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<span>Tissue-selective effect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tissue-selective_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_vs_SERMs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_vs_SERMs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Differences vs SERMs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_vs_SERMs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ERα_activation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ERα_activation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>ERα activation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ERα_activation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biochemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biochemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biochemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biochemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biochemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biochemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biosynthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosynthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Biosynthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosynthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Synthesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estetrol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estetrol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrolo" title="Estetrolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estetrolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="استترول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استترول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9trol" title="Estétrol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estétrol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estetrol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Эстетрол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстетрол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Estetrol" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Estetrol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about estetrol as a hormone. For its use as a medication, see <a href="/wiki/Estetrol_(medication)" title="Estetrol (medication)">Estetrol (medication)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyestriol" title="Hydroxyestriol">Hydroxyestriol</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Estetrol </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estetrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of estetrol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Estetrol.svg/235px-Estetrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Estetrol.svg/353px-Estetrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Estetrol.svg/470px-Estetrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estetrol_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the estetrol molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Estetrol_3D_ball.png/250px-Estetrol_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Estetrol_3D_ball.png/500px-Estetrol_3D_ball.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15α,16α,17β-tetrol</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">(1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,3a<i>S</i>,3b<i>R</i>,9b<i>S</i>,11a<i>S</i>)-11a-Methyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,9b,10,11,11a-decahydro-1<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>a</i>]phenanthrene-1,2,3,7-tetrol</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Oestetrol; E4; 15α-Hydroxyestriol</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=15183-37-6">15183-37-6</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C%5BC%40%5D12CC%5BC%40H%5D3%5BC%40H%5D%28%5BC%40%40H%5D1%5BC%40H%5D%28%5BC%40H%5D%28%5BC%40%40H%5D2O%29O%29O%29CCC4%3DC3C%3DCC%28%3DC4%29O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=142773">CHEBI:142773</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1230314">ChEMBL1230314</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.25245.html">25245</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB12235">DB12235</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.276.707">100.276.707</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401078#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>840-340-4</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D11513">D11513</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/27125">27125</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/ENB39R14VF">ENB39R14VF</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID50164888">DTXSID50164888</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401078#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C18H24O4/c1-18-7-6-12-11-5-3-10(19)8-9(11)2-4-13(12)14(18)15(20)16(21)17(18)22/h3,5,8,12-17,19-22H,2,4,6-7H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,16-,17+,18+/m1/s1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: AJIPIJNNOJSSQC-NYLIRDPKSA-N</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>18</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>24</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>304.386 g/mol    </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>1.38 mg/mL </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Estetrol</b> (<b>E4</b>), or <b>oestetrol</b>, is one of the four natural estrogenic <a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone" title="Steroid hormone">steroid hormones</a> found in humans, along with <a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">estrone</a> (E1), <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a> (E2), and <a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">estriol</a> (E3). Estetrol is a major estrogen in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YenJaffe1991_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YenJaffe1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to estrone and estradiol, estetrol is a native estrogen of <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetal</a> life. Estetrol is produced exclusively by the <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetal</a> <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is found in detectable levels only during pregnancy, with relatively high levels in the fetus and lower levels in the maternal circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YenJaffe1991_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YenJaffe1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to its physiological role as a native hormone, estetrol can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Estetrol_(medication)" title="Estetrol (medication)">estetrol (medication)</a>. Estetrol, in combination with <a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">drospirenone</a>, has recently been approved as a new estrogenic component of a <a href="/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined oral contraceptive">combined oral contraceptive</a> (COC) and estetrol alone is in clinical development for the treatment of menopausal symptoms as well as breast and prostate cancer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_function">Biological function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biological function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>So far, the physiological function of estetrol remains unknown. The potential role of estetrol as a marker for fetal well-being has been studied quite extensively, but no correlation was found<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the large intra- and inter-individual variation in maternal estetrol plasma levels during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid5582006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5582006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid805156_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid805156-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid941193_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid941193-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7266946_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7266946-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_activity">Biological activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biological activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estetrol has a moderate <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinity (pharmacology)">affinity</a> for estrogen receptors alpha (<a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a>) and beta (<a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a>), with K<sub>i</sub> values of 4.9 nM and 19 nM, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464025_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, estetrol has 4- to 5-fold preference for ERα over ERβ.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464025_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In different animal models, the potency of estetrol regarding its estrogenic effect observed <i>in vivo</i> is generally 10 to 20 times lower than the potency of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and is also lower than the potency of estradiol.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol displays a highly selective binding to its primary targets <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a> and <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464025_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which ensures that estetrol has a low risk of non-specific side effects. