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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-계산법" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#계산법"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>계산법</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-계산법-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>계산법 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-계산법-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-폴링_척도" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#폴링_척도"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>폴링 척도</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-폴링_척도-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-멀리컨_척도" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#멀리컨_척도"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>멀리컨 척도</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-멀리컨_척도-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-표" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#표"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>표</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-표-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">전기 음성도</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 77개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiwiteit" title="Elektronegatiwiteit – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektronegatiwiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividat" title="Electronegatividat – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Electronegatividat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كهرسلبية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كهرسلبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كهروسلبية – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كهروسلبية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativid%C3%A1" title="Electronegatividá – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electronegatividá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%AB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Электр тиҫкәрелек – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Электр тиҫкәрелек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Электраадмоўнасць – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электраадмоўнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електроотрицателност – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електроотрицателност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="তড়িৎ ঋণাত্মকতা – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ ঋণাত্মকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativitat" title="Electronegativitat – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electronegativitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronegativita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Электронегативлăх – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электронегативлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatifedd" title="Electronegatifedd – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Electronegatifedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektronegativität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiwita" title="Elektronegatiwita – 저지 소르비아어" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Elektronegatiwita" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="저지 소르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτραρνητικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electronegativity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativeco" title="Elektronegativeco – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronegativeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividad" title="Electronegatividad – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electronegatividad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiivsus" title="Elektronegatiivsus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektronegatiivsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatibotasun" title="Elektronegatibotasun – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elektronegatibotasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletronegativi%C3%A1" title="Eletronegativiá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Eletronegativiá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="الکترونگاتیوی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترونگاتیوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiivisuus" title="Elektronegatiivisuus – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektronegatiivisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électronégativité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leictridhi%C3%BAltacht" title="Leictridhiúltacht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leictridhiúltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegatividade" title="Electronegatividade – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electronegatividade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלקטרושליליות – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרושליליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="विद्युत्-ऋणात्मकता – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत्-ऋणात्मकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektwonegativite" title="Elektwonegativite – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektwonegativite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A1s" title="Elektronegativitás – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektronegativitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրաբացասականություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրաբացասականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektronegativitas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettronegativit%C3%A0" title="Elettronegatività – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettronegatività" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E9%99%B0%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%A6" title="電気陰性度 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気陰性度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ელექტროუარყოფითობა – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტროუარყოფითობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Электртерістілік – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электртерістілік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ವಿದ್ಯುದೃಣತ್ವ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುದೃಣತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrunegativit%C3%A0" title="Eletrunegatività – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eletrunegatività" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroneigiamumas" title="Elektroneigiamumas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektroneigiamumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C4%81te" title="Elektronegativitāte – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektronegativitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електронегативност – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронегативност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A4" title="വിദ്യുത് ഋണത – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിദ്യുത് ഋണത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цахилгаан сөрөг чанар – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан сөрөг чанар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keelektronegatifan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အီလက်ထရောနစ် ဆွဲငင်အား – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလက်ထရောနစ် ဆွဲငင်အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektronegativität" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektronegativiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativitat" title="Electronegativitat – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Electronegativitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroujemno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Elektroujemność – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektroujemność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="الیکٹرونیگیٹیوٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکٹرونیگیٹیوٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletronegatividade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativitate" title="Electronegativitate – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electronegativitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Электроотрицательность – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электроотрицательность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electronegativity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektronegativita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronegativnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativiteti" title="Elektronegativiteti – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elektronegativiteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Електронегативност – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електронегативност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektronegativitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="மின்னெதிர்த்தன்மை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னெதிர்த்தன்மை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5" title="อิเล็กโตรเนกาทิวิตี – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิเล็กโตรเนกาทิวิตี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatiflik" title="Elektronegatiflik – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektronegatiflik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Електронегативність – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронегативність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="برقی منفیت – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی منفیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektrmanfiylik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ âm điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronegatibidad" title="Elektronegatibidad – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elektronegatibidad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%87%E5%BA%A6" title="鲍林标度 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲍林标度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电负性" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electrostatic_Potential.jpg"><img alt="A water molecule is put into a see-through egg shape, which is color-coded by electrostatic potential. A concentration of red is near the top of the shape, where the oxygen atom is, and gradually shifts through yellow, green, and then to blue near the lower-right and lower-left corners of the shape where the hydrogen atoms are." resource="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Electrostatic_Potential.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Electrostatic_Potential.jpg/320px-Electrostatic_Potential.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Electrostatic_Potential.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물">물</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%81_%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="전기적 위치 에너지">전기적 위치 에너지</a> 지도. <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" title="산소">산소</a> 원자가 있는 곳일수록 음전하를 띄어 붉게 채색되어있고, 수소 원자가 있는 곳일수록 양전하를 띄어 파랗게 채색되어있다. 이러한 전하 분포의 불균형은 산소와 수소의 전기음성도 차이에 의해 발생한다.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>전기 음성도</b>(電氣陰性度, Electronegativity, 기호: <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7" title="Χ">χ</a>)는 한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="화학 결합">화학 결합</a>을 할 때 다른 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="전자">전자</a>를 끌어들이는 정도이다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 전기 음성도가 높을수록 원자가 전자를 더 끌어 당긴다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="원자가 전자">원자가 전자</a>와 원자핵의 거리, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" title="원자 번호">원자 번호</a>(양성자의 개수)에 의해 결정된다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="공유 결합">공유 결합</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="이온 결합">이온 결합</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="결합 에너지">결합 에너지</a>와 결합의 화학적 극성의 부호와 크기를 정량적으로 추정하는 간단한 방법으로 사용된다. </p><p>기본적으로, 전기 음성도는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%A8_%ED%95%B5%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="유효 핵전하">유효 핵전하</a>와 원자의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EA%BB%8D%EC%A7%88" title="전자 껍질">전자 껍질</a> 속 전자의 수와 위치(전자가 많을수록 전자를 더 적게 끌어당김)에 의해 결정된다. 이때 핵전하의 관점에서는, 양성자가 많을수록 전기음성도가 더 높아진다. 