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arrays</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: antenna arrays"> <meta name="keywords" content="antenna arrays"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="antenna arrays"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 448</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: antenna arrays</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> Circular Polarized and Surface Compatible Microstrip Array Antenna Design for Image and Telemetric Data Transfer in UAV and Armed UAV Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C3%BCbra%20Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1ran">Kübra Taşkıran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahattin%20T%C3%BCretken"> Bahattin Türetken</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a microstrip array antenna with circular polarization at 2.4 GHz frequency has been designed using the in order to provide image and telemetric data transmission in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems. In addition to the antenna design, the power divider design was made and the antennas were fed in phase. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the antenna operates at a frequency of 2.4016 GHz with 12.2 dBi directing gain. In addition, this designed array antenna was transformed into a form compatible with the rocket surface used in A-UAV Systems, and analyzes were made. As a result of these analyzes, it has been observed that the antenna operates on the surface of the missile at a frequency of 2.372 GHz with a directivity gain of 10.2 dBi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cicrostrip%20array%20antenna" title="cicrostrip array antenna">cicrostrip array antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization"> circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2.4%20GHz" title=" 2.4 GHz"> 2.4 GHz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20and%20telemetric%20data" title=" image and telemetric data"> image and telemetric data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title=" transmission"> transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20compatible" title=" surface compatible"> surface compatible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV%20and%20armed%20UAV" title=" UAV and armed UAV"> UAV and armed UAV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163799/circular-polarized-and-surface-compatible-microstrip-array-antenna-design-for-image-and-telemetric-data-transfer-in-uav-and-armed-uav-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Fabrication of Immune-Affinity Monolithic Array for Detection of α-Fetoprotein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li">Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ru%20Xia"> Li-Ru Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He-Ye%20Wang"> He-Ye Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Dong%20Bi"> Xiao-Dong Bi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we presented a highly sensitive immune-affinity monolithic array for detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Firstly, the epoxy functionalized monolith arrays were fabricated using UV initiated copolymerization method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the poly(BABEA-<em>co</em>-GMA) monolith exhibited a well-controlled skeletal and well-distributed porous structure. Then, AFP and CEA immune-affinity monolithic arrays were prepared by immobilization of AFP and CEA antibodies on epoxy functionalized monolith arrays. With a non-competitive immune response format, the presented AFP and CEA immune-affinity arrays were demonstrated as an inexpensive, flexible, homogeneous and stable array for detection of AFP and CEA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescent%20detection" title="chemiluminescent detection">chemiluminescent detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune-affinity" title=" immune-affinity"> immune-affinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolithic%20copolymer%20array" title=" monolithic copolymer array"> monolithic copolymer array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-initiated%20copolymerization" title=" UV-initiated copolymerization"> UV-initiated copolymerization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820/fabrication-of-immune-affinity-monolithic-array-for-detection-of-a-fetoprotein-and-carcinoembryonic-antigen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Design of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Stepped Cut Method for WLAN/WiMAX and C/Ku-Band Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Boutejdar">Ahmed Boutejdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishoy%20I.%20Halim"> Bishoy I. Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20El%20Hani"> Soumia El Hani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larbi%20Bellarbi"> Larbi Bellarbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Afyf"> Amal Afyf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a planar monopole antenna for multi band applications is proposed. The antenna structure operates at three operating frequencies at 3.7, 6.2, and 13.5 GHz which cover different communication frequency ranges. The antenna consists of a quasi-modified rectangular radiating patch with a partial ground plane and two parasitic elements (open-loop-ring resonators) to serve as coupling-bridges. A stepped cut at lower corners of the radiating patch and the partial ground plane are used, to achieve the multiband features. The proposed antenna is manufactured on the FR4 substrate and is simulated and optimized using High Frequency Simulation System (HFSS). The antenna topology possesses an area of 30.5 x 30 x 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. The measured results demonstrate that the candidate antenna has impedance bandwidths for 10 dB return loss and operates from 3.80 – 3.90 GHz, 4.10 – 5.20 GHz, 11.2 – 11.5 GHz and from 12.5 – 14.0 GHz, which meet the requirements of the wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), C- (Uplink) and Ku- (Uplink) band applications. Acceptable agreement is obtained between measurement and simulation results. Experimental results show that the antenna is successfully simulated and measured, and the tri-band antenna can be achieved by adjusting the lengths of the three elements and it gives good gains across all the operation bands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planar%20monopole%20antenna" title="planar monopole antenna">planar monopole antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FR4%20substrate" title=" FR4 substrate"> FR4 substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFSS" title=" HFSS"> HFSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiMAX" title=" WiMAX"> WiMAX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%20and%20Ku" title=" C and Ku"> C and Ku</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86412/design-of-multiband-microstrip-antenna-using-stepped-cut-method-for-wlanwimax-and-cku-band-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Mutual Coupling Reduction between Patch Antenna Array Elements Using Metamaterial Z Shaped Resonators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oossama%20Tabbabi">Oossama Tabbabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mondher%20Labidi"> Mondher Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fethi%20Choubani"> Fethi Choubani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20David"> J. David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern wireless communication systems require compact design, low cost and simple structure antennas to insure reliability, agility, and high efficiency characteristics. This paper presents a microstrip antenna array designed for 8 GHz applications. To reduce the mutual coupling effects, a Z shape metamaterial structure was imprinted in the microstrip antenna array composed of two elements. Simulation results show the improvement of mutual coupling by adding Z shape metamaterial structure to the antenna substrate. The proposed structure reduces mutual coupling by 19 dB. The