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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tāmaki River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=T%C4%81maki_River&params=36.8465_S_174.8889_E_type:river_region:NZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°53′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.8465°S 174.8889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.8465; 174.8889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamaki_River&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamaki River">Tamaki River</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River in Auckland, New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Tāmaki River</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png/270px-Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png/405px-Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png/540px-Rangitoto_and_Auckland_31-03-2012_14-03-10_-_cropped_to_Tamaki_River.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="903" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Aerial view of the Tāmaki River</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 270px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="270" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_43bbe0c3118fd98178b0575412e4d68defaef28d"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x270.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=T%C4%81maki_River&revid=1220681705&groups=_43bbe0c3118fd98178b0575412e4d68defaef28d" width="270" height="270" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x270@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=T%C4%81maki_River&revid=1220681705&groups=_43bbe0c3118fd98178b0575412e4d68defaef28d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Route of the Tāmaki River</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tāmaki River is located in Auckland"><img alt="Tāmaki River is located in Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/270px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/405px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png/540px-Auckland_Council_2019_Wards_Outlined_Blank.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.702%;left:51.783%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tāmaki River"><img alt="Tāmaki River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Mouth of the Tāmaki River</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Auckland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(relief_map).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tāmaki River is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Tāmaki River is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/270px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/405px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/540px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.198%;left:68.098%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tāmaki River"><img alt="Tāmaki River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Tāmaki River (New Zealand)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New Zealand</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Wai o Taiki</i></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">Auckland Region</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlemore" title="Middlemore">Middlemore</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=T%C4%81maki_River&params=36.96484_S_174.84533_E_type:river_region:NZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°57′53″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°50′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.96484°S 174.84533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.96484; 174.84533</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Strait" title="Tāmaki Strait">Tāmaki Strait</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=T%C4%81maki_River&params=36.8465_S_174.8889_E_type:river_region:NZ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′47″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°53′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.8465°S 174.8889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.8465; 174.8889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">15 km (9 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-GreaterWalks2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreaterWalks2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Progression</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Tāmaki River</b> → <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Strait" title="Tāmaki Strait">Tāmaki Strait</a> → <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ōmaru Creek, Ōtāhuhu Creek</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Wakaaranga Creek, <a href="/wiki/Pakuranga_Creek" title="Pakuranga Creek">Pakuranga Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara_Creek" title="Ōtara Creek">Ōtara Creek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bridges</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panmure_Bridge" title="Panmure Bridge">Panmure Bridge</a>, Waipuna Bridge, Auckland Southern Motorway Tamaki River Bridge, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Bridge" title="Tāmaki Bridge">Tāmaki Bridge</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tāmaki River</b> or <b>Tāmaki Estuary</b> is mostly an <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuarial</a> arm and <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbour</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a>, within the city of <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-TEARA1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEARA1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It extends south for 15 kilometres (9 mi) from its mouth between the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Heliers" title="Saint Heliers">Saint Heliers</a> and the long thin peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Bucklands_Beach" title="Bucklands Beach">Bucklands Beach</a>, which reaches its end at <a href="/wiki/Musick_Point" title="Musick Point">Musick Point</a>. The inlet extends past the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Glendowie,_New_Zealand" title="Glendowie, New Zealand">Glendowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wai_o_Taiki_Bay" title="Wai o Taiki Bay">Wai o Taiki Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point_England" title="Point England">Point England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Innes,_New_Zealand" title="Glen Innes, New Zealand">Glen Innes</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki" title="Tāmaki">Tāmaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panmure,_New_Zealand" title="Panmure, New Zealand">Panmure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Otahuhu,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Otahuhu, New Zealand">Ōtāhuhu</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Bucklands_Beach" title="Bucklands Beach">Bucklands Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay,_Auckland" title="Half Moon Bay, Auckland">Half Moon Bay</a>, Farm Cove, <a href="/wiki/Sunnyhills,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnyhills, New Zealand">Sunnyhills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakuranga" title="Pakuranga">Pakuranga</a> to the east. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was originally called Te Wai o Taiki, meaning "The Waters of Taiki". The name Taiki is a shortened form of Taikehu, the name of an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāi Tai">Ngāi Tai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The estuarine Tāmaki River is a harbour in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">Auckland Region</a>, with four arms: the Ōtāhuhu Creek, Middlemore Creek, Pakuranga Creek and the Ōtara Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-GreaterWalks2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreaterWalks2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to these, the <a href="/wiki/Panmure_Basin" title="Panmure Basin">Panmure Basin</a> is a tidal basin found in a volcanic crater on the western shores of the river. </p><p>The Ōtāhuhu Creek forms the eastern shore of the narrowest point on the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a>: here it is about 1.25 kilometres (0.75 mi) to the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a>, an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg/220px-Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg/330px-Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg/440px-Tamaki_River_With_The_Two_Bridges_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The middle of the estuary looking east</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tāmaki River is the location of three portages which connected the east and west coasts of New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Portages_of_New_Zealand#Te_Tō_Waka" title="Portages of New Zealand">Te Tō Waka</a> at <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Ōtāhuhu">Ōtāhuhu</a>, the shortest portage between the two coasts, <a href="/wiki/Portages_of_New_Zealand#Karetu_portage" title="Portages of New Zealand">Karetu</a> to the north at <a href="/wiki/Southdown,_New_Zealand" title="Southdown, New Zealand">Southdown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Park" title="Sylvia Park">Sylvia Park</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Portages_of_New_Zealand#Waokauri_/_Pūkaki_portage" title="Portages of New Zealand">Waokauri / Pūkaki portage</a>, to the south between <a href="/wiki/Middlemore" title="Middlemore">Middlemore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papatoetoe" title="Papatoetoe">Papatoetoe</a>. Here, Māori would beach their <a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a> (canoes) and drag them overland to the other coast, thus avoiding having to paddle around <a href="/wiki/North_Cape,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="North Cape, New Zealand">North Cape</a>. The portages made the area of immense strategic importance in both pre-European times and during the early years of European occupation.<a href="/wiki/Portage_Road,_%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Portage Road, Ōtāhuhu">Portage Road, Ōtāhuhu</a> is the approximate historical location of Te Tō Waka.<sup id="cite_ref-TEARA1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEARA1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karetu and went between the extreme north-east corner of the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> to a bay close to the site of the newest bridge across the Tāmaki, about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Panmure_Basin" title="Panmure Basin">Panmure Basin</a>. </p><p>The river was part of the first steam ferry route in Auckland, the <a href="/wiki/PS_Governor_Wynyard" title="PS Governor Wynyard">PS <i>Governor Wynyard</i></a> connecting Auckland to <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Ōtāhuhu">Ōtāhuhu</a>, which began service in 1851. By the next year, the ferry was sold to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> as it was unprofitable.<sup id="cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland5.1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvolvingAuckland5.1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1850s, the Tāmaki River was one of the busiest waterways in New Zealand. The east bank at Pakuranga was the main point where cattle were transported towards the city of Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-Heritage_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1865, the estuary was first crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Panmure_Bridge" title="Panmure Bridge">Panmure Bridge</a>, a steel swing bridge, to improve connection between Auckland and <a href="/wiki/Howick,_New_Zealand" title="Howick, New Zealand">Howick</a>. The location is 20 metres (66 ft) to the left of the left hand (Panmure) bridge shown in the photo. The circular base swivel was only removed in the 1980s from the southern shore. Stones and steel had been imported from Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly reflecting the still very basic nature of industrial construction in the young colony. </p><p>In the 1860s and 70s, the Tāmaki River was one of the busiest waterways in New Zealand, due to the transportation of agricultural goods such as wheat between <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Ōtāhuhu">Ōtāhuhu</a> and the city of Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-Heritage_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of alternative transportation such as roads and rail (including the extension of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Line_(Auckland)" title="Southern Line (Auckland)">Southern Line</a> to Ōtāhuhu in 1875) led to a decline of the use of the Tāmaki River, and by 1910 very few vessels used Ōtāhuhu as a port or even ventured upstream of the Panmure Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Heritage_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1890s the mouth of the river was used as a safe anchorage for ships carrying explosives. One such ship, anchored in the mouth of the estuary, caught fire and exploded with loss of life. After this the explosives buoy was moved into a more open area east of <a href="/wiki/Browns_Island_(Auckland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Browns Island (Auckland)">Browns Island (Motukōrea)</a>, where it is still located.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925 a 1.9-metre (6 ft 2 in) leopard that had escaped from the Auckland Zoo three weeks earlier was found dead in the Tāmaki river by a fishing party in Karaka Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its extent north–south and its position between the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Auckland" title="East Auckland">East Auckland</a>, the river is a natural barrier to traffic, especially as only three bridges cross it, all heavily trafficked and increasingly incapable of taking the peak hour flows. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Busway,_Auckland" title="Eastern Busway, Auckland">Eastern Busway</a> is a project that is designed to resolve this bottle-neck as one of its goals. </p><p>The Tāmaki River also has a marina / ferry wharf at <a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay,_Auckland" title="Half Moon Bay, Auckland">Half Moon Bay</a>, from where commuter ferries depart for the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> and car/passenger ferries for <a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Island" title="Waiheke Island">Waiheke Island</a>. Many yachts are also moored in its relatively well protected interiors. The river channel is marked with large green buoys. Deep draught vessels should stay close to the buoys as the channel, although averaging 20 metres (66 ft) deep is very narrow in many places. Near the large Point England sand spit there are numerous mudflats which are barely covered at high tide. The speed limit in the river is 10 km/h (5.4 kn). Rocks at the western mouth of the river at St Heliers are marked by a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_pole" title="Barber's pole">barber's pole</a>. Vessels of more than 4-metre (13 ft) draught should not attempt the opening between Musick Point and Browns Island. The channel in this area is marked by port and starboard markers about 20 metres (66 ft) apart. It is 0.5 kilometres (0.3 mi) northwest of Musick Point. Large mussel beds extend out 200 metres (660 ft) from Browns Island into the river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GreaterWalks2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreaterWalks2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreaterWalks2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJanssen,_Peter2021" class="citation book cs1">Janssen, Peter (January 2021). <i>Greater Auckland Walks</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Publishers" title="New Holland Publishers">New Holland Publishers</a>. p. 98-99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86966-516-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86966-516-6"><bdi>978-1-86966-516-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118136068" class="extiw" title="d:Q118136068">Q118136068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Auckland+Walks&rft.pages=98-99&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2021-01&rft.isbn=978-1-86966-516-6&rft.au=Janssen%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81maki+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEARA1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TEARA1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TEARA1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-places/page-13">Eastern suburbs: Ōrākei to the Tamaki River</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. Accessed 2008-06-07.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170723011910/http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/EN/PARKSFACILITIES/WALKINGTRACKS/Pages/tahunatoreawalkingtrails.aspx">"Tahuna Torea"</a>. Auckland Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/en/parksfacilities/walkingtracks/pages/tahunatoreawalkingtrails.aspx">the original</a> on 23 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tahuna+Torea&rft.pub=Auckland+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fparksfacilities%2Fwalkingtracks%2Fpages%2Ftahunatoreawalkingtrails.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81maki+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EvolvingAuckland5.1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland5.1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuder2011" class="citation book cs1">Duder, John (2011). "Auckland Ferries". In <a href="/wiki/John_La_Roche" title="John La Roche">La Roche, John</a> (ed.). <i>Evolving Auckland: The City's Engineering Heritage</i>. Wily Publications. pp. 117–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781927167038" title="Special:BookSources/9781927167038"><bdi>9781927167038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Auckland+Ferries&rft.btitle=Evolving+Auckland%3A+The+City%27s+Engineering+Heritage&rft.pages=117-119&rft.pub=Wily+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781927167038&rft.aulast=Duder&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81maki+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heritage-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/the-list/details/9501">"Panmure Bridge Swing Span and Abutment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panmure+Bridge+Swing+Span+and+Abutment&rft.pub=Heritage+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Fthe-list%2Fdetails%2F9501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81maki+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/Places/Auckland/AucklandPlaces/13/ENZ-Resources/Standard/7/en">Panmure Bridge</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. Accessed 2008-06-07.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New Zealand shipwrecks : over 200 years of disasters at sea</i>. Ingram, Charles W. N., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86971-093-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86971-093-4">978-1-86971-093-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chart of Hauraki Gulf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"An Inglorious End". <i>Auckland Star</i>. Vol. LVI, issue 241, 12 Oct 1925, p 10. (Papers Past)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81maki_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/photos/search/searchterm/%22tamaki%20river%22">Photographs of the Tāmaki River</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Libraries" title="Auckland Libraries">Auckland Libraries'</a> heritage collections.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/collections-online/search?pht=True&k=%22tamaki+river%22">Photographs of the Tāmaki River</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">Auckland War Memorial Museum</a>'s heritage collections.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tāmaki_River&oldid=1220681705">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tāmaki_River&oldid=1220681705</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:T%C4%81maki_River" title="Category:Tāmaki River">Tāmaki River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Auckland" title="Category:Geography of Auckland">Geography of Auckland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Auckland" title="Category:Rivers of Auckland">Rivers of Auckland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hauraki_Gulf_catchment" title="Category:Hauraki Gulf catchment">Hauraki Gulf catchment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estuaries_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Estuaries of New Zealand">Estuaries of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Auckland" title="Category:East Auckland">East Auckland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_the_Auckland_Region" title="Category:Wetlands of the Auckland Region">Wetlands of the Auckland Region</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2023">Use dmy dates from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_New_Zealand_English_from_June_2023" title="Category:Use New Zealand English from June 2023">Use New Zealand English from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_New_Zealand_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English">All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_M%C4%81ori-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Māori-language text">Articles containing Māori-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 April 2024, at 08:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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