tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended matter causing them to float to the surface of the water where it could be then removed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20gas" title="nitrogen gas">nitrogen gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alum" title=" alum"> alum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewatering%20sludge" title=" dewatering sludge"> dewatering sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104794/the-usage-of-nitrogen-gas-and-alum-for-sludge-dewatering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3601</span> Calculation of Secondary Neutron Dose Equivalent in Proton Therapy of Thyroid Gland Using FLUKA Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Akbari">M. R. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sadeghi"> M. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Faghihi"> R. Faghihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Mosleh-Shirazi"> M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Khorrami-Moghadam"> A. R. Khorrami-Moghadam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proton radiotherapy (PRT) is becoming an established treatment modality for cancer. The localized tumors, the same as undifferentiated thyroid tumors are insufficiently handled by conventional radiotherapy, while protons would propose the prospect of increasing the tumor dose without exceeding the tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissues. In spite of relatively high advantages in giving localized radiation dose to the tumor region, in proton therapy, secondary neutron production can have significant contribution on integral dose and lessen advantages of this modality contrast to conventional radiotherapy techniques. Furthermore, neutrons have high quality factor, therefore, even a small physical dose can cause considerable biological effects. Measuring of this neutron dose is a very critical step in prediction of secondary cancer incidence. It has been found that FLUKA Monte Carlo code simulations have been used to evaluate dose due to secondaries in proton therapy. In this study, first, by validating simulated proton beam range in water phantom with CSDA range from NIST for the studied proton energy range (34-54 MeV), a proton therapy in thyroid gland cancer was simulated using FLUKA code. Secondary neutron dose equivalent of some organs and tissues after the target volume caused by 34 and 54 MeV proton interactions were calculated in order to evaluate secondary cancer incidence. A multilayer cylindrical neck phantom considering all the layers of neck tissues and a proton beam impinging normally on the phantom were also simulated. Trachea (accompanied by Larynx) had the greatest dose equivalent (1.24×10-1 and 1.45 pSv per primary 34 and 54 MeV protons, respectively) among the simulated tissues after the target volume in the neck region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLUKA%20code" title="FLUKA code">FLUKA code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20dose%20equivalent" title=" neutron dose equivalent"> neutron dose equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20therapy" title=" proton therapy"> proton therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20gland" title=" thyroid gland"> thyroid gland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11492/calculation-of-secondary-neutron-dose-equivalent-in-proton-therapy-of-thyroid-gland-using-fluka-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3600</span> Preliminary dosimetric Evaluation of a New Therapeutic 177LU Complex for Human Based on Biodistribution Data in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia">H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zolghadri"> S. Zolghadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Golabi%20Dezfuli"> A. Golabi Dezfuli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tris (1,10-phenanthroline) lanthanum(III)] trithiocyanate is a new compound that has shown to stop DNA synthesis in CCRF-CEM and Ehrlich ascites cells leading to a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. One other important property of the phenanthroline nucleus is its ability to act as a triplet-state photosensitizer especially in complexes with lanthanides. In Nowadays, the radiation dose assessment resource (RADAR) method is known as the most common method for absorbed dose calculation. 177Lu was produced by irradiation of a natural Lu2O3 target at a thermal neutron flux of approximately 4 × 1013 n/cm2•s. 177Lu-PL3 was prepared in the optimized condition. The radiochemical yield was checked by ITLC method. The biodistribution of the complex was investigated by intravenously injection to wild-type rats via their tail veins. In this study, the absorbed dose of 177Lu-PL3 to human organs was estimated by RADAR method. 177Lu was prepared with a specific activity of 2.6-3 GBq.mg-1 and radionuclide purity of 99.98 %. The 177Lu-PL3 complex can prepare with high radiochemical yield (> 99 %) at optimized conditions. The results show that liver and spleen have received the highest absorbed dose of 1.051 and 0.441 mSv/MBq, respectivley. The absorbed dose values for these two dose-limiting tissues suggest more biological studies special in tumor-bearing animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20dosimetry" title="internal dosimetry">internal dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lutetium-177" title=" Lutetium-177"> Lutetium-177</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar" title=" radar"> radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animals" title=" animals"> animals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34297/preliminary-dosimetric-evaluation-of-a-new-therapeutic-177lu-complex-for-human-based-on-biodistribution-data-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3599</span> Human Absorbed Dose Assessment of 68Ga-Dotatoc Based on Biodistribution Data in Syrian Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zolghadri">S. Zolghadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naderi"> M. Naderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia"> H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramazani"> A. Ramazani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Jalilian"> A. R. Jalilian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work was to evaluate the values of absorbed dose of 68Ga-DOTATOC in numerous human organs. 68Ga-DOTATOC was prepared with the radiochemical purity of higher than 98% and by specific activity of 39.6 MBq/nmol. The complex demonstrated great stability at room temperature and in human serum at 37° C at least 2 h after preparation. Significant uptake was observed in somatostatin receptor-positive tissues such as pancreas and adrenal. The absorbed dose received by human organs was evaluated based on biodistribution studies in Syrian rats by the radiation absorbed dose assessment resource (RADAR) method. Maximum absorbed dose was obtained in the pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal with 0.105, 0.074, and 0.010 mGy/MBq, respectively. The effective absorbed dose was 0.026 mSv/MBq for 68Ga-DOTATOC. The results showed that 68Ga-DOTATOC can be considered as a safe and effective agent for clinically PET imaging applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20absorbed%20dose" title="effective absorbed dose">effective absorbed dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ga-68" title=" Ga-68"> Ga-68</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octreotide" title=" octreotide"> octreotide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIRD" title=" MIRD"> MIRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32477/human-absorbed-dose-assessment-of-68ga-dotatoc-based-on-biodistribution-data-in-syrian-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3598</span> Comparison of the Response of TLD-100 and TLD-100H Dosimeters in Diagnostic Radiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sina">S. Sina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zeinali"> B. Zeinali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karimipourfard"> M. Karimipourfard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Lotfalizadeh"> F. Lotfalizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sadeghi"> M. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Zamani"> E. Zamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zehtabian"> M. Zehtabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Faghihi"> R. Faghihi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proper dosimetery is very essential in diagnostic radiology. The goal of this study is to verify the application of LiF:Mg, Cu, P (TLD100H) in obtaining the entrance skin dose (ESD) of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology. The results of dosimetry performed by TLD-100H were compared with those obtained by TLD100, which is a common dosimeter in diagnostic radiology. The results show a close agreement between the dose measured by the two dosimeters. According to the results of this study, the TLD-100H dosimeters have higher sensitivities (i.e. signal(nc)/dose) than TLD-100. Therefore, it is suggested that the TLD-100H are effective dosimeters for dosimetry in low dose fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrance%20skin%20dose" title="entrance skin dose">entrance skin dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLD" title=" TLD"> TLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20radiology" title=" diagnostic radiology"> diagnostic radiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimeter" title=" dosimeter"> dosimeter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12974/comparison-of-the-response-of-tld-100-and-tld-100h-dosimeters-in-diagnostic-radiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3597</span> Vertebrate Model to Examine the Biological Effectiveness of Different Radiation Qualities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Em%C3%ADlia%20Szab%C3%B3">Rita Emília Szabó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%C3%B3bert%20Polanek"> Róbert Polanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%BCnde%20T%C5%91k%C3%A9s"> Tünde Tőkés</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zolt%C3%A1n%20Szab%C3%B3"> Zoltán Szabó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szabolcs%20Czifrus"> Szabolcs Czifrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20Hidegh%C3%A9ty"> Katalin Hideghéty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Several feature of zebrafish are making them amenable for investigation on therapeutic approaches such as ionizing radiation. The establishment of zebrafish model for comprehensive radiobiological research stands in the focus of our investigation, comparing the radiation effect curves of neutron and photon irradiation. Our final aim is to develop an appropriate vertebrate model in order to investigate the relative biological effectiveness of laser driven ionizing radiation. Methods and Materials: After careful dosimetry series of viable zebrafish embryos were exposed to a single fraction whole-body neutron-irradiation (1,25; 1,875; 2; 2,5 Gy) at the research reactor of the Technical University of Budapest and to conventional 6 MeV photon beam at 24 hour post-fertilization (hpf). The survival and morphologic abnormalities (pericardial edema, spine curvature) of each embryo were assessed for each experiment at 24-hour intervals from the point of fertilization up to 168 hpf (defining the dose lethal for 50% (LD50)). Results: In the zebrafish embryo model LD50 at 20 Gy dose level was defined and the same lethality were found at 2 Gy dose from the reactor neutron beam resulting RBE of 10. Dose-dependent organ perturbations were detected on macroscopic (shortening of the body length, spine curvature, microcephaly, micro-ophthalmia, micrognathia, pericardial edema, and inhibition of yolk sac resorption) and microscopic (marked cellular changes in skin, cardiac, gastrointestinal system) with the same magnitude of dose difference. Conclusion: In our observations, we found that zebrafish embryo model