simulation has been performed by using HFSS simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title="antenna array">antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20design" title=" compact design"> compact design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20wireless%20communication" title=" modern wireless communication"> modern wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effects" title=" mutual coupling effects"> mutual coupling effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228/mutual-coupling-reduction-between-patch-antenna-array-elements-using-metamaterial-z-shaped-resonators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> A Review of Emerging Technologies in Antennas and Phased Arrays for Avionics Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Safi">Muhammad Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Manan"> Abdul Manan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, research in aircraft avionics systems (i.e., radars and antennas) has grown revolutionary. Aircraft technology is experiencing an increasing inclination from all mechanical to all electrical aircraft, with the introduction of inhabitant air vehicles and drone taxis over the last few years. This develops an overriding need to summarize the history, latest trends, and future development in aircraft avionics research for a better understanding and development of new technologies in the domain of avionics systems. This paper focuses on the future trends in antennas and phased arrays for avionics systems. Along with the general overview of the future avionics trend, this work describes the review of around 50 high-quality research papers on aircraft communication systems. Electric-powered aircraft have been a hot topic in the modern aircraft world. Electric aircraft have supremacy over their conventional counterparts. Due to increased drone taxi and urban air mobility, fast and reliable communication is very important, so concepts of Broadband Integrated Digital Avionics Information Exchange Networks (B-IDAIENs) and Modular Avionics are being researched for better communication of future aircraft. A Ku-band phased array antenna based on a modular design can be used in a modular avionics system. Furthermore, integrated avionics is also emerging research in future avionics. The main focus of work in future avionics will be using integrated modular avionics and infra-red phased array antennas, which are discussed in detail in this paper. Other work such as reconfigurable antennas and optical communication, are also discussed in this paper. The future of modern aircraft avionics would be based on integrated modulated avionics and small artificial intelligence-based antennas. Optical and infrared communication will also replace microwave frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title="AI">AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avionics%20systems" title=" avionics systems"> avionics systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20aircrafts" title=" electric aircrafts"> electric aircrafts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infra-red" title=" infra-red"> infra-red</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20avionics" title=" integrated avionics"> integrated avionics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20avionics" title=" modular avionics"> modular avionics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phased%20array" title=" phased array"> phased array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20antenna" title=" reconfigurable antenna"> reconfigurable antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAVs" title=" UAVs"> UAVs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168417/a-review-of-emerging-technologies-in-antennas-and-phased-arrays-for-avionics-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> Design of a Rectifier with Enhanced Efficiency and a High-gain Antenna for Integrated and Compact-size Rectenna Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawaa%20Maher">Rawaa Maher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Allam"> Ahmed Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruichi%20Kanaya"> Haruichi Kanaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20B.%20Abdelrahman"> Adel B. Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a compact, high-efficiency integrated rectenna is presented to operate in the 2.45 GHz band. A comparison between two rectifier topologies is performed to verify the benefits of removing the matching network from the rectifier. A rectifier high conversion efficiency of 74.1% is achieved. To complete the rectenna system, a novel omnidirectional antenna with high gain (3.72 dB) and compact size (25 mm * 29 mm) is designed and fabricated. The same antenna is used with a reflector for raising the gain to nearly 8.3 dB. The simulation and measurement results of the antenna are in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20rectenna" title=" integrated rectenna"> integrated rectenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectenna" title=" rectenna"> rectenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20energy%20harvesting" title=" RF energy harvesting"> RF energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks%28WSN%29" title=" wireless sensor networks(WSN)"> wireless sensor networks(WSN)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146075/design-of-a-rectifier-with-enhanced-efficiency-and-a-high-gain-antenna-for-integrated-and-compact-size-rectenna-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> Design and Performance Comparison of Metamaterial Based Antenna for 4G/5G Mobile Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Khan">Jalal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniyal%20Ali%20Sehrai"> Daniyal Ali Sehrai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakeel%20Ahmad"> Shakeel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of multiband metamaterial based antenna operating in the 3.6 GHz (4G), 14.33 GHz, and 28.86 GHz (5G) frequency bands, for future mobile and handheld devices. The radiating element of the proposed design is made up of a conductive material supported by a 1.524 mm thicker Rogers-4003 substrate, having a relative dielectric constant and loss tangent of 3.55 and 0.0027, respectively. The substrate is backed by truncated ground plane. The future mobile communication system is based on higher frequencies, which are highly affected by the atmospheric conditions. Therefore, to overcome the path loss problem, essential enhancements and improvements must be made in the overall performance of the antenna. The traditional ground plane does not provide the in-phase reflection and surface wave suppression due to which side and back lobes are produced. This will affect the antenna performance in terms of gain and efficiency. To enhance the overall performance of the antenna, a metamaterial acting as a high impedance surface (HIS) is used as a reflector in the proposed design. The simulated gain of the metamaterial based antenna is enhanced from {2.76-6.47, 4.83-6.71 and 7.52-7.73} dB at 3.6, 14.33 and 28.89 GHz, respectively relative to the gain of the antenna backed by a traditional ground plane. The proposed antenna radiated efficiently with a radiated efficiency (>85 %) in all the three frequency bands with and without metamaterial surface. The total volume of the antenna is (<em>L</em> x <em>W</em> x <em>h</em>=45 x 40 x 1.524) mm<sup>3</sup>. The antenna can be potentially used for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminal. All the simulations have been performed using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CST%20MWS" title="CST MWS">CST MWS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20generation%2Ffifth%20generation" title=" fourth generation/fifth generation"> fourth generation/fifth generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4G%2F5G" title=" 4G/5G"> 4G/5G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20gain" title=" high gain"> high gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiband" title=" multiband"> multiband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90881/design-and-performance-comparison-of-metamaterial-based-antenna-for-4g5g-mobile-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Study and Design of Novel Structure of Circularly Polarized Dual Band Microstrip Antenna Fed by Hybrid Coupler for RFID Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Taouzari">M. Taouzari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sardi"> A. Sardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20El%20Aoufi"> J. El Aoufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mouhsen"> Ahmed Mouhsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this work is to design a reader antenna fed by 90° hybrid coupler that would ensure a tag which is detected regardless of its orientation for the radio frequency identification system covering the UHF and ISM bands frequencies. Based on this idea, the proposed work is dividing in two parts, first part is about study and design hybrid coupler using the resonators planar called T-and Pi networks operating in commercial bands. In the second part, the proposed antenna fed by the hybrid coupler is designed on FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity 4.4, thickness dielectric 1.6mm and loss tangent 0.025. The T-slot is inserted in patch of the proposed antenna fed by the hybrid coupler is first designed, optimized and simulated using electromagnetic simulator ADS and then simulated in a full wave simulation software CST Microwave Studio. The simulated antenna by the both softwares achieves the expected performances in terms of matching, pattern radiation, phase shifting, gain and size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20band%20antenna" title="dual band antenna">dual band antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20coupler" title=" hybrid coupler"> hybrid coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20pattern" title=" radiation pattern"> radiation pattern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119508/study-and-design-of-novel-structure-of-circularly-polarized-dual-band-microstrip-antenna-fed-by-hybrid-coupler-for-rfid-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> Miniaturized and Compact Monopole Corner Antenna with a Periodic Slot Truncated and T-Inverted Stub-Tuning for Ultra Wideband Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Dakir">R. Dakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mouhsen"> Ahmed Mouhsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design and analysis of a new compact and miniaturized monopole antenna structure for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless applications are presented and suggested in this paper. The proposed antenna structure is based on corner radiator patch with T-shaped slot and fed by mictostrip feed line with a partial ground plane combined a periodic rectangular slot and inverted T-stub tuning to increase the bandwidth. The design parameters and the performance of the suggested antenna are investigated by using 'CST Microwave Studio' and Advanced Design System. The final prototype of the proposed antenna operates from 3GHZ to 25GHz, corresponding to wide input impedance bandwidth around (157.14%) with a size of 16*24mm2 and can be easily integrated with radio-frequency or microwave circuits with low cost manufacturing. Details of the UWB antenna design and both simulated and measured results are described and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB" title="UWB">UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-shaped%20slots" title=" T-shaped slots"> T-shaped slots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stub%20tuning" title=" stub tuning"> stub tuning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69269/miniaturized-and-compact-monopole-corner-antenna-with-a-periodic-slot-truncated-and-t-inverted-stub-tuning-for-ultra-wideband-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Design of a Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for LTE Applications by Applying FDSC Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Settapong%20Malisuwan">Settapong Malisuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesada%20Sivaraks"> Jesada Sivaraks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerawat%20Promkladpanao"> Peerawat Promkladpanao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattakit%20Suriyakrai"> Nattakit Suriyakrai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneet%20Madan"> Navneet Madan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a compact microstrip patch antenna is designed for mobile LTE applications by applying the frequency-dependent Smith-Chart (FDSC) model. The FDSC model is adopted in this research to reduce the error on the frequency-dependent characteristics. The Ansoft HFSS and various techniques is applied to meet frequency and size requirements. The proposed method within this research is suitable for use in computer-aided microstrip antenna design and RF integrated circuit (RFIC) design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency-dependent" title="frequency-dependent">frequency-dependent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smith-chart" title=" smith-chart"> smith-chart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title=" antenna"> antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title=" LTE"> LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD" title=" CAD"> CAD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4229/design-of-a-compact-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-lte-applications-by-applying-fdsc-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> Global Optimization Techniques for Optimal Placement of HF Antennas on a Shipboard</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ural">Mustafa Ural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Can%20Bayseferogulari"> Can Bayseferogulari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, radio frequency (RF) coupling between two HF antennas on a shipboard platform is minimized by determining an optimal antenna placement. Unlike the other works, the coupling is minimized not only at single frequency but over the whole frequency band of operation. Similarly, GAO and PSO, are used in order to determine optimal antenna placement. Throughout this work, outputs of two optimization techniques are compared with each other in terms of antenna placements and coupling results. At the end of the work, far-field radiation pattern performances of the antennas at their optimal places are analyzed in terms of directivity and coverage in order to see that. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20compatibility" title="electromagnetic compatibility">electromagnetic compatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20placement" title=" antenna placement"> antenna placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm%20optimization" title=" genetic algorithm optimization"> genetic algorithm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108667/global-optimization-techniques-for-optimal-placement-of-hf-antennas-on-a-shipboard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Performance Degradation for the GLR Test-Statistics for Spatial Signal Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olesya%20Bolkhovskaya">Olesya Bolkhovskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Maltsev"> Alexander Maltsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antenna arrays are widely used in modern radio systems in sonar and communications. The solving of the detection problems of a useful signal on the background of noise is based on the GLRT method. There is a large number of problem which depends on the known a priori information. In this work, in contrast to the majority of already solved problems, it is used only difference spatial properties of the signal and noise for detection. We are analyzing the influence of the degree of non-coherence of signal and noise unhomogeneity on the performance characteristics of different GLRT statistics. The description of the signal and noise is carried out by means of the spatial covariance matrices C in the cases of different number