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<li id="toc-Pre-industrial_Old_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-industrial_Old_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-industrial Old World</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-industrial_Old_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_go" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_go"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>On the go</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-On_the_go-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle On the go subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-On_the_go-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filling_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filling_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Filling stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filling_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_vendors_and_concessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_vendors_and_concessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Street vendors and concessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Street_vendors_and_concessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cuisine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Globalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Globalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Globalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Globalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fast food</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitskos" title="Kitskos – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kitskos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="وجبة سريعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وجبة سريعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birolla_rapida" title="Birolla rapida – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Birolla rapida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3_%D5%8D%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Արագ Սնունդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արագ Սնունդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pignochi%C3%A9re" title="Pignochiére – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pignochiére" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comida_r%C3%A1pida" title="Comida rápida – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Comida rápida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastfud" title="Fastfud – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fastfud" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AF" title="فست‌فود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فست‌فود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ঝটপট খাবার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঝটপট খাবার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sok-si%CC%8Dt" title="Sok-si̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sok-si̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D2%99_%D1%82%D1%83%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Тиҙ туҡланыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тиҙ туҡланыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Фаст-фуд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фаст-фуд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Фаст-фуд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фаст-фуд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%BE_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Бързо хранене – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бързо хранене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མགྱོགས་ཟས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མགྱོགས་ཟས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boued_paket_buan" title="Boued paket buan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boued paket buan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menjar_r%C3%A0pid" title="Menjar ràpid – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Menjar ràpid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rychl%C3%A9_ob%C4%8Derstven%C3%AD" title="Rychlé občerstvení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rychlé občerstvení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastfood" title="Fastfood – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fastfood" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Food" title="Fast Food – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fast Food" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiirtoit" title="Kiirtoit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiirtoit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84_%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Φαστ φουντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαστ φουντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comida_r%C3%A1pida" title="Comida rápida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comida rápida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidman%C4%9Da%C4%B5o" title="Rapidmanĝaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rapidmanĝaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janari_laster" title="Janari laster – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Janari laster" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AF" title="فست فود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فست فود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauration_rapide" title="Restauration rapide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Restauration rapide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mearbhia" title="Mearbhia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mearbhia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comida_r%C3%A1pida" title="Comida rápida – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comida rápida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A1" title="ફાસ્ટ ફૂડ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફાસ્ટ ફૂડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%91%B8%EB%93%9C" title="패스트 푸드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패스트 푸드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3_%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Արագ սնունդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արագ սնունդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1" title="फास्ट फूड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फास्ट फूड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brza_hrana" title="Brza hrana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brza hrana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makanan_siap_saji" title="Makanan siap saji – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makanan siap saji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyndibiti" title="Skyndibiti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skyndibiti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8" title="מזון מהיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזון מהיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panganan_cepet_saji" title="Panganan cepet saji – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panganan cepet saji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0_(%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF)" title="ಸಿದ್ಧ ಆಹಾರ (ತ್ವರಿತ ಖಾದ್ಯ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿದ್ಧ ಆಹಾರ (ತ್ವರಿತ ಖಾದ್ಯ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ფასტფუდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფასტფუდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Фастфуд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фастфуд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xwarina_bilez" title="Xwarina bilez – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xwarina bilez" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibus_promptus" title="Cibus promptus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cibus promptus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80tr%C4%81_%C4%93din%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Ātrā ēdināšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ātrā ēdināšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greitasis_maistas" title="Greitasis maistas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Greitasis maistas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastfood" title="Fastfood – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fastfood" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorazion_rapida" title="Restorazion rapida – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Restorazion rapida" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyors%C3%A9tel" title="Gyorsétel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyorsétel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Брза храна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брза храна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A" title="झटपट खाऊ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झटपट खाऊ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makanan_segera" title="Makanan segera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makanan segera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makanan_siok_saji" title="Makanan siok saji – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makanan siok saji" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="အမြန်ပြင် အစားအစာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမြန်ပြင် အစားအစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastfood" title="Fastfood – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fastfood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemakseten" title="Gemakseten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gemakseten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ファーストフード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファーストフード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurtigmat" title="Hurtigmat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hurtigmat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%B8ggmat" title="Snøggmat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Snøggmat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਫਾਸਟ ਫੂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਸਟ ਫੂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Быстрое питание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Быстрое питание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushqimi_i_shpejt%C3%AB" title="Ushqimi i shpejtë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ushqimi i shpejtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDchle_ob%C4%8Derstvenie" title="Rýchle občerstvenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rýchle občerstvenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitra_hrana" title="Hitra hrana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hitra hrana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="خواردنی خێرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خواردنی خێرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Брза храна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брза храна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brza_hrana" title="Brza hrana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brza hrana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikaruoka" title="Pikaruoka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pikaruoka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snabbmat" title="Snabbmat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Snabbmat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangmadaliang_pagkain" title="Pangmadaliang pagkain – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangmadaliang pagkain" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="துரித உணவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துரித உணவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="อาหารจานด่วน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารจานด่วน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Фаст-фуд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фаст-фуд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%81%D9%88%DA%88" title="فاسٹ فوڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فاسٹ فوڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiruhs%C3%B6m" title="Kiruhsöm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kiruhsöm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A9c_%C4%83n_nhanh" title="Thức ăn nhanh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thức ăn nhanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A7%83%E9%A4%90" title="駃餐 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="駃餐" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%A4%90" title="快餐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="快餐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93" title="פאסט פוד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאסט פוד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%A4%90" title="快餐 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="快餐" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fast food" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Food prepared and served in a small amount of time</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fast food (disambiguation)">Fast food (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style 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height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hotdog_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/213px-Hotdog_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hotdog_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg/284px-Hotdog_-_Evan_Swigart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2033" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fried_Chicken_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/142px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/213px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/284px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastrami_grinder_(2012).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pastrami_grinder_%282012%29.jpg/250px-Pastrami_grinder_%282012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pastrami_grinder_%282012%29.jpg/330px-Pastrami_grinder_%282012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4_donuts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/4_donuts.jpg/250px-4_donuts.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/4_donuts.jpg/330px-4_donuts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4026" data-file-height="2684" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Examples of fast food (left to right, top to bottom): <a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drink</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Margherita" title="Pizza Margherita">pizza Margherita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">fried chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submarine_sandwich" title="Submarine sandwich">submarine sandwich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Donuts">donuts</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Fast food</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass-produced</a> food designed for commercial resale, with a strong priority placed on speed of service. <i>Fast food</i> is a commercial term, limited to food sold in a <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a> or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients and served in packaging for <a href="/wiki/Take-out" title="Take-out">take-out</a> or takeaway. Fast food was created as a commercial strategy to accommodate large numbers of busy commuters, travelers and <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wage workers</a>. In 2018, the fast-food industry was worth an estimated $570 billion globally.<sup id="cite_ref-FH-2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fastest form of "fast food" consists of pre-cooked meals which reduce waiting periods to mere seconds. Other fast-food outlets, primarily <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburger</a> outlets such as <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>, use mass-produced, pre-prepared ingredients (bagged buns and condiments, frozen beef patties, vegetables which are pre-washed, pre-sliced, or both; etc.) and cook the meat and <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> fresh, before assembling "to order". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fast-food_restaurants" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast-food restaurants">Fast-food restaurants</a> are traditionally distinguished by the <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a>. Outlets may be stands or <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosks</a>, which may provide no shelter or seating,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fast-food restaurants (also known as <i>quick-service restaurants</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Franchising" title="Franchising">Franchise</a> operations that are part of <a href="/wiki/Chain_store" title="Chain store">restaurant chains</a> have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many fast foods tend to be high in <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a>, sugar, salt and calories.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fast-food consumption has been linked to increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_cholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="High cholesterol">high cholesterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">insulin resistance conditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These correlations remain strong even when controlling for confounding lifestyle variables, suggesting a strong association between fast-food consumption and increased risk of disease and early mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_noodles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chinese_noodles.JPG/220px-Chinese_noodles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chinese_noodles.JPG/330px-Chinese_noodles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chinese_noodles.JPG/440px-Chinese_noodles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Pulling wheat dough into thin strands to form <i><a href="/wiki/Lamian" title="Lamian">lamian</a></i></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant#History" title="Fast-food restaurant">Fast-food restaurant § History</a></div> <p>The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban developments. Homes in emerging cities often lacked adequate space or proper food preparation accoutrements. Additionally, procuring cooking fuel could cost as much as purchased produce. Frying foods in vats of searing oil proved as dangerous as it was expensive. Homeowners feared that a rogue cooking fire "might easily conflagrate an entire neighborhood".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, urbanites were encouraged to purchase pre-prepared meats or starches, such as bread or noodles, whenever possible. This also ensured that customers with strictly limited time (a commuter stopping to procure <a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">dinner</a> to bring home to their family, for example, or an hourly laborer on a short <a href="/wiki/Lunch_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunch break">lunch break</a>) were not inconvenienced by waiting for their food to be cooked on-the-spot (as is expected from a traditional "sit down" <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, cities had street stands—a large counter with a receptacle in the middle from which food or drink would have been served.