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:left; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border:none;"> <caption class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Selected_biological_properties_of_endogenous_estrogens_in_rats" title="Template:Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Selected_biological_properties_of_endogenous_estrogens_in_rats" title="Template talk:Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Selected_biological_properties_of_endogenous_estrogens_in_rats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)" title="Estrogen (medication)">Estrogen</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor"><abbr title="Estrogen receptor">ER</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Estrogen receptor</span> <a href="/wiki/Relative_binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative binding affinity"><abbr title="relative binding affinity">RBA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip relative binding affinity</span> (%)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">Uterine weight</a> (%)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uterotrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterotrophy">Uterotrophy</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone"><abbr title="Luteinizing hormone">LH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Luteinizing hormone</span> levels (%)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin" title="Sex hormone-binding globulin"><abbr title="Sex hormone-binding globulin">SHBG</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin</span> <a href="/wiki/Relative_binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative binding affinity"><abbr title="relative binding affinity">RBA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip relative binding affinity</span> (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Control</td> <td>–</td> <td>100</td> <td>–</td> <td>100</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_(medication)" title="Estradiol (medication)">Estradiol (E2)</a></td> <td>100</td> <td>506 ± 20</td> <td>+++</td> <td>12–19</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrone_(medication)" title="Estrone (medication)">Estrone (E1)</a></td> <td>11 ± 8</td> <td>490 ± 22</td> <td>+++</td> <td>?</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estriol_(medication)" title="Estriol (medication)">Estriol (E3)</a></td> <td>10 ± 4</td> <td>468 ± 30</td> <td>+++</td> <td>8–18</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estetrol_(medication)" title="Estetrol (medication)">Estetrol (E4)</a></td> <td>0.5 ± 0.2</td> <td>?</td> <td>Inactive</td> <td>?</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">17α-Estradiol</a></td> <td>4.2 ± 0.8</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></td> <td>24 ± 7</td> <td>285 ± 8</td> <td>+<sup>b</sup></td> <td>31–61</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></td> <td>0.05 ± 0.04</td> <td>101</td> <td>Inactive</td> <td>?</td> <td>130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a></td> <td>45 ± 12</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></td> <td>1.3 ± 0.2</td> <td>260</td> <td>++</td> <td>?</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroestradiol" title="4-Fluoroestradiol">4-Fluoroestradiol</a><sup>a</sup></td> <td>180 ± 43</td> <td>?</td> <td>+++</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>1.9 ± 0.8</td> <td>130 ± 9</td> <td>Inactive</td> <td>110–142</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestrone" title="2-Methoxyestrone">2-Methoxyestrone</a></td> <td>0.01 ± 0.00</td> <td>103 ± 7</td> <td>Inactive</td> <td>95–100</td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>11 ± 4</td> <td>351</td> <td>++</td> <td>21–50</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></td> <td>0.13 ± 0.04</td> <td>338</td> <td>++</td> <td>65–92</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyestrone" title="16α-Hydroxyestrone">16α-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>2.8 ± 1.0</td> <td>552 ± 42</td> <td>+++</td> <td>7–24</td> <td><0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestriol" title="2-Hydroxyestriol">2-Hydroxyestriol</a></td> <td>0.9 ± 0.3</td> <td>302</td> <td>+<sup>b</sup></td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestriol" title="2-Methoxyestriol">2-Methoxyestriol</a></td> <td>0.01 ± 0.00</td> <td>?</td> <td>Inactive</td> <td>?</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="6" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center;"><b>Notes:</b> Values are mean ± SD or range. <abbr title="estrogen receptor">ER</abbr> <abbr title="Relative binding affinity">RBA</abbr> = <a href="/wiki/Relative_binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative binding affinity">Relative binding affinity</a> to <a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">estrogen receptors</a> of rat <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterine</a> <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a>. Uterine weight = Percentage change in uterine wet weight of <a href="/wiki/Ovariectomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovariectomy">ovariectomized</a> rats after 72 hours with continuous administration of 1 μg/hour via <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_implant" title="Subcutaneous implant">subcutaneously implanted</a> <a href="/wiki/Osmotic_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmotic pump">osmotic pumps</a>. <abbr title="Luteinizing hormone">LH</abbr> levels = <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">Luteinizing hormone</a> levels relative to baseline of ovariectomized rats after 24 to 72 hours of continuous administration via subcutaneous implant. <b>Footnotes:</b> <sup>a</sup> = <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">Synthetic</a> (i.e., not <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a>). <sup>b</sup> = Atypical uterotrophic effect which plateaus within 48 hours (estradiol's uterotrophy continues linearly up to 72 hours). <b>Sources:</b> See template. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mode_of_action">Mode of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mode of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tissue-selective_effect">Tissue-selective effect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tissue-selective effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estetrol shows selective estrogenic, neutral or anti-estrogenic activities in certain cell types and tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464025_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26212489_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26212489-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In rodent models, estetrol has shown to elicit potent estrogenic activity on ovulation,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> brain,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bone tissue,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cardiovascular system,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and uterus, associated with ovulation inhibition, prevention of bone demineralization, cardioprotective effects and maintenance of uterovaginal tissues, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data from preclinical studies also suggest that estetrol has <i>anti-estrogenic like effects</i> on the breast and a limited impact on normal or malignant breast tissue when used at therapeutic concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This property of estetrol is associated with antagonistic effects on breast cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the presence of estradiol.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The molecular mechanisms of action driving its tissue-selective actions rely on a specific profile of ERα activation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation. </p><p>In the liver, Estetrol has a neutral activity, which is reflected by a minimal impact on synthesis of hepatic coagulation factors, minimal impact on <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin" title="Sex hormone-binding globulin">sex hormone-binding globulin</a> (SHBG) synthesis and limited impact on lipid parameters, including triglycerides.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estetrol can therefore be described as the first Native Estrogen with Selective Tissue activity (NEST).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_vs_SERMs">Differences vs SERMs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Differences vs SERMs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The selective tissue activity of estetrol is different from the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), like tamoxifen and raloxifene.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol, like SERMs, has selective tissue activity. However, SERMs interact with the ligand binding domain of ERα in a manner that is distinct from that of estrogens, including estetrol.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol recruits the same co-regulators as other estrogens, while SERMs recruit other co-regulators.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ERα_activation"><span id="ER.CE.B1_activation"></span>ERα activation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ERα activation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrogens can elicit their effects via nuclear ERα and/or membrane ERα signaling pathways. Estetrol presents a distinctive mode of action in terms of ERα activation. Like other estrogens, estetrol binds to, and activates the nuclear ERα to induce gene transcription. However, estetrol induces very limited activity via membrane ERα in several tissues (e.g. in the breast) and antagonizes this pathway in the presence of estradiol, thereby uniquely uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biochemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biosynthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetal</a> <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, estetrol is synthesized from <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a> (E2) and <a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">estriol</a> (E3) by two fetal liver <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>, 15α- and 16α-hydroxylase, through hydroxylation.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwers_1965_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwers_1965-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwers_1965b_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwers_1965b-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid4229819_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid4229819-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StraussBarbieri2009_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StraussBarbieri2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol can be detected in maternal urine from the 9th week of gestation.<sup id="cite_ref-YenJaffe1991_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YenJaffe1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After birth, the neonatal liver rapidly loses its capacity to synthesize estetrol. During the second trimester of pregnancy, high levels of estetrol can be found in maternal plasma, with steadily rising concentrations of unconjugated estetrol to about 1 ng/mL (>3 nM) towards the end of pregnancy. Fetal plasma levels have been reported to be over 10 times higher than maternal plasma levels at parturition.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">plasma protein binding</a>, estetrol displays moderate binding to <a href="/wiki/Human_serum_albumin" title="Human serum albumin">albumin</a>, and shows no binding to SHBG.