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未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-心理学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#心理学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>心理学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-心理学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关心理学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-心理学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-理论化的心理学启发法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理论化的心理学启发法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>理论化的心理学启发法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-理论化的心理学启发法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哲学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哲学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>哲学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哲学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>法律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-计算机科学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#计算机科学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>计算机科学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-计算机科学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关计算机科学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-计算机科学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人机交互" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人机交互"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>人机交互</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人机交互-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">启发法</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。57种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristiek" title="Heuristiek – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Heuristiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A" title="حدس مهني – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حدس مهني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evristika" title="Evristika – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Evristika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евристика – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евристика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristik" title="Heuristik – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Heuristik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="আবিষ্করণী – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবিষ্করণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heur%C3%ADstica" title="Heurística – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heurística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristik" title="Heuristik – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Heuristik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristik" title="Heuristik – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heuristik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ευρετική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρετική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Heuristic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C5%ADristiko" title="Heŭristiko – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heŭristiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heur%C3%ADstica" title="Heurística – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heurística" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%86%DB%8C" title="رهیافت آنی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رهیافت آنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristiikka" title="Heuristiikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heuristiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristique" title="Heuristique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Heuristique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heorastaic" title="Heorastaic – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Heorastaic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heur%C3%ADstica" title="Heurística – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Heurística" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="היוריסטיקה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היוריסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heurisztika" title="Heurisztika – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Heurisztika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Էվրիստիկա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էվրիստիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristiko" title="Heuristiko – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Heuristiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euristica" title="Euristica – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Euristica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ヒューリスティック – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューリスティック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эвристика – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эвристика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B1_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="휴리스틱 이론 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴리스틱 이론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эвристика – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эвристика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евристика – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евристика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="हिउरिस्टिक – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिउरिस्टिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristiek" title="Heuristiek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heuristiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristikk" title="Heuristikk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Heuristikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristikk" title="Heuristikk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heuristikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euristica" title="Euristica – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Euristica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heurystyka_(logika)" title="Heurystyka (logika) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heurystyka (logika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heur%C3%ADstica" title="Heurística – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heurística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эвристика – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эвристика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heuristic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevristika" title="Hevristika – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hevristika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хеуристика – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хеуристика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristik" title="Heuristik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heuristik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="கண்டறி முறை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கண்டறி முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="วิทยาการศึกษาสำนึก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาการศึกษาสำนึก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezgisel_analiz" title="Sezgisel analiz – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sezgisel analiz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евристика – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Евристика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evristika" title="Evristika – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Evristika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Heuristic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heuristika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E6%80%9D%E6%B3%95" title="捷思法 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷思法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q201413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_English plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic" class="extiw" title="en:Heuristic">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>啟發法</b>（英語：Heuristic，來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a> εὑρίσκω (heurískō)），或稱<b>策略法</b>、<b>助发现法</b>、<b>启发力</b>、<b>捷思法</b>等，是任何<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="解決問題">解決問題</a>或自我探索（英語：self-discovery）的方法，它採用的實用方法不能保證是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="最佳化">最佳</a>的、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="完美主义">完美</a>的或<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性">理性</a>的，但仍然足以達到立即的、短期的目標或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="近似">近似</a>值。在不可能找到最佳解決方案或不切實際的情況下，可以使用啟發式方法來加快找到滿意解決方案的過程。該方法可以是減輕<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="決策">決策</a>過程<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%B2%A0%E8%8D%B7" title="認知負荷">認知負荷</a>的心理捷徑。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conceptually_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conceptually-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>啟發法解釋了在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a>有限（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊">資訊</a>不完整）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="時間">時間</a>有限的情況下，得出可能陳述或可行解決方案的藝術。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 它描述了一種分析程序，在該程序中，在對系統了解有限的情況下，在推定結論的幫助下做出有關系統的陳述。由此得出的結論往往偏離最優解。啟發法的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="品質">品質</a>可以透過將其與最佳解決方案進行比較來確定。 </p><p>常見的啟發法有<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%97%E8%A9%A6%E9%8C%AF%E8%AA%A4%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="嘗試錯誤法">嘗試錯誤法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E6%A8%A3" title="抽樣">隨機樣本</a>的統計評估和消除程序（德語： Ausschlussverfahren，或稱消去法、消除法、刪去法等）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="經驗法則">經驗法則</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E8%A8%AD" title="擬設">有根據的猜測</a>等。啟發法基於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="經驗">經驗</a>；它們也可能基於“錯誤”的經驗（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%81%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="認知偏誤">認知偏誤</a>、扭曲的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="感知">感知</a>、虛假的相關性、<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="偽關係">伪关系</a>等）。