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was during post-WWII American economic boom that Americans began to spend more and buy more as the economy boomed and a culture of <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a> bloomed. As a result of this new desire to have it all, coupled with the strides made by women while the men were away, both members of the household began to work outside the home. Eating out, which had previously been considered a luxury, became a common occurrence, and then a necessity. Workers, and working families, needed quick service and inexpensive food for both lunch and dinner. The traditional family dinner is increasingly being replaced by the consumption of takeaway fast food. As a result, the time invested on food preparation is getting lower, with an average woman in the United States spending 47 minutes per day preparing food and the average man spending 19 minutes per day in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-industrial_Old_World">Pre-industrial Old World</h3></div> <p>In the cities of Roman antiquity, much of the urban population living in <i><a href="/wiki/Insulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae">insulae</a></i>, multi-story apartment blocks, depended on food vendors for many of their meals; the Forum itself served as a marketplace where Romans could purchase baked goods and cured meats.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mornings, bread soaked in wine was eaten as a quick snack and cooked vegetables and stews later in <i><a href="/wiki/Popina" title="Popina">popina</a></i>, a simple type of eating establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Asia, 12th-century Chinese ate fried dough, soups and stuffed buns, all of which still exist as contemporary snack food.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their Baghdadi contemporaries supplemented home-cooked meals with processed legumes, purchased starches, and even ready-to-eat meats.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, large towns and major urban areas such as <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> supported numerous vendors that sold dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">pasties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Custard_tart" title="Custard tart">flans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">pancakes</a> and cooked meats. As in Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those who did not have means to cook their own food, particularly single households. Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen facilities and thus relied on fast food. Travelers such as <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> en route to a <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">holy site</a>, were among the customers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg/250px-Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg/330px-Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Oldham_-_first_chip_shop_in_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> in Oldham, England commemorating the 1860s origins of <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chip_shop" title="Fish and chip shop">fish and chip shops</a> and the fast food industry</figcaption></figure> <p>In areas with access to <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> or tidal waters, 'fast food' frequently included local <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a> or, as in London, <a href="/wiki/Eel_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eel (food)">eels</a>. Often this seafood was cooked directly on the <a href="/wiki/Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quay">quay</a> or close by.<sup id="cite_ref-pie_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pie-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_trawler" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial trawler">trawler fishing</a> in the mid-nineteenth century led to the development of a British favourite, <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a>, and the first shop in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-Webb_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg/250px-BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg/330px-BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg/500px-BCLM_fish%2Bchips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a> in a wrapper</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a>'s Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the fish and chip shop and fast food industries.<sup id="cite_ref-Webb_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a cheap fast food served in a wrapper, fish and chips became a stock meal among the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Working_classes" class="mw-redirect" title="Working classes">working classes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Webb_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Via the Industrial Revolution, the fish and chip business expanded rapidly in Britain during the 19th century to satisfy the needs of the growing industrial population.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1910, there were more than 25,000 fish and chip shops across the UK, and in the 1920s there were more than 35,000 shops.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ramsden%27s" title="Harry Ramsden's">Harry Ramsden's</a> fast food restaurant chain opened its first fish and chip shop in <a href="/wiki/Guiseley" title="Guiseley">Guiseley</a>, West Yorkshire in 1928. On a single day in 1952, the shop served 10,000 portions of fish and chips, earning a place in the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British fast food had considerable regional variation. Sometimes the regionality of a dish became part of the culture of its respective area, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_pasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish pasty">Cornish pasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deep-fried_Mars_bar" title="Deep-fried Mars bar">deep-fried Mars bar</a>. The content of fast food pies has varied, with <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">wildfowl</a> commonly being used. Since the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">turkey</a> has been used more frequently in fast food.<sup id="cite_ref-turkeyuk_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turkeyuk-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK has adopted fast food from other cultures as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">doner kebab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a>. More recently, healthier alternatives to conventional fast food have also emerged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fastfood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fastfood.jpg/220px-Fastfood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fastfood.jpg/330px-Fastfood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fastfood.jpg/440px-Fastfood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Neighboring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green, Kentucky</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a>, <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krystal_(restaurant)" title="Krystal (restaurant)">Krystal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a>. A <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> sign can be seen in the very far background.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food restaurant">Fast food restaurant § North America</a></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> became popular and more affordable following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-in restaurants</a> were introduced. The American company <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a>, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> in 1921, is generally credited with opening the first fast food outlet and first <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburger</a> chain, selling hamburgers for five cents each.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter Anderson had built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the limited <a href="/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">menu</a>, high-volume, low-cost, high-speed hamburger restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-jpfarrell_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpfarrell-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared. <a href="/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)" title="White Castle (restaurant)">White Castle</a> was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors. </p><p>Franchising was introduced in 1921 by <a href="/wiki/A%26W_Root_Beer" title="A&W Root Beer">A&W Root Beer</a>, which franchised its distinctive syrup. <a href="/wiki/Howard_Johnson%27s" title="Howard Johnson's">Howard Johnson's</a> first franchised the restaurant concept in the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus, <a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">signage</a> and advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-jpfarrell_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpfarrell-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curb service was introduced in the late 1920s and was mobilized in the 1940s when <a href="/wiki/Carhop" title="Carhop">carhops</a> strapped on <a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">roller skates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Honk_for_Service_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honk_for_Service-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States has the largest fast <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a> in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately 5.4 million U.S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing, including fast food in the US as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-bls.gov_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worries of an obesity epidemic and its related illnesses have inspired many local government officials in the United States to propose to limit or regulate fast-food restaurants. Yet, US adults are unwilling to change their fast food consumption even in the face of rising costs and unemployment characterized by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">great recession</a>, suggesting an <a href="/wiki/Price_elasticity_of_demand" title="Price elasticity of demand">inelastic demand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some areas are more affected than others. In <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a>, for example, about 45% of the restaurants in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central Los Angeles">South Central Los Angeles</a> are fast-food chains or restaurants with minimal seating. By comparison, only 16% of those on the <a href="/wiki/Westside_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Westside (Los Angeles County)">Westside</a> are such restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the median age of a fast-food worker was 22, and workers' wages make up about one third of the cost of operating a fast food restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_2024-03-27_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_2024-03-27-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_the_go">On the go</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Convenience food</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg/250px-20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg/330px-20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg/500px-20070509_Rock_26_Roll_McDonalds_from_7th_fl_of_Sports_Authority.