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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puff-puff</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Puff-puff – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Puff-puff" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff-puff" title="Puff-puff – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Puff-puff" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff-puff" title="Puff-puff – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Puff-puff" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%84-%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%84" title="Пуф-пуф – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пуф-пуф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff-puff" title="Puff-puff – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puff-puff" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micate" title="Micate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Micate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff-puff" title="Puff-puff – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Puff-puff" data-language-autonym="Twi" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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(<a href="/wiki/Talk:Mandazi#Merge_proposal" title="Talk:Mandazi">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since December 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Puff-puff" title="Special:EditPage/Puff-puff">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Puff-puff%22">"Puff-puff"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Puff-puff%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Puff-puff%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Puff-puff%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Puff-puff%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Puff-puff%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">African fried dough snack and pastry</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the food. For the neologism, see <a href="/wiki/Puff-puff_(onomatopoeia)" title="Puff-puff (onomatopoeia)">Puff-puff (onomatopoeia)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Puff-puff</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg/200px-Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg/300px-Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg/400px-Nigerian-puff-puff-recipe_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">snack</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">Boflot, kala, mikate, togbei, beignet dougoup</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puff_puff_(food)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Puff puff (food)">Media: Puff-puff</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Puff-puff</b> is a traditional snack made of <a href="/wiki/List_of_fried_dough_foods" title="List of fried dough foods">fried dough</a> and eaten across Africa, especially in the west of the continent. The name "puff-puff" is from <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, but many other names and varieties of the pastry exist (see below). </p><p>Puff-puffs are generally made of dough containing <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a> (which are optional), and deep-fried in <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a> to a golden-brown color. <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">Baking powder</a> can be used as a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, but yeast is a better option.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After frying, puff-puffs can be rolled in sugar. Like the French <a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">beignet</a> and the Italian <a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">zeppole</a>, puff-puffs can be rolled in any spice or flavoring such as <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>. They may be served with a fruit dip of <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_and_other_names">Varieties and other names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff-puff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties and other names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Francophone West Africa it is known as <b>gato</b> in <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>gateau</i>) and <b>beignet</b> in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a>. A common Senegalese variety uses <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> flour rather than <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cameroonians accompany beignets with beans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other names for the dish include <b>buffloaf</b> (or <b>bofrot</b>) in <a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghana</a>, <b>botokoin</b> in <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <b>bofloto</b> in the <a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivory Coast</a>, <b>mikate</b> in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo cuisine">Congo</a>, <b>micate</b> or <b>bolinho</b> in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <b>fungasa</b> in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <b>legemat</b> in <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudan</a>, <b>kala</b> in <a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberia</a>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">vetkoek</a></b>, <b>amagwinya,</b> or <b>magwinya</b> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. The prominence of this dish stretches even to the southern and eastern edges of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, where it is mostly known as <a href="/wiki/Mandazi" title="Mandazi">mandazi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An extremely similar dish can be found in <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, where it is known as keke <b>ʻ</b>isite (literally, yeast cake).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recipe is almost identical to that of puff-puff; however, it is sometimes fried in <a href="/wiki/Shortening" title="Shortening">shortening</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dripping" title="Dripping">dripping</a> instead of vegetable oil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff-puff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyevergreen.com/2052/life/the-puff-puff-a-nigerian-delicacy/">"The puff-puff: A Nigerian delicacy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+puff-puff%3A+A+Nigerian+delicacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyevergreen.com%2F2052%2Flife%2Fthe-puff-puff-a-nigerian-delicacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zikoko.com/chopist/how-to-make-puff-puff/">"How To Make Puff Puff"</a>. <i>Zikoko!</i>. 2021-07-24<span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zikoko%21&rft.atitle=How+To+Make+Puff+Puff&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zikoko.com%2Fchopist%2Fhow-to-make-puff-puff%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://senecuisine.com/beignets-dougoub/">"Beignets dougoub (beignets de mil soufflés)"</a>. <i>Senecuisine</i>. 