of known information. The partially coherent signal is simulated as a plane wave with a random angle of incidence of the wave concerning a normal. Background noise is simulated as random process with uniform distribution function in each element. The results of investigation of degradation of performance characteristics for different cases are represented in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLRT" title="GLRT">GLRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann-Pearson%E2%80%99s%20criterion" title=" Neumann-Pearson’s criterion"> Neumann-Pearson’s criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Test-statistics" title=" Test-statistics"> Test-statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20processing" title=" spatial processing"> spatial processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multielement%20antenna%20array" title=" multielement antenna array"> multielement antenna array</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1985/performance-degradation-for-the-glr-test-statistics-for-spatial-signal-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> A Compact Ultra-Wide Band Antenna with C-Shaped Slot for WLAN Notching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Rasool">Maryam Rasool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Munir"> Farhan Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Nawaz"> Fahad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Ahmad"> Saad Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A patch antenna operating in the Ultra-Wide Band of frequency (3.1 GHz – 10.6 GHz) is designed with enhanced security from interference from other applications by incorporating the notching technique. Patch antennas in the Ultra-Wide Band are becoming widely famous due to their low power, light weight and high data rate capability. Micro strip patch antenna’s patch can be altered to increase its bandwidth and introduce UWB character in it. The designed antenna is a patch antenna consisting of a conductive sheet of metal mounted over a large sheet of metal called the ground plane with a substrate separating the two. Notched bands are public safety WLAN, WLAN and FSS. Different techniques used to implement the UWB antenna were individually implemented and there results were examined. V shaped patch was then chosen and modified to an arrow shaped patch to give the optimized results operating on the entire UWB region with considerable return loss. The frequency notch prevents the operation of the antenna at a particular range of frequency, hence minimizing interference from other systems. There are countless techniques for introducing the notch but we have used inverted C-shaped slots in the UWB patch to get the notch characteristics as output and also wavelength resonators to introduce notch in UWB band. The designed antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) 13.0 by Ansoft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFSS" title="HFSS">HFSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Notch" title=" Notch"> Notch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB" title=" UWB"> UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66385/a-compact-ultra-wide-band-antenna-with-c-shaped-slot-for-wlan-notching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Energy System Autonomous PV-Diesel-Wind Power with Battery Storage for Relay Antenna Telecommunication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahri%20Toufik">Tahri Toufik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchachia%20Mohamed"> Bouchachia Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braikia%20Oussama"> Braikia Oussama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is the design and optimization of a hybrid PV-Diesel-Wind power system with storage in order to power a relay antenna telecommunication isolated in Chlef region. The aim of the simulation of this hybrid system by the HOMER software is to determine the size and the number of each element of the system and to determine the optimal technical and economic configuration using monthly average values per year for a fixed charge antenna relay telecommunication of 22kWh/d. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMER" title="HOMER">HOMER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-diesel-wind%20system" title=" PV-diesel-wind system"> PV-diesel-wind system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication" title=" relay antenna telecommunication"> relay antenna telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856/simulation-and-optimization-of-hybrid-energy-system-autonomous-pv-diesel-wind-power-with-battery-storage-for-relay-antenna-telecommunication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> Parametric Analysis of Water Lily Shaped Split Ring Resonator Loaded Fractal Monopole Antenna for Multiband Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Elavarasi">C. Elavarasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Shanmuganantham"> T. Shanmuganantham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is presented, and comprising a split ring resonator (SRR) loaded fractal with water lily shape is used for multi band applications. The impedance matching of the antenna is determined by the number of Koch curve fractal unit cells. The antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate with a permittivity of ε<sub>r =</sub> 4.4 and size of 14 x 16 x 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> to generate multi resonant mode at 3.8 GHz covering S band, 8.68 GHz at X band, 13.96 GHz at Ku band, and 19.74 GHz at K band with reflection coefficient better than -10 dB. Simulation results show that the antenna exhibits the desired voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) level and radiation patterns across the wide frequency range. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, good radiation pattern with reasonable gain across the operating bands are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal" title="fractal">fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20ring%20resonator" title=" split ring resonator"> split ring resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterlily%20shape" title=" waterlily shape"> waterlily shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53253/parametric-analysis-of-water-lily-shaped-split-ring-resonator-loaded-fractal-monopole-antenna-for-multiband-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> Effect on Bandwidth of Using Double Substrates Based Metamaterial Planar Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smrity%20Dwivedi">Smrity Dwivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper has revealed the effect of double substrates over a bandwidth performance for planar antennas. The used material has its own importance to get minimum return loss and improved directivity. The author has taken double substrates to enhance the efficiency in terms of gain of antenna. Metamaterial based antenna has its own specific structure which increased the performance of antenna. Improved return loss is -20 dB, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 1.2, which is better than single substrate having return loss of -15 dB and VSWR of 1.4. Complete results are obtained using commercial software CST microwave studio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CST%20microwave%20studio" title="CST microwave studio">CST microwave studio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20loss" title=" return loss"> return loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VSWR" title=" VSWR"> VSWR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64563/effect-on-bandwidth-of-using-double-substrates-based-metamaterial-planar-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> Numerical Simulation of Multiple Arrays Arrangement of Micro Hydro Power Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20At-Tasneem">M. A. At-Tasneem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20T.%20Rao"> N. T. Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Y.%20S.%20Tuan%20Ya"> T. M. Y. S. Tuan Ya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Idris"> M. S. Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ammar"> M. Ammar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> River flow over micro hydro power (MHP) turbines of multiple arrays arrangement is simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to obtain the flow characteristics. In this paper, CFD software is used to simulate the water flow over MHP turbines as they are placed in a river. Multiple arrays arrangement of MHP turbines lead to generate large amount of power. In this study, a river model is created and simulated in CFD software to obtain the water flow characteristic. The process then continued by simulating different types of arrays arrangement in the river model. A MHP turbine model consists of a turbine outer body and static propeller blade in it. Five types of arrangements are used which are parallel, series, triangular, square and rhombus with different spacing sizes. The velocity profiles on each MHP turbines are identified at the mouth of each turbine bodies. This study is required to obtain the arrangement with increasing spacing sizes that can produce highest power density through the water flow variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20hydro%20power" title="micro hydro power">micro hydro power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrays%20arrangement" title=" arrays arrangement"> arrays arrangement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacing%20sizes" title=" spacing sizes"> spacing sizes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20profile" title=" velocity profile"> velocity profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5348/numerical-simulation-of-multiple-arrays-arrangement-of-micro-hydro-power-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Engineering Academics’ Strategies of Modelling Mathematical Concepts into Their Teaching of an Antenna Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vojo%20George%20Fasinu">Vojo George Fasinu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadaraj%20Govender"> Nadaraj Govender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Predeep%20Kumar"> Predeep Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Antenna, which remains the hub of technological development in Africa had been found to be a course that is been taught and designed in an abstract manner in some universities. One of the reasons attached to this is that the appropriate approach of teaching antenna design is not yet understood by many engineering academics in some universities in South Africa. Also, another problem reported is the main difficulty encountered when interpreting and applying some of the mathematical concepts learned into their practical antenna design course. As a result of this, some engineering experts classified antenna as a mysterious technology that could not be described by anybody using mathematical concepts. In view of this, this paper takes it as its point of departure in explaining what an antenna is all about with a strong emphasis on its mathematical modelling. It also argues that the place of modelling mathematical concepts into the teaching of engineering design cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, it explains the mathematical concepts adopted during the teaching of an antenna design course, the Strategies of modelling those mathematics concepts, the behavior of antennas, and their mathematics usage were equally discussed. More so, the paper also sheds more light on mathematical modelling in South Africa context, and also comparative analysis of mathematics concepts taught in mathematics class and mathematics concepts taught in engineering courses. This paper focuses on engineering academics teaching selected topics in electronic engineering (Antenna design), with special attention on the mathematical concepts they teach and how they teach them when teaching the course. A qualitative approach was adopted as a means of collecting data in order to report the naturalistic views of the engineering academics teaching Antenna design. The findings of the study confirmed that some mathematical concepts are being modeled into the teaching of an antenna design with the adoption of some teaching approaches. Furthermore, the paper reports a didactical-realistic mathematical model as a conceptual framework used by the researchers in describing how academics teach mathematical concepts during their teaching of antenna design. Finally, the paper concludes with the importance of mathematical modelling to the engineering academics and recommendations for further researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title="modelling">modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20concepts" title=" mathematical concepts"> mathematical concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=didactical" title=" didactical"> didactical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realistic%20model" title=" realistic model"> realistic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114354/engineering-academics-strategies-of-modelling-mathematical-concepts-into-their-teaching-of-an-antenna-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> A Horn Antenna Loaded with SIW FSS of Crossed Dipoles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Mostafa%20El-Mongy">Ibrahim Mostafa El-Mongy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmegid%20Allam"> Abdelmegid Allam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article analysis and investigation of the effect of loading a horn antenna with substrate integrated waveguide frequency selective surface (SIW FSS) of crossed dipoles of finite size is presented. It is fabricated on Rogers RO4350 (lossy) of relative permittivity 3.33, thickness 1.524mm and loss tangent 0.004. This structure is called a filtering antenna (filtenna). Basically it is applied for filtering and minimizing the interference and noise in the desired band. The filtration is carried out using a finite SIW FSS of crossed dipoles of overall dimensions 98x58 mm2. The filtration is shown by limiting the transmission bandwidth from 4 GHz (8–12 GHz) to 0.3 GHz (0.955–0.985 GHz). It is simulated using CST MWS and measured using network analyzer. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtenna" title=" filtenna"> filtenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency-selective%20surface%20%28FSS%29" title=" frequency-selective surface (FSS)"> frequency-selective surface (FSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horn%20antennas" title=" horn antennas"> horn antennas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3165/a-horn-antenna-loaded-with-siw-fss-of-crossed-dipoles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> Compact Dual-band 4-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayad%20Ghawbar">Fayad Ghawbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The significance of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system in the 5G wireless communication system is essential to enhance channel capacity and provide a high data rate resulting in a need for dual-polarization in vertical and horizontal. Furthermore, size reduction is critical in a MIMO system to deploy more antenna elements requiring a compact, low-profile design. A compact dual-band 4-MIMO antenna system has been presented in this paper with pattern and polarization diversity. The proposed single antenna structure has been designed using two antenna layers with a C shape in the front layer and a partial slot with a U-shaped cut in the ground to enhance isolation. The single antenna is printed on an FR4 dielectric substrate with an overall size of 18 mm×18 mm×1.6 mm. The 4-MIMO antenna elements were printed orthogonally on an FR4 substrate with a size dimension of 36 × 36 × 1.6 mm3 with zero edge-to-edge separation distance. The proposed compact 4-MIMO antenna elements resonate at 3.4-3.6 GHz and 4.8-5 GHz. The s-parameters measurement and simulation results agree, especially in the lower band with a slight frequency shift of the measurement results at the upper band due to fabrication imperfection. The proposed design shows isolation above -15 dB and -22 