전자 껍질 속 전자의 관점에서는, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EC%99%B8%EA%B0%81_%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="최외각 전자">최외각 전자</a>가 핵에서 멀리 있을수록, 그리고 원자의 전자가 더 많이 있을수록 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9B%80_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="가리움 효과">가리움 효과</a>에 의해 전기음성도가 낮아진다. </p><p>"전기음성도"라는 용어는 1811년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%B8%8C_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EC%85%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="옌스 야코브 베르셀리우스">옌스 야코브 베르셀리우스</a>에 의해 도입되었지만,<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그 개념은 이전에도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%8D%B0%EC%98%A4_%EC%95%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C" title="아메데오 아보가드로">아브가드로</a>를 비롯한 많은 화학자들이 이미 인지하고 연구하고 있었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그럼에도 전기 음성도의 정량적 척도는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="원자가 결합 이론">원자가 결합 이론</a>의 발전으로 1932년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B4%EB%A7%81" title="라이너스 폴링">라이너스 폴링</a>이 결합 에너지에 의존하는 척도를 처음으로 제안하기까지 100년 넘는 시간동안 설정되지 않았었다.<sup id="cite_ref-paulingJACS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paulingJACS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 폴링의 연구를 통해 전기 음성도는 다른 여러 화학적 성질과 상관관계가 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 폴링 이외에도 다양한 척도가 제안되었으나, 폴링 척도와 약간의 차이만 가지며 이 경우에도 원소들의 번호에 따른 주기적 속성은 일관적으로 나타난다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>일반적으로 라이너스 폴링이 발견한 0.79에서 3.98(수소 = 2.20) 범위의 상대 척도로 계산되는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9B%90%EB%9F%89" title="무차원량">무차원량</a>인 폴링 척도(χr)가 사용된다. 다른 계산 방법을 사용하는 경우에도 동일한 범위의 수치 값을 포함하는 척도 결과를 같이 인용하는 것이 일반적이다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%B0" title="플루오린">플루오린</a>은 가장 강한 전기 음성도(3.98)를 가지고 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%98" title="세슘">세슘</a>이 가장 약한 전기 음성도(0.79)를 가지고 있다. </p><p>전기 음성도는 단원자 상태의 원자들뿐만 아니라, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a> 속 개별 원자들에서도 측정될 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-NOTCB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOTCB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 어떤 경우에도 원자의 전기음성도는 일차 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="이온화 에너지">이온화 에너지</a>와 강한 상관관계를 보인다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%B9%9C%ED%99%94%EB%8F%84" title="전자 친화도">전자 친화도</a>와는 낮은 전기음성도에서는 약한 상관관계를, 높은 전기음성도에서는 강한 상관관계를 보인다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 원소의 전기음성도는 각 원자가 다른 원자 혹은 분자들과 상호작용하는 것에 영향을 받는다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="계산법"><span id=".EA.B3.84.EC.82.B0.EB.B2.95"></span>계산법</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 계산법"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="폴링_척도"><span id=".ED.8F.B4.EB.A7.81_.EC.B2.99.EB.8F.84"></span>폴링 척도</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 폴링 척도"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B4%EB%A7%81" title="라이너스 폴링">라이너스 폴링</a>은 1932년에 두 개의 서로 다른 원자(A-B) 사이의 공유 결합이 A-A와 B-B 결합의 평균보다 강한 이유를 설명하기 위해 전기 음성도의 개념을 처음 제안했다. 폴링의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="원자가 결합 이론">원자가 결합 이론</a>에 따르면, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A2%85%ED%95%B5_%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="이종핵 분자">이종핵 분자</a>의 이러한 추가적인 안정화는 이온 공명 구조에 의해 일어난다. 따라서 원소에 대한 폴링 전기 음성도를 계산하기 위해선, 해당 원소에 의해 형성된 적어도 두 가지 유형의 공유 결합의 해리 에너지에 대한 데이터가 필요하다. </p><p>원자 A와 B 사이의 전기 음성도의 차이는 아래 공식에 의해 계산된다: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}}|=({\rm {eV}})^{-1/2}{\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})-{\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}}|=({\rm {eV}})^{-1/2}{\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})-{\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e597995918168e09e95242eb3f83b37c69624465" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:54.584ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}}|=({\rm {eV}})^{-1/2}{\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})-{\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}}}}"></span> </p><p>이 식에서 A-B, A-A 및 B-B <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9_%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="결합 해리 에너지">해리 에너지</a>(<i>E</i><sub>d</sub>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="전자볼트">전자볼트</a>로 계산되며, 무차원 결과를 보장하기 위해 계수 (eV)<sup>−1⁄2</sup>가 포함된다. </p><p>위 식을 통해 수소와 브로민의 전기 음성도의 차이는 0.73임을 구할 수 있다.(해리 에너지: H–Br, 3.79 eV, H–H, 4.52 eV, Br–Br 2.00 eV) </p><p>하지만 폴링 척도는 원자 간의 전기 음성도의 차이만을 구하기 때문에, 절대적인 척도를 만들기 위해서는 기준이 되는 원자가 필요하다. 따라서 가장 광범위하게 공유 결합을 형성하는 수소가 척도의 기준으로 선택되었다. 초기에 수소의 전기 음성도는 2.1로 결정되었고, 후에 2.20으로 변경되었다. 또한 전기 음성도를 판단하기 위해 화학적 추론을 통한 더 높은 전기 음성도를 가진 원자를 판별해야 한다(루트에서 부호를 선택하는 것과 비슷함). 위에 예시에서는 수소와 브로민이 물에 용해 되었을 때 H<sup>+</sup>이온과 Br<sup>−</sup> 이온으로 만들기 때문에, 따라서 브로민이 더 강한 전기 음성도를 가진다고 가정한다. </p><p>폴링 척도의 핵심은 기본적이고, 정확한 반-경험적 질량 공식(SEMF)이다:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}+(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}+(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2888d5458beb898ac57dbc35e449167ddc5322d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:48.044ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\frac {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})+E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}{2}}+(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}"></span>때로는 아래 공식을 사용하기도 한다:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}}+1.3(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1.3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}}+1.3(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f5caf5f8530548985cb19756995d5d12d6bc001" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:49.663ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AB}})={\sqrt {E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {AA}})E_{\rm {d}}({\rm {BB}})}}+1.3(\chi _{\rm {A}}-\chi _{\rm {B}})^{2}{\rm {eV}}}"></span>위 공식은 비록 근사적인 식이지만 높은 정확도를 가지고 있다. 폴링은 결합이 공유 결합과 두 개의 이온 결합 상태의 양자 역학적 중첩으로 대략적으로 표현될 수 있다는 점에 주목하여 첫 번째 방정식을 만들었다. 결합의 공유 에너지는 양자 역학 계산에 의한 근사치이며, 동일한 분자의 공유 결합의 두 에너지의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98_%ED%8F%89%EA%B7%A0" title="기하 평균">기하 평균</a>이며 이온 요인, 즉 결합의 극성 특성에서 오는 추가 에너지가 존재한다. </p><p>공식은 근사치이지만 이 대략적인 근사치는 실제로 상대적으로 양호하고 결합 극성의 개념과 양자 역학의 일부 이론적 근거와 함께 올바른 직관을 제공한다. </p><p>더 복잡한 화합물에서는 전기 음성도가 원자의 분자 환경에 의존하기 때문에 추가 오류가 발생한다. 