10 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senecuisine&rft.atitle=Beignets+dougoub+%28beignets+de+mil+souffl%C3%A9s%29&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsenecuisine.com%2Fbeignets-dougoub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/2012/10/puff-puff-how-to-make-nigerian-puff.html">"Nigerian Food Recipes TV| Nigerian Food blog, Nigerian Cuisine, Nigerian Food TV, African Food Blog: Nigerian Puff Puff Recipe : How to make Puff puff"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigerian+Food+Recipes+TV%26%23124%3B+Nigerian+Food+blog%2C+Nigerian+Cuisine%2C+Nigerian+Food+TV%2C+African+Food+Blog%3A+Nigerian+Puff+Puff+Recipe+%3A+How+to+make+Puff+puff&rft.pub=Nigerianfoodtv.com&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigerianfoodtv.com%2F2012%2F10%2Fpuff-puff-how-to-make-nigerian-puff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecoconet.tv/coco-cookbook/pacific-recipes-and-food-tips/keke-isite/">"Keke 'Isite"</a>. <i>The Coconet.tv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Coconet.tv&rft.atitle=Keke+%27Isite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecoconet.tv%2Fcoco-cookbook%2Fpacific-recipes-and-food-tips%2Fkeke-isite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff-puff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkubor2004" class="citation journal cs1">Akubor, Peter (April 2004). "Protein contents, physical and sensory properties of African snack foods (cake, chin-chin and puff-puff) prepared from cowpea-wheat flour blends". <i>International Journal of Food Science & Technology</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2621.2004.00771.x">10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00771.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Protein+contents%2C+physical+and+sensory+properties+of+African+snack+foods+%28cake%2C+chin-chin+and+puff-puff%29+prepared+from+cowpea-wheat+flour+blends&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2621.2004.00771.x&rft.aulast=Akubor&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatent" class="citation book cs1">Patent, Greg. <i>A Baker's Odyssey: Celebrating Time-Honored Recipes from America's Rich Immigrant Heritage</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Baker%27s+Odyssey%3A+Celebrating+Time-Honored+Recipes+from+America%27s+Rich+Immigrant+Heritage&rft.aulast=Patent&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff-puff" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa and Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhirasam" title="Adhirasam">Adhirasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Awameh">Awameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalouni" title="Bambalouni">Bambalouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamiyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamiyeh">Bamiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binangkal" title="Binangkal">Binangkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Boortsog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%A4k%C3%A7%C3%A4k" class="mw-redirect" title="Çäkçäk">Çäkçäk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascaron" title="Cascaron">Cascaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebakia" title="Chebakia">Chebakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiroti" title="Chiroti">Chiroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_chin" title="Chin chin">Chin chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoria" title="Gorgoria">Gorgoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh-e_Fil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosh-e Fil">Gosh-e Fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">Gulab jamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaramari" title="Gwaramari">Gwaramari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imarti" title="Imarti">Imarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalebi" title="Jalebi">Jalebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koe%27sister" title="Koe'sister">Koe'sister</a>/<a href="/wiki/Koeksister" title="Koeksister">Koeksister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevum" title="Kevum">Kevum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumukunsi" title="Kumukunsi">Kumukunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Lokma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot-lokot" title="Lokot-lokot">Lokot-lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maejap-gwa" title="Maejap-gwa">Maejap-gwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahua_(snack)" title="Mahua (snack)">Mahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi_donuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mochi donuts">Mochi donuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyalam" title="Panyalam">Panyalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipit" title="Pilipit">Pilipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinakufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinakufu">Pinakufu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puff-puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qottab" title="Qottab">Qottab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sata_andagi" title="Sata andagi">Sata andagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel_roti" title="Sel roti">Sel roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinz" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinz">Sfinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoy" title="Shakoy">Shakoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarpali" title="Shankarpali">Shankarpali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangbaotai" title="Shuangbaotai">Shuangbaotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyah" title="Sufganiyah">Sufganiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_shells" title="Sweet shells">Sweet shells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalabiyeh" title="Zalabiyeh">Zalabiyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_claw" title="Bear claw">Bear claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolinho_de_chuva" title="Bolinho de chuva">Bolinho de chuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_cream_doughnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston cream doughnut">Boston cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bobby" title="Brown Bobby">Brown Bobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_doughnut" title="Cider doughnut">Cider doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_doughnut" title="Coconut doughnut">Coconut doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronut" title="Cronut">Cronut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruller" title="Cruller">Cruller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchie_(doughnut)" title="Dutchie (doughnut)">Dutchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_Coke" title="Fried Coke">Fried Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnel_cake" title="Funnel cake">Funnel cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_doughnut" title="Jelly doughnut">Jelly doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_John_(doughnut)" title="Long John (doughnut)">Long John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_bacon_donut" title="Maple bacon donut">Maple bacon donut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple bar">Maple bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-fashioned_doughnut" title="Old-fashioned doughnut">Old-fashioned doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_(roll)" title="Persian (roll)">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_doughnut" title="Potato