can be used for investigating the effects of different type of ionizing radiation and this system proved to be highly efficient vertebrate model for preclinical examinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiation" title="ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LD50" title=" LD50"> LD50</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20biological%20effectiveness" title=" relative biological effectiveness"> relative biological effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zebrafish%20embryo" title=" zebrafish embryo"> zebrafish embryo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42445/vertebrate-model-to-examine-the-biological-effectiveness-of-different-radiation-qualities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3596</span> Comparison of Breast Surface Doses for Full-Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Using Breast Phantoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Hui%20Chen">Chia-Hui Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Kuo%20Wang"> Chien-Kuo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Full field digital mammography (FFDM) is widely used in diagnosis of breast cancer. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has recently been introduced into the clinic and is being used for screening for breast cancer in the general population. Hence, the radiation dose delivered to the patients involved in an imaging protocol is of utmost concern. Aim: To compare the surface radiation dose (ESD) of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) by using breast phantoms. Method: We analyzed the average entrance surface dose (ESD) of FFDM and DBT by using breast phantoms. Optically Stimulated luminescent Dosimeters (OSLD) were placed in a tissue-equivalent Breast phantom at difference sites of interest. Absorbed dose measurements were obtained after digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) exposures. Results: An automatic exposure control (AEC) is proposed for surface dose measurement during DBT and FFDM. The mean ESD values for DBT and FFDM were 6.37 mGy and 3.51mGy, respectively. Using of OSLD measured for surface dose during DBT and FFDM. There were 19.87 mGy and 11.36 mGy, respectively. The surface exposure dose of DBT could possibly be increased by two times with FFDM. Conclusion: The radiation dose from DBT was higher than that of FFDM and the difference in dose between AEC and OSLD measurements at phantom surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full-field%20digital%20mammography" title="full-field digital mammography">full-field digital mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20breast%20tomosynthesis" title=" digital breast tomosynthesis"> digital breast tomosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optically%20stimulated%20luminescent%20dosimeters" title=" optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters"> optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20dose" title=" surface dose"> surface dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73090/comparison-of-breast-surface-doses-for-full-field-digital-mammography-and-digital-breast-tomosynthesis-using-breast-phantoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3595</span> The Study of γ- Radiolysis of 1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene in Methanol Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Karimov">Samir Karimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elshad%20Abdullayev"> Elshad Abdullayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslum%20Gurbanov"> Muslum Gurbanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the γ-radiolysis products of hexachlorocyclohexane and hexachlorobenzene, the study of 1.4 g/L concentrated 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in methanol solution has been irradiated at 0-209.3 kGy dose of γ-radiation and the results have been studied via GC-MS. At maximum radiation dose of 209.3 kGy 91.38% of TCB has converted into different organic compounds, such as 1,4-, 1,3- and 1,2- dichlorobenzenes (DCB), chlorobenzene, toluene, benzene and other chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds. The variation of compounds formed by γ-radiolysis depends on the nature of solvent and radiation dose. One of the frequently identified radiolysis products of TCB in different organic solvents - 1,4-DCB studied quantitatively with external standard. The concentration of DCB increases by increasing absorbed radiation dose to approximately 131.8 kGy, then at higher doses with its conversion into chlorobenzene, it decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B3-radiolysis" title="γ-radiolysis">γ-radiolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorinated%20pesticides" title=" chlorinated pesticides"> chlorinated pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dechlorination" title=" dechlorination"> dechlorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155160/the-study-of-gh-radiolysis-of-124-trichlorobenzene-in-methanol-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3594</span> Optical Properties of N-(Hydroxymethyl) Acrylamide Polymer Gel Dosimeters for Radiation Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Rabaeh">Khalid A. Rabaeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20Moftah"> Belal Moftah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Basfar"> Ahmed A. Basfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20A.