또한 에너지 추정치는 다중 결합이 아닌 단일 결합에만 사용할 수 있기 때문에 단일 결합만을 포함하는 분자의 형성 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%83%88%ED%94%BC" title="엔탈피">엔탈피</a>는 이후에 전기 음성도 표를 기반으로 추정할 수 있으며, 이는 구성 요소 및 결합된 모든 원자 쌍의 전기 음성도 차이의 제곱의 합에 따라 달라진다. 이러한 에너지 추정 공식은 일반적으로 10% 정도의 상대 오차를 갖지만 대략적인 아이디어와 분자에 대해서 이해할 때 사용할 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="멀리컨_척도"><span id=".EB.A9.80.EB.A6.AC.EC.BB.A8_.EC.B2.99.EB.8F.84"></span>멀리컨 척도</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 멀리컨 척도"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%BB%A8" title="로버트 멀리컨">로버트 멀리컨</a>은 전기 음성도는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="이온화 에너지">이온화 에너지</a>(E<sub>i</sub>)와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%B9%9C%ED%99%94%EB%8F%84" title="전자 친화도">전자 친화도</a>(E<sub>ea</sub>)의 산술 평균이어야 한다고 제안했다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi ={\frac {E_{\rm {i}}+E_{\rm {ea}}}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi ={\frac {E_{\rm {i}}+E_{\rm {ea}}}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/18dad45a70ab6c91b70cb08761eae4ce5d0c6294" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.134ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi ={\frac {E_{\rm {i}}+E_{\rm {ea}}}{2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>그러므로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="비활성기체">비활성 기체</a>의 경우에도 전기음성도가 존재하지만, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%ED%84%B4" title="패턴">패턴</a>은 폴링 척도와 매우 비슷하다. 현재 잘 쓰이지는 않고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="표"><span id=".ED.91.9C"></span>표</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 표"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="80%" align="CENTER" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="19"><b>폴링 척도에 의한 전기음성도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표">주기율표</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="19">→ <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%84" title="원자 반지름">원자 반지름</a> 감소 → <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="이온화 에너지">이온화 에너지</a> 증가 → 전기음성도 증가 </th></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B1_(%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)" title="족 (주기율표)"><b>족</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="알칼리 금속"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="알칼리 토금속"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="3족 원소"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="4족 원소"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="5족 원소"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="6족 원소"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="7족 원소"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="8족 원소"><b>8</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="9족 원소"><b>9</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="10족 원소"><b>10</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="11족 원소"><b>11</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="12족 원소"><b>12</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%95%EC%86%8C%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="붕소족 원소"><b>13</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소족 원소"><b>14</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="질소족 원소"><b>15</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EC%BD%94%EC%A0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="칼코젠"><b>16</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%A0" title="할로젠"><b>17</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="비활성 기체"><b>18</b></a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)" title="주기 (주기율표)"><b>주기</b></a> </td> <td colspan="18"> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/1%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="1주기 원소"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="수소">H</a><br />2.20 </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8" title="헬륨">He</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/2%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="2주기 원소"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe900"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%AC" title="리튬">Li</a><br />0.98 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbb00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="베릴륨">Be</a><br />1.57 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9700"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%95%EC%86%8C" title="붕소">B</a><br />2.04 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6f00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">C</a><br />2.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4900"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C" title="질소">N</a><br />3.04 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff2a00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" title="산소">O</a><br />3.44 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff0000"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%B0" title="플루오린">F</a><br />3.98 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%98%A8" title="네온">Ne</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/3%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="3주기 원소"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffed00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="나트륨">Na</a><br />0.93 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%98" title="마그네슘">Mg</a><br />1.31 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb800"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A3%A8%EB%AF%B8%EB%8A%84" title="알루미늄">Al</a><br />1.61 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C" title="규소">Si</a><br />1.90 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8b00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8" title="인">P</a><br />2.19 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6d00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9" title="황">S</a><br />2.58 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%86%8C_(%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C)" title="염소 (원소)">Cl</a><br />3.16 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B3%A4" title="아르곤">Ar</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/4%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="4주기 원소"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff600"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A5%A8" title="칼륨">K</a><br />0.82 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe800"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EC%8A%98" title="칼슘">Ca</a><br />1.