<sup id="cite_ref-Visser_2008_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visser_2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464022_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall low plasma protein binding results in a ~50% free active fraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Visser_2008_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visser_2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares to a 1% active form for EE and ~2% for estradiol.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol is equally distributed between red blood cells and plasma.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes do not play a major role in the metabolism of estetrol.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, estetrol undergoes extensive phase 2 metabolism in the liver to form glucuronide and sulphate conjugates.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26212489_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26212489-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two main metabolites, estetrol-3-glucuronide and estetrol-16-glucuronide, have negligible estrogenic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>(see <a href="/wiki/Drospirenone/estetrol" title="Drospirenone/estetrol">Drospirenone/estetrol</a>)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excretion">Excretion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Excretion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estetrol is mainly <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excreted</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26212489_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26212489-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estetrol is an end-stage product of metabolism, which is not converted back into active metabolites like estriol, estradiol or estrone.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464025_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Visser_2008_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visser_2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogens" title="List of estrogens">List of estrogens</a></div> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:right; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:396px;"> <div style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; font-size: 106.4%; text-align: center; background-color: light-dark(aliceblue,var(--background-color-neutral)); color:var(--color-base,light-dark(#202122,#eaecf0)); margin-bottom:3px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens" title="Template:Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens" title="Template talk:Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> Structures of major endogenous estrogens</div> <div class="skin-invert" style="position:relative; width:394px; height:260px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:0px; top:0px; width:394px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png/394px-Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png" decoding="async" width="394" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png/591px-Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png/788px-Chemical_structures_of_major_endogenous_estrogens_no_labels.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1700" /></span></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; font-size:14px; line-height:110%"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black"><div id="annotation_53x107" style="position:absolute; left:53px; top:107px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">Estrone</a> (E1)</span></div> <div id="annotation_251x107" style="position:absolute; left:251px; top:107px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a> (E2)</span></div> <div id="annotation_55x235" style="position:absolute; left:55px; top:235px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a> (E3)</span></div> <div id="annotation_253x235" style="position:absolute; left:253px; top:235px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;">Estetrol (E4)</span></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><div style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="The image above contains clickable links"><img alt="The image above contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/20px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/40px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div>Note the <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl group">hydroxyl</a> (–OH) <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">groups</a>: estrone (E1) has one, estradiol (E2) has two, estriol (E3) has three, and estetrol (E4) has four.</div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Estetrol, also known as 15α-hydroxyestriol or as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15α,16α,17β-tetrol, is an <a href="/wiki/Estrane" title="Estrane">estrane</a> <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_derivative" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical derivative">derivative</a> of <a href="/wiki/Estrin_(compound)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrin (compound)">estrin</a> (estratriene).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19167495_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19167495-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is structurally different from the other estrogens because of the presence of four <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl group">hydroxyl groups</a>, which explains the abbreviation E4.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464023_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19167495_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19167495-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estetrol itself is a naturally-produced estrogen by the human fetal liver. However, for human use, estetrol is synthesized from estrone, which is obtained from phytosterols extracted from soybeans. The synthesis of estetrol results in very pure estetrol (>99.9%)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18464024_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18464024-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without contaminants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estetrol was first described in 1965 by Egon Diczfalusy and coworkers at the <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a> in Stockholm, Sweden,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14303250_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14303250-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwers_1965_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwers_1965-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwers_1965b_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwers_1965b-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who identified and isolated this novel, native estrogen from late pregnancy urine and from the urine of newborn infants. Basic research on estetrol was conducted from 1965 to 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YenJaffe1991_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YenJaffe1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established that estetrol is exclusively synthesized in the human fetal liver. Since 1984, further research was virtually abandoned because estetrol was regarded as a weak and unimportant pregnancy estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YenJaffe1991_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YenJaffe1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001 Herjan Coelingh Bennink at Pantarhei Bioscience in the Netherlands re-started the investigation of estetrol as a potentially useful natural estrogen for human use,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in the introduction of E4 as the estrogenic component of a combined oral contraceptive in 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estetrol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid18462934-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid18462934_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolinkaDiczfalusyCoelingh_Bennink2008" class="citation journal cs1">Holinka CF, Diczfalusy E, Coelingh Bennink HJ (May 2008). 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href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">Endogenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22R-Hydroxycholesterol" title="22R-Hydroxycholesterol">22<i>R</i>-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B1,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol" title="20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol">20α,22<i>R</i>-Dihydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11%CE%B2-Hydroxypregnenolone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11β-Hydroxypregnenolone (page does not exist)">11β-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="17α-Hydroxypregnenolone">17α-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="21-Hydroxypregnenolone">21-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17%CE%B1,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17α,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone (page does not exist)">17α,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11%CE%B2,17%CE%B1,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone (page does not exist)">11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrocorticosterone">3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocorticosterone" title="5α-Dihydrocorticosterone">5α-Dihydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Ketoprogesterone" title="11-Ketoprogesterone">11-Ketoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Deoxycortisol" title="21-Deoxycortisol">21-Deoxycortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Deoxycortisone" title="21-Deoxycortisone">21-Deoxycortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxypregnenolone" title="17α-Hydroxypregnenolone">17α-Hydroxypregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Metabolites:</i> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocortisol" title="5α-Dihydrocortisol">5α-Dihydrocortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B1,5%CE%B1-Tetrahydrocortisol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3α,5α-Tetrahydrocortisol (page does not exist)">3α,5α-Tetrahydrocortisol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroaldosterone" title="5α-Dihydroaldosterone">5α-Dihydroaldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Dehydrocorticosterone" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone">11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="11β-Hydroxyprogesterone">11β-Hydroxyprogesterone (21-deoxycorticosterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone" title="18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone">18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Hydroxycorticosterone" title="18-Hydroxycorticosterone">18-Hydroxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18-Hydroxyprogesterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18-Hydroxyprogesterone (page does not exist)">18-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex steroid">Sex steroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11-Ketodihydrotestosterone" title="11-Ketodihydrotestosterone">11-Ketodihydrotestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Ketotestosterone" title="11-Ketotestosterone">11-Ketotestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Hydroxyandrostenedione" title="11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione">11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenosterone" title="Adrenosterone">Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenediol" title="Androstenediol">Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenedione" title="Androstenedione">Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone" title="Androsterone">Androsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroandrosterone" title="Dehydroandrosterone">Dehydroandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone" title="Dihydrotestosterone">Dihydrotestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiandrosterone" title="Epiandrosterone">Epiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitestosterone" title="Epitestosterone">Epitestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyandrostenedione" title="16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione">16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone" class="mw-redirect" title="16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone">16α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">16α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Metabolites:</i> <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol_glucuronide" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-Androstanediol glucuronide">3α-Androstanediol glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstanediol" title="3β-Androstanediol">3β-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydrotestosterone" title="5β-Dihydrotestosterone">5β-Dihydrotestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Etiocholanediol" title="3α-Etiocholanediol">3α-Etiocholanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Etiocholanediol" title="3β-Etiocholanediol">3β-Etiocholanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Androstanetriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Androstanetriol (page does not exist)">Androstanetriols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenediol_sulfate" title="Androstenediol sulfate">Androstenediol sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenetriol" title="Androstenetriol">Androstenetriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone_glucuronide" title="Androsterone glucuronide">Androsterone glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone_sulfate" title="Androsterone sulfate">Androsterone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydrotestosterone_glucuronide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide (page does not exist)">Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydrotestosterone_sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydrotestosterone sulfate (page does not exist)">Dihydrotestosterone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanedione" title="Etiocholanedione">Etiocholanedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanolone" title="Etiocholanolone">Etiocholanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanolone_glucuronide" title="Etiocholanolone glucuronide">Etiocholanolone glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epietiocholanolone" title="Epietiocholanolone">Epietiocholanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_glucuronide" title="Testosterone glucuronide">Testosterone glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_sulfate" title="Testosterone sulfate">Testosterone sulfate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Estranes:</i> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estetrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">Estrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Estradiol" title="17α-Estradiol">17α-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiestriol" title="Epiestriol">16β-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxyestradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="17α-Epiestriol">17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2,17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="16β,17α-Epiestriol">16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestriol" title="2-Hydroxyestriol">2-Hydroxyestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestriol" title="4-Hydroxyestriol">4-Hydroxyestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyestrone" title="16α-Hydroxyestrone">16α-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2-Hydroxyestrone" title="16β-Hydroxyestrone">16β-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestradiol" title="16-Ketoestradiol">16-Ketoestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestrone" title="16-Ketoestrone">16-Ketoestrone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/27-Hydroxycholesterol" title="27-Hydroxycholesterol">27-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstanediol" title="3β-Androstanediol">3β-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Androstenedione">4-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Androstenediol">5-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Keto-DHEA" title="7-Keto-DHEA">7-Keto-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone" class="mw-redirect" title="16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone">16α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Metabolites:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestrone" title="2-Methoxyestrone">2-Methoxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestriol" title="2-Methoxyestriol">2-Methoxyestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestriol" title="4-Methoxyestriol">4-Methoxyestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_disulfate" title="Estradiol disulfate">Estradiol disulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_glucuronide" title="Estradiol glucuronide">Estradiol glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_3-glucuronide" title="Estradiol 3-glucuronide">Estradiol 3-glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_3-glucuronide_17%CE%B2-sulfate" title="Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate">Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_sulfate" title="Estradiol sulfate">Estradiol sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_17%CE%B2-sulfate" title="Estradiol 17β-sulfate">Estradiol 17β-sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone_glucuronide" title="Estrone glucuronide">Estrone glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone_sulfate" title="Estrone sulfate">Estrone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol_glucuronide" title="Estriol glucuronide">Estriol glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol_sulfate" title="Estriol sulfate">Estriol sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoidal_estradiol" title="Lipoidal estradiol">Lipoidal estradiol</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Estradiol_stearate" title="Estradiol stearate">estradiol stearate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estradiol_palmitate" title="Estradiol palmitate">estradiol palmitate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="16α-Hydroxyprogesterone">16α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="20α-Dihydroprogesterone">20α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="20β-Dihydroprogesterone">20β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone">5α-DHDOC</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Metabolites:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanediol" title="Allopregnanediol">Allopregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanediol" title="Pregnanediol">Pregnanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanediol_glucuronide" title="Pregnanediol glucuronide">Pregnanediol glucuronide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanetriol" title="Pregnanetriol">Pregnanetriol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neurosteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Cholestanes:</i> <a href="/wiki/24S-hydroxycholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="24S-hydroxycholesterol">24<i>S</i>-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Pregnanes:</i> <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="3α-Dihydroprogesterone">3α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="3β-Dihydroprogesterone">3β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocorticosterone" title="5α-Dihydrocorticosterone">5α-Dihydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">5β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocorticosterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydrocorticosterone">DHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone">DHDOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epipregnanolone" title="Epipregnanolone">Epipregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopregnanolone" title="Isopregnanolone">Isopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrocorticosterone">THB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone">THDOC</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Androstanes:</i> <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstenol" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-Androstenol">3α-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Keto-DHEA" title="7-Keto-DHEA">7-Keto-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7β-Hydroxy-DHEA">7β-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7α-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7α-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone" title="Androsterone">Androsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanolone" title="Etiocholanolone">Etiocholanolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">Pheromones</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstenol" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-Androstenol">3α-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstenol" title="3β-Androstenol">3β-Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstadienol" title="Androstadienol">Androstadienol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstadienone" title="Androstadienone">Androstadienone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenone" title="Androstenone">Androstenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone" title="Androsterone">Androsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estratetraenol" title="Estratetraenol">Estratetraenol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/7-Dehydrocholesterol" title="7-Dehydrocholesterol">7-Dehydrocholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcifediol" title="Calcifediol">Calcidiol/Calcifediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol" title="Calcitriol">Calcitriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholecalciferol" title="Cholecalciferol">Cholecalciferol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others:</b> <a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxycholesterol" title="7α-Hydroxycholesterol">7α-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="11α-Hydroxyprogesterone">11α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="11β-Hydroxyprogesterone">11β-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_sulfate" title="Cholesterol