%20Almousa"> Akram A. Almousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer gel dosimeters are tissue equivalent martial that fabricated from radiation sensitive chemicals which, upon irradiation, polymerize as a function of absorbed radiation dose. Polymer gel dosimeters can uniquely record the radiation dose distribution in three-dimensions (3D). A novel composition of normoxic polymer gel dosimeters based on radiation-induced polymerization of N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA) is introduced in this study for radiotherapy treatment planning. The dosimeters were irradiated by 10 MV photon beam of a medical linear accelerator at a constant dose rate of 600 cGy/min with doses up to 30 Gy. The polymerization degree is directly proportional to absorbed dose received by the polymer gel. UV/Vis spectrophotometer was used to investigate the degree of white color of irradiated NHMA gel which is associated to the degree of polymerization of polymer gel dosimeters. The absorbance increases with absorbed dose for all gel dosimeters in the dose range between 0 and 30 Gy. Dose rate , energy of radiation and the stability of the polymerization after irradiation were investigated. No appreciable effects of these parameters on the performance of the novel gel dosimeters were observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimeter" title="dosimeter">dosimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gel" title=" gel"> gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometer" title=" spectrophotometer"> spectrophotometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-%28Hydroxymethyl%29acrylamide" title=" N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide "> N-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylamide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34646/optical-properties-of-n-hydroxymethyl-acrylamide-polymer-gel-dosimeters-for-radiation-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3593</span> Application of Nonlinear Model to Optimize the Coagulant Dose in Drinking Water Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Derraz">M. Derraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Farhaoui"> M.Farhaoui </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the water treatment processes, the determination of the optimal dose of the coagulant is an issue of particular concern. Coagulant dosing is correlated to raw water quality which depends on some parameters (turbidity, ph, temperature, conductivity…). The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with a tool that enables to predict and replace, sometimes, the manual method (jar testing) used in this plant to predict the optimum coagulant dose. The model is constructed using actual process data for a water treatment plant located in the middle of Morocco (Meknes). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation%20process" title="coagulation process">coagulation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20sulfate" title=" aluminum sulfate"> aluminum sulfate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulant%20dose" title=" coagulant dose"> coagulant dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45249/application-of-nonlinear-model-to-optimize-the-coagulant-dose-in-drinking-water-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3592</span> Estimation of Effective Radiation Dose Following Computed Tomography Urography at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20Garba">Idris Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Rabiu%20Abdullahi"> Aisha Rabiu Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansur%20Yahuza"> Mansur Yahuza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akintade%20Dare"> Akintade Dare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: CT urography (CTU) is efficient radiological examination for the evaluation of the urinary system disorders. However, patients are exposed to a significant radiation dose which is in a way associated with increased cancer risks. Objectives: To determine Computed Tomography Dose Index following CTU, and to evaluate organs equivalent doses. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried at a tertiary institution located in Kano northwestern. Ethical clearance was sought and obtained from the research ethics board of the institution. Demographic, scan parameters and CT radiation dose data were obtained from patients that had CTU procedure. Effective dose, organ equivalent doses, and cancer risks were estimated using SPSS statistical software version 16 and CT dose calculator software. Result: A total of 56 patients were included in the study, consisting of 29 males and 27 females. The common indication for CTU examination was found to be renal cyst seen commonly among young adults (15-44yrs). CT radiation dose values in DLP, CTDI and effective dose for CTU were 2320 mGy cm, CTDIw 9.67 mGy and 35.04 mSv respectively. The probability of cancer risks was estimated to be 600 per a million CTU examinations. Conclusion: In this study, the radiation dose for CTU is considered significantly high, with increase in cancer risks probability. Wide radiation dose variations between patient doses suggest that optimization is not fulfilled yet. Patient radiation dose estimate should be taken into consideration when imaging protocols are established for CT urography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20urography" title="CT urography">CT urography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20risks" title=" cancer risks"> cancer risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20dose" title=" effective dose"> effective dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20exposure" title=" radiation exposure"> radiation exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61467/estimation-of-effective-radiation-dose-following-computed-tomography-urography-at-aminu-kano-teaching-hospital-kano-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3591</span> Comparative Study of Dose Calculation Accuracy in Bone Marrow Using Monte Carlo Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Jafarzadeh">Marzieh Jafarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Rezaee"> Fatemeh Rezaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The effect of ionizing radiation on human health can be effective for genomic integrity and cell viability. It also increases the risk of cancer and malignancy. Therefore, X-ray behavior and absorption dose calculation are considered. One of the applicable tools for calculating and evaluating the absorption dose in human tissues is Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo offers a