dB across the 4-MIMO elements. The MIMO diversity performance has been evaluated in terms of efficiency, ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL. The total and radiation efficiency were above 50 % across all parameters in both frequency bands. The ECC values were lower than 0.10, and the DG results were about 9.95 dB in all antenna elements. TARC results exhibited values lower than 0 dB with values lower than -25 dB in all MIMO elements at the dual-bands. Moreover, the channel capacity losses in the MIMO system were depicted using CCL with values lower than 0.4 Bits/s/Hz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20antennas" title="compact antennas">compact antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20antenna%20system" title=" MIMO antenna system"> MIMO antenna system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G%20communication" title=" 5G communication"> 5G communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20band" title=" dual band"> dual band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECC" title=" ECC"> ECC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DG" title=" DG"> DG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TARC" title=" TARC"> TARC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146461/compact-dual-band-4-mimo-antenna-elements-for-5g-mobile-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> High Gain Mobile Base Station Antenna Using Curved Woodpile EBG Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kamphikul">P. Kamphikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Krachodnok"> P. Krachodnok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Wongsan"> R. Wongsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the gain improvement of a sector antenna for mobile phone base station by using the new technique to enhance its gain for microstrip antenna (MSA) array without construction enlargement. The curved woodpile Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) has been utilized to improve the gain instead. The advantages of this proposed antenna are reducing the length of MSAs array but providing the higher gain and easy fabrication and installation. Moreover, it provides a fan-shaped radiation pattern, wide in the horizontal direction and relatively narrow in the vertical direction, which appropriate for mobile phone base station. The paper also presents the design procedures of a 1x8 MSAs array associated with U-shaped reflector for decreasing their back and side lobes. The fabricated curved woodpile EBG exhibits bandgap characteristics at 2.1 GHz and is utilized for realizing a resonant cavity of MSAs array. This idea has been verified by both the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software and experimental results. As the results, the fabricated proposed antenna achieves a high gain of 20.3 dB and the half-power beam widths in the E- and H-plane of 36.8 and 8.7 degrees, respectively. Good qualitative agreement between measured and simulated results of the proposed antenna was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20improvement" title="gain improvement">gain improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20antenna%20array" title=" microstrip antenna array"> microstrip antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20band%20gap" title=" electromagnetic band gap"> electromagnetic band gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title=" base station"> base station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12373/high-gain-mobile-base-station-antenna-using-curved-woodpile-ebg-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> Improvement and Miniaturization RFID Patch Antenna by Inclusion the Complementary Metamaterials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seif%20Naoui">Seif Naoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lassaad%20Latrach"> Lassaad Latrach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gharsallah"> Ali Gharsallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is specialized to highlight the method of miniaturization and improvement the patch antenna by using the complementary metamaterial. This method is presented by a simple technique is composed a structure of patch antenna integrated in its surface a cell of complementary split ring resonator. This resonator is placed at the middle of the radiating patch in parallel with the transmission line and with a variable angle of orientation. The objective is to find the ultimate angle where the best results are obtained on improving the characteristics of the considered antenna. This motif widespread at the traceability applications by wireless communication for RFID technology at the operation frequency 2.45 GHz. Our contribution is based on studies empirical often presented in this article. All simulation results were made by the CST Microwave Studio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complimentary%20split%20ring%20resonators" title="complimentary split ring resonators">complimentary split ring resonators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20simulation%20technology%20microwave%20studio" title=" computer simulation technology microwave studio"> computer simulation technology microwave studio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterials%20patch%20antennas" title=" metamaterials patch antennas"> metamaterials patch antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20patch%20antenna" title=" microstrip patch antenna"> microstrip patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency%20identification" title=" radio frequency identification"> radio frequency identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28790/improvement-and-miniaturization-rfid-patch-antenna-by-inclusion-the-complementary-metamaterials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Single Feed Circularly Polarized Poly Fractal Antenna for Wireless Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20V.%20Reddy">V. V. Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Sarma"> N. V. Sarma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A circularly polarized fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. The sides of a square patch along x-axis, y-axis are replaced with Minkowski and Koch curves correspondingly. By using the fractal curves as edges, asymmetry in the structure is created to excite two orthogonal modes for circular polarization (CP) operation. The indentation factors of the fractal curves are optimized for pure CP. The simulated results of the novel poly fractal antenna are demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal" title="fractal">fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarization" title=" circular polarization"> circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkowski" title=" Minkowski"> Minkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koch" title=" Koch"> Koch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16535/single-feed-circularly-polarized-poly-fractal-antenna-for-wireless-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Wireless Backhauling for 5G Small Cell Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20Al%20Orainy">Abdullah A. Al Orainy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Small cell backhaul solutions need to be cost-effective, scalable, and easy to install. This paper presents an overview of small cell backhaul technologies. Wireless solutions including TV white space, satellite, sub-6 GHz radio wave, microwave and mmWave with their backhaul characteristics are discussed. Recent research on issues like beamforming, backhaul architecture, precoding and large antenna arrays, and energy efficiency for dense small cell backhaul with mmWave communications is reviewed. Recent trials of 5G technologies are summarized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backhaul" title="backhaul">backhaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cells" title=" small cells"> small cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless" title=" wireless"> wireless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G" title=" 5G"> 