sulfate">Cholesterol sulfate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estrogen_receptor_modulators1222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Estrogen_receptor_modulators1222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">Estrogen receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor"><abbr title="Estrogen receptor">ER</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Estrogen receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17%CE%B2-ol" title="3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol">3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B1,5%CE%B1-Dihydrolevonorgestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel (page does not exist)">3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B2,5%CE%B1-Dihydrolevonorgestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel (page does not exist)">3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Hydroxytibolone" title="3α-Hydroxytibolone">3α-Hydroxytibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Hydroxytibolone" title="3β-Hydroxytibolone">3β-Hydroxytibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstanediol" title="3β-Androstanediol">3β-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenediol" title="4-Androstenediol">4-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Androstenedione">4-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroestradiol" title="4-Fluoroestradiol">4-Fluoroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Androstenediol">5-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Keto-DHEA" title="7-Keto-DHEA">7-Oxo-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Methylestradiol" title="7α-Methylestradiol">7α-Methylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestradiol" title="8,9-Dehydroestradiol">8,9-Dehydroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestrone" title="8,9-Dehydroestrone">8,9-Dehydroestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8%CE%B2-VE2" title="8β-VE2">8β-VE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10%CE%B2,17%CE%B2-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one" title="10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one">10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Chloromethylestradiol" title="11β-Chloromethylestradiol">11β-Chloromethylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Methoxyestradiol" title="11β-Methoxyestradiol">11β-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15%CE%B1-Hydroxyestradiol" title="15α-Hydroxyestradiol">15α-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestradiol" title="16-Ketoestradiol">16-Ketoestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestrone" title="16-Ketoestrone">16-Ketoestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Fluoroestradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="16α-Fluoroestradiol">16α-Fluoroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="16α-Hydroxy-DHEA">16α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyestrone" title="16α-Hydroxyestrone">16α-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Iodoestradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="16α-Iodoestradiol">16α-Iodoestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-LE2" title="16α-LE2">16α-LE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2-Hydroxyestrone" title="16β-Hydroxyestrone">16β-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2,17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="16β,17α-Epiestriol">16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Estradiol" title="17α-Estradiol">17α-Estradiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">alfatradiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilenin" title="17α-Dihydroequilenin">17α-Dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilin" title="17α-Dihydroequilin">17α-Dihydroequilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="17α-Epiestriol">17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Ethynyl-3%CE%B1-androstanediol" title="17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol">17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Ethynyl-3%CE%B2-androstanediol" title="17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol">17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilenin" title="17β-Dihydroequilenin">17β-Dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilin" title="17β-Dihydroequilin">17β-Dihydroequilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Methyl-17%CE%B1-dihydroequilenin" title="17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin">17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiraterone">Abiraterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone_acetate" title="Abiraterone acetate">Abiraterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alestramustine" title="Alestramustine">Alestramustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almestrone" title="Almestrone">Almestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Testosterone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">esters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methyltestosterone" title="Methyltestosterone">methyltestosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">metandienone (methandrostenolone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">nandrolone</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Nandrolone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">esters</a>, many others; via estrogenic metabolites)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrimustine" title="Atrimustine">Atrimustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol" title="Bolandiol">Bolandiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol_dipropionate" title="Bolandiol dipropionate">Bolandiol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butolame" title="Butolame">Butolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomestrone" title="Clomestrone">Clomestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxestradiol" title="Cloxestradiol">Cloxestradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloxestradiol_acetate" title="Cloxestradiol acetate">Cloxestradiol acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugated_estriol" title="Conjugated estriol">Conjugated estriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugated_estrogens" title="Conjugated estrogens">Conjugated estrogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclodiol" title="Cyclodiol">Cyclodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotriol" title="Cyclotriol">Cyclotriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent-Estradiol" title="Ent-Estradiol"><i>ent</i>-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiestriol" title="Epiestriol">Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimestrol" title="Epimestrol">Epimestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equilenin" title="Equilenin">Equilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equilin" title="Equilin">Equilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERA-63" title="ERA-63">ERA-63 (ORG-37663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esterified_estrogens" title="Esterified estrogens">Esterified estrogens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estetrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estradiol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estradiol esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoidal_estradiol" title="Lipoidal estradiol">Lipoidal estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyestradiol_phosphate" title="Polyestradiol phosphate">Polyestradiol phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estramustine" title="Estramustine">Estramustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estramustine_phosphate" title="Estramustine phosphate">Estramustine phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrapronicate" title="Estrapronicate">Estrapronicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrazinol" title="Estrazinol">Estrazinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estriol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estriol esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyestriol_phosphate" title="Polyestriol phosphate">Polyestriol phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrofurate" title="Estrofurate">Estrofurate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogenic_substances" title="Estrogenic substances">Estrogenic substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estromustine" title="Estromustine">Estromustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">Estrone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estrone_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estrone esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone_methyl_ether" title="Estrone methyl ether">Estrone methyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estropipate" title="Estropipate">Estropipate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamestrol" title="Etamestrol">Etamestrol (eptamestrol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylandrostenediol" title="Ethinylandrostenediol">Ethinylandrostenediol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethandrostate" title="Ethandrostate">Ethandrostate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_3-benzoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate">Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_sulfonate" title="Ethinylestradiol