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="心理学"><span id=".E5.BF.83.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6"></span>心理学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：心理学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>心理学上“启发法”指用于解释人们如何进行决策、调整和解决问题的简单有效的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A6%82%E6%B5%8B%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="概测规则（页面不存在）">概测规则</a>，通常用以处理复合的问题和不完全的信息。这个规则在大部分情形下有效，但是在特定的情形下可能导致系统性的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="认知偏差">认知偏差</a>。 </p><p>例如，人们觉得贵的啤酒比便宜的味道要好。这种认识在价格和品牌相关的时候是对的；高价加于不贵的品牌上会让实验的参加者们感受到，此啤酒比不贵的啤酒味道要好。这可称作“‘价格意味着质量’偏差”。 </p><p>许多探索人类决策者的“启发法”的著作出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%91%A9%E5%8F%B8%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="阿摩司·特沃斯基">阿摩司·特沃斯基</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%86%85%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="丹尼尔·卡内曼">丹尼尔·卡内曼</a>，对<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="行为金融学">行为金融学</a>有很重大的影响。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E6%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲德·吉格伦泽（页面不存在）">哲德·吉格伦泽</a>（Gerd Gigerenzer）提出批评，认为应该关注于“启发法”如何用于原则性的准确判断而不是产生<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="认知偏差">认知偏差</a>——“快捷而简朴”的启发法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="理论化的心理学启发法"><span id=".E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA.E5.8C.96.E7.9A.84.E5.BF.83.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6.E5.90.AF.E5.8F.91.E6.B3.95"></span>理论化的心理学启发法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：理论化的心理学启发法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>广为人知的</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E9%94%9A%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定锚和调整启发法（页面不存在）">定锚和调整启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%BE%97%E6%80%A7%E6%8D%B7%E6%80%9D%E6%B3%95" title="可得性捷思法">可得性捷思法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%8D%B7%E6%80%9D%E6%B3%95" title="代表性捷思法">代表性捷思法</a></li></ul> <p><i>较少为人所知的</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E5%8A%A8%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感动启发法（页面不存在）">感动启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传染启发法（页面不存在）">传染启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%8A%9B%E5%95%9F%E7%99%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E6%B3%95" title="努力啟發式思考法">努力啟發式思考法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%9F%E6%82%89%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熟悉启发法（页面不存在）">熟悉启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="频率启发法（页面不存在）">频率启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%AE%E7%BB%93%E5%B0%BE%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高潮结尾规则（页面不存在）">高潮结尾规则</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="识别启发法（页面不存在）">识别启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%80%E7%BC%BA%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稀缺启发法（页面不存在）">稀缺启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="相似启发法（页面不存在）">相似启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E6%80%A7%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模拟性启发法（页面不存在）">模拟性启发法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会证据（页面不存在）">社会证据</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%9C%E5%8F%96%E6%9C%80%E5%A5%BD%E2%80%9D%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="“取最好”启发法（页面不存在）">“取最好”启发法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凝視捷思" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="gaze heuristic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E8%A6%96%E6%8D%B7%E6%80%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝視捷思（页面不存在）">凝視捷思</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gaze_heuristic" class="extiw" title="en:gaze heuristic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">gaze heuristic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="哲学"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.A6"></span>哲学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：哲学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A8%E5%AE%9A%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="錨定效應">錨定效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%8D%B7%E6%80%9D%E6%B3%95" title="代表性捷思法">代表性捷思法</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B"></span>法律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：法律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="计算机科学"><span id=".E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97.E6.9C.BA.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6"></span>计算机科学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：计算机科学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>防毒軟體常藉由某一可疑特徵或程式行為來查殺未知病毒，但也可能造成誤判正常檔案。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人机交互"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.9C.BA.E4.BA.A4.E4.BA.92"></span>人机交互</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：人机交互"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>启发法经常用于模式串识别与匹配，web页面搜索。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="行為經濟學">行为经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="问题解决">问题解决</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%81%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="認知偏誤">認知偏誤</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Myers, David G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialpsychology00myer_923">Social psychology</a> Tenth. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 2010: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialpsychology00myer_923/page/n118">94</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-07337-066-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-07337-066-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-07337-066-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/667213323"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 667213323</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.btitle=Social+psychology&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=Tenth&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-07337-066-8&rft.pages=94&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialpsychology00myer_923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F667213323&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conceptually-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conceptually_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conceptually.org/concepts/heuristics">Heuristics - Explanation and examples</a>. Conceptually. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2019]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221102617/https://conceptually.org/concepts/heuristics">存档</a>于2021-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&rft.atitle=Heuristics+-+Explanation+and+examples&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conceptually&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconceptually.org%2Fconcepts%2Fheuristics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Gigerenzer und P. M. Todd mit der ABC Research Group: <i>Simple heuristics that make us smart.</i> Oxford University Press, New York 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulf Pillkahn: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=dDQcfLDOE5cC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=%22bekannteste+Heuristik%22&source=bl&ots=WZdVWw4dM3&sig=_-UMDw2yVahbyRu2-8n8nQ6SLCc&hl=de&sa=X&ei=sXwYUe_wK4XZsga35ICYDQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bekannteste%20Heuristik%22&f=false"><i>Innovationen zwischen Planung und Zufall: Bausteine einer Theorie der bewussten Irritation.</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140425123609/http://books.google.de/books?id=dDQcfLDOE5cC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=%22bekannteste+Heuristik%22&source=bl&ots=WZdVWw4dM3&sig=_-UMDw2yVahbyRu2-8n8nQ6SLCc&hl=de&sa=X&ei=sXwYUe_wK4XZsga35ICYDQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bekannteste%20Heuristik%22&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Books on Demand 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783844817379&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783844817379（页面不存在）">ISBN 978-3-8448-1737-9</a>, S. 170.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenlightwiki.com/heuristic">The Heuristic Wiki</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160709115154/http://greenlightwiki.com/heuristic">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020216093049/http://www.geocities.com/francorbusetti/index.html">Heuristics and artificial intelligence in finance and investment</a>—The use of heuristics and AI techniques in finance and investment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AF%E5%8F%91%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>How To Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method</i>, George Polya, Princeton University Press, 1945,1957,1973. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0691023565" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-02356-5</a>   <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0691080976" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-08097-6</a></li> <li><i>Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics & Biases</i>, ed. Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky and Paul Slovic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/">Cambridge University Press</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303175956/http://www.cambridge.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521284147" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521284147</a></li> <li><i>Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach</i>, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima.html">[1]</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160427143738/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Prentice Hall, 2nd ed., 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0137903952" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0137903952</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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