5G</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39532/wireless-backhauling-for-5g-small-cell-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> Ultra Wideband Breast Cancer Detection by Using SAR for Indication the Tumor Location</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wittawat%20Wasusathien">Wittawat Wasusathien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samran%20Santalunai"> Samran Santalunai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanaset%20Thosdeekoraphat"> Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanchai%20Thongsopa"> Chanchai Thongsopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents breast cancer detection by observing the specific absorption rate (SAR) intensity for identification tumor location, the tumor is identified in coordinates (x,y,z) system. We examined the frequency between 4-8 GHz to look for the most appropriate frequency. Results are simulated in frequency 4-8 GHz, the model overview include normal breast with 50 mm radian, 5 mm diameter of tumor, and ultra wideband (UWB) bowtie antenna. The models are created and simulated in CST Microwave Studio. For this simulation, we changed antenna to 5 location around the breast, the tumor can be detected when an antenna is close to the tumor location, which the coordinate of maximum SAR is approximated the tumor location. For reliable, we experiment by random tumor location to 3 position in the same size of tumor and simulation the result again by varying the antenna position in 5 position again, and it also detectable the tumor position from the antenna that nearby tumor position by maximum value of SAR, which it can be detected the tumor with precision in all frequency between 4-8 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20absorption%20rate%20%28SAR%29" title="specific absorption rate (SAR)">specific absorption rate (SAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20wideband%20%28UWB%29" title=" ultra wideband (UWB)"> ultra wideband (UWB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinates" title=" coordinates"> coordinates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20detection" title=" cancer detection"> cancer detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10465/ultra-wideband-breast-cancer-detection-by-using-sar-for-indication-the-tumor-location" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Design and Parametric Analysis of Pentaband Meander Line Antenna for Mobile Handset Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrinivas%20P.%20Mahajan">Shrinivas P. Mahajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20C.%20Kshirsagar"> Aarti C. Kshirsagar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless communication technology is rapidly changing with recent developments in portable devices and communication protocols. This has generated demand for more advanced and compact antenna structures and therefore, proposed work focuses on Meander Line Antenna (MLA) design. Here, Pentaband MLA is designed on a FR4 substrate (85 mm x 40 mm) with dielectric constant (ϵr) 4.4, loss tangent (tan ) 0.018 and height 1.6 mm with coplanar feed and open stub structure. It can be operated in LTE (0.670 GHz-0.696 GHz) GPS (1.564 GHz-1.579 GHz), WCDMA (1.920 GHz-2.135 GHz), LTE UL frequency band 23 (2-2.020 GHz) and 5G (3.10 GHz-3.550 GHz) application bands. Also, it gives good performance in terms of Return Loss (RL) which is < -10 dB, impedance bandwidth with maximum Bandwidth (BW) up to 0.21 GHz and realized gains with maximum gain up to 3.28 dBi. Antenna is simulated with open stub and without open stub structures to see the effect on impedance BW coverage. In addition to this, it is checked with human hand and head phantoms to assure that it falls within specified Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed" title="coplanar feed">coplanar feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%20shaped%20ground" title=" L shaped ground"> L shaped ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meander%20Line%20Antenna" title=" Meander Line Antenna"> Meander Line Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLA" title=" MLA"> MLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phantom" title=" Phantom"> Phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Specific%20Absorption%20Rate" title=" Specific Absorption Rate"> Specific Absorption Rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR" title=" SAR"> SAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109521/design-and-parametric-analysis-of-pentaband-meander-line-antenna-for-mobile-handset-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Performance Estimation of Two Port Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Antenna for Wireless Local Area Network Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radha%20Tomar">Radha Tomar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20K.%20Jain"> Satish K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Panchal"> Manish Panchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Rathore"> P. S. Rathore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the presented work, inset fed microstrip patch antenna (IFMPA) based two port MIMO Antenna system has been proposed, which is suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. IFMPA has been designed, optimized for 2.4 GHz and applied for MIMO formation. The optimized parameters of the proposed IFMPA have been used for fabrication of antenna and two port MIMO in a laboratory. Fabrication of the designed MIMO antenna has been done and tested experimentally for performance parameters like Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Directive Gain (DG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Multiplexing Efficiency (ME) etc and results are compared with simulated parameters extracted with simulated S parameters to validate the results. The simulated and experimentally measured plots and numerical values of these MIMO performance parameters resembles very much with each other. This shows the success of MIMO antenna design methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%20and%20multiple-output" title="multiple-input and multiple-output">multiple-input and multiple-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20local%20area%20network" title=" wireless local area network"> wireless local area network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20network%20analyzer" title=" vector network analyzer"> vector network analyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20correlation%20coefficient" title=" envelope correlation coefficient"> envelope correlation coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177821/performance-estimation-of-two-port-multiple-input-and-multiple-output-antenna-for-wireless-local-area-network-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Electromagnetic Modeling of a MESFET Transistor Using the Moments Method Combined with Generalised Equivalent Circuit Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takoua%20Soltani">Takoua Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Soltani"> Imen Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Aguili"> Taoufik Aguili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The communications' and radar systems' demands give rise to new developments in the domain of active integrated antennas (AIA) and arrays. The main advantages of AIA arrays are the simplicity of fabrication, low cost of manufacturing, and the combination between free space power and the scanner without a phase shifter. The integrated active antenna modeling is the coupling between the electromagnetic model and the transport model that will be affected in the high frequencies. Global modeling of active circuits is important for simulating EM coupling, interaction between active devices and the EM waves, and the effects of EM radiation on active and passive components. The current review focuses on the modeling of the active element which is a MESFET transistor immersed in a rectangular waveguide. The proposed EM analysis is based on the Method of Moments combined with the Generalised Equivalent Circuit method (MOM-GEC). The Method of Moments