doughnut">Potato doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopaipilla" title="Sopaipilla">Sopaipilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream_doughnut" title="Sour cream doughnut">Sour cream doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_tail_donut" title="Tiger tail donut">Tiger tail donut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbits" title="Timbits">Timbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touton" title="Touton">Touton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonut" title="Wonut">Wonut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_wings" title="Angel wings">Angel wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_(doughnut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berliner (doughnut)">Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone" title="Bombolone">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diples" title="Diples">Diples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1nk" title="Fánk">Fánk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fartura_(food)" title="Fartura (food)">Fartura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasnacht_(doughnut)" title="Fasnacht (doughnut)">Fasnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filh%C3%B3s" class="mw-redirect" title="Filhós">Filhós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritule" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritule">Fritule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudge_doughnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Fudge doughnut">Fudge doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klen%C3%A4t" title="Klenät">Klenät</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniek%C3%BCchle" title="Knieküchle">Knieküchle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krofne" title="Krofne">Krofne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malassada" title="Malassada">Malassada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekitsa" title="Mekitsa">Mekitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliebol" title="Oliebol">Oliebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%85czki" title="Pączki">Pączki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastisset" title="Pastisset">Pastisset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesti%C3%B1os" title="Pestiños">Pestiños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusurate" title="Prusurate">Prusurate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(cookie)" title="Rosette (cookie)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenkele" title="Schenkele">Schenkele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smultring" title="Smultring">Smultring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1tipci" title="Uštipci">Uštipci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">Zeppole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glazed-Donut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Doughnut"><img alt="Doughnut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Glazed-Donut.jpg/60px-Glazed-Donut.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Glazed-Donut.jpg/90px-Glazed-Donut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Glazed-Donut.jpg/120px-Glazed-Donut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Doughnut</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Savory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa and Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balep_korkun" title="Balep korkun">Balep korkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaji" title="Bhaji">Bhaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatoora" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhatoora">Bhatoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_fritters" title="Burmese fritters">Burmese fritters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_chim_peng" title="Ham chim peng">Ham chim peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_doughnut" title="Javanese doughnut">Javanese doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuushuur" title="Khuushuur">Khuushuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mee_Siput_Muar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mee Siput Muar">Mee Siput Muar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCcver" title="Mücver">Mücver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murukku" title="Murukku">Murukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okoy" title="Okoy">Okoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ox-tongue_pastry" title="Ox-tongue pastry">Ox-tongue pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pişi">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutab" title="Qutab">Qutab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_phaley" title="Sha phaley">Sha phaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelpek" title="Shelpek">Shelpek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youtiao" title="Youtiao">Youtiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe and <br />the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleischkuekle" title="Fleischkuekle">Fleischkuekle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritelli" title="Fritelli">Fritelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Frybread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnel_cake" title="Funnel cake">Funnel cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliva" title="Haliva">Haliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihapiirakka" title="Lihapiirakka">Lihapiirakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6rtsy" title="Lörtsy">Lörtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasztecik_szczeci%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasztecik szczeciński">Pasztecik szczeciński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeaverTails" title="BeaverTails">BeaverTails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin' Donuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krispy_Kreme" title="Krispy Kreme">Krispy Kreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Donut" title="Mister Donut">Mister Donut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipley_Do-Nuts" title="Shipley Do-Nuts">Shipley Do-Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons" title="Tim Hortons">Tim Hortons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doughnut_varieties" title="List of doughnut varieties">List of doughnut varieties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fried_dough_foods" title="List of fried dough foods">List of fried dough foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fried_foods" title="List of deep fried foods">List of deep fried foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doughnut_shops" title="List of doughnut shops">List of doughnut shops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Doughnut_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="National Doughnut Day">National Doughnut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_doughnuts" title="Coffee and doughnuts">Coffee and doughnuts</a></li> <li><i>Superior Donuts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Donuts" title="Superior Donuts">play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Donuts_(TV_series)" title="Superior Donuts (TV series)">TV series</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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