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffcc00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%93%90" title="스칸듐">Sc</a><br />1.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbe00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%80%EB%8A%84" title="타이타늄">Ti</a><br />1.54 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb700"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98%EB%93%90" title="바나듐">V</a><br />1.63 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb400"><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%AE%B4" title="크로뮴">Cr</a><br />1.66 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbd00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88" title="망가니즈">Mn</a><br />1.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa700"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0" title="철">Fe</a><br />1.83 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa300"><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="코발트">Co</a><br />1.88 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa100"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%88" title="니켈">Ni</a><br />1.91 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="구리">Cu</a><br />1.90 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb500"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%97%B0" title="아연">Zn</a><br />1.65 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa900"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A5%A8" title="갈륨">Ga</a><br />1.81 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9900"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%8A%84" class="mw-redirect" title="게르마늄">Ge</a><br />2.01 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%86%8C" title="비소">As</a><br />2.18 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6f00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%85%80%EB%A0%88%EB%8A%84" title="셀레늄">Se</a><br />2.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4f00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="브로민">Br</a><br />2.96 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4c00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%86%A4" title="크립톤">Kr</a><br />3.00 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/5%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="5주기 원소"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff600"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84%EB%93%90" title="루비듐">Rb</a><br />0.82 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffec00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A0%ED%8A%AC" title="스트론튬">Sr</a><br />0.95 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd700"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="이트륨">Y</a><br />1.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffce00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EB%8A%84" title="지르코늄">Zr</a><br />1.33 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb900"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%80" title="나이오븀">Nb</a><br />1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8d00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EB%8D%B0%EB%84%98" title="몰리브데넘">Mo</a><br />2.16 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%AC" title="테크네튬">Tc</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84" title="루테늄">Ru</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8400"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%90" title="로듐">Rh</a><br />2.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%93%90" title="팔라듐">Pd</a><br />2.20 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9f00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80" title="은">Ag</a><br />1.93 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb200"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%AE%B4" title="카드뮴">Cd</a><br />1.69 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffab00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%93%90" title="인듐">In</a><br />1.78 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9d00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D_(%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C)" title="주석 (원소)">Sn</a><br />1.96 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9600"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EB%8B%88" title="안티모니">Sb</a><br />2.05 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9200"><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A3%A8%EB%A5%A8" title="텔루륨">Te</a><br />2.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6700"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%98" title="아이오딘">I</a><br />2.66 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6b00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%BC_(%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C)" title="제논 (원소)">Xe</a><br />2.6 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/6%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="6주기 원소"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff800"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%98" title="세슘">Cs</a><br />0.79 </td> <td bgcolor="#fff000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%A8" title="바륨">Ba</a><br />0.89 </td> <td>*<br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%94%84%EB%8A%84" title="하프늄">Hf</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc100"><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%83%88%EB%9F%BC" title="탄탈럼">Ta</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%85%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%90" title="텅스텐">W</a><br />2.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%8A%84" title="레늄">Re</a><br />1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a20"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%AE%B4" title="오스뮴">Os</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%90" title="이리듐">Ir</a><br />2.20 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8400"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B8%88" title="백금">Pt</a><br />2.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7000"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88" title="금">Au</a><br />2.54 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9D%80" title="수은">Hg</a><br />2.