which is the most common and powerful software as numerical techniques have been used in resolving the electromagnetic problems. In the class of numerical techniques, MOM is the dominant technique in solving of Maxwell and Transport’s integral equations for an active integrated antenna. In this situation, the equivalent circuit is introduced to the development of an integral method formulation based on the transposition of field problems in a Generalised equivalent circuit that is simpler to treat. The method of Generalised Equivalent Circuit (MGEC) was suggested in order to represent integral equations circuits that describe the unknown electromagnetic boundary conditions. The equivalent circuit presents a true electric image of the studied structures for describing the discontinuity and its environment. The aim of our developed method is to investigate the antenna parameters such as the input impedance and the current density distribution and the electric field distribution. In this work, we propose a global EM modeling of the MESFET AsGa transistor using an integral method. We will begin by describing the modeling structure that allows defining an equivalent EM scheme translating the electromagnetic equations considered. Secondly, the projection of these equations on common-type test functions leads to a linear matrix equation where the unknown variable represents the amplitudes of the current density. Solving this equation resulted in providing the input impedance, the distribution of the current density and the electric field distribution. From electromagnetic calculations, we were able to present the convergence of input impedance for different test function number as a function of the guide mode numbers. This paper presents a pilot study to find the answer to map out the variation of the existing current evaluated by the MOM-GEC. The essential improvement of our method is reducing computing time and memory requirements in order to provide a sufficient global model of the MESFET transistor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20integrated%20antenna" title="active integrated antenna">active integrated antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title=" current density"> current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20impedance" title=" input impedance"> input impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MESFET%20transistor" title=" MESFET transistor"> MESFET transistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOM-GEC%20method" title=" MOM-GEC method"> MOM-GEC method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82843/electromagnetic-modeling-of-a-mesfet-transistor-using-the-moments-method-combined-with-generalised-equivalent-circuit-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">330</span> Adaptive Beamforming with Steering Error and Mutual Coupling between Antenna Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to close antenna spacing between antenna sensors within a compact space, a part of data in one antenna sensor would outflow to other antenna sensors when the antenna sensors in an antenna array operate simultaneously. This phenomenon is called mutual coupling effect (MCE). It has been shown that the performance of antenna array systems can be degraded when the antenna sensors are in close proximity. Especially, in a systems equipped with massive antenna sensors, the degradation of beamforming performance due to the MCE is significantly inevitable. Moreover, it has been shown that even a small angle error between the true direction angle of the desired signal and the steering angle deteriorates the effectiveness of an array beamforming system. However, the true direction vector of the desired signal may not be exactly known in some applications, e.g., the application in land mobile-cellular wireless systems. Therefore, it is worth developing robust techniques to deal with the problem due to the MCE and steering angle error for array beamforming systems. In this paper, we present an efficient technique for performing adaptive beamforming with robust capabilities against the MCE and the steering angle error. Only the data vector received by an antenna array is required by the proposed technique. By using the received array data vector, a correlation matrix is constructed to replace the original correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector. Then, the mutual coupling matrix due to the MCE on the antenna array is estimated through a recursive algorithm. An appropriate estimate of the direction angle of the desired signal can also be obtained during the recursive process. Based on the estimated mutual coupling matrix, the estimated direction angle, and the reconstructed correlation matrix, the proposed technique can effectively cure the performance degradation due to steering angle error and MCE. The novelty of the proposed technique is that the implementation procedure is very simple and the resulting adaptive beamforming performance is satisfactory. Simulation results show that the proposed technique provides much better beamforming performance without requiring complicated complexity as compared with the existing robust techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effect" title=" mutual coupling effect"> mutual coupling effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20algorithm" title=" recursive algorithm"> recursive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20angle%20error" title=" steering angle error"> steering angle error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628/adaptive-beamforming-with-steering-error-and-mutual-coupling-between-antenna-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">329</span> Swastika Shape Multiband Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications on Low Cost Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Samsuzzaman">Md. Samsuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Islam"> M. T. Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Mandeep"> J. S. Mandeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Misran"> N. Misran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, a compact simple structure modified Swastika shape patch multiband antenna on a substrate of available low cost polymer resin composite material is designed for Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications. The substrate material consists of an epoxy matrix reinforced by woven glass. The designed micro-strip line fed compact antenna comprises of a planar wide square slot ground with four slits and Swastika shape radiation patch with a rectangular slot. The effect of the different substrate materials on the reflection coefficients of the proposed antennas was also analyzed. It can be clearly seen that the proposed antenna provides a wider bandwidth and acceptable return loss value compared to other reported materials. The simulation results exhibits that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth with -10 dB return loss at 3.01-3.89 GHz and 4.88-6.10 GHz which can cover both the WLAN, WiMAX and public safety WLAN bands. The proposed swastika shape antenna was designed and analyzed by using a finite element method based simulator HFSS and designed on a low cost FR4 (polymer resin composite material) printed circuit board. The electrical performances and superior frequency characteristics make the proposed material antenna desirable for wireless communications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin%20polymer" title="epoxy resin polymer">epoxy resin polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiband" title=" multiband"> multiband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swastika%20shaped" title=" swastika shaped"> swastika shaped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20slot" title=" wide slot"> wide slot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN%2FWiMAX" title=" WLAN/WiMAX"> WLAN/WiMAX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6190/swastika-shape-multiband-patch-antenna-for-wireless-applications-on-low-cost-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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