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> first two-lane <a href="/wiki/Drive-thru" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-thru">drive-thru</a> was at the <a href="/wiki/Rock_N_Roll_McDonald%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock N Roll McDonald's">Rock N Roll McDonald's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fast food outlets are <i>take-away</i> or <i>take-out</i> providers that promise quick service. Such fast food outlets often come with a "drive-through" service that lets customers order and pick up food from their vehicles. Others have indoor or outdoor seating areas where customers can eat on-site. The boom in IT services has allowed customers to order food from their homes through their smartphone apps in recent times. </p><p>Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten "on the go," often does not require traditional <a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">cutlery</a>, and is eaten as a <a href="/wiki/Finger_food" title="Finger food">finger food</a>. Common menu items at fast food outlets include <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">fried chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Onion rings">onion rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_nuggets" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken nuggets">chicken nuggets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">tacos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, though many fast food restaurants offer "slower" foods like <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashed_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashed potatoes">mashed potatoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salads</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filling_stations">Filling stations</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">Convenience stores</a> located within many <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">petrol/gas stations</a> sell pre-packaged sandwiches, <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnuts</a>, and hot food. Many gas stations in the United States and Europe also sell <a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">frozen foods</a>, and have <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave ovens</a> on the premises in which to prepare them. Petrol stations in Australia sell foods such as <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">hot pies</a>, sandwiches, and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_bar" title="Chocolate bar">chocolate bars</a>, which are easy for a customer to access while on their journey. Petrol stations are a place that are often open long hours and are open before and after shop trading hours, therefore, it makes it easy to access for consumers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_vendors_and_concessions">Street vendors and concessions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messe-36.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Messe-36.JPG/250px-Messe-36.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Messe-36.JPG/330px-Messe-36.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Messe-36.JPG/500px-Messe-36.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Street vendor serving fast food in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pajdas,_Sobota.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG/250px-Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG/330px-Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG/500px-Pajdas%2C_Sobota.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Fastfood restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>: The <i>Pajdaš</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovene" title="Prekmurje Slovene">Prekmurje Slovene</a> <i>Buddy</i>), <a href="/wiki/Murska_Sobota" title="Murska Sobota">Murska Sobota</a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional street food is available around the world, usually through small and independent <a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">vendors</a> operating from a cart, table, portable grill or motor vehicle. Common examples include <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> rice soup vendors, Middle Eastern falafel stands, New York City <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_cart" title="Hot dog cart">hot dog carts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">taco trucks</a>. Turo-Turo vendors (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> for point point) are a feature of <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> life. Commonly, street vendors provide a colorful and varying range of options designed to captivate passers-by and attract as much attention as possible quickly. </p><p>Multiple street vendors may specialize in specific types of food; typically, they are characteristic of a given cultural or ethnic tradition depending on the locale. In some cultures, it is typical for street vendors to call out prices, sing or chant sales-pitches, play music, or engage in other forms of "<a href="/wiki/Street_theatre" title="Street theatre">street theatrics</a>" to engage prospective customers. In some cases, this can garner more attention than the food.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg/220px-Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg/330px-Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg/440px-Fast_food_vendors_in_Ilorin_Nigeria6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Fastfood in <a href="/wiki/Ilorin,_Kwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilorin, Kwara">Ilorin, Kwara</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modern commercial fast food is often <a href="/wiki/Ultra-processed_food" title="Ultra-processed food">ultra-processed food</a> and prepared in an industrial fashion, i.e., on a large scale with standard ingredients and standardized cooking and production methods.<sup id="cite_ref-ultraprocessed_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultraprocessed-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in plastic wrapping, in a fashion that minimizes cost. In most fast food operations, menu items are generally made from <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processed ingredients</a> prepared at a central supply facility and then shipped to individual outlets where they are reheated, cooked (usually by microwave or <a href="/wiki/Deep_frying" title="Deep frying">deep frying</a>) or assembled in a short amount of time. This process ensures a consistent level of product quality. It is key to being able to deliver the order quickly to the customer and eliminate labor and equipment costs in the individual stores. </p><p>Because of commercial emphasis on quickness, uniformity and low cost, fast food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants">Variants</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg/250px-2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg/330px-2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg/500px-2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Many types of sushi ready to eat</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese takeaways/takeout restaurants are particularly popular in Western countries such as the US and UK. They normally offer a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian food</a> (not always Chinese), which has normally been fried. Most options are some form of noodles, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>. In some cases, the food is presented as a <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">smörgåsbord</a>, sometimes <a href="/wiki/Self_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Self service">self service</a>. The customer chooses the size of the container they wish to buy, and then is free to fill it with their choice of food. It is common to combine several options in one container, and some outlets charge by weight rather than by item. In large cities, these restaurants may offer free delivery for purchases over a minimum amount. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg/250px-Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg/330px-Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg/500px-Shish-kebab-MCB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2360" /></a><figcaption>Lamb shish kebab</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a> has seen rapidly rising popularity recently in the Western world. A form of fast food created in Japan (where <a href="/wiki/Bent%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentō">bentō</a> is the Japanese variety of fast food), sushi is normally cold sticky rice flavored with a sweet <a href="/wiki/Rice_vinegar" title="Rice vinegar">rice vinegar</a> and served with some topping (often <a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">fish</a>), or, as in the most popular kind in the West, rolled in <a href="/wiki/Nori" title="Nori">nori</a> (dried <a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">green laver</a>) with filling. The filling often includes fish, seafood, chicken or <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg/250px-Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg/330px-Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg/500px-Fast-food-in-Yambol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A fast-food kiosk in <a href="/wiki/Yambol" title="Yambol">Yambol</a>, Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>Pizza is a common fast food category in the United States, with nationwide chains including <a href="/wiki/Papa_John%27s" title="Papa John's">Papa John's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Domino's Pizza">Domino's Pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sbarro" title="Sbarro">Sbarro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a>. It trails only the burger industry in supplying children's fast food calories.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menus are more limited and standardized than in traditional pizzerias, and <a href="/wiki/Pizza_delivery" title="Pizza delivery">pizza delivery</a> is offered. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kebab_shop" title="Kebab shop">Kebab houses</a> are a form of fast food restaurant from the Middle East, especially <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. Meat is shaven from a <a href="/wiki/Rotisserie" title="Rotisserie">rotisserie</a>, and is served on a warmed flatbread with salad and a choice of sauce and dressing. These <a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">doner kebabs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">shawarmas</a> are distinct from <a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">shish kebabs</a> served on sticks. Kebab shops are also found throughout the world, especially <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, New Zealand and Australia but they generally are less common in the US. </p><p>Fish and chip shops are a form of fast food popular in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Fish is battered and then deep fried, and served with deep-fried potato strips.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg/250px-Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg/330px-Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg/500px-Chicken_wings_at_Hesburger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A box of five <a href="/wiki/Chicken_wings_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken wings as food">chicken wings</a>, served at a <a href="/wiki/Hesburger" title="Hesburger">Hesburger</a> fast food restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> have their own types of fast food. A Dutch fast food meal often consists of a portion of <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> (called friet or patat) with a sauce and a meat product. The most common sauce to accompany french fries is <a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">fritessaus</a>. It is a sweet, vinegary and low fat <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a> substitute, that the Dutch nevertheless still call "mayonnaise". When ordering it is very often abbreviated to <i>met</i> (literally "with"). Other popular sauces are <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a> or spiced ketchup ("curry"), Indonesian style <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a> ("satésaus" or "pindasaus") or <a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">piccalilli</a>. Sometimes the fries are served with combinations of sauces, most famously <i>speciaal</i> (special): mayonnaise, with (spiced) ketchup and chopped <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>; and <i>oorlog</i> (literally "war"): mayonnaise and peanut sauce (sometimes also with ketchup and chopped onions). The meat product is usually a deep fried snack; this includes the <a href="/wiki/Frikandel" title="Frikandel">frikandel</a> (a deep fried skinless <a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">minced meat</a> <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Croquette" title="Croquette">kroket</a> (deep fried meat <a href="/wiki/Ragout" title="Ragout">ragout</a> covered in <a href="/wiki/Breadcrumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadcrumb">breadcrumbs</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg/250px-Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg/330px-Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg/500px-Restaurante_fastfood_francesinhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption>Fast-food place in Portugal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg/220px-1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg/330px-1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg/440px-1104_Pasztecik_Szczeci%C5%84ski_Bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A small restaurant with <i><a href="/wiki/Pasztecik_szczeci%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasztecik szczeciński">pasztecik szczeciński</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>In Portugal, there are some varieties of local fast-food and restaurants specialized in this type of local cuisine. Some of the most popular foods include <i>frango assado</i> (<a href="/wiki/Piri-piri" class="mw-redirect" title="Piri-piri">Piri-piri</a> grilled chicken previously marinated), <a href="/wiki/Francesinha" title="Francesinha">francesinha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesinha_poveira" title="Francesinha poveira">francesinha poveira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">espetada</a> (turkey or pork meat on two sticks) and <a href="/wiki/Bifana" title="Bifana">bifanas</a> (pork cutlets in a specific sauce served as a sandwich). This type of food is also often served with french fries (called <i>batatas fritas</i>), some international chains started appearing specialized in some of the typical Portuguese fast food such as <a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a>. </p><p>An example of a local form of fast food in Poland is <i><a href="/wiki/Pasztecik_szczeci%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasztecik szczeciński">pasztecik szczeciński</a></i>, a deep-fried yeast dough stuffed with meat or vegetarian filling, typical fast food dish of the city of <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> well known in many other cities in the country. A dish is on Polish <i>List of traditional products</i>. The first bar serving <i>pasztecik szczeciński</i>, Bar "Pasztecik" founded in 1969, is located on Wojska Polskiego Avenue 46 in Szczecin. </p><p>A fixture of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> cities is the <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodle</a> shop. <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a> are today ubiquitous in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Popular Indian fast food dishes include <a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">vada pav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">panipuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahi_vada" title="Dahi vada">dahi vada</a>. In the French-speaking nations of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">roadside stands</a> in and around the larger cities continue to sell—as they have done for generations—a range of ready-to-eat, char-grilled meat sticks known locally as <i><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">brochettes</a></i> (not to be confused with the bread <a href="/wiki/Snack_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Snack food">snack</a> of the same name found in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2></div> <p>In the United States, consumers spent $160 billion on fast food in 2012 (up from $6 billion in 1970).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schlosser000_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlosser000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the US restaurant industry had total projected sales of $660.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fast food has been losing <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> to fast casual dining restaurants, which offer more robust and expensive <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-eligon_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-eligon-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this competition, fast food giants have seen dramatic drops in their sales.<sup id="cite_ref-foodpolicydebates_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foodpolicydebates-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While overall fast food sales have fallen, the number of Americans who eat in these restaurants "once a month or 'a few times a year'" has risen.<sup id="cite_ref-foodpolicydebates_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foodpolicydebates-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to the rest of the world, American citizens spend a much smaller amount of their income on food — largely due to various government subsidies that make fast food cheap and easily accessible.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calorie for calorie, foods sold in fast food restaurants, costs less and is more energy-dense, and is made mostly of products that the government subsidizes heavily: corn, soy, and beef.