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb700"><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A5%A8" title="탈륨">Tl</a><br />1.62 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A9" title="납">Pb</a><br />2.33 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9800"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4%EB%AC%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="비스무트">Bi</a><br />2.02 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%84" title="폴로늄">Po</a><br />2.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%ED%8B%B4" title="아스타틴">At</a><br />2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%88" title="라돈">Rn</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/7%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="7주기 원소"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%98" title="프랑슘">Fr</a><br />0.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffef00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%93%90" title="라듐">Ra</a><br />0.9 </td> <td>**<br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EB%8D%94%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%90" title="러더포듐">Rf</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%B8%8C%EB%8A%84" title="더브늄">Db</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%B4%EA%B7%AC" title="시보귬">Sg</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="보륨">Bh</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%8A%98" title="하슘">Hs</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%84%88%EB%A5%A8" title="마이트너륨">Mt</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A6%84%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%ED%8A%AC" title="다름슈타튬">Ds</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A2%B4%ED%8A%B8%EA%B2%8C%EB%8A%84" title="뢴트게늄">Rg</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%98" title="코페르니슘">Cn</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%ED%98%B8%EB%8A%84" title="니호늄">Nh</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%B8%80" title="플레로븀">Fl</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%EB%B8%80" title="모스코븀">Mc</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%A8" title="리버모륨">Lv</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%A0" title="테네신">Ts</a><br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B0%80%EB%84%A4%EC%86%90" title="오가네손">Og</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%80%ED%83%80%EB%84%98%EC%A1%B1" title="란타넘족">란타넘족</a> </td> <td>*<br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%80%ED%83%80%EB%84%98" title="란타넘">La</a><br />1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="세륨">Ce</a><br />1.12 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%84%B8%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EB%AE%B4" title="프라세오디뮴">Pr</a><br />1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdd00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EB%AE%B4" title="네오디뮴">Nd</a><br />1.14 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%AC" title="프로메튬">Pm</a><br />1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffda00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%A8" title="사마륨">Sm</a><br />1.17 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd800"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A1%9C%ED%93%B8" title="유로퓸">Eu</a><br />1.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd800"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%8A%84" title="가돌리늄">Gd</a><br />1.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/%ED%84%B0%EB%B8%80" title="터븀">Tb</a><br />1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd700"><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%98" title="디스프로슘">Dy</a><br />1.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd600"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%80%EB%AE%B4" title="홀뮴">Ho</a><br />1.23 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd500"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%B8%80" title="어븀">Er</a><br />1.24 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd400"><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="툴륨">Tm</a><br />1.25 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0%EB%B8%80" title="이터븀">Yb</a><br />1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd300"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%AC" title="루테튬">Lu</a><br />1.27 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%85%ED%8B%B0%EB%8A%84%EC%A1%B1" title="악티늄족">악티늄족</a> </td> <td>**<br />  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%85%ED%8B%B0%EB%8A%84" title="악티늄">Ac</a><br />1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%A8" title="토륨">Th</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc100"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%8A%B8%EC%95%85%ED%8B%B0%EB%8A%84" title="프로트악티늄">Pa</a><br />1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffca00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%8A%84" title="우라늄">U</a><br />1.38 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffcc00"><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%B5%ED%88%AC%EB%8A%84" title="넵투늄">Np</a><br />1.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%ED%86%A0%EB%8A%84" title="플루토늄">Pu</a><br />1.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%98" title="아메리슘">Am</a><br />1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="퀴륨">Cm</a><br />1.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%84%ED%81%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="버클륨">Bk</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8A%84" title="캘리포늄">Cf</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%8A%84" title="아인슈타이늄">Es</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AE%B4" title="페르뮴">Fm</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%98%EB%8D%B8%EB%A0%88%EB%B8%80" title="멘델레븀">Md</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EB%A5%A8" title="노벨륨">No</a><br />1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%98" title="로렌슘">Lr</a><br />  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan="19"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="공유 결합">공유 결합</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Chemistry (IUPAC), The International Union of Pure and Applied. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E01990">“IUPAC - electronegativity (E01990)”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 2월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IUPAC+-+electronegativity+%28E01990%29&rft.aulast=Chemistry+%28IUPAC%29&rft.aufirst=The+International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoldbook.iupac.org%2Fterms%2Fview%2FE01990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jensen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_2-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_2-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Jensen (없는 문서)">Jensen, W.B.</a> (1996). “Electronegativity from Avogadro to Pauling: Part 1: Origins of the Electronegativity Concept”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Chemical_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Chemical Education (없는 문서)">Journal of Chemical Education</a>》 <b>73</b> (1): 11–20. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JChEd..73...11J">1996JChEd..73...11J</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fed073p11">10.1021/ed073p11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Electronegativity+from+Avogadro+to+Pauling%3A+Part+1%3A+Origins+of+the+Electronegativity+Concept&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-20&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed073p11&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996JChEd..73...11J&rft.au=Jensen%2C+W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paulingJACS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-paulingJACS_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linus_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linus Pauling (없는 문서)">Pauling, L.</a> (1932). “The Nature of the Chemical Bond. IV. The Energy of Single Bonds and the Relative Electronegativity of Atoms”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society (없는 문서)">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a>》 <b>54</b> (9): 3570–3582. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01348a011">10.1021/ja01348a011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+the+Chemical+Bond.+IV.+The+Energy+of+Single+Bonds+and+the+Relative+Electronegativity+of+Atoms&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3570-3582&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01348a011&rft.au=Pauling%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sproul, Gordon D. (2020년 5월 26일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00831">“Evaluation of Electronegativity Scales”</a>. 《ACS Omega》 <b>5</b> (20): 11585–11594. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facsomega.0c00831">10.1021/acsomega.0c00831</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254809">7254809</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32478249">32478249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Omega&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Electronegativity+Scales&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=11585-11594&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7254809&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32478249&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facsomega.0c00831&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=Gordon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%2Facsomega.0c00831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOTCB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOTCB_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pauling, Linus (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofchemical00paul">《Nature of the Chemical Bond》</a>. Cornell University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofchemical00paul/page/88">88–107</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-8014-0333-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-8014-0333-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-0333-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature+of+the+Chemical+Bond&rft.pages=88-107&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-0333-0&rft.au=Pauling%2C+Linus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatureofchemical00paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621000348/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/#view=table&property=Electronegativity">PubChem ElectroNegativity</a>," Downloaded, line-graphed, and correlated 'Electronegativity' with 'ElectronAffinity', showing a rather strong positive correlation of '0.712925965'. (Accessed linked site on 2023-09-16.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1984). 《Chemistry of the Elements》. Pergamon. 30쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-08-022057-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-08-022057-4"><bdi>978-0-08-022057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Pergamon&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-08-022057-4&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+N.+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronegativity?uselang=ko">전기 음성도</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="포털:과학">과학 포털</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/">WebElеments</a>, lists values of electronegativities by a number of different methods of calculation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516075254/http://sciencehack.com/videos/view/6952235798166539784">Video explaining electronegativity</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="산화수">산화수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C_%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8_%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="수소 이온 농도">수소 이온 농도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EC%88%98" title="아보가드로 수">아보가드로 수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%95%EB%A0%A5" title="압력">압력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="온도">열역학적 온도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%9F%89" title="열용량">열용량</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="원자 질량">원자 질량</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84" title="원자 질량 단위">원자 질량 단위</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%9F%89" class="mw-redirect" title="원자량">원자량</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90%EC%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="입자수">입자수</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="법칙">법칙</a></th><td 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