sulfonate">Ethinylestradiol sulfonate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestriol" title="Ethinylestriol">Ethinylestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylestradiol" title="Ethylestradiol">Ethylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol" title="Etynodiol">Etynodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol_diacetate" title="Etynodiol diacetate">Etynodiol diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexolame" title="Hexolame">Hexolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippulin" title="Hippulin">Hippulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyestrone_diacetate" title="Hydroxyestrone diacetate">Hydroxyestrone diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol" title="Lynestrenol">Lynestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol_phenylpropionate" title="Lynestrenol phenylpropionate">Lynestrenol phenylpropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestranol" title="Mestranol">Mestranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylestradiol" title="Methylestradiol">Methylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxestrol" title="Moxestrol">Moxestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytatrienediol" title="Mytatrienediol">Mytatrienediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilestriol" title="Nilestriol">Nilestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">Norethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noretynodrel" title="Noretynodrel">Noretynodrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestrate" title="Orestrate">Orestrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentolame" title="Pentolame">Pentolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodiame" title="Prodiame">Prodiame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolame" title="Prolame">Prolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promestriene" title="Promestriene">Promestriene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-16117" title="RU-16117">RU-16117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinestradol" title="Quinestradol">Quinestradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinestrol" title="Quinestrol">Quinestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(R,R)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(S,S)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,8-Dihydroxyhexahydrochrysene" title="2,8-Dihydroxyhexahydrochrysene">2,8-DHHHC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-LGND1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β-LGND1 (page does not exist)">β-LGND1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-LGND2" title="Β-LGND2">β-LGND2 (GTx-878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AC-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AC-186 (page does not exist)">AC-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenestrol" title="Allenestrol">Allenestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenolic_acid" title="Allenolic acid">Allenolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzestrol" title="Benzestrol">Benzestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifluranol" title="Bifluranol">Bifluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisdehydrodoisynolic_acid" title="Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid">Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butestrol" title="Butestrol">Butestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbestrol" title="Carbestrol">Carbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-15414" title="D-15414">D-15414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCW234" title="DCW234">DCW234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarylpropionitrile" title="Diarylpropionitrile">Diarylpropionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienestrol" title="Dienestrol">Dienestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dienestrol_diacetate" title="Dienestrol diacetate">Dienestrol diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Diethylstilbestrol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Diethylstilbestrol esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimestrol" title="Dimestrol">Dimestrol (dianisylhexene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylstilbestrol" title="Dimethylstilbestrol">Dimethylstilbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doisynoestrol" title="Doisynoestrol">Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doisynolic_acid" title="Doisynolic acid">Doisynolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elacestrant" title="Elacestrant">Elacestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERB-196" title="ERB-196">ERB-196 (WAY-202196)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erteberel" title="Erteberel">Erteberel (SERBA-1, LY-500307)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrobin" title="Estrobin">Estrobin (DBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenestrel" title="Fenestrel">Fenestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FERb_033" title="FERb 033">FERb 033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfestrol" title="Fosfestrol">Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furostilbestrol" title="Furostilbestrol">Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTx-758" title="GTx-758">GTx-758</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexestrol" title="Hexestrol">Hexestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Hexestrol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Hexestrol esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-85966" title="ICI-85966">ICI-85966 (Stilbostat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2613" title="M2613">M2613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Butestrol" title="Meso-Butestrol"><i>meso</i>-Butestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Hexestrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Meso-Hexestrol"><i>meso</i>-Hexestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestilbol" title="Mestilbol">Mestilbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methallenestril" title="Methallenestril">Methallenestril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methestrol" title="Methestrol">Methestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methestrol_dipropionate" title="Methestrol dipropionate">Methestrol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxypropione" title="Paroxypropione">Paroxypropione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentafluranol" title="Pentafluranol">Pentafluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenestrol" title="Phenestrol">Phenestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinaberel" title="Prinaberel">Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylpyrazoletriol" title="Propylpyrazoletriol">Propylpyrazoletriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrosilan" title="Quadrosilan">Quadrosilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-3296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-3296 (page does not exist)">SC-3296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-4289" title="SC-4289">SC-4289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERBA-2" title="SERBA-2">SERBA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-82,958" title="SKF-82,958">SKF-82,958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terfluranol" title="Terfluranol">Terfluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylbromoethylene" title="Triphenylbromoethylene">Triphenylbromoethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylchloroethylene" title="Triphenylchloroethylene">Triphenylchloroethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenyliodoethylene" title="Triphenyliodoethylene">Triphenyliodoethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylmethylethylene" title="Triphenylmethylethylene">Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-166818" title="WAY-166818">WAY-166818</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WAY-169916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WAY-169916 (page does not exist)">WAY-169916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-200070" title="WAY-200070">WAY-200070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-204688" title="WAY-204688">WAY-204688 (SIM-688)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-214156" title="WAY-214156">WAY-214156</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unknown/unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/ERB-26" title="ERB-26">ERB-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERA-45" title="ERA-45">ERA-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERB-79" title="ERB-79">ERB-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZK-283197" title="ZK-283197">ZK-283197</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Xenoestrogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a>-related (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">anethole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anol" title="Anol">anol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianethole" title="Dianethole">dianethole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianol" title="Dianol">dianol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photoanethole" title="Photoanethole">photoanethole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalconoid" title="Chalconoid">Chalconoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Isoliquiritigenin" title="Isoliquiritigenin">isoliquiritigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phloretin" title="Phloretin">phloretin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlorizin" title="Phlorizin">phlorizin (phloridzin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wedelolactone" title="Wedelolactone">wedelolactone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumestan" title="Coumestan">Coumestans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Coumestrol" title="Coumestrol">coumestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoralidin" title="Psoralidin">psoralidin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">Flavonoids</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/8-Prenylnaringenin" title="8-Prenylnaringenin">8-prenylnaringenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">apigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baicalein" title="Baicalein">baicalein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baicalin" title="Baicalin">baicalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">biochanin