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker-Pope_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-Pope-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian fast food market is valued at more than 2.7 billion GPB and is composed of 1.4 billion fast food meals. This includes meals serviced at 17,000 fast food outlets. The fast food market has experienced an average annual growth rate of 6.5 percent, which is the most rapidly growing sector of the retail food market.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment">Employment</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/60px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/120px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 4.1 million U.S. workers are employed in food preparation and serving (including fast food) as of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-bls.gov_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls.gov-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BLS's projected job outlook expects average growth and excellent opportunity as a result of high turnover. However, in April 2011, McDonald's hired approximately 62,000 new workers and received a million applications for those positions—an acceptance rate of 6.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median age of workers in the industry in 2013 was 28.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obtaining <a href="/wiki/Human_Resource_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Resource Management">Human Resource Management</a> diploma or diploma in Fast Food Management can help to get a job in major fast food restaurants since it is one of the most desired.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Globalization">Globalization</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the section</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Fast_food" title="Talk:Fast food">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonald%27s_in_Moscow,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg/220px-McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg/330px-McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg/440px-McDonald%27s_in_Moscow%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fast_food_universal_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fast_food_universal_language.jpg/220px-Fast_food_universal_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fast_food_universal_language.jpg/330px-Fast_food_universal_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Fast_food_universal_language.jpg/440px-Fast_food_universal_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Chicken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a> fast food restaurants in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2006, the global fast-food market grew by 4.8% and reached a value of £102.4 billion and a volume of 80.3 billion transactions.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> alone, has outlets in 126 countries on 6 continents and operates over 31,000 restaurants worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One example of <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> expansion on a global scale was its introduction to the Russian market. In order for the American business to succeed it would have to be accepted and integrated into the daily lives of natives in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Thus, the restaurant was strategically implemented so that its offerings would align with the distinct and established eating habits, also known as the customs around food, eating and cooking, of Muscovites. One significant characteristic of Russian food culture is the emphasis on knowing about the locality of goods that are consumed. Essentially, in order to successfully launch this American brand in a foreign country, McDonald's interpreted the local interests of consumers in Moscow by promoting the origins of the produce used in the restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 31, 1990, McDonald's opened a restaurant in Moscow and broke opening-day records for customers served.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The largest McDonald's in the world is located in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are numerous other fast food restaurants located across the world. <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> has more than 11,100 restaurants in more than 65 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> is located in 25 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subway</a> is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with approximately 39,129 restaurants in 90 countries as of May 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-Subway_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subway-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first non-US location opening in December 1984 in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wienerwald_(restaurant)" title="Wienerwald (restaurant)">Wienerwald</a> has spread from Germany into Asia<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pizza Hut is located in 97 countries, with 100 locations in China.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a> has 278 restaurants located in 14 countries besides the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fast_food" title="Criticism of fast food">Criticism of fast food</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fight_for_$15" title="Fight for $15">Fast-food worker strikes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> <b>may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Fast_food" title="Talk:Fast food">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fast-food chains have come under criticism over concerns ranging from claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intake of fast food is increasing worldwide. A study done in the city of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> has shown that current fast-food habits are related to the increase of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> published a study which claims that deregulated food markets are largely to blame for the obesity crisis, and suggested tighter regulations to reverse the trend.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, local governments are restricting fast-food chains by limiting the number of restaurants found in certain geographical areas.<sup id="cite_ref-fastfoodfights_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastfoodfights-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To combat criticism, fast-food restaurants are starting to offer more health-friendly menu items.<sup id="cite_ref-fastfoodshakeup_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastfoodshakeup-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to health criticisms, there are suggestions for the fast-food industry to become more eco-friendly. The chains have responded by "reducing <a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">packaging waste</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-fastfoodshakeup_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastfoodshakeup-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although trying to overcome criticism through healthy options on fast-food menus, <a href="/wiki/Marion_Nestle" title="Marion Nestle">Marion Nestle</a>, who serves as the chair of New York University's Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, suggests that fast-food industries intentionally <a href="/wiki/Food_marketing_toward_children" title="Food marketing toward children">market unhealthy foods to children</a> through advertising options and therefore create customers for life.<sup id="cite_ref-FoodPolitics_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoodPolitics-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite so much popularity, fast foods and fast-food chains have adverse impacts not only on the job and social skills, but on the health and academic performance of students. Fifty-six percent of students consume fast food on a weekly basis.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The researcher who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation" title="Fast Food Nation">Fast Food Nation</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schlosser" title="Eric Schlosser">Eric Schlosser</a>, highlights this fact, arguing that this is not only a financial but also a psychological bait, in that the students are lured towards this early employment opportunity knowing little that the time spent on this no-skill-learning job is wasted.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dangerous impacts and consequences regarding the hiring and firing of teenage school-goers in the fast-food industry have also been a point of criticism of the fast-food industry.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelly Brownwell of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> has further supported this argument that Burger King and McDonald's adopted another dangerous practice for marketing to innocent children.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">In a research study conducted by Professors Purtell Kelly and Gershoff, they found that the students of fifth grades, who ate fast foods as compared to the students of the same age after some other social factors were controlled.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This sentence is incomprehensible, it seems to be missing a key part (February 2016)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> Also, the percentage of the students having consumed fast food and showed poor grades was around 11 percent more than those who used organic foods. They are of the view that other social factors such as television-watching, video games and playing were controlled to assess the real impacts of fast foods.