straightforward way to simulate and integrate, and because it is simple and straightforward, Monte Carlo is easy to use. The Monte Carlo BEAMnrc code is one of the most common diagnostic X-ray simulation codes used in this study. Method: In one of the understudy hospitals, a certain number of CT scan images of patients who had previously been imaged were extracted from the hospital database. BEAMnrc software was used for simulation. The simulation of the head of the device with the energy of 0.09 MeV with 500 million particles was performed, and the output data obtained from the simulation was applied for phantom construction using CT CREATE software. The percentage of depth dose (PDD) was calculated using STATE DOSE was then compared with international standard values. Results and Discussion: The ratio of surface dose to depth dose (D/Ds) in the measured energy was estimated to be about 4% to 8% for bone and 3% to 7% for bone marrow. Conclusion: MC simulation is an efficient and accurate method for simulating bone marrow and calculating the absorbed dose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20dose" title=" absorption dose"> absorption dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BEAMnrc" title=" BEAMnrc"> BEAMnrc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20marrow" title=" bone marrow"> bone marrow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135306/comparative-study-of-dose-calculation-accuracy-in-bone-marrow-using-monte-carlo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3590</span> Comparison of Computed Tomography Dose Index, Dose Length Product and Effective Dose Among Male and Female Patients From Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Pancreatitis Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babina%20Aryal">Babina Aryal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The diagnosis of pancreatitis is generally based on clinical and laboratory findings; however, Computed Tomography (CT) is an imaging technique of choice specially Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) shows morphological characteristic findings that allow for establishing the diagnosis of pancreatitis and determining the extent of disease severity which is done along with the administration of appropriate contrast medium. The purpose of this study was to compare Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI), Dose Length Product (DLP) and Effective Dose (ED) among male and female patients from Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) Pancreatitis Protocol. Methods: This retrospective study involved data collection based on clinical/laboratory/ultrasonography diagnosis of Pancreatitis and has undergone CECT Abdomen pancreatitis protocol. data collection involved detailed information about a patient's Age and Gender, Clinical history, Individual Computed Tomography Dose Index and Dose Length Product and effective dose. Results: We have retrospectively collected dose data from 150 among which 127 were males and 23 were females. The values obtained from the display of the CT screen were measured, calculated and compared to determine whether the CTDI, DLP and ED values were similar or not. CTDI for females was more as compared to males. The differences in CTDI values for females and males were 32.2087 and 37.1609 respectively. DLP values and Effective dose for both the genders did not show significant differences. Conclusion: This study concluded that there were no more significant changes in the DLP and ED values among both the genders however we noticed that female patients had more CTDI than males. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title="computed tomography">computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast%20enhanced%20computed%20tomography" title=" contrast enhanced computed tomography"> contrast enhanced computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography%20dose%20index" title=" computed tomography dose index"> computed tomography dose index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20length%20product" title=" dose length product"> dose length product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20dose" title=" effective dose"> effective dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175402/comparison-of-computed-tomography-dose-index-dose-length-product-and-effective-dose-among-male-and-female-patients-from-contrast-enhanced-computed-tomography-pancreatitis-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3589</span> Using SNAP and RADTRAD to Establish the Analysis Model for Maanshan PWR Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Wang">J. R. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Chen"> H. C. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shih"> C. Shih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Chen"> S. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Yang"> J. H. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chiang"> Y. Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we focus on the establishment of the analysis model for Maanshan PWR nuclear power plant (NPP) by using RADTRAD and SNAP codes with the FSAR, manuals, and other data. In order to evaluate the cumulative dose at the Exclusion Area Boundary (EAB) and Low Population Zone (LPZ) outer boundary, Maanshan NPP RADTRAD/SNAP model was used to perform the analysis of the DBA LOCA case. The analysis results of RADTRAD were similar to FSAR data. These analysis results were lower than the failure criteria of 10 CFR 100.11 (a total radiation dose to the whole body, 250 mSv; a total radiation dose to the thyroid from iodine exposure, 3000 mSv). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RADionuclide" title="RADionuclide">RADionuclide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal" title=" removal"> removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20dose%20estimation%20%28RADTRAD%29" title=" and dose estimation (RADTRAD)"> and dose estimation (RADTRAD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolic%20nuclear%20analysis%20package%20%28SNAP%29" title=" symbolic nuclear analysis package (SNAP)"> symbolic nuclear analysis package (SNAP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose" title=" dose"> dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWR" title=" PWR"> PWR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73319/using-snap-and-radtrad-to-establish-the-analysis-model-for-maanshan-pwr-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3588</span> Results of EPR Dosimetry Study of Population Residing in the Vicinity of the Uranium Mines and Uranium Processing Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Zhumadilov">K. Zhumadilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kazymbet"> P. Kazymbet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ivannikov"> A. Ivannikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bakhtin"> M. Bakhtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Akylbekov"> A. Akylbekov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kadyrzhanov"> K. Kadyrzhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Morzabayev"> A. Morzabayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hoshi"> M. Hoshi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible excess of dose received by uranium processing plant workers. The possible excess of dose of workers was evaluated with comparison with population pool (Stepnogorsk) and control pool (Astana city). The measured teeth samples were extracted according to medical indications. In total, twenty-seven tooth enamel samples were analyzed from the residents of Stepnogorsk city (180 km from Astana city, Kazakhstan). About 6 tooth samples were collected from the workers of uranium processing plant. The results of tooth enamel dose estimation show us small influence of working conditions to workers, the maximum excess dose is less than 100 mGy. This is pilot study of EPR dose estimation and for a final conclusion additional sample is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPR%20dose" title="EPR dose">EPR dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers" title=" workers"> workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium%20mines" title=" uranium mines"> uranium mines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20samples" title=" tooth samples"> tooth samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2357/results-of-epr-dosimetry-study-of-population-residing-in-the-vicinity-of-the-uranium-mines-and-uranium-processing-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3587</span> Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a HPGe Detector Shield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sharifi">M. Sharifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mirzaii"> M. Mirzaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bolourinovin"> F. Bolourinovin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia"> H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akbari"> M. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yousefi-Mojir"> K. Yousefi-Mojir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multilayer passive shield composed of low-activity lead (Pb), copper (Cu), tin (Sn) and iron (Fe) was designed and manufactured for a coaxial HPGe detector placed at a surface laboratory for reducing background radiation and radiation dose to the personnel. The performance of the shield was evaluated and efficiency curves of the detector were plotted by using of the various standard sources in different distances. Monte Carlo simulations and a set of TLD chips were used for dose estimation in two distances of 20 and 40 cm. The results show that the shield reduced background spectrum and the personnel dose more than 95%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPGe%20shield" title="HPGe shield">HPGe shield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20count" title=" background count"> background count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personnel%20dose" title=" personnel dose"> personnel dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20curve" title=" efficiency curve"> efficiency curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34295/design-construction-and-performance-evaluation-of-a-hpge-detector-shield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3586</span> Calculation of Organs Radiation Dose in Cervical Carcinoma External Irradiation Beam Using Day’s Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousif%20M.%20Yousif%20Abdallah">Yousif M. Yousif Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20E.%20Gar-Elnabi"> Mohamed E. Gar-Elnabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdoelrahman%20H.%20A.%20Bakary"> Abdoelrahman H. A. Bakary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20M.%20H.%20Eltoum"> Alaa M. H. Eltoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazeem%20K.%20M.%20Ali"> Abdelazeem K. M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was established to measure the amount of radiation outside the treatment field in external beam radiation therapy using day method of dose calculation, the data was collected from 89 patients of cervical carcinoma in order to determine if the dose outside side the irradiation treatment field for spleen, liver, both kidneys, small bowel, large colon, skin within the acceptable limit or not. The cervical field included mainly 4 organs which are bladder, rectum part of small bowel and hip joint these organ received mean dose of (4781.987±281.321), (4736.91±331.8), (4647.64±387.1) and (4745.91±321.11) respectively. The mean dose received by outfield organs was (77.69±15.24cGy) to large colon, (93.079±12.31cGy) to right kidney (80.688±12.644cGy) to skin, (155.86±17.69cGy) to small bowel. This was more significant value noted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title="radiation dose">radiation dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20carcinoma" title=" cervical carcinoma"> cervical carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=day%E2%80%99s%20methods" title=" day’s methods"> day’s methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20medicine" title=" radiation medicine"> radiation medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6291/calculation-of-organs-radiation-dose-in-cervical-carcinoma-external-irradiation-beam-using-days-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3585</span> The Dose to Organs in Lumbar-Abdominal Computed Tomography Imaging Using TLD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zehtabian">M. Zehtabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Molaiemanesh"> Z. Molaiemanesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Shafahi"> Z. Shafahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Papie"> M. Papie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zahraie%20Moghaddam"> M. Zahraie Moghaddam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mehralizadeh"> M. Mehralizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Vahidi"> M. R. Vahidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sina"> S. Sina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The introduction of CT scans has been a great improvement in diagnosis of different diseases. However, this imaging modality can expose the patients to cumulative radiation doses which may increase the risks of some health problems like cancer. In this study, the dose delivered to different organs in lumbar-abdominal imaging was measured by putting the TLD-100, and TLD-100H chips inside the Alderson Rando phantom. The lumbar-abdominal image of the phantom was obtained, while TLD chips were inside the holes of the phantom. According to the results obtained in this study using TLD-100 chips, the average dose received by liver, bladder, rectum, kidneys, and uterus were found to be 12.9 mSv, 8.9 mSv, 10.1 mSv, 11.0 mSv, 11.2 mSv, and 10.5 mSv respectively, while the measurements performed by TLD-100H show that the average dose to liver, bladder, rectum, kidneys, and uterus were found to be 12.4 mSv, 9.2 mSv, 9.5 mSv, 10.5 mSv, 10.7 mSv, and 9.9 mSv respectively. The results of this study indicates that the dose measured by the TLD-100H chips are in close agreement with those obtained by TLD-100. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose" title=" dose"> dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLD-100" title=" TLD-100"> TLD-100</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12970/the-dose-to-organs-in-lumbar-abdominal-computed-tomography-imaging-using-tld" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3584</span> Investigation of Polymer Composite for High Dose Dosimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Lorrayne%20%20M.%20Pereira">Esther Lorrayne M. Pereira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20S.%20M.%20Batista"> Adriana S. M. Batista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fab%C3%ADola%20A.%20S.%20Ribeiro"> Fabíola A. S. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelina%20P.%20Santos"> Adelina P. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luiz%20O.%20Faria"> Luiz O. Faria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work we have prepared nanocomposites made by mixing Poli (vinilidene fluoride) (PVDF), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) and multi–walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) aiming to find dosimetric properties for applications in high dose dosimetry. The samples were irradiated with a Co-60 source at constant dose rate (16.7 kGy/h), with doses ranging from 100 to 2750 kGy. The UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry have been used to monitor the appearing of C=C conjugated bonds and radio-oxidation of carbon (C=O). FTIR spectrometry has that the absorbance intensities at 1715 cm⁻¹ and 1730 cm⁻¹ can be used for high dosimetry purposes for gamma doses ranging from 500 to 2750 kGy. In this range, it is possible to observe a linear relationship between Abs & Dose. Fading of signal was evaluated for one month and reproducibility in 2000 kGy dose. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used for evaluated the dispersion ZrO₂ and MWCNT in the matrix of the PVDF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title="polymer">polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20dose%20dosimetry" title=" high dose dosimetry"> high dose dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF%2FZrO%E2%82%82%2FMWCNT" title=" PVDF/ZrO₂/MWCNT"> PVDF/ZrO₂/MWCNT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65263/investigation-of-polymer-composite-for-high-dose-dosimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3583</span> Predicting Dose Level and Length of Time for Radiation Exposure Using Gene Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Sima">Chao Sima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanaz%20Ghandhi"> Shanaz Ghandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20A.%20Amundson"> Sally A. Amundson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20L.%20Bittner"> Michael L. Bittner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20J.%20Brenner"> David J. Brenner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a large-scale radiologic emergency, potentially affected population need to be triaged efficiently using various biomarkers where personal dosimeters are not likely worn by the individuals. It has long been established that radiation injury can be estimated effectively using panels of genetic biomarkers. Furthermore, the rate of radiation, in addition to dose of radiation, plays a major role in determining biological responses. Therefore, a better and more accurate triage involves estimating both the dose level of the exposure and the length of time of that exposure. To that end, a large in vivo study was carried out on mice with internal emitter caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). Four different injection doses of ¹³⁷Cs were used: 157.5 μCi, 191 μCi, 214.5μCi, and 259 μCi. Cohorts of 6~7 mice from the control arm and each of the dose levels were sacrificed, and blood was collected 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after