A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calycosin" title="Calycosin">calycosin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">catechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">daidzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">EGCG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">epicatechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">equol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formononetin" title="Formononetin">formononetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glabrene" title="Glabrene">glabrene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glabridin" title="Glabridin">glabridin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">genistein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">genistin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">glycitein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">kaempferol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquiritigenin" title="Liquiritigenin">liquiritigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirificin" title="Mirificin">mirificin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myricetin" title="Myricetin">myricetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">naringenin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penduletin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penduletin (page does not exist)">penduletin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinocembrin" title="Pinocembrin">pinocembrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunetin" title="Prunetin">prunetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">puerarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">quercetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tectoridin" title="Tectoridin">tectoridin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tectorigenin" title="Tectorigenin">tectorigenin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_oil" title="Lavender oil">Lavender oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">Lignans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Enterodiol" title="Enterodiol">enterodiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enterolactone" title="Enterolactone">enterolactone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyasol" title="Nyasol">nyasol (<i>cis</i>-hinokiresinol)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalloestrogen" title="Metalloestrogen">Metalloestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alternariol" title="Alternariol">alternariol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">dieldrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endosulfan" title="Endosulfan">endosulfan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenarimol" title="Fenarimol">fenarimol</a>, <a href="/wiki/HPTE" title="HPTE">HPTE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methiocarb" title="Methiocarb">methiocarb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">methoxychlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triclocarban" title="Triclocarban">triclocarban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triclosan" title="Triclosan">triclosan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytosteroid" title="Phytosteroid">Phytosteroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Digitoxin" title="Digitoxin">digitoxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digitalis" title="Digitalis">digitalis</a>), <a href="/wiki/Diosgenin" title="Diosgenin">diosgenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">guggulsterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">Phytosterols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-sitosterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-sitosterol">β-sitosterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campesterol" title="Campesterol">campesterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stigmasterol" title="Stigmasterol">stigmasterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcylic_acid_lactone" title="Resorcylic acid lactone">Resorcylic acid lactones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zearalanone" title="Zearalanone">zearalanone</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-zearalenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-zearalenol">α-zearalenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-zearalenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-zearalenol">β-zearalenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">zearalenone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">zeranol (α-zearalanol)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taleranol" title="Taleranol">taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroid</a>-like (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Deoxymiroestrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxymiroestrol">deoxymiroestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroestrol" title="Miroestrol">miroestrol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbenoid" title="Stilbenoid">Stilbenoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">resveratrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhaponticin" title="Rhaponticin">rhaponticin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_xenoestrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic xenoestrogen">Synthetic xenoestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alkylphenol" title="Alkylphenol">alkylphenols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol" title="Bisphenol">bisphenols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">BPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_F" title="Bisphenol F">BPF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_S" title="Bisphenol S">BPS</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane">DDT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraben" title="Paraben">parabens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polybrominated_biphenyl" title="Polybrominated biphenyl">PBBs</a>, <a href="/wiki/4-hydroxybenzoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="4-hydroxybenzoic acid">PHBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phthalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalate">phthalates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a>)</li> <li>Others (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Agnuside" title="Agnuside">agnuside</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotundifuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotundifuran (page does not exist)">rotundifuran</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Mixed<br />(<a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Selective estrogen receptor modulators">SERMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Phenylbenzofuran" title="2-Phenylbenzofuran">2-Phenylbenzofuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Phenylbenzothiophene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Phenylbenzothiophene (page does not exist)">2-Phenylbenzothiophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Hydroxynorendoxifen" title="4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen">4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27-Hydroxycholesterol" title="27-Hydroxycholesterol">27-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acefluranol" title="Acefluranol">Acefluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolbifene" title="Acolbifene">Acolbifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afimoxifene" title="Afimoxifene">Afimoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anordiol" title="Anordiol">Anordiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anordrin" title="Anordrin">Anordrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzoxifene" title="Arzoxifene">Arzoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazedoxifene" title="Bazedoxifene">Bazedoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilanestrant" title="Brilanestrant">Brilanestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broparestrol" title="Broparestrol">Broparestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camizestrant" title="Camizestrant">Camizestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorotrianisene" title="Chlorotrianisene">Chlorotrianisene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">Clomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomifenoxide" title="Clomifenoxide">Clomifenoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CN-55945-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CN-55945-27 (page does not exist)">CN-55945-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclofenil" title="Cyclofenil">Cyclofenil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-15413&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-15413 (page does not exist)">D-15413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylchlorotrianisene" title="Desmethylchlorotrianisene">Desmethylchlorotrianisene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droloxifene" title="Droloxifene">Droloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclomifene" title="Enclomifene">Enclomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoxifen" title="Endoxifen">Endoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etacstil" title="Etacstil">Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethamoxytriphetol" title="Ethamoxytriphetol">Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femarelle" title="Femarelle">Femarelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fispemifene" title="Fispemifene">Fispemifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-7604&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-7604 (page does not exist)">GW-7604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-55548" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI-55548">ICI-55548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoxifene" title="Idoxifene">Idoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasofoxifene" title="Lasofoxifene">Lasofoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levormeloxifene" title="Levormeloxifene">Levormeloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LN-1643" class="mw-redirect" title="LN-1643">LN-1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LN-2299" class="mw-redirect" title="LN-2299">LN-2299</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-117018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-117018 (page does not exist)">LY-117018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menerba" title="Menerba">Menerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miproxifene" title="Miproxifene">Miproxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miproxifene_phosphate" title="Miproxifene phosphate">Miproxifene phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRL-37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRL-37 (page does not exist)">MRL-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafoxidine" title="Nafoxidine">Nafoxidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitromifene" title="Nitromifene">Nitromifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNC_45-0095" title="NNC 45-0095">NNC 45-0095</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-0320&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-0320 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-0320</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-0781&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-0781 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-0781</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-1506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-1506 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-1506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormeloxifene" title="Ormeloxifene">Ormeloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ospemifene" title="Ospemifene">Ospemifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panomifene" title="Panomifene">Panomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipendoxifene" title="Pipendoxifene">Pipendoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promensil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promensil (page does not exist)">Promensil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">Raloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimostil" title="Rimostil">Rimostil (P-081)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS1010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS1010 (page does not exist)">SS1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAS-108" title="TAS-108">TAS-108 (SR-16234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toremifene" title="Toremifene">Toremifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trioxifene" title="Trioxifene">Trioxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TZE-5323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TZE-5323 (page does not exist)">TZE-5323</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-11555A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-11555A (page does not exist)">U-11555A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-11634&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-11634 (page does not exist)">U-11634</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y-134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y-134 (page does not exist)">Y-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zindoxifene" title="Zindoxifene">Zindoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuclomifene" title="Zuclomifene">Zuclomifene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(R,R)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7β-Hydroxy-DHEA">7β-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloroindazole (page does not exist)">Chloroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytestrol_acetate" title="Cytestrol acetate">Cytestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EM-800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EM-800 (page does not exist)">EM-800 (SCH-57050)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitiostanol" title="Epitiostanol">Epitiostanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERA-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ERA-90 (page does not exist)">ERA-90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERB-88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ERB-88 (page does not exist)">ERB-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyceollin" title="Glyceollin">Glyceollins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glyceollin_I" title="Glyceollin I">I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyceollin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyceollin II (page does not exist)">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glyceollin_III" title="Glyceollin III">III</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyceollin_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyceollin IV (page does not exist)">IV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-164384" title="ICI-164384">ICI-164384</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-101906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MDL-101906 (page does not exist)">MDL-101906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepitiostane" title="Mepitiostane">Mepitiostane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylepitiostanol" title="Methylepitiostanol">Methylepitiostanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylpiperidinopyrazole" title="Methylpiperidinopyrazole">Methylpiperidinopyrazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIBE" title="MIBE">MIBE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxabicycloheptene_sulfonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate (page does not exist)">Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHTPP" title="PHTPP">PHTPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochloraz" title="Prochloraz">Prochloraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-39411&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-39411 (page does not exist)">RU-39411</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-58668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-58668 (page does not exist)">RU-58668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS1020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS1020 (page does not exist)">SS1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAS-108" title="TAS-108">TAS-108 (SR-16234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZB716" title="ZB716">ZB716</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-164015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-164015 (page does not exist)">ZK-164015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-191703&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-191703 (page does not exist)">ZK-191703</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Coregulator-binding modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ERX-11" title="ERX-11">ERX-11</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Noncompetitive inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_estrogen_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="G protein-coupled estrogen receptor"><abbr title="G protein-coupled estrogen receptor">GPER</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afimoxifene" title="Afimoxifene">Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrazine" title="Atrazine">Atrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/P,p%27-DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="P,p'-DDT">p,p'-DDT</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27,p%27-DDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O',p'-DDE (page does not exist)">o',p'-DDE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarylpropionitrile" title="Diarylpropionitrile">Diarylpropionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-1_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="G-1 (drug)">G-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPER-L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPER-L1 (page does not exist)">GPER-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPER-L2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPER-L2 (page does not exist)">GPER-L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxytyrosol" title="Hydroxytyrosol">Hydroxytyrosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepone">Kepone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acid" title="Nicotinic acid">Nicotinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide" title="Nicotinamide">Nicotinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonylphenol" title="Nonylphenol">Nonylphenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleuropein" title="Oleuropein">Oleuropein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2%27,5%27-PCB-4-OH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH (page does not exist)">2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylpyrazoletriol" title="Propylpyrazoletriol">Propylpyrazoletriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">Raloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STX_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STX (drug) (page does not exist)">STX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectoridin" title="Tectoridin">Tectoridin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-15_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-15 (drug) (page does not exist)">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-36_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-36 (drug) (page does not exist)">G-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIBE" title="MIBE">MIBE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">Zearalenone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogens_and_antiestrogens" title="Template:Estrogens and antiestrogens">Estrogens and antiestrogens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Androgen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Androgen receptor modulators">Androgen receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Progesterone_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Progesterone receptor modulators">Progesterone receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_steroidal_estrogens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of steroidal estrogens">List of estrogens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" 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axis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hormones_of_the_pregnant_female" title="Category:Hormones of the pregnant female">Hormones of the pregnant female</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_female_endocrine_system" title="Category:Human female endocrine system">Human female endocrine system</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroxyarenes" title="Category:Hydroxyarenes">Hydroxyarenes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polyols" title="Category:Polyols">Polyols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sex_hormones" title="Category:Sex hormones">Sex hormones</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orphan_drugs" title="Category:Orphan drugs">Orphan drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tetrols" title="Category:Tetrols">Tetrols</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 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