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been books and films, such as the 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me" title="Super Size Me">Super Size Me</a></i>, designed to highlight the potential negative health effects from the overconsumption of fast food, such as its contribution to obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food_in_China" title="Fast food in China">Fast food in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Food_Song" title="Fast Food Song">Fast Food Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_group" title="Food group">Food group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">Junk food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fast_food_restaurant_chains" title="List of fast food restaurant chains">List of fast food restaurant chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains" title="List of pizza chains">List of pizza chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurant_terminology" title="List of restaurant terminology">List of restaurant terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics" title="National Center for Health Statistics">National Center for Health Statistics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panic_Nation" title="Panic Nation">Panic Nation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_Food" title="Slow Food">Slow Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me" title="Super Size Me">Super Size Me</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="TV dinner">TV dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_pattern_diet" title="Western pattern diet">Western pattern diet</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FH-2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FH-2018_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franchisehelp.com/industry-reports/fast-food-industry-analysis-2018-cost-trends/">"Fast Food Industry Analysis 2018 – Cost & Trends"</a>. <i>franchisehelp.com</i>. Franchise Help. 2018. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716203725/https://www.franchisehelp.com/industry-reports/fast-food-industry-analysis-2018-cost-trends/">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franchisehelp.com&rft.atitle=Fast+Food+Industry+Analysis+2018+%E2%80%93+Cost+%26+Trends&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franchisehelp.com%2Findustry-reports%2Ffast-food-industry-analysis-2018-cost-trends%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJakle1999" class="citation book cs1">Jakle, John (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fastfoodroadside0000jakl"><i>Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age</i></a></span>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6920-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6920-4"><bdi>978-0-8018-6920-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fast+Food%3A+Roadside+Restaurants+in+the+Automobile+Age&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6920-4&rft.aulast=Jakle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffastfoodroadside0000jakl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrueggemann1993" class="citation book cs1">Brueggemann, Walter (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textsundernegoti0000brue"><i>Texts Under Negotiation: The Bible and Postmodern Imagination</i></a></span>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-2736-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-2736-2"><bdi>978-0-8006-2736-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texts+Under+Negotiation%3A+The+Bible+and+Postmodern+Imagination&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-2736-2&rft.aulast=Brueggemann&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftextsundernegoti0000brue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/08/18/2282854/0/en/Quick-Service-Restaurants-QSR-Market-Worth-USD-577-71-Billion-by-2028-at-3-65-CAGR-Report-by-Market-Research-Future-MRFR.html">"Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) Market Worth USD 577.71 Billion by 2028 at 3.65% CAGR – Report by Market Research Future (MRFR)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GlobeNewswire" title="GlobeNewswire">GlobeNewswire</a></i> (Press release). August 18, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826002255/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/08/18/2282854/0/en/Quick-Service-Restaurants-QSR-Market-Worth-USD-577-71-Billion-by-2028-at-3-65-CAGR-Report-by-Market-Research-Future-MRFR.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Future of Children Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2006 pp. 89–108 | 10.1353/foc.2006.0009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/foc/summary/v016/16.1sallis.html">Alternative link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114252/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/foc/summary/v016/16.1sallis.html">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFA._WashiMaha_B._Ageib2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sidiga_Washi" title="Sidiga Washi">A. Washi, Sidiga</a>; Maha B. Ageib (2010). "Poor diet quality and food habits are related to impaired nutritional status in 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in Jeddah". <i>Nutrition Research</i>. <b>30</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">527–</span>34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nutres.2010.07.002">10.1016/j.nutres.2010.07.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20851306">20851306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research&rft.atitle=Poor+diet+quality+and+food+habits+are+related+to+impaired+nutritional+status+in+13-+to+18-year-old+adolescents+in+Jeddah&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E527-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nutres.2010.07.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20851306&rft.aulast=A.+Washi&rft.aufirst=Sidiga&rft.au=Maha+B.+Ageib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/health-obesity-deregulation-idUSL5N0L70PZ20140202">Study finds deregulation fuelling obesity epidemic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814121731/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-obesity-deregulation-idUSL5N0L70PZ20140202">Archived</a> August 14, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.</i> February 2, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fastfoodfights-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fastfoodfights_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNixonMejiaDorfmanCheyne2015" class="citation journal cs1">Nixon, Laura; Mejia, Pamela; Dorfman, Lori; Cheyne, Andrew; Young, Sandra; Friedman, Lissy C.; Gottlieb, Mark A.; Wooten, Heather (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330826">"Fast-Food Fights: News Coverage of Local Efforts to Improve Food Environments Through Land-Use Regulation, 2000–2013 [corrected]"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Public Health</i>. <b>105</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">490–</span>496. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2014.302368">10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330826">4330826</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25602875">25602875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Fast-Food+Fights%3A+News+Coverage+of+Local+Efforts+to+Improve+Food+Environments+Through+Land-Use+Regulation%2C+2000%E2%80%932013+%5Bcorrected%5D&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E496&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4330826%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25602875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2014.302368&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Mejia%2C+Pamela&rft.au=Dorfman%2C+Lori&rft.au=Cheyne%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Young%2C+Sandra&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Lissy+C.&rft.au=Gottlieb%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Wooten%2C+Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4330826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fastfoodshakeup-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fastfoodshakeup_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fastfoodshakeup_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark1991" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Charles S. (November 8, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1991110800">"Fast-Food Shake-Up"</a>. <i>CQ Researcher</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">825–</span>848. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515171817/https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1991110800">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CQ+Researcher&rft.atitle=Fast-Food+Shake-Up&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E825-%3C%2Fspan%3E848&rft.date=1991-11-08&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.cqpress.com%2Fcqresearcher%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dcqresrre1991110800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoodPolitics-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FoodPolitics_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNestle2002" class="citation book cs1">Nestle, Marion (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39oVBbtt6IEC"><i>Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520955066" title="Special:BookSources/9780520955066"><bdi>9780520955066</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=39oVBbtt6IEC">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Politics%3A+How+the+Food+Industry+Influences+Nutrition+and+Health&rft.pub=Berkeley%3A+University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780520955066&rft.aulast=Nestle&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39oVBbtt6IEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHilgerLoerbroksDiehl2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hilger, J.; Loerbroks, A.; Diehl, K. (2017). "Eating behaviour of university students in Germany: Dietary intake, barriers to healthy eating and changes in eating behaviour since the time of matriculation". <i>Appetite</i>. <b>109</b>: <span class="nowrap">100–</span>107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.appet.2016.11.016">10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27864073">27864073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3626607">3626607</a> – via Elsevier Science Direct.