injection for microarray RNA gene expression analysis. Using a generalized linear model with penalized maximum likelihood, a panel of 244 genes was established and both the doses of injection and the number of days after injection were accurately predicted for all 155 subjects using this panel. This has proven that microarray gene expression can be used effectively in radiation biodosimetry in predicting both the dose levels and the length of exposure time, which provides a more holistic view on radiation exposure and helps improving radiation damage assessment and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caesium-137" title="caesium-137">caesium-137</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression%20microarray" title=" gene expression microarray"> gene expression microarray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20responses%20prediction" title=" multivariate responses prediction"> multivariate responses prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20biodosimetry" title=" radiation biodosimetry"> radiation biodosimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88188/predicting-dose-level-and-length-of-time-for-radiation-exposure-using-gene-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3582</span> Evaluating the Radiation Dose Involved in Interventional Radiology Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholood%20Baron">Kholood Baron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiologic interventional studies use fluoroscopy imaging guidance to perform both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These could result in high radiation doses being delivered to the patients and also to the radiology team. This is due to the prolonged fluoroscopy time and the large number of images taken, even when dose-minimizing techniques and modern fluoroscopic tools are applied. Hence, these procedures are part of the everyday routine of interventional radiology doctors, assistant nurses, and radiographers. Thus, it is important to estimate the radiation exposure dose they received in order to give objective advice and reduce both patient and radiology team radiation exposure dose. The aim of this study was to find out the total radiation dose reaching the radiologist and the patient during an interventional procedure and to determine the impact of certain parameters on the patient dose. Method: The radiation dose was measured by TLD devices (thermoluminescent dosimeter; radiation dosimeter device). Physicians, patients, nurses, and radiographers wore TLDs during 12 interventional radiology procedures performed in two hospitals, Mubarak and Chest Hospital. This study highlights the need for interventional radiologists to be mindful of the radiation doses received by both patients and medical staff during interventional radiology procedures. The findings emphasize the impact of factors such as fluoroscopy duration and the number of images taken on the patient dose. By raising awareness and providing insights into optimizing techniques and protective measures, this research contributes to the overall goal of reducing radiation doses and ensuring the safety of patients and medical staff. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title="dosimetry">dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventional%20radiology%20procedures" title=" interventional radiology procedures"> interventional radiology procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20radiation%20dose" title=" patient radiation dose"> patient radiation dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174903/evaluating-the-radiation-dose-involved-in-interventional-radiology-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3581</span> Experimental and Analytical Dose Assessment of Patient's Family Members Treated with I-131</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Ebrahimi">Marzieh Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Changizi"> Vahid Changizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Kardan"> Mohammad Reza Kardan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mahdi%20Hosseini%20Pooya"> Seyed Mahdi Hosseini Pooya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parham%20Geramifar"> Parham Geramifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation exposure to the patient's family members is one of the major concerns during thyroid cancer radionuclide therapy. The aim of this study was to measure the total effective dose of the family members by means of thermoluminescence personal dosimeter, and compare with those calculated by analytical methods. Eighty-five adult family members of fifty-one patients volunteered to participate in this research study. Considering the minimum and maximum range of dose rate from 15 µsv/h to 120 µsv/h at patients' release time, the calculated mean and median dose values of family members were 0.45 mSv and 0.28 mSv, respectively. Moreover, almost all family members’ doses were measured to be less than the dose constraint of 5 mSv recommended by Basic Safety Standards. Considering the influence parameters such as patient dose rate and administrated activity, the total effective doses of family members were calculated by TEDE and NRC formulas and compared with those of experimental results. The results indicated that, it is fruitful to use the quantitative calculations for releasing patients treated with I-131 and correct estimation of patients' family doses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20dose" title="effective dose">effective dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoluminescence" title=" thermoluminescence"> thermoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-131" title=" I-131"> I-131</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20cancer" title=" thyroid cancer"> thyroid cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50786/experimental-and-analytical-dose-assessment-of-patients-family-members-treated-with-i-131" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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