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Appetite&rft.atitle=Eating+behaviour+of+university+students+in+Germany%3A+Dietary+intake%2C+barriers+to+healthy+eating+and+changes+in+eating+behaviour+since+the+time+of+matriculation.&rft.volume=109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E107&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3626607%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27864073&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.appet.2016.11.016&rft.aulast=Hilger&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Loerbroks%2C+A.&rft.au=Diehl%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. The Dark Side of All American Meals. Mariner Books. New York. 2012. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirschman, Charles, and Irina Voloshin. "The Structure of Teenage Employment: Social Background and the Jobs Held by High School Seniors". Research in social stratification and mobility 25.3 (2007): 189–203. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Web. November 13, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brownwell, Kelly. "Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies?" The Atlantic. The Atlantic. November 8, 2008. Web. November 13, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurtellGershoff2014" class="citation journal cs1">Purtell, K. M.; Gershoff, E. T. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887837">"Fast Food Consumption and Academic Growth in Late Childhood"</a>. <i>Clinical Pediatrics</i>. <b>54</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">871–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0009922814561742">10.1177/0009922814561742</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887837">8887837</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25480321">25480321</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25605019">25605019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Fast+Food+Consumption+and+Academic+Growth+in+Late+Childhood&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E871-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8887837%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25605019%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25480321&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0009922814561742&rft.aulast=Purtell&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft.au=Gershoff%2C+E.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8887837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrindalMohrWilsonWittert2008" class="citation journal cs1">Brindal, Emily; Mohr, Philip; Wilson, Carlene; Wittert, Gary (July 1, 2008). "Obesity and the effects of choice at a fast food restaurant". <i>Obesity Research & Clinical Practice</i>. <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">111–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.orcp.2008.03.004">10.1016/j.orcp.2008.03.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1871-403X">1871-403X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24351729">24351729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research+%26+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Obesity+and+the+effects+of+choice+at+a+fast+food+restaurant&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.issn=1871-403X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24351729&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.orcp.2008.03.004&rft.aulast=Brindal&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Mohr%2C+Philip&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Carlene&rft.au=Wittert%2C+Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams2007" class="citation journal cs1">Adams, Catherine (2007). "Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald's Role May Surprise You". <i>Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics</i>. <b>35</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">154–</span>157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-720X.2007.00120.x">10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00120.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17341224">17341224</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42933273">42933273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law%2C+Medicine+and+Ethics&rft.atitle=Reframing+the+Obesity+Debate%3A+McDonald%27s+Role+May+Surprise+You&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E154-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42933273%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17341224&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1748-720X.2007.00120.x&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+food" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Arndt, Michael. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710231128/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-02-04/mcdonalds-24-7">McDonald's 24/7.</a>" Business Week February 4, 2007</li> <li><i>Food and Eating in Medieval Europe.</i> Martha Carlin and Joel T. Rosenthal (editors). The Hambledon Press, London. 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85285-148-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85285-148-1">1-85285-148-1</a></li> <li>Hogan, David. <i>Selling 'em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food</i>. New York: New York University Press, 1997.</li> <li>Kroc, Ray with Robert Anderson. <i>Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's</i>. St. Martin's Press, 1992.</li> <li>Levinstein, Harvey. Paradox of Plenty: a Social History of Eating in Modern America. Berkeley: University of California P, 2003. 228–229.</li> <li>Luxenberg, Stan. <i>Roadside Empires: How the Chains Franchised America</i>. New York: Viking, 1985.</li> <li>McGinley, Lou Ellen with Stephanie Spurr, <i>Honk for Service: A Man, A Tray and the Glory Days of the Drive-In</i>. St. Louis: Tray Days Publishing, 2004. For photos of the Parkmoor Restaurants see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101002095634/http://www.shootstlouis.com/gallery/2521555#132478756">Drive-In Restaurant Photos</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li>Pollan, M. (2009). In Defense of Food: an Eater's Manifesto. New York City: Penguin</li> <li>Schlosser, Eric, <i>Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal</i>, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001</li> <li>Schultz, Howard with Dori Jones Yang, <i>Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time</i>, Hyperion, 1999</li> <li>Warner, Melanie "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/business/19mcdonalds.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Salads or No, Cheap Burgers Revive McDonald's.</a>" The New York Times April 19, 2006.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fast_food" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fast food">Fast food</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Fast_food_in_the_United_States_and_Canada#Q81799" class="extiw" title="voy:Fast food in the United States and Canada">Fast food in the United States and Canada</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qsrmagazine.com/"><i>QSR</i> magazine</a> – publication that covers the fast food industry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.findlaw.com/cnn/docs/mcdonalds/barbermcds72302cmp.pdf">A copy of the Caesar Barber lawsuit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo41817">Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults: United States, 2007–2010</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fast_food" title="Template:Fast food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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title="Drive-through">Drive-through</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Points of sale</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fast_food_restaurant_chains" title="List of fast food restaurant chains">Fast food restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_court" title="Food court">Food court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">Breakfast sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sausage" title="Breakfast sausage">Breakfast sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_wing" title="Buffalo wing">Buffalo wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fingers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken fingers">Chicken fingers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chicken_nugget" title="Chicken nugget">Chicken nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilled_cheese" title="Grilled cheese">Grilled cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%ABdon" title="Gyūdon">Gyūdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_pretzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot pretzel">Hot pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese" title="Macaroni and cheese">Macaroni and cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">Onigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_ring" title="Onion ring">Onion rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">Pancakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">Peanut butter and jelly sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">Waffles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fast_food" title="Criticism of fast food">Criticism of fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food_advertising" title="Fast food advertising">Fast food advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">Food desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/15px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines378" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_cuisine" title="Tuscan cuisine">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_